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Slavov SN, Otaguiri KK, Smid J, de Oliveira ACP, Casseb J, Martinez EZ, Covas DT, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kashima S. Human parvovirus 4 prevalence among HTLV-1/2 infected individuals in Brazil. J Med Virol 2016; 89:748-752. [PMID: 27589576 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), a Tetraparvovirus, has been largely found in HIV, HBV, or HCV infected individuals. However, there is no data for the PARV4 occurrence in Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1/2) infected individuals, despite similar transmission routes. Here, PARV4 viremia was evaluated in 130 HTLV infected patients under care of a Brazilian HTLV outpatient clinic. PARV4 viremia was detected in 6.2% of the HTLV-1 infected patients. Most PARV4 positives showed no evidence for parenterally transmitted infections. It is suggested that in Brazil, transmission routes of PARV4 are more complex than in Europe and North America and resemble those in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 89:748-752, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Böttcher S, Prifert C, Weißbrich B, Adams O, Aldabbagh S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Diedrich S. Detection of enterovirus D68 in patients hospitalised in three tertiary university hospitals in Germany, 2013 to 2014. Euro Surveill 2016; 21:30227. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.19.30227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been recognised as a worldwide emerging pathogen associated with severe respiratory symptoms since 2009. We here report EV-D68 detection in hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infection admitted to three tertiary hospitals in Germany between January 2013 and December 2014. From a total of 14,838 respiratory samples obtained during the study period, 246 (1.7%) tested enterovirus-positive and, among these, 39 (15.9%) were identified as EV-D68. Infection was observed in children and teenagers (0–19 years; n=31), the majority (n=22) being under five years-old, as well as in adults > 50 years of age (n=8). No significant difference in prevalence was observed between the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Phylogenetic analyses based on viral protein 1 (VP1) sequences showed co-circulation of different EV-D68 lineages in Germany. Sequence data encompassing the entire capsid region of the genome were analysed to gain information on amino acid changes possibly relevant for immunogenicity and revealed mutations in two recently described pleconaril binding sites.
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Vollbach S, Müller A, Drexler JF, Simon A, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM, Panning M. Prevalence, type and concentration of human enterovirus and parechovirus in cerebrospinal fluid samples of pediatric patients over a 10-year period: a retrospective study. Virol J 2015; 12:199. [PMID: 26607060 PMCID: PMC4660665 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) are significant causes of encephalitis and meningitis in children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, type and viral RNA concentration of EV and HPeV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in an unselected cohort of patients <18 years admitted to Bonn university hospital from 1998 to 2008. Methods A total of 327 CSF samples from 327 patients were retrospectively tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for EV and HPeV, and by real-time PCR for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV), and varizella zoster-virus (VZV). Samples had been submitted for routine virological work-up due to suspected meningitis or encephalitis and had been stored at −20 °C hereafter. Positive samples for EV and HPeV were sequenced within the gene encoding the VP1 region (EV), the VP2 and the VP3/VP1 junction region (HPeV). Results The overall prevalence was 4.3 % (14/327) for EV, 0.6 % (2/327) for HPeV, and 0.3 % (1/327) for HSV and VZV, respectively. CMV was not detected in this cohort. In children less than 3 months of age the prevalence was 7.7 % (2/26) for EV and 7.7 % (2/26) for HPeV, respectively. Frequency of EV detection ranged from 0 to 12 % per year and highest rates were observed from June to September. All typed EV belonged to species B. Both HPeV infections were detected in the fall of 2008 and were typed as HPeV genotype 3. Viral RNA concentrations were highest in patients with HPeV infection, followed by echovirus 30 and other EV. In total, 86 % (12/14) of EV infections presented as aseptic meningitis, whereas both HPeV infections presented as severe sepsis-like illness. Conclusions EV and HPeV were equally prevalent in children <3 months of age. Beyond the detection of EV and HPeV, the determination of viral RNA concentration and typing of EV and HPeV might prove beneficial for patient management and public health.
