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Dutta R, Chechi TS, Yadav A, Prasad NG. Indirect selection on cuticular hydrocarbon divergence in
Drosophila melanogaster
populations evolving under different operational sex ratios. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Khan A, Singh R, Sharma S, Singh V, Sheoran A, Soni A, Dhull V, Gill PS, Yadav A, Chaudhary D, Gupta MC, Mehta PK. Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis by immuno-PCR assay based on mycobacterial antigen 85 complex detection. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:17-26. [PMID: 34592012 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) exhibits serious challenges owing to paucibacillary nature of specimens and localization of disease at sites that are difficult to access. We recently developed indirect immuno-PCR (I-PCR) and real-time I-PCR (RT-I-PCR) assays for the detection of mycobacterial antigen 85 complex (Ag85) in OATB patients. Detection limits for the purified Ag85 protein were found to be 1 and 41 fg ml-1 by I-PCR and RT-I-PCR, respectively, which were at least 105 -fold lower than respective ELISA. While spiking synovial fluids of non-TB control subjects with the purified Ag85 protein, LODs of 100 and 120 fg ml-1 were obtained by I-PCR and RT-I-PCR, respectively, thus demonstrating the sample matrix effect. Sensitivities of 87·5 and 70·5% were observed in bodily fluids of confirmed (n = 8) and clinically suspected (n = 51) OATB cases, respectively, by I-PCR, with a specificity of 93·9% (n = 33). Markedly, the sensitivities obtained by I-PCR/RT-I-PCR were significantly higher (P < 0·05-0·01) than ELISA and GeneXpert assay (n = 30). However, no substantial difference in sensitivity was observed between the I-PCR and RT-I-PCR assays. After further improving the accuracy of I-PCR, this test may lead to development of an attractive diagnostic kit.
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Yadav A, Kossenkov AV, Showe LC, Ratcliffe SJ, Choi GH, Montaner LJ, Tebas P, Shaw PA, Collman RG. Lack of Atorvastatin Effect on Monocyte Gene Expression and Inflammatory Markers in HIV-1-infected ART-suppressed Individuals at Risk of non-AIDS Comorbidities. Pathog Immun 2021; 6:1-26. [PMID: 34447895 PMCID: PMC8382234 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v6i2.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people living with HIV have persistent monocyte activation despite viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART), which contributes to non-AIDS complications including neurocognitive and other disorders. Statins have immunomodulatory properties that might be beneficial by reducing monocyte activation. METHODS We previously characterized monocyte gene expression and inflammatory markers in 11 HIV-positive individuals on long-term ART (HIV/ART) at risk for non-AIDS complications because of low nadir CD4+ counts (median 129 cells/uL) and elevated hsCRP. Here, these individuals participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment. Monocyte surface markers were assessed by flow cytometry, plasma mediators by ELISA and Luminex, and monocyte gene expression by microarray analysis. RESULTS Among primary outcome measures, 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment led to an unexpected increase in CCR2+ monocytes (P=0.04), but did not affect CD16+ or CD163+ monocytes, nor levels in plasma of CCL2/MCP-1 or sCD14. Among secondary outcomes, atorvastatin treatment was associated with decreased plasma hsCRP (P=0.035) and IL-2R (P=0.012). Treatment was also associated with increased total CD14+ monocytes (P=0.015), and increased plasma CXCL9 (P=0.003) and IL-12 (P<0.001). Comparable results were seen in a subgroup that had inflammatory marker elevations at baseline. Atorvastatin treatment did not significantly alter monocyte gene expression or normalize aberrant baseline transcriptional patterns. CONCLUSIONS In this study of aviremic HIV+ individuals at high risk of non-AIDS events, 12 weeks of atorvastatin did not normalize monocyte gene expression patterns nor lead to significant changes in monocyte surface markers or plasma mediators linked to non-AIDS comorbidities.
