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Diehl S, Kim A, Angelini G, Joo K, Adhikari S, Amaryan M, Arratia M, Atac H, Avakian H, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Bastami S, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Brinkmann KT, Briscoe WJ, Brooks W, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clark L, Clary BA, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Dilks C, Djalali C, Dugger M, Dupre R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Fegan S, Filippi A, Forest T, Gavalian G, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Glazier DI, Golubenko AA, Gothe RW, Gotra Y, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hauenstein F, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hicks K, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Hyde CE, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Johnston R, Joosten S, Keller D, Khachatryan M, Khanal A, Kim W, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lanza L, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Livingston K, Lu Z, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Markov N, Marsicano L, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, Meziani ZE, Milner RG, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Moran P, Movsisyan A, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Naidoo P, Nanda S, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, O'Connell TR, Osipenko M, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Prok Y, Prokudin A, Raue BA, Ripani M, Ritman J, Rizzo A, Roberts CD, Rossi P, Rowley J, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Segarra EP, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Simmerling P, Sokhan D, Soto O, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tezgin K, Thornton A, Tyler N, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Vossen A, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei K, Wei X, Xu SS, Yale B, Zachariou N, Zhang J. Multidimensional, High Precision Measurements of Beam Single Spin Asymmetries in Semi-inclusive π^{+} Electroproduction off Protons in the Valence Region. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:062005. [PMID: 35213183 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.062005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High precision measurements of the polarized electron beam-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) from the proton have been performed using a 10.6 GeV incident electron beam and the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. We report here a high precision multidimensional study of single π^{+} SIDIS data over a large kinematic range in Bjorken x, fractional energy, and transverse momentum of the hadron as well as photon virtualities Q^{2} ranging from 1-7 GeV^{2}. In particular, the structure function ratio F_{LU}^{sinϕ}/F_{UU} has been determined, where F_{LU}^{sinϕ} is a twist-3 quantity that can reveal novel aspects of emergent hadron mass and quark-gluon correlations within the nucleon. The data's impact on the evolving understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms and their kinematic variation is explored using theoretical models for the different contributing transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions.
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Islam S, Huggins RC, Almeseri ANAE, Domic M, Song SH, Polizzotti BD, Kim A. Totally Implantable Oxygen Generator (TIOG) for Hypoxia and Hypoxemia. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 70:1380-1388. [PMID: 36282828 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3217164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and hypoxemia are the conditions when oxygen is depleted from the cell due to, for example, respiratory failure, cancer, etc. While the current therapy brought reasonable clinical outcomes, its systematic nature of oxygen delivery can be compromised by a significant dropout and side effects. This paper presents a totally implantable oxygen generator (TIOG) for localized, highly controllable, real-time, and targeted oxygen delivery. METHODS The TIOG system, an ultra-low power implantable wireless platform, is built using off-the-shelf components. The TIOG can be remotely operated to enable a tailored oxygen delivery based on electrolysis with a precisely controlled electrical signal (i.e., current level, frequency, and duty cycle). RESULTS The in vitro experiments demonstrate that the TIOG could deliver oxygen with a rate of 9.27 ± 1.9 µmol/L/min with the pulsed electrical current (800 µA, 600 µs pulse or 6% duty cycle with 10 ms period). The system could also suppress chlorine generation under the safety guideline (5 mg/L). Operating at 433 MHz ISM band, the TIOG could be wirelessly controlled from up to 600 cm distance with a 0%-bit error rate (BER) and 0%-packet error rate (PER). A single charge of the battery could operate the system for up to 3.3 hr, which can be wirelessly recharged for long-term operation. CONCLUSION The longevity of the TIOG system enables ambulatory oxygen therapy in a much longer-term than current practice.
