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Byrom M, Wise S, Liu H, Bao B, Bilek M, Weiss T, Bannon P, Ng M. Enhancement of Biocompatibility of Synthetic Vascular Grafts by Covalent Immobilisation of Recombinant Human Tropoelastin. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ali AS, Ali S, Ahmad A, Bao B, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. Expression of microRNAs: potential molecular link between obesity, diabetes and cancer. Obes Rev 2011; 12:1050-62. [PMID: 21767342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians are routinely challenged in their management of cancer patients because of the complexities of obesity and diabetes that are often found as comorbid conditions. Although attention has been given to optimizing treatment planning for these patients, less attention has been given to manage their obesity and diabetes. This suggests that newer, comprehensive approaches must be developed for the treatment of cancer patients as a 'whole' rather than as a single disease. While the specific pathologies of each are unique, years of research have indicated intimate molecular links between these chronic diseases. The contribution of sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits is recognized; however, the precise molecular links are still not well-explored. In addition, emerging evidence suggests the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development and progression of several diseases, yet their roles in linking obesity, diabetes and cancer are only now beginning to be recognized. It is hoped that miRNAs will serve as novel biomarkers and molecular targets for cancer therapy in patients with comorbid conditions. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the pathobiology of obesity, diabetes and cancer, and document molecular roles of miRNAs linking cancer with obesity and diabetes.
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Lin H, Quan C, Guo C, Zhou C, Wang Y, Bao B. Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire. Eur J Orthod 2011; 35:354-60. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjr136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cole N, Willcox MDP, Fleiszig SMJ, Stapleton F, Bao B, Tout S, Husband A. Different strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from ocular infections or inflammation display distinct corneal pathologies in an animal model. Curr Eye Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02713689808951250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang RF, Chen H, Lei CZ, Zhang CL, Lan XY, Zhang YD, Zhang HJ, Bao B, Niu H, Wang XZ. Association between Polymorphisms of MSTN and MYF5 Genes and Growth Traits in Three Chinese Cattle Breeds. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen TC, Persons KS, Zheng S, Mathieu J, Holick MF, Lee YF, Bao B, Arai MA, Kittaka A. Evaluation of C-2-substituted 19-nor-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogs as therapeutic agents for prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 103:717-20. [PMID: 17207993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is known to inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. However, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) can cause hypercalcemia and is not suitable as a therapeutic agent. 19-Nor-vitamin D derivatives are known to be less calcemic when administered systemically. In order to develop more potent anti-cancer agents with less calcemic side effect, we therefore utilized (3)H-thymidine incorporation as an index for cell proliferation and examined the antiproliferative activities of nine C-2-substituted 19-nor-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogs in the immortalized PZ-HPV-7 normal prostate cell line. Among the nine analogs we observed that the substitution with 2alpha- or 2beta-hydroxypropyl group produced two analogs having antiproliferative potency that is approximately 500- to 1000-fold higher than 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). The (3)H-thymidine incorporation data were supported by the cell counting data after cells were treated with 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3), 19-nor-2alpha-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) or 19-nor-2beta-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) for 7 days. 19-Nor-2alpha-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 19-nor-2beta-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) were also shown to be about 10-fold more active than 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in cell invasion studies using prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, a substitution at the C-2 position of 19-nor-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) molecule with a hydroxypropyl group greatly increased the antiproliferative and anti-invasion potencies. Thus, these two analogs could be developed to be effective therapeutic agents for treating early and late stages of prostate cancer.