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Horowitz JE, Kosmicki JA, Damask A, Sharma D, Roberts GHL, Justice AE, Banerjee N, Coignet MV, Yadav A, Leader JB, Marcketta A, Park DS, Lanche R, Maxwell E, Knight SC, Bai X, Guturu H, Sun D, Baltzell A, Kury FSP, Backman JD, Girshick AR, O'Dushlaine C, McCurdy SR, Partha R, Mansfield AJ, Turissini DA, Li AH, Zhang M, Mbatchou J, Watanabe K, Gurski L, McCarthy SE, Kang HM, Dobbyn L, Stahl E, Verma A, Sirugo G, Ritchie MD, Jones M, Balasubramanian S, Siminovitch K, Salerno WJ, Shuldiner AR, Rader DJ, Mirshahi T, Locke AE, Marchini J, Overton JD, Carey DJ, Habegger L, Cantor MN, Rand KA, Hong EL, Reid JG, Ball CA, Baras A, Abecasis GR, Ferreira MA. Genome-wide analysis in 756,646 individuals provides first genetic evidence that ACE2 expression influences COVID-19 risk and yields genetic risk scores predictive of severe disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33619501 PMCID: PMC7899471 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.14.20248176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells by binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Through a genome-wide association study, we show that a rare variant (MAF = 0.3%, odds ratio 0.60, P=4.5×10-13) that down-regulates ACE2 expression reduces risk of COVID-19 disease, providing human genetics support for the hypothesis that ACE2 levels influence COVID-19 risk. Further, we show that common genetic variants define a risk score that predicts severe disease among COVID-19 cases.
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Shakya KN, Bhatta A, Yadav A, Gautam U, Basnet S. Sydenham's Chorea with Silent Cardiac Lesions, Mimicking. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:282-284. [PMID: 34819453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sydenham's chorea is an uncommon neurological manifestation of rheumatic fever and has many and varied differential diagnosis. It may mimic encephalitis when presents as an isolated feature even when silent cardiac lesions are present. Early diagnosis, treatment and penicillin prophylaxis prevents recurrence and progression of cardiac lesions. Prompt symptomatic relief and alleviation of distress is obtained with therapeutic intervention. A case of rheumatic chorea with silent cardiac valve lesions which mimicked herpes simplex encephalitis with choreoathetosis, in a 13 year old girl is presented along with review of literature.
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Kosmicki JA, Horowitz JE, Banerjee N, Lanche R, Marcketta A, Maxwell E, Bai X, Sun D, Backman JD, Sharma D, Kang HM, O'Dushlaine C, Yadav A, Mansfield AJ, Li AH, Watanabe K, Gurski L, McCarthy SE, Locke AE, Khalid S, O'Keeffe S, Mbatchou J, Chazara O, Huang Y, Kvikstad E, O'Neill A, Nioi P, Parker MM, Petrovski S, Runz H, Szustakowski JD, Wang Q, Wong E, Cordova-Palomera A, Smith EN, Szalma S, Zheng X, Esmaeeli S, Davis JW, Lai YP, Chen X, Justice AE, Leader JB, Mirshahi T, Carey DJ, Verma A, Sirugo G, Ritchie MD, Rader DJ, Povysil G, Goldstein DB, Kiryluk K, Pairo-Castineira E, Rawlik K, Pasko D, Walker S, Meynert A, Kousathanas A, Moutsianas L, Tenesa A, Caulfield M, Scott R, Wilson JF, Baillie JK, Butler-Laporte G, Nakanishi T, Lathrop M, Richards JB, Jones M, Balasubramanian S, Salerno W, Shuldiner AR, Marchini J, Overton JD, Habegger L, Cantor MN, Reid JG, Baras A, Abecasis GR, Ferreira MA. A catalog of associations between rare coding variants and COVID-19 outcomes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2020.10.28.20221804. [PMID: 33655273 PMCID: PMC7924298 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness that can result in hospitalization or death. We investigated associations between rare genetic variants and seven COVID-19 outcomes in 543,213 individuals, including 8,248 with COVID-19. After accounting for multiple testing, we did not identify any clear associations with rare variants either exome-wide or when specifically focusing on (i) 14 interferon pathway genes in which rare deleterious variants have been reported in severe COVID-19 patients; (ii) 167 genes located in COVID-19 GWAS risk loci; or (iii) 32 additional genes of immunologic relevance and/or therapeutic potential. Our analyses indicate there are no significant associations with rare protein-coding variants with detectable effect sizes at our current sample sizes. Analyses will be updated as additional data become available, with results publicly browsable at https://rgc-covid19.regeneron.com.