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Rowley J, Compton N, Djalali C, Hicks K, Price J, Zachariou N, Adhikari KP, Armstrong WR, Atac H, Baashen L, Barion L, Bashkanov M, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biondo L, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chesnokov V, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clark L, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Diehl S, Dupré R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Fersch R, Filippi A, Fradi A, Gavalian G, Girod FX, Glazier DI, Golubenko A, Gothe RW, Griffioen K, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jenkins D, Jo HS, Joo K, Keller D, Khanal A, Khandaker M, Kim A, Korover I, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lanza L, Leali M, Lenisa P, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Markov N, Marsicano L, Mascagna V, McCracken ME, McKinnon B, McLauchlin C, Meziani ZE, Migliorati S, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Munevar E, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, O'Connell TR, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pandey P, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Pasyuk E, Pogorelko O, Prok Y, Reed T, Ripani M, Ritman J, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Sabatie F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Sokhan D, Soto O, Sparveris N, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Vossen A, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei K, Wei X, Wishart R, Wood MH, Yale B, Yurov M, Zhang J, Zhao ZW. Improved Λp Elastic Scattering Cross Sections between 0.9 and 2.0 GeV/c as a Main Ingredient of the Neutron Star Equation of State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:272303. [PMID: 35061432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.272303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strange matter is believed to exist in the cores of neutron stars based on simple kinematics. If this is true, then hyperon-nucleon interactions will play a significant part in the neutron star equation of state. Yet, compared to other elastic scattering processes, there is very little data on Λ-N scattering. This experiment utilized the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) detector to study the Λp→Λp elastic scattering cross section in the incident Λ momentum range 0.9-2.0 GeV/c. These are the first data on this reaction since the 1970s. The new cross sections have significantly better accuracy and precision than the existing world data, and the techniques developed here can also be used in future experiments.
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Chatagnon P, Niccolai S, Stepanyan S, Amaryan MJ, Angelini G, Armstrong WR, Atac H, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Bashkanov M, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biondo L, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Caudron M, Celentano A, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clark L, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, Defurne M, De Vita R, Deur A, Diehl S, Djalali C, Dupré R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Fegan S, Fersch R, Filippi A, Gavalian G, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Glazier DI, Golubenko AA, Gothe RW, Gotra Y, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Guo L, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Joo K, Kabir ML, Keller D, Khachatryan G, Khanal A, Kim A, Kim W, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lanza L, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Marsicano L, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, McLauchlin C, Migliorati S, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Montgomery RA, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Naidoo P, Neupane K, O'Connell TR, Osipenko M, Ouillon M, Pandey P, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Poudel J, Price JW, Prok Y, Raue BA, Reed T, Ripani M, Rizzo A, Rossi P, Rowley J, Sabatié F, Schmidt A, Segarra EP, Sharabian YG, Shirokov EV, Shrestha U, Sokhan D, Soto O, Sparveris N, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tyler N, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Vallarino S, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Vossen A, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei K, Wei X, Wishart R, Yale B, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW. First Measurement of Timelike Compton Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:262501. [PMID: 35029502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.262501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the timelike Compton scattering process, γp→p^{'}γ^{*}(γ^{*}→e^{+}e^{-}), obtained with the CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab. The photon beam polarization and the decay lepton angular asymmetries are reported in the range of timelike photon virtualities 2.25<Q^{'2}<9 GeV^{2}, squared momentum transferred 0.1<-t<0.8 GeV^{2}, and average total center-of-mass energy squared s=14.5 GeV^{2}. The photon beam polarization asymmetry, similar to the beam-spin asymmetry in deep virtual Compton scattering, is sensitive to the imaginary part of the Compton form factors and provides a way to test the universality of the generalized parton distributions. The angular asymmetry of the decay leptons accesses the real part of the Compton form factors and thus the D-term in the parametrization of the generalized parton distributions.
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Wang M, Kim A, Ruschin M, Tan H, Soliman H, Myrehaug S, Detsky J, Husain Z, Atenafu E, Keller B, Sahgal A, Tseng C. Dosimetric Comparison in Malignant Glioma Patients Clinically Treated on Hybrid Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Linac (MRL) vs. Conventional Linac. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ouimet M, Robichaud S, Rasheed A, Pietrangelo A, Kim A, Emerton C, Vijithakumar V, Gharibeh L, Mak E, Nguyen M, Geoffrion M, Wirka R, Rayner K. IMPAIRED AUTOPHAGY IN ARTERIAL FOAM CELL POPULATIONS DURING ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fan X, Fang J, Wu X, Poulsen K, Miyata T, Kim A, Yu L, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Han Q, Liu Z. Effect of HIV infection on pre- and post-liver transplant mortality in patients with organ failure. HIV Med 2021; 22:662-673. [PMID: 33964108 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Organ failure (OF), a leading cause of death in HIV-positive individuals, is common in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). We examined the impact of HIV infection on pre- and post-LT mortalities in cirrhotic patients stratified by the number and type of OFs. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study and a retrospective cohort study using the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry data, respectively. Patients who had not yet undergone LT from the NIS database (2010-2014) and patients undergoing LT from the UNOS database (2003-2016) were included in the study. RESULTS Analysis of patients (201 348) from the NIS database showed that one [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.531; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.160-2.023], two (aOR 1.624; 95% CI 1.266-2.083) or three or more OFs (aOR 1.349; 95% CI 1.165-1.562) were associated with higher pre-LT mortality in HIV-infected patients compared with HIV-negative patients with the corresponding number of OFs. In patients without OF, HIV infection was not associated with increased pre-LT mortality. UNOS data for patients undergoing LT (38 942) showed that the presence of two or more OFs was associated with increased post-LT 1-year mortality in HIV-infected patients compared with non-HIV-infected patients with the corresponding number of OFs (aOR 2.342; 95% CI 1.576-3.480). However, in patients with no OF or only one OF, HIV infection was not associated with increased post-LT 1-year mortality (aOR 1.372; 95% CI 0.911-2.068). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study emphasize the importance of preventing OF development, and justify LT for HIV-infected patients with no or only one OF.