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Sarfo FS, Eberhardt KA, Dompreh A, Kuffour EO, Soltau M, Schachscheider M, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM, Häussinger D, Oteng-Seifah EE, Bedu-Addo G, Phillips RO, Norman B, Burchard G, Feldt T. Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with Higher CD4 T Cell Counts and Lower HIV-1 Viral Loads in ART-Naïve HIV-Positive Patients in Ghana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143388. [PMID: 26599971 PMCID: PMC4658036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, there is a high co-endemicity of HIV and H. pylori infection and there is growing evidence that H. pylori co-infection is associated with parameters of HIV disease progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection, and the association with clinical, immunological and virological parameters in a large cohort of HIV-infected individuals and uninfected controls in a West African country. METHODS HIV-patients (n = 1,095) and HIV-negative individuals (n = 107) were recruited at a university hospital in Ghana. H. pylori status was determined using stool antigen testing. HIV-related, clinical and socio-demographic parameters were recorded and analyzed according to H. pylori status. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals (51.5 vs. 88%, p<0.0001). In HIV patients, H. pylori prevalence decreased in parallel with CD4+ T cell counts. In ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals, but not in those taking ART, H. pylori infection was associated with higher CD4 cell counts (312 vs. 189 cells/μL, p<0.0001) and lower HIV-1 viral loads (4.92 vs. 5.21 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.006). The findings could not be explained by socio-demographic confounders or reported use of antibiotics. Having no access to tap water and higher CD4+ T cell counts were identified as risk factors for H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori prevalence was inversely correlated with the degree of immunosuppression. In ART-naïve individuals, H. pylori infection is associated with favorable immunological and virological parameters. The underlying mechanisms for this association are unclear and warrant investigation.
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Eberhardt KA, Sarfo FS, Dompreh A, Kuffour EO, Geldmacher C, Soltau M, Schachscheider M, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM, Häussinger D, Bedu-Addo G, Phillips RO, Norman B, Burchard GD, Feldt T. Helicobacter pylori Coinfection Is Associated With Decreased Markers of Immune Activation in ART-Naive HIV-Positive and in HIV-Negative Individuals in Ghana. Clin Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26195015 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients has been associated with higher CD4+ cell counts and lower HIV-1 viral loads, with the underlying mechanisms being unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of H. pylori infection on markers of T-cell activation in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. METHODS In a cross-sectional, observational study, HIV patients (n = 457) and HIV-negative blood donors (n = 79) presenting to an HIV clinic in Ghana were enrolled. Data on clinical and sociodemographic parameters, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts, and HIV-1 viral load were recorded. Helicobacter pylori status was tested using a stool antigen test. Cell surface and intracellular markers related to T-cell immune activation and turnover were quantified by flow cytometry and compared according to HIV and H. pylori status. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with decreased markers of CD4+ T-cell activation (HLA-DR+CD38+CD4+; 22.55% vs 32.70%; P = .002), cell proliferation (Ki67; 15.10% vs 26.80%; P = .016), and immune exhaustion (PD-1; 32.45% vs 40.00%; P = .005) in 243 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients, but not in 214 patients on ART. In HIV-negative individuals, H. pylori infection was associated with decreased frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (6.31% vs 10.40%; P = .014 and 18.70% vs 34.85%, P = .006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that H. pylori coinfection effectuates a systemic immune modulatory effect with decreased T-cell activation in HIV-positive, ART-naive patients but also in HIV-negative individuals. This finding might, in part, explain the observed association of H. pylori infection with favorable parameters of HIV disease progression. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01897909.