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Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FW, Sarkar FH. Zinc activates NF-kappaB in HUT-78 cells. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 2001; 138:250-6. [PMID: 11574819 DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2001.118108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is essential for human health, and its deficiency in human beings results in growth failure, immune disorders affecting Th1 functions, decreased interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and cognitive impairment. Nearly 2000 transcription factors require zinc for their structural integrity; however, it is not known whether cellular zinc deficiency results in any change in activation of any of the transcription factors. Inasmuch as NF-kappaB binds to the promoter enhancer area of IL-2 and IL-2Ralpha genes, we investigated the effect of zinc deficiency on activation of NF-kappaB and its binding to DNA in HUT-78, a Th0 malignant human lymphoblastoid cell line. We show here for the first time that in zinc-deficient HUT-78 cells, phosphorylated IkappaB, and IKK, ubiquitinated IkappaB and binding of NF-kappaB to DNA were all significantly decreased. Zinc increased the translocation of NF-kappaB from cytosol to nucleus. We also demonstrate that the binding of recombinant NF-kappaB (p50)(2) to DNA in HUT-78 cells was zinc specific. We conclude that zinc plays an important role in the activation of NF-kappaB in HUT-78 cells.
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Manikkam M, Bao B, Rosenfeld CS, Yuan X, Salfen BE, Calder MD, Youngquist RS, Keisler DH, Lubahn DB, Garverick HA. Expression of the bovine oestrogen receptor-beta (bERbeta) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) during the first ovarian follicular wave and lack of change in the expression of bERbeta mRNA of second wave follicles after LH infusion into cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2001; 67:159-69. [PMID: 11530262 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(01)00121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, the ERbeta cDNA protein-coding region was utilised to clone bovine ERbeta. The objectives in this study were to examine (1) ERbeta mRNA expression in ovarian follicles throughout the bovine first follicular wave, and (2) effect of LH infusion into cows on bERbeta mRNA expression during the second follicular wave. In experiment 1, heifers (4-5 per time point) were ovariectomized at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 144, or 216 h after emergence of the first follicular wave after oestrus. In experiment 2, saline or LH was pulsed hourly (computer-controlled syringe pump) into cows (n = 31; 5-6 per treatment) at wave emergence for 2 or 4 days: wave 1-saline (W1S), wave 2-saline (W2S), or wave 2-LH (25 microg/h; W2LH). Ovaries were removed on day 2 or day 4 after wave emergence. Follicles, 2-19mm in size, were dissected, frozen, and stored at -80 degrees C for in situ hybridisation with two bERbeta cRNA probes. Expression of bERbeta mRNA was localised in granulosa cells of healthy follicles. In experiment 1, bERbeta mRNA expression did not change with time points of the wave showing no association of bERbeta mRNA expression with follicular selection and dominance. However, bERbeta mRNA expression decreased with increase in size of all follicles. Expression of bERbeta mRNA was greater in very small follicles (2-4 mm) than in large (> or = 9 mm) follicles. In experiment 2, expression of bERbeta mRNA in follicles did not differ either between W1S and W2S or between W2S and W2LH. In summary, bERbeta mRNA expression decreased with increasing follicular size. However, neither stage of the wave (selection or dominance), nor pulsatile infusion of LH influenced bERbeta mRNA expression.
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Zhang X, Bao B, Wang Z, Na R, Sun F, Li B. [Protective effect of total flavonoids of fructus choerospondiatis on adriamycin-induced rat cardiac peroxidation]. ZHONG YAO CAI = ZHONGYAOCAI = JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS 2001; 24:185-7. [PMID: 12587174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protection effect of total flavnoids of Fructus Choerospondiatis (TFFC) on rat cardiac muscle peroxidation in vitro and vivo. METHODS Adriamycin-induced peroxidation model on rat was adopted. Activities of LDH, AST and CK in rat's serum, activities of SOD, GSH-Px and content of MDA in rat cardiac muscle were determinated. Activity of LDH and content of MDA in cultured suckling rat cardiac cell were also determinated. RESULTS Compared with normal group, activities of LDH, AST, CK in serum and content of MDA in cardiac muscle on adriamycin group increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.001), activities of SOD, GSH-Px decreased in cardiac muscle (P < 0.001). Activity of LDH and content of MDA in cultured fluid of suckling rat cardiac cell were higher than that of normal group (P < 0.001). To various dosages TFFC groups, activity of LDH, AST, CK in serum and content of MDA in cardiac muscle decreased; activities of SOD and GSH-Px in cardiac muscle increased; activites of LDH and content of MDA in cultured fluid decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION TFFC can maintain the integrity of cytomembrane by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, namely, TFFC has an effect of protecting cardiac muscle.