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Khan ID, Brijwal M, Joshi I, Singh B, Poonia B, Gonimadatala G, Mangalesh S, Yadav A, Rajput H, Bhuttay N. DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS LEADING TO HAEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2020.1.10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emerging fungal infections can pose a serious threat in contemporary healthcare due to host variations, clinical presentation and emerging resistance. Histoplasma capsulatum is a thermally dimorphic fungus, which acts as a Trojan horse by residing inside macrophages. Histoplasmosis is an emerging infection and its association with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in immunocompetent patients has been scantily reported in the literature.
Objective. The aim of the study was to explore disseminated histoplasmosis with the help of case report.
Methods: A case report of histoid leprosy is presented.
Results: A male patient of 47 yearsof age, under treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for five years and diabetes mellitus Type-II for two years, presented with fever of unknown origin (FUO) with evidence of HLH in the bone marrow. Core biopsy of the liver and spleen showed a dense tissue infiltrate with vacuolated histiocytes containing histoplasma capsulatum, eosinophils, some lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Conclusion: Histoid leprosy is a discrete infrequent form of multibacillary leprosy with distinctive clinical, bacteriological and histomorphological features. Histopathologic examination with modified fite stain remains the mainstay of diagnosis.
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Cristóvão MB, Janssens R, Yadav A, Pandey S, Luis P, Van der Bruggen B, Dubey KK, Mandal MK, Crespo JG, Pereira VJ. Predicted concentrations of anticancer drugs in the aquatic environment: What should we monitor and where should we treat? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122330. [PMID: 32172069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs have been detected in the aquatic environment, they have a potent mechanism of action and their consumption is expected to drastically increase in the future. Consequently, it is crucial to routinely monitor the occurrence of anticancer drugs and to develop effective treatment options to avoid their release into the environment. Prior to implementing a monitoring program, it is important to define which anticancer drugs are more prone to be found in the surface waters. In this study the consumption of anticancer drugs in the Lisbon region (Portugal), Belgium and Haryana state (India) were used to estimate the concentrations that can be expected in surface waters. Moreover, one important aspect is to define the major entry route of anticancer drugs in the aquatic environment: is it hospital or household effluents? The results disclosed in this study showed that in Belgium and Lisbon, 94 % of the total amount of anticancer drugs were delivered to outpatients, indicating that household effluents are the primary input source of these drugs and thus, upgrading the treatment in the domestic wastewater facilities should be the focus.
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Dubey R, Yadav A, Pawar A, Biswas A. Comparing the outcome of progenitor (CD34+) Cell dose calculated using ideal body weight to actual body weight on engraftment of neutrophils and platelets after PBSC transplant. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gupta S, Gupta S, Mahendra A, Yadav A. Multiple widespread fixed drug eruption caused by rabeprazole. J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:105-107. [PMID: 32270780 PMCID: PMC7239397 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_542_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fixed drug eruption is one of the most common forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Analgesics and antibiotics are the most common drugs causing fixed drug eruption. Here, we report a case of multiple widespread fixed drug eruption caused by rabeprazole.
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Yadav A, Kossenkov AV, Knecht VR, Showe LC, Ratcliffe SJ, Montaner LJ, Tebas P, Collman RG. Evidence for Persistent Monocyte and Immune Dysregulation After Prolonged Viral Suppression Despite Normalization of Monocyte Subsets, sCD14 and sCD163 in HIV-Infected Individuals. Pathog Immun 2019; 4:324-362. [PMID: 31893252 PMCID: PMC6930814 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v4i2.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (HIV/ART) experience excess non-AIDS comorbidities, and also remain at increased risk for certain infections and viral malignancies. Monocytes/macrophages are central to many of these comorbidities, and elevated plasma cytokines and immune activation during untreated infection are often incompletely reversed by ART and are also associated with comorbidities. METHODS We investigated monocyte surface markers, gene expression, and plasma cytokines in 11 HIV-infected older individuals (median 53 years) who started therapy with low CD4 counts (median 129 cells/µl), with elevated hsCRP (≥ 2mg/L) despite long-term ART (median 7.4 years), along with matched controls. RESULTS Frequency of monocyte subsets (based on CD14/CD16/CD163), were not different from controls, but surface expression of CD163 was increased (P = 0.021) while PD1 was decreased (P = 0.013) along with a trend for higher tissue factor (P = 0.096). As a group, HIV/ART participants had elevated plasma CCL2 (MCP-1; P = 0.0001), CXCL9 (MIG; P = 0.04), and sIL2R (P = 0.015), which were correlated, while sCD14 was not elevated. Principal component analysis of soluble markers revealed that 6/11 HIV/ART participants clustered with controls, while 5 formed a distinct group, driven by IL-10, CCL11, CXCL10, CCL2, CXCL9, and sIL2R. These individuals were significantly older than those clustering with controls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed multiple genes linked to immune functions including inflammation, immune cell development, and cell-cell signaling that were downregulated in HIV/ART monocytes and distinct from patterns in untreated subjects. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ART-treated individuals normalize monocyte subsets but exhibit immune dysregulation involving both aberrant inflammation and monocyte dysfunction, as well as inter-individual heterogeneity, suggesting complex mechanisms linking monocytes and HIV/ART comorbidities.