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Slavov SN, Kashima S, Rocha-Junior MC, Silva-Pinto AC, Oliveira LC, Eis-Hübinger AM, Covas DT. Human parvovirus 4 in Brazilian patients with haemophilia, beta-thalassaemia major and volunteer blood donors. Haemophilia 2014; 21:e86-8. [PMID: 25311656 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Eis-Hübinger AM, Reber U, Edelmann A, Kalus U, Hofmann J. Parvovirus B19 Genotype 2 in blood donations. Transfusion 2014; 54:1682-4. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Feldt T, Sarfo FS, Zoufaly A, Phillips RO, Burchard G, van Lunzen J, Jochum J, Chadwick D, Awasom C, Claussen L, Drosten C, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM. Hepatitis E virus infections in HIV-infected patients in Ghana and Cameroon. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:18-23. [PMID: 23743346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections have recently been described in HIV-infected patients. Only few data are available for sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV and HEV are highly co-endemic, and where liver pathology is common in HIV-infected individuals. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of HEV viremia, anti-HEV antibodies, and serum aminotransferase levels in HIV patients in Ghana and Cameroon. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively surveyed a cross-section of patients who were enrolled in cohort studies in Ghana (West Africa), and Cameroon (Central Africa). Plasma samples from 1029 HIV patients from Ghana and 515 patients from Cameroon including 214 children were analyzed for HEV-RNA by two reverse transcription PCR methods. In a subset of 791 patients, anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies were analyzed. RESULTS No HEV-RNA was detected in any of the plasma samples of 1544 patients. HEV seroprevalence was high in adult HIV patients from Ghana (45.3%, n=402) and Cameroon (14.2%, n=289), but low in pediatric HIV patients from Cameroon (2.0%, n=100). Elevations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were common in adult patients from Ghana (20.8% and 25.4%) and Cameroon (38.9% and 69.8%). The prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen was 11.8% and of hepatitis C virus antibodies 2.5% in our adult Cameroonian study population. CONCLUSIONS Acute or chronic HEV infections did not play a role in liver pathology in two HIV cohorts in Ghana and Cameroon. A better understanding of the epidemiology and genotype-specific characteristics of HEV infections in HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa is needed.
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May J, Drexler JF, Reber U, Sarpong N, Adjei O, Panning M, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Human parvovirus 4 viremia in young children, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1690-2. [PMID: 23017590 PMCID: PMC3471612 DOI: 10.3201/eid1810.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Drexler JF, Reber U, Muth D, Herzog P, Annan A, Ebach F, Sarpong N, Acquah S, Adlkofer J, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Panning M, Tannich E, May J, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Human parvovirus 4 in nasal and fecal specimens from children, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1650-3. [PMID: 23018024 PMCID: PMC3471610 DOI: 10.3201/eid1810.111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonparenteral transmission might contribute to human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) infections in sub-Saharan Africa. PARV4 DNA was detected in 8 (0.83%) of 961 nasal samples and 5 (0.53%) of 943 fecal samples from 1,904 children in Ghana. Virus concentrations ≤6–7 log10 copies/mL suggest respiratory or fecal–oral modes of PARV4 transmission.
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Külshammer M, Winke U, Frank M, Skali-Lami U, Steudel H, Schilling G, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM, Matz B. Poor immunity status against poliomyelitis in medical students: a semi-anonymous study. Med Microbiol Immunol 2012; 202:63-5. [PMID: 22692773 PMCID: PMC3562434 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-012-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of almost complete eradication, poliomyelitis continues to be a global threat even in non-endemic countries due to the ever-increasing international travel activities. Health care workers are at a special risk in acquiring pathogens from travelers returning from endemic countries. Polio vaccines are fairly well accepted throughout the German population. Yet, laboratory controls for successful immunization are carried out only sporadically in the general population, and not even the medical staff are routinely tested for polio immunity. The present study was initiated in order to assess the immunity status of young people at the very beginning of their career in clinical medicine. Within their first clinical semester, all students are supposed to undergo an obligatory health check in our Occupational Medicine Unit. A blood sample is taken and sent under a personal code to our diagnostic laboratories for virus serology, and for cryoconservation of residual serum, if available. Within the periods 2004–2006 and 2008–2010, we analyzed sera from 424 and 427 individuals, respectively, for anti-polio types 1, 2, 3 antibodies by a microneutralization assay. In the latest study period, there was a slight increase in the rate of fully protected persons: 63.9 % triple-seropositivity versus 57.1 % in the period 2004–2006. By the end of the second clinical semester, students with low or negative antibody levels (1:<10) were informed, and a (booster) vaccination was recommended.