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Hayward TB, Dilks C, Vossen A, Avakian H, Adhikari S, Angelini G, Arratia M, Atac H, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bondì M, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clary BA, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Diehl S, Djalali C, Dupre R, Dugger M, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Fegan S, Filippi A, Forest TA, Gavalian G, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Glazier DI, Golubenko AA, Gothe RW, Gotra Y, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hauenstein F, Hicks K, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Joo K, Joosten S, Keller D, Khachatryan M, Khanal A, Kim A, Kim W, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lanza L, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Markov N, Marsicano L, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, Meziani ZE, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Movsisyan A, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Naidoo P, Nanda S, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, O'Connell TR, Osipenko M, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Prok Y, Raue BA, Ripani M, Ritman J, Rizzo A, Rossi P, Rowley J, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Segarra EP, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Sokhan D, Soto O, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Thornton A, Tyler N, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei K, Wei X, Wood MH, Yale B, Zachariou N, Zhang J. Observation of Beam Spin Asymmetries in the Process ep→e^{'}π^{+}π^{-}X with CLAS12. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:152501. [PMID: 33929247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The observation of beam spin asymmetries in two-pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off an unpolarized proton target is reported. The data presented here were taken in the fall of 2018 with the CLAS12 spectrometer using a 10.6 GeV longitudinally spin-polarized electron beam delivered by CEBAF at JLab. The measured asymmetries provide the first opportunity to extract the parton distribution function e(x), which provides information about the interaction between gluons and quarks, in a collinear framework that offers cleaner access than previous measurements. The asymmetries also constitute the first ever signal sensitive to the helicity-dependent two-pion fragmentation function G_{1}^{⊥}. A clear sign change is observed around the ρ mass that appears in model calculations and is indicative of the dependence of the produced pions on the helicity of the fragmenting quark.
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Yopes M, Clerkin K, Fried J, Griffin J, Raikhelkar J, Topkara V, Kim A, Habal M, Latif F, Restaino S, Yuzefpolskaya M, Farr M, Colombo P, Sayer G, Uriel N. Continuous Intermittent Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Heart Transplant Recipients with Elevated Donor-Specific Antibody Levels. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Slomovich S, Raikhelkar J, Fried J, Griffin J, Clerkin K, Roth Z, Kim A, Farr M, Topkara V, Latif F, Axsom K, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo P, Takeda K, Naka Y, Uriel N, Sayer G. The Utility of Televisits in Patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Slomovich S, Roth Z, Clerkin K, Kleet A, Walraven O, Kim A, Colombo P, Raikhelkar J, Griffin J, Farr M, Yuzefpolskaya M, Fried J, Latif F, Restaino S, Topkara V, Uriel N, Sayer G. Remote Monitoring of Heart Transplant Recipients during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [PMCID: PMC7979368 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic created significant challenges in monitoring heart transplant (HT) recipients for rejection due to efforts to minimize contact with the hospital setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transitioning HT patients to home phlebotomy and a monitoring protocol based on gene expression profiling (GEP) and donor derived cell free DNA (ddcfDNA). Methods A single-center cohort study that prospectively enrolled consecutive HT patients who were transitioned to a remote monitoring protocol employing home phlebotomy and non-invasive surveillance for rejection. Patients were enrolled starting at 2 months post-HT. Positive GEP values were defined as ≥32 (up to 6 months post-HT) and ≥34 (> 6 months post-HT). A positive ddcfDNA score was defined as >0.12%. A positive biopsy was defined as grade ≥1B/1R Results 246 HT patients were enrolled and followed for a minimum of 3 months. Mean age was 56±14, 71.5% were male, and median time from transplant was 2.7 years. The average distance of patients from the hospital was 25.6 miles. 359 blood tests were drawn for detection of GEP and ddcfDNA and 102 biopsies performed (Figure). Among 32 patients who had negative results on both tests and had a biopsy, 0 had a positive biopsy. Of 25 patients who had positive results on both tests and had a biopsy, 3 (12%) had a positive biopsy. The biopsy positivity rate in patients who were GEP+/ddcfDNA- was 6% and in patients who were GEP-/ddcfDNA+ was 8%. None of the positive biopsies were associated with hemodynamic compromise. 15 (6%) of patients were admitted due to allograft rejection during the study period. There were no deaths. Conclusion Using a remote monitoring protocol with home phlebotomy and noninvasive rejection surveillance was feasible and safe in HT recipients. In this cohort, the combination of negative GEP and ddcfDNA scores was accurate at predicting a lack of allograft rejection.