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Azizi S, Yadav A, Lau Y, Hampel U, Roy S, Schubert M. Hydrodynamic correlations for bubble columns from complementary UXCT and RPT measurements in identical geometries and conditions. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Le Ng X, Alikhan M, Stark J, Mosquera R, Shahrukh Hashmi S, Gonzales T, Brown D, Nguyen T, Yadav A. Comparison of pneumococcal vaccination response in children with sickle cell disease: HbSS and HbSC. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:564-569. [PMID: 31164233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) children are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease and rely on penicillin prophylaxis and vaccination for infection prevention. Post-vaccination antibody levels in SCD may wane overtime. HbSC are believed to have better immunological response than HbSS. OBJECTIVE To compare antibody response to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23) between HbSS and HbSC. METHODS Patients with HbSS (n=33) and HbSC (n=11), aged 7-18 years, were prospectively recruited. Luminex pneumococcal antibody levels were measured for 23-serotypes, after two PPSV-23 doses. RESULTS Absolute median titer for 20 of the 23 serotypes was higher in HbSC than HbSS and significantly higher for serotypes 22 (3.9 vs. 1.6mcg/ml; p=0.039) and 43 (2.9 vs. 0.8mcg/ml; p=0.007). HbSC mounted a better immune anti-pneumococcal response compared to HbSS (≥1.3mcg/ml) for 18 of 23 serotypes, albeit not significant for any of the serotypes. More HbSC (64%) than HbSS (42%) were good vaccine responders (p=0.303). Two of 21 (10%) good vaccine responders and nine of 23 (39%) poor vaccine responders SCD participants subsequently developed acute chest syndrome or pneumonia (p=0.036). None of the HbSC patients developed ACS after receiving PPSV-23. HbSS poor vaccine responders were at increased future recurrence risk for ACS (p=0.003), pneumonia (p=0.036) or both (p=0.011), compared to good vaccine responders. CONCLUSION HbSC possess better pneumococcal vaccine response than HbSS. Poor vaccine response is concerning for future acute pulmonary events. Current vaccination strategy for SCD sub-types are lacking, therefore further study to evaluate utility of vaccine boosters is necessary.