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Moser O, Lück S, Dilloo D, Eis-Hübinger AM, Simon A. Sapovirus as a gastrointestinal pathogen in febrile pediatric patients with cancer. J Med Virol 2012; 83:2233-6. [PMID: 22012734 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human caliciviruses are the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis after rotavirus in children. Unlike norovirus, sapovirus infection is less well characterized and defined in the clinical setting of gastrointestinal disease, and there are no reports of sapovirus infections in pediatric oncology patients receiving chemotherapy treatment. Stool samples from all pediatric oncology patients presenting with fever and diarrhea at one pediatric oncology unit were tested prospectively for sapovirus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR sapovirus genogrouping was performed by nested PCR. Sapovirus was detected in 2 of 100 stool specimens prospectively sampled from 58 symptomatic pediatric oncology inpatients between December 2008 and September 2009. Both patients received low-dose chemotherapy for their underlying conditions at the time of infection with sapovirus. Genogrouping of the viruses showed the presence of a GI.1 strain and GII.3 strain, unlike the most common GI.2 strain responsible for outbreaks in different European countries. The contribution of sapovirus infection to the morbidity of pediatric cancer patients and its potential for nosocomial spread is discussed. Sapovirus, an often unrecognized pathogen, should be considered along with other viruses in pediatric cancer patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease.
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Modrow S, Wenzel JJ, Schimanski S, Schwarzbeck J, Rothe U, Oldenburg J, Jilg W, Eis-Hübinger AM. Prevalence of nucleic acid sequences specific for human parvoviruses, hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. Vox Sang 2010; 100:351-8. [PMID: 21133933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Due to their high resistance to inactivation procedures, nonenveloped viruses such as parvovirus B19, human bocavirus (HBoV), human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) pose a particular threat to blood products. Virus transmission to patients treated with blood products presents an additional burden to disease. We determined the frequency and the amount of nucleic acid specific for nonenveloped viruses in recently manufactured preparations of commercial coagulation factor concentrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS At least three different batches of each of 13 different plasma-derived and recombinant coagulation factor products were tested for the presence and the amount of nucleic acid for parvovirus B19, HBoV, human parvovirus 4, hepatitis A virus and HEV by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Whereas none of the recombinant products tested positive for any of these viruses, parvovirus B19 DNA with amounts ranging between 2×10(1) and 1.3×10(3) genome equivalents/ml was detected in five plasma-derived products. In addition to parvovirus B19 genotype 1, genotypes 2 and 3 were observed in two batches of a factor VIII/von-Willebrand factor product. In two products (one factor VIII concentrate and one activated prothrombin complex concentrate), a combination of both genotypes 1 and 2 of parvovirus B19 was detected. CONCLUSION The data show that nucleic acids from several relevant nonenveloped viruses are not found at detectable levels in coagulation factor concentrates. In some cases, parvovirus B19 DNA was detectable at low levels. Testing of the plasma pools for the full range of parvovirus genotypes is advocated for ensuring product safety.
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Panning M, Baumgarte S, Laue T, Bierbaum S, Raith S, Drexler JF, Helmer A, Falcone-Kapper V, Kochs G, Campe H, Huzly D, Eis-Hübinger AM, Drosten C. Singleplex real-time RT-PCR for detection of influenza A virus and simultaneous differentiation of A/H1N1v and evaluation of the RealStar influenza kit. J Clin Virol 2010; 50:171-4. [PMID: 21075679 PMCID: PMC7172518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel influenza A virus, subtype A/H1N1v emerged in April 2009 and caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Reliable detection and differentiation from seasonal influenza viruses is mandatory for appropriate case management as well as public health. OBJECTIVES To develop and technically validate a novel one-step real-time RT-PCR assay which can be used for influenza A virus screening and subtyping of A/H1N1v in a singleplex fashion. To assess the clinical performance of a novel commercial influenza RT-PCR kit based on the in-house version. STUDY DESIGN A real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the matrix gene of influenza A viruses was developed and validated using in vitro transcribed RNA derived from influenza A/H1N1v, A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 virus as well as plaque-quantified influenza A/H1N1v, A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 virus samples. After validation of the in-house version the commercial RealStar kit was used to assess the clinical performance and specificity on a panel of influenza viruses including A/H1N1v, A/H1N1, swine A/H1N1, A/H3N2, avian A/H5N1 as well as patient specimens. RESULTS The lower limit of detection of the in-house version was 2149, 1376 and 2994 RNA copies/ml for A/H1N1v, A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, respectively. The RealStar kit displayed 100% sensitivity and specificity and could reliably discriminate influenza A viruses from A/H1N1v. No cross reaction with swine A/H1N1 and A/H1N2 was observed with the RealStar A/H1N1v specific probe. CONCLUSION Both assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity and might assist in the diagnosis of suspected influenza cases.