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Gorman H, Moreau F, Kim A, Chadee K. A24 FCGBP MAINTAINS MUC2 MUCUS STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY BY STABILIZING THE MUCUS LAYER IN RESPONSE TO THE COLONIC PATHOGEN, ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
MUC2 mucin is the major component of the colonic mucus bilayer that serves as the first line of innate host defense against pathogens while supporting a healthy microbiota and regulating epithelial barrier function. Proteomic studies of colonic mucus have identified various mucus-associated proteins. One of the most abundant is FCGBP, similar to MUC2 mucin, but its interaction with MUC2 or function is not known. Here, we elucidated FCGBP functional role in stabilizing MUC2 mucus and in innate host defence against Entamoeba histolytica (Eh).
Aims
Hypothesis: MUC2 mucin and FCGBP are coordinately produced and play an important role in innate host defense. The specific aims are:
1. To determine if FCGBP alters the structural integrity of the mucus layer
2. To determine the role of FCGBP in Eh infection
Methods
FCGBP mRNA and protein expression induced by Eh, in WT and FCGBP CRISPR/Cas9 LS174T goblet cells were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. To compare integrity of the mucus layer, fluorescent Eh and 1μM fluorescent beads were inoculated on WT and KO monolayers and adherent Eh and bead penetrability analyzed. To quantify MUC2 and FCGBP degradation by Eh, purified MUC2 and recombinant FCGBP were incubated with Eh proteases (SPs) and Western blotted using highly specific antibodies against various regions of the proteins.
Results
In response to live Eh, FCGBP and MUC2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, FCGBP KO cells elicited robust expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein as compared to WT cells. More fluorescent Eh were attached to the mucus layer of FCGBP KO cells as compared to WT or MUC2 KO cells. Fluorescent beads penetrated further towards the epithelial cell surface in KO as compared to WT cells. Interestingly, while both MUC2 and FCGBP from purified polymeric mucins were degraded by Eh SPs, FCGBP cleavage occurred at a faster rate than MUC2. Degradation of FCGBP and MUC2 was mediated by EhCP-A5 cysteine proteinase using purified MUC2 and recombinant FCGBP.