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Malik P, Yadav A, Jain D, Pathy S, Mohan A, Khurana S, Kumar S. P1.01-02 Pemetrexed-Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel (Weekly)-Carboplatin as First Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Squamous NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Prabhash K, Noronha V, Patil V, Joshi A, Chougule A, Mahajan A, Janu A, Kumar R, More S, Goud S, Kumar N, Daware N, Bhattacherjee A, Shah S, Yadav A, Banavali S. P2.01-102 Outcome of Patients with EGFR Exon 19 Mutation in a Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Gefitinib to Gefitinib with Chemotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Joshi J, Yadav A, Joshi K, Singh D, Patel H, Ulahannan S, Vinaykumar A, Girish M, Khan M, Manohar, Singh M, Bandyopadhyay M, Chakraborty A. Manufacturing experience and commissioning of large size (volume >180 m3) UHV class vacuum vessel for Indian test facility (INTF) for neutral beam. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yadav A, Jha V, CKD Investigators I. SUN-289 Association of Ankle brachial index with renal function in Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) cohort. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Yadav A, Jha V, CKD Investigators I. SUN-261 The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease cohort study: Baseline characteristics and correlates of renal function. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dubey R, Asthana B, Kushwaha N, Pawar A, Biswas A, Yadav A, Marik A. A Novel approach for rbc depletion in abo incompatible allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplant using modified hydroxyethyl starch method. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Malaviya DR, Roy AK, Kaushal P, Yadav A, Pandey DK. Complementary gene interaction and xenia effect controls the seed coat colour in interspecific cross between Trifolium alexandrinum and T. apertum. Genetica 2019; 147:197-203. [PMID: 30937602 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Trifolium alexandrinum (Egyptian clover) is a widely cultivated winter annual fodder. Present work deals with inheritance of the seed coat colour in segregating progenies of the interspecific cross between T. alexandrinum and T. apertum. Although, both the parent species possessed yellow seed coat, the F1 seeds were black coloured in the reciprocal cross (T. apertum × T. alexandrinum). Seeds borne on individual F2 plants and the advancing generations segregated in yellow and black seed coat colour, which confirmed xenia effect. F2 seeds collected from individual F1 plants exhibited nine black and seven yellow segregation ratio. The segregation of the seed coat colour recorded from F3 to F5 generations revealed that yellow seed coat was true breeding (i.e. non-segregating) in this interspecific cross (including the reciprocal crosses). However, the black seeded progenies were either true breeding or segregated in nine black: seven yellow ratio or three black: one yellow ratio suggesting a complementary gene interaction or duplicate recessive epistasis. It indicated that the seed coat colour is controlled by complementary gene interaction along with xenia effect in interspecific crosses between T. alexandrinum and T. apertum. Occurrence of the complementary genes across the species could suggest T. apertum to be the progenitor of T. alexandrinum. Inheritance of seed coat colour in reference to its importance in Egyptian clover breeding is also discussed.
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Sinha A, Singh N, Dixit BM, Painuly NK, Patni HK, Yadav A. Evaluation of Electron Specific Absorbed Fractions in Organs of Digimouse Voxel Phantom Using Monte Carlo Simulation Code FLUKA. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:161-166. [PMID: 31214521 PMCID: PMC6538914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For preclinical evaluations of radiopharmaceuticals, most studies are carried out on mice. Electron specific absorbed fractions (SAF) values have had vital role in the assessment of absorbed dose. In past studies, electron SAFs were given for limited source target pairs using older reports of human organ compositions. OBJECTIVE Electron specific absorbed fraction values for monoenergetic electrons of energies 15, 50, 100, 500, 1000 & 4000 keV were evaluated for the Digimouse voxel phantom incorporated in Monte Carlo code FLUKA. From the latest report (International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP) 110, organ compositions and densities were adopted. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have used the Digimouse voxel phantom which was incorporated in Monte Carlo code FLUKA. Simulation studies were performed using FLUKA. The organ sources considered in this study were lungs, skeleton, heart, bladder, testis, stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, adrenal, eye and brain. The considered target organs were lungs, skeleton, heart, bladder, testis, stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, adrenal and brain. Eye and brain were considered as target organs only for eye and brain as source organs. RESULTS The electron SAF values for self-irradiation decreases with increasing electron energy. The electron SAF values for cross-irradiation are also found to be dependent on the electron energy and the geometries of source and target. Organ masses and electron SAF values are presented in tabular form. CONCLUSION The results of this study will be useful in evaluating the absorbed dose to various organs of mice similar in size to the present study.
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Stoica VA, Laanait N, Dai C, Hong Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Lei S, McCarter MR, Yadav A, Damodaran AR, Das S, Stone GA, Karapetrova J, Walko DA, Zhang X, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V, Freeland JW. Optical creation of a supercrystal with three-dimensional nanoscale periodicity. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:377-383. [PMID: 30886403 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation with ultrafast light pulses can realize and manipulate states of matter with emergent structural, electronic and magnetic phenomena. However, these non-equilibrium phases are often transient and the challenge is to stabilize them as persistent states. Here, we show that atomic-scale PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, counterpoising strain and polarization states in alternate layers, are converted by sub-picosecond optical pulses to a supercrystal phase. This phase persists indefinitely under ambient conditions, has not been created via equilibrium routes, and can be erased by heating. X-ray scattering and microscopy show this unusual phase consists of a coherent three-dimensional structure with polar, strain and charge-ordering periodicities of up to 30 nm. By adjusting only dielectric properties, the phase-field model describes this emergent phase as a photo-induced charge-stabilized supercrystal formed from a two-phase equilibrium state. Our results demonstrate opportunities for light-activated pathways to thermally inaccessible and emergent metastable states.