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Bagci S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Yassin AF, Simon A, Bartmann P, Franz AR, Mueller A. Clinical characteristics of viral intestinal infection in preterm and term neonates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:1079-84. [PMID: 20563830 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of the viral enteric pathogens in newborn infants has not been adequately examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of viral intestinal infections in newborn infants. Clinical data of all term and preterm infants admitted to our tertiary neonatal intensive care unit from 1998 to 2007 with clinical signs of gastroenteritis (GE) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were retrospectively reviewed and compared between infants with different viral enteric pathogens in stool specimens. In 34 infants with signs of GE or NEC, enteropathogenic viruses were found in stool specimens. Rotavirus was detected in 12 cases, of which two infants had NEC. Compared with infants with rotavirus or norovirus, infants with astrovirus more frequently suffered from NEC (p<0.05). In addition, an acute systemic inflammatory response was significantly more common in patients with astrovirus infection (astrovirus vs. rotavirus and astrovirus vs. norovirus, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Of eight children infected with norovirus, one infant had a systemic acute inflammatory response and NEC. This study demonstrates that in newborn infants, intestinal rotavirus, norovirus, and astrovirus infections may be associated with severe illness such as hemorrhagic enteritis resulting in bloody diarrhea or even NEC.
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Drexler JF, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Rapid Antigen Test for Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.3201/eid1605.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Eis-Hübinger AM, Drexler JF, Reber U, Panning M, Drosten C, Weber-Schehl M, Hedges D, Baylis SA, Roth WK. Absence of detection of novel human parvoviruses in German plasma donations. Transfusion 2010; 50:266-7. [PMID: 20233349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Drexler JF, Helmer A, Kirberg H, Reber U, Panning M, Müller M, Höfling K, Matz B, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Poor clinical sensitivity of rapid antigen test for influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 15:1662-4. [PMID: 19861069 PMCID: PMC2866420 DOI: 10.3201/eid1510.091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 144 clinical samples from Bonn, Germany. A common rapid antigen-based test detected the virus in only 11.1% of these samples. The paramount feature of rapid test-positive samples was high virus concentration. Antigen-based rapid tests appear unsuitable for virologic diagnostics in the current pandemic.
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Yu CF, Peng WM, Oldenburg J, Hoch J, Bieber T, Limmer A, Hartmann G, Barchet W, Eis-Hübinger AM, Novak N. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells support Th17 cell effector function in response to TLR7 ligation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:1159-67. [PMID: 20026744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signals involved in the commitment of Th17 differentiation are of substantial interest for our understanding of antimicrobial defense mechanisms and autoimmune disorders. Various ways in which myeloid dendritic cells modulate Th17 differentiation have been identified. However, although plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are regarded as important players in antiviral/antimicrobial host defense and autoimmune diseases, a putative modulatory role of PDCs in Th17 differentiation has not yet been elucidated in detail. We demonstrated that PDCs are capable of promoting Th17 differentiation in response to TLR7 stimulation. Further, both the differentiation of Th17 cells from naive T cells and the amplification of Th17 effector functions of memory T cells are promoted by PDCs after TLR7 activation. Our data are of strong clinical relevance because TLR7 activation in PDCs might represent one of the missing links between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and contribute to the amplification of Th17-driven autoimmune disorders as well as viral host defense.