Conclusions
In WT goblet cells, FCGBP and MUC2 were upregulated temporally in response to Eh. The increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in FCGBP KO cells in response to Eh suggests that Eh directly interacted with the cell surface suggesting an impaired protective mucus layer. In support of this, fluorescent beads penetrated the mucus layer close to the cell surface and more Eh were attached to FCGBP KO mucus demonstrating that FCGBP was critical in providing structural integrity of the mucus layer. In response to Eh, FCGBP degradation was a prerequisite for MUC2 cleavage, providing direct evidence that FCGBP and MUC2 interactions conferred biophysical properties of the protective functions of the mucus gel.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Carver M, Celentano A, Hicks K, Marsicano L, Mathieu V, Pilloni A, Adhikari KP, Adhikari S, Amaryan MJ, Angelini G, Atac H, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Chatagnon P, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clark L, Clary BA, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Diehl S, Djalali C, Dugger M, Dupre R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, Alaoui AE, Fassi LE, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Filippi A, Gavalian G, Gevorgyan N, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Holtrop M, Huang Q, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jenkins D, Jo HS, Joo K, Joosten S, Keller D, Khanal A, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim CW, Klein FJ, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Lanza L, Leali M, Lenisa P, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Mascagna V, McCracken ME, McKinnon B, Meziani ZE, Mokeev V, Movsisyan A, Munevar E, Camacho CM, Nadel-Turonski P, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Ripani M, Ritchie BG, Ritman J, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Rowley J, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Sokhan D, Soto O, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tyler N, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei K, Wei X, Yale B, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW. Photoproduction of the f_{2}(1270) Meson Using the CLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:082002. [PMID: 33709753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quark structure of the f_{2}(1270) meson has, for many years, been assumed to be a pure quark-antiquark (qq[over ¯]) resonance with quantum numbers J^{PC}=2^{++}. Recently, it was proposed that the f_{2}(1270) is a molecular state made from the attractive interaction of two ρ mesons. Such a state would be expected to decay strongly to final states with charged pions due to the dominant decay ρ→π^{+}π^{-}, whereas decay to two neutral pions would likely be suppressed. Here, we measure for the first time the reaction γp→π^{0}π^{0}p, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer detector at Jefferson Lab for incident beam energies between 3.6 and 5.4 GeV. Differential cross sections, dσ/dt, for f_{2}(1270) photoproduction are extracted with good precision due to low backgrounds and are compared to theoretical calculations.
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Kim KJ, Kim A, Kim CS, Song SW, Ruh H, Unger WES, Radnik J, Mata-Salazar J, Juarez-Garcia JM, Cortazar-Martinez O, Herrera-Gomez A, Hansen PE, Madesen JS, Senna CA, Archanjo BS, Damasceno JC, Achete CA, Wang H, Wang M, Windover D, Steel E, Kurokawa A, Fujimoto T, Azuma Y, Terauchi S, Zhang L, Jordaan WA, Spencer SJ, Shard AG, Koenders L, Krumrey M, Busch I, Jeynes C. Thickness measurement of nm HfO 2 films. METROLOGIA 2021; 58:10.1088/0026-1394/58/1A/08016. [PMID: 38883307 PMCID: PMC11177853 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/58/1a/08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Main text
A pilot study for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films was performed by the Surface Analysis Working Group (SAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). The aim of this pilot study was to ensure the equivalency in the measurement capability of national metrology institutes for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films. In this pilot study, the thicknesses of six HfO2 films with nominal thickness from 1 nm to 4 nm were measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Reflectometry(XRR), X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF), Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (TEM), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The reference thicknesses were determined by mutual calibration of a zero-offset method (Medium Energy Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (MEIS) of KRISS) and a method traceable to the length unit (the average thicknesses of three XRR data except the thinnest film). These reference thicknesses are traceable to the length unit because they are based on the traceability of XRR. For the thickness measurement by XPS, the effective attenuation length of Hf 4f electrons was determined. In the cases of XRR and TEM, the offset values were determined from a linear fitting between the reference thicknesses and the individual data by XRR and TEM. The amount of substance of HfO2, expressed as thickness of HfO2 films (in both linear and areal density units), was found to be a good subject for a CCQM key comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM.
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Kim HB, Kim A, Kim Y, Kim GT, Ahn E, So MW, Sohn DH, Lee SG. Associations of serum monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with digital ulcers and skin fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 50:231-238. [PMID: 33243053 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1837237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and clinical manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study comprising 111 female SSc patients recruited from a tertiary care rheumatology centre. We also assessed 222 age-matched female healthy controls. Serum MHR was measured in all study participants. Digital ulcer (DU) was defined as an active or healed ulceration, and the magnitude of skin fibrosis was determined according to the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS).Results: The mean age and median disease duration in patients with SSc were 56.3 years and 98 months, respectively. The MHR in SSc patients was significantly higher than that in controls. DU was found in 35 patients (31.5%) with SSc (active in 12 and healed in 23), and the median mRSS was 8. SSc patients with DU had a significantly higher median MHR than those without (11.43 vs 7.62, p < 0.001), and MHR significantly positively correlated with mRSS (ρ = 0.289, p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that an elevated MHR was independently associated with increased risk of DU (odds ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.07-1.35; p = 0.002). In the multivariable linear regression analysis, higher MHR showed a significant association with increased log-transformed mRSS (unstandardized β = 0.052, p = 0.003).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the MHR could be serve as a potential biomarker of the risk of DU and advanced skin fibrosis in patients with SSc.