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Mangaraj S, Mohanty S, Swain S, Yadav A. Development and Characterization of Commercial Biodegradable Films using Blown Film Extrusion Technology. CURR SCI INDIA 2019. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v116/i6/997-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yadav AK, Rai BK, Niraula SR, Yadav A, Bhandari R, Shrivastav V. Identification of alcohol problem among long route bus drivers and staffs of Dharan, eastern Nepal: Assessing from the CAGE and DSM-IV tools. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:853-859. [PMID: 31041213 PMCID: PMC6482769 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_301_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use remains a major cause of preventable death worldwide occurring prematurely. Despite its global burden, alcohol still is a legal drug. Various studies have also shown that factors like education, occupation, influence from films and family, for stress relief, pleasure during alcohol use, better self-esteem, and occupational boredom are associated with alcohol use. The consumption of alcohol, even in relatively small amounts, increases the risk of being involved in a crash for motorists and pedestrians. It is also associated with impaired judgments and so is often linked to road traffic accident. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence, type of alcohol use, and the associated factors for the initiation of alcohol use among bus drivers and staffs of long route bus of Dharan. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding alcohol use for their willingness to quit it with medical help. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in 250 long route drivers and staffs in Dharan Bus Park in 2016 with the help of a self-designed questionnaire in Nepali language. The sample size was preliminarily estimated on the basis of the prevalence of alcohol use. The "Alcohol consumer" refers to drivers who used alcohol at least once in the previous year. RESULTS Alcohol dependency among Hindu was found to be significantly more than other religious group. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was found to be 78%. About 51% drivers are likely to have alcohol problems, 39% are alcohol abuser, and 45% are alcohol dependent. CONCLUSION Drinking and driving increase the vulnerability to injury and death on the road. The study creates awareness among drivers about the harmful use of alcohol and psychosocial consequences.
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Chandan K, Yadav A, Chandra A, Mehrotra R. Using Social Media as an Effective Tool for Motivating Cancer Prevention. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.80500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is among leading cause of death (8.8 million) worldwide. Around 14.2 million new cases were recorded in 2012 and increasing each year. On the other hand there are about 2.8 billion users of different social media platforms (i.e., 37% of the world population). This tremendous power of social media can be used for disseminating effective information and communication on cancer prevention more efficiently (i.e., in less time to more people) to create awareness against the disease. Tobacco, alcohol and food industry have been using social media for aggressive advertising and marketing of their products. There is an urgent need to maximally use this medium of communication for advancing cancer prevention globally. Aim: To assess the role of social media in implementing effective health promotion strategies to advance cancer prevention. Methods: Extensive Web search has been done on the way social media (e.g., Facebook) is used for advancing public health communication and how it has been leveraged in the field of cancer prevention. Several Facebook pages and groups, YouTube channels were analyzed thoroughly. Various reports and articles on social media have been reviewed and analyzed. Results: Social media has been found very effective in terms of engaging greater number of population globally. Many Facebook pages and groups are available that provide information regarding specific cancer or provide support for cancer survivors. Several informative videos related to cancer prevention and survivors' stories are broadcast on various YouTube channels run by individuals, government, and nongovernment organizations. There have been many Instagram accounts on cancer but many of them don't provide relevant information on cancer prevention. However, genuine and relevant information are available through several Twitter handles. These social media platforms have very high penetration power. Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter have monthly reach to more than 1871, 1000, 500 and 263 million users respectively. This large number of user base can become a great source of spreading information on various aspects of cancer prevention through a comprehensive social media campaign. Conclusion: Social media platforms improve outreach and can also help carrying the relevant preventive health messages on cancer prevention, not only for the cancer patient but the public at large. Social media will help in amplifying the messages to the global mass while motivating prevention and health promotion to achieve public health objectives.
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