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Panning M, Eickmann M, Landt O, Monazahian M, Ölschläger S, Baumgarte S, Reischl U, Wenzel JJ, Niller HH, Günther S, Hollmann B, Huzly D, Drexler JF, Helmer A, Becker S, Matz B, Eis-Hübinger AM, Drosten C. Detection of influenza A(H1N1)v virus by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill 2009. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.36.19329-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)v virus was first identified in April 2009. A novel real-time RT-PCR for influenza A(H1N1)v virus was set up ad hoc and validated following industry-standard criteria. The lower limit of detection of the assay was 384 copies of viral RNA per ml of viral transport medium (95% confidence interval: 273-876 RNA copies/ml). Specificity was 100% as assessed on a panel of reference samples including seasonal human influenza A virus H1N1 and H3N2, highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 and porcine influenza A virus H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 samples. The real-time RT-PCR assay for the influenza A matrix gene recommended in 2007 by the World Health Organization was modified to work under the same reaction conditions as the influenza A(H1N1)v virus-specific test. Both assays were equally sensitive. Clinical applicability of both assays was demonstrated by screening of almost 2,000 suspected influenza (H1N1)v specimens, which included samples from the first cases of pandemic H1N1 influenza imported to Germany. Measuring influenza A(H1N1)v virus concentrations in 144 laboratory-confirmed samples yielded a median of 4.6 log RNA copies/ml. The new methodology proved its principle and might assist public health laboratories in the upcoming influenza pandemic.
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46
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Siebert SE, Müller A, Bartmann P, Heep A, Eis-Hübinger AM. Pränatale Parvovirus B19 Infektion als Ursache eines zerebralen Infarktes beim Neugeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Charbel Issa P, Eis-Hübinger AM, Klatt K, Holz FG, Loeffler KU. Oculoglandular syndrome associated with reactivated Epstein-Barr-virus infection. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:740, 855. [PMID: 18523078 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.132050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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48
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Schneider B, Fryer JF, Oldenburg J, Brackmann HH, Baylis SA, Eis-Hübinger AM. Frequency of contamination of coagulation factor concentrates with novel human parvovirus PARV4. Haemophilia 2008; 14:978-86. [PMID: 18565125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus, PARV4 was identified in a plasma sample from a patient presenting with symptoms resembling acute HIV infection. Further strains of PARV4 and those of a closely related variant virus, were identified in plasma pools used in the manufacture of blood derivatives. DNA sequence analysis of these strains demonstrated two distinct PARV4 genotypes. It has subsequently been proposed that transmission of PARV4 occurs by parenteral routes. To investigate the risk of contamination of plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates, we analysed 169 lots for PARV4 DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis and quantification of the viral load. Twenty-one lots, representing eight different products were administered until the beginning of the 1980s and were not virally inactivated. Two lots examined were used in 1997, and 146 lots representing 13 products had been administered between October 2000 and February 2003. PARV4 DNA was detected in 7(33%) of the formerly administered lots, in one lot used in 1997, and in 13(9%) recently used lots. PARV4 genotype 2 DNA was predominantly present in the older concentrates, whilst genotype 1 was found more frequently in recently used lots. In three lots, both PARV4 genotypes were detected. Viral loads ranged between <100 and 10(5.8) copies mL(-1) of product, with higher viral loads in the older concentrates. The results show that PARV4 contamination can be detected in an appreciable proportion of clotting factor concentrates. Further studies are needed to determine whether or not PARV4 contamination of coagulation factors causes harm to the product recipients.
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Bagci S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Simon A, Bierbaum G, Heep A, Schildgen O, Bartmann P, Franz A, Müller A. Klinik und Verlauf viraler gastrointestinaler Infektion bei Früh- und Neugeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1079019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Völz S, Schildgen O, Müller A, Tillmann RL, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kupfer B, Bode U, Lentze ML, Simon A. Das humane Bocavirus: Erreger von Atemwegsinfektionen? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2007; 132:1529-33. [PMID: 17607653 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The human Bocavirus (HBoV), the second member of the parvovirus family, which displays pathogenicity in humans, has been described in 2005 by Allander et al.. It seems to be distributed worldwide and has been isolated mainly in infants and children with respiratory tract infection. This review covers all studies published on HBoV to February 2007 and discusses this emerging viral pathogen from the perspective of inpatient medical treatment centers.
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