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Holmes SA, Kim A, Borsook D. The brain and behavioral correlates of motor-related analgesia (MRA). Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105158. [PMID: 33157210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human motor system has the capacity to act as an internal form of analgesia. Since the discovery of the potential influence of motor systems on analgesia in rodent models, clinical applications of targeting the motor system for analgesia have been implemented. However, a neurobiological basis for motor activation's effects on analgesia is not well defined. Motor-related analgesia (MRA) is a phenomenon wherein a decrease in pain symptoms can be achieved through either indirect or direct activation of the motor axis. To date, research has focused on (a) evaluating the pain-motor interaction as one focused on the acute protection from painful stimuli; (b) motor cortex stimulation for chronic pain; or (c) exercise as a method of improving chronic pain in animal and human models. This review evaluates (1) current knowledge surrounding how pain interferes with canonical neurological performance throughout the motor axis; and (2) the physiological basis for motor-related analgesia as a means to reduce pain symptom loads for patients. A proposal for future research directions is provided.
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Ruschin M, McCann C, Stewart J, Maralani P, Campbell M, Kim A, Lee Y, Carty A, Tseng C, Sahgal A, Keller B. Patient Setup And Intra-Fraction Variability On The MR-Linac For Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Radiation: First Step To Establishing A Planning Target Volume Margin. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ricco A, Kim A, Canada J, Grizzard J, Dana F, Rezai Gharai L, Abbate A, Weiss E. Extracellular Volume Fraction of Cardiac MRI in the Detection of Cardiac Toxicity from Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diehl S, Joo K, Kim A, Avakian H, Kroll P, Park K, Riser D, Semenov-Tian-Shansky K, Tezgin K, Adhikari KP, Adhikari S, Amaryan MJ, Angelini G, Asryan G, Atac H, Barion L, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clark L, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Dilks C, Djalali C, Dupre R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Eugenio P, Filippi A, Forest TA, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Glazier DI, Golovatch E, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Guo L, Hakobyan H, Harrison N, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hicks K, Holtrop M, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ishkhanov BS, Isupov EL, Jenkins D, Jo HS, Joosten S, Keller D, Khachatryan M, Khanal A, Khandaker M, Kim CW, Kim W, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lanza L, Leali M, Lenisa P, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Markov N, Marsicano L, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, Meziani ZE, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Price JW, Prok Y, Raue BA, Ripani M, Rizzo A, Rossi P, Rowley J, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Soto O, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tan JA, Tyler N, Ungaro M, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei X, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW. Extraction of Beam-Spin Asymmetries from the Hard Exclusive π^{+} Channel off Protons in a Wide Range of Kinematics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:182001. [PMID: 33196236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the sinϕ moment A_{LU}^{sinϕ} from the hard exclusive e[over →]p→e^{'}nπ^{+} reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from forward to backward angles in the center of mass. The A_{LU}^{sinϕ} moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV^{2} in -t, covering the kinematic regimes of generalized parton distributions (GPD) and baryon-to-meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDA) at the same time. The experimental results in very forward kinematics demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd and chiral-even GPDs. In very backward kinematics where the TDA framework is applicable, we found A_{LU}^{sinϕ} to be negative, while a sign change was observed near 90° in the center of mass. The unique results presented in this Letter will provide critical constraints to establish reaction mechanisms that can help to further develop the GPD and TDA frameworks.
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Jang M, Kim HJ, Kim A, Jeon B. Lower Urinary tract symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McKinney C, Leroux B, Seminario A, Kim A, Liu Z, Samy S, Sathyanarayana S. A Prospective Cohort Study of Bisphenol A Exposure from Dental Treatment. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1262-1269. [PMID: 32579872 PMCID: PMC7649256 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520934725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies show that bisphenol A (BPA) leaches from bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bisGMA)-based dental materials. We aimed to quantify the extent to which children are exposed to BPA from dental treatment with bisGMA materials, by amount of treatment and type of sedation. We hypothesized that posttreatment urinary BPA (uBPA) concentrations would be higher among patients with more surfaces treated with bisGMA-based materials and among patients receiving general anesthesia compared with pretreatment concentrations. We conducted a prospective cohort study in 211 children, 4 to 12 y old, who had no prior resin-based dental treatment. We measured uBPA concentrations twice before treatment and at 2 d and 1, 4, and 16 wk posttreatment. We abstracted treatment data (surfaces treated) from the chart. We generated descriptive statistics and compared pre- and posttreatment uBPA concentrations using generalized estimating equations. Participants were 51% female, 46% non-White, and 74% publicly insured. The median age was 6 y. The mean number of tooth surfaces exposed to BisGMA materials (composites/sealants) was 7.5 (SD 5.3). Overall, uBPA concentrations were 86% higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 42% to 143%, P < 0.001) at 2 d posttreatment compared with pretreatment concentrations. The uBPA concentrations 2 d posttreatment versus pretreatment tended to be higher (112%, 95% CI 53% to 194%) among those receiving treatment on >4 surfaces than those receiving treatment on ≤4 surfaces (50%, 95% CI -2% to 130%). Two days after treatment, uBPA was significantly higher than pretreatment concentrations in children receiving nitrous oxide but not in those receiving general anesthesia. Among all findings, uBPA concentrations returned to baseline by 4 wk. Children experience short-term increases in BPA from dental treatment. The impact of relatively high, short-term BPA exposure on child health is unknown. Given the widespread use of BisGMA-based dental materials and that chronic low-dose BPA exposure may adversely affect child health, strategies that minimize BPA exposure could potentially improve child health.
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Kim A, Park S, Lee H, Cho H, Kang H. PCN90 Development of Time-Dependent Markov MODEL to Evaluate the Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Options for Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-CELL Lymphoma in South Korea. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vargas T, Schiffman J, Lam PH, Kim A, Mittal VA. Using search engine data to gauge public interest in mental health, politics and violence in the context of mass shootings. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236157. [PMID: 32764767 PMCID: PMC7413499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant potential for providing insight to private perceptions and behaviors, search engine data has yet to be utilized as a means of gauging the U.S. public’s interest and understanding of mental health in the context of gun violence and politics. An analysis of Google Trends revealed that Mental health searches increased in volume starting in the beginning of the current decade. Notably, both “mental health” and “gun(s)” were searched with greater frequency the week after the mass shooting events occurred. Related searches after the event also observed a significant increase in interest in mental health and gun regulation, legal reform, mass shootings, and gun(s). Results suggest that the American public’s perception of mental illness increasingly incorporates associations with themes of violence and politics, which becomes more apparent surrounding mass shooting events. Future studies are needed to determine implications for stigmatization of vulnerable groups, and possible relations to media coverage.
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Kim A, Mock B, Lee H, Kang Y, Kim D, Shin J. 645 5-(3’, 4’-Dihydroxyphenyl-valerolactone) regulates DNA methylation in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Islam S, Shah V, Gidde STR, Hutapea P, Song SH, Picone J, Kim A. A Machine Learning Enabled Wireless Intracranial Brain Deformation Sensing System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3521-3530. [PMID: 32340930 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2990071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is intracranial brain deformation due to mechanical impact. This deformation is viscoelastic and differs from a traditional rigid transformation. In this paper, we describe a machine learning enabled wireless sensing system that predicts the trajectory of intracranial brain deformation. The sensing system consists of an implantable soft magnet and an external magnetic sensor array with a sensing volume of 12 × 12 × 4 mm3. Machine learning algorithm predicts the brain deformation by interpreting the magnetic sensor outputs created by the change in position of the implanted soft magnet. Three different machine learning models were trained on calibration data: (1) random forests, (2) k-nearest neighbors, and (3) a multi-layer perceptron-based neural network. These models were validated using both in vitro (a needle inserted into PVC gel) and in vivo (blast exposure to live and dead rat brains) experiments. The in vitro gel deformation predicted by these machine learning models showed excellent agreement with the camera measurements and had absolute error = 138 μm, Fréchet distance = 372 μm with normalized Procrustes disparity = 0.034. The in vivo brain deformation predicted by these models had absolute error = 50 μm, Fréchet distance = 95 μm with normalized Procrustes disparity = 0.055 for dead animal and absolute error = 125 μm, Fréchet distance = 289 μm with normalized Procrustes disparity = 0.2 for live animal respectively. These results suggest that the proposed machine learning enabled sensor system can be an effective tool for measuring in situ brain deformation.
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