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Bao B, Kumar N, Karp RM, Garverick HA, Sundaram K. Estrogen receptor-beta expression in relation to the expression of luteinizing hormone receptor and cytochrome P450 enzymes in rat ovarian follicles. Biol Reprod 2000; 63:1747-55. [PMID: 11090445 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod63.6.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mRNA expression for estrogen receptor (ER beta) in relation to mRNAs for LH receptor (LHr) and cytochrome P450 enzymes were examined in granulosa and theca cells from proestrous rat ovarian follicles. Of the 30 ovaries harvested from 15 adult rats, 24 were processed for in situ hybridization, and the remaining were used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Messenger RNAs for ER beta, LHr, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450(scc)), 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450(c17)), aromatase (P450(arom)), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) were localized in cross sections of ovaries by in situ hybridization and quantified in granulosa and theca cell layers by a computer-image analyzing system. Ovarian follicles were classified as healthy or atretic. Healthy follicles were divided into four size groups: very small (40-100 microm), small (101-275 microm), medium (276-450 microm), and large (451-850 microm). Atretic follicles were divided into medium (276-450 microm) or large follicles (451-850 microm). A low level of ER beta mRNA expression was first detected in granulosa cells of very small healthy follicles, and the expression increased progressively up to medium-sized follicles. The expression of ER beta mRNA was highest (P < 0.01) in medium-sized follicles that was followed by a decrease (P < 0.01) in large follicles. Messenger RNAs for LHr, P450(scc), and P450(arom) were first detected in granulosa cells of medium-sized healthy follicles, while mRNAs for LHr, P450(scc), P450(c17), and StAR were first detected in theca cells associated with very small follicles. The highest expression of LHr, P450(scc), P450(c17), P450(arom), and StAR was seen in granulosa and/or theca cells of large healthy follicles. In atretic follicles, level of gene expression was relatively low in both granulosa and theca cells. In conclusion, stage-specific expression of ER beta mRNA was observed in granulosa cells during follicular development. The increased expression of ER beta and a concomitant initiation of LHr, P450(scc), and P450(arom) expression in granulosa cells of medium follicles may signify a role for estrogen in follicular development. Also, a strong correlation between ER beta mRNA expression in granulosa cells, and the expression of mRNAs for LHr, P450(scc), P450(c17), and StAR in theca cells associated with growing follicles suggests a possible role for estrogen in steroidogenesis.
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Prasad AS, Fitzgerald JT, Bao B, Beck FW, Chandrasekar PH. Duration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133:245-52. [PMID: 10929163 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults and children in the United States get two to six colds per year. Evidence that zinc is effective therapy for colds is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of zinc acetate lozenges in reducing the duration of symptoms of the common cold. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan. PATIENTS 50 ambulatory volunteers recruited within 24 hours of developing symptoms of the common cold. INTERVENTION Participants took one lozenge containing 12.8 mg of zinc acetate or placebo every 2 to 3 hours while awake as long as they had cold symptoms. MEASUREMENTS Subjective symptom scores for sore throat, nasal discharge, nasal congestion, sneezing, cough, scratchy throat, hoarseness, muscle ache, fever, and headache were recorded daily for 12 days. Plasma zinc and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured on day 1 and after participants were well. RESULTS Forty-eight participants completed the study (25 in the zinc group and 23 in the placebo group). Compared with the placebo group, the zinc group had shorter mean overall duration of cold symptoms (4.5 vs. 8.1 days), cough (3.1 [95% CI, 2.1 to 4.1] vs. 6.3 [CI, 4.9 to 7.7] days), and nasal discharge (4.1 [CI, 3.3 to 4.9] vs. 5.8 [CI, 4.3 to 7.3] days) and decreased total severity scores for all symptoms (P < 0.002, test for treatment x time interaction). Mean changes in soluble interleukin-1 receptor antagonist level differed nonsignificantly between the zinc group and the placebo group (difference between changes, -89.4 pg/mL [CI, -243.6 to -64.8 pg/mL]). CONCLUSION Administration of zinc lozenges was associated with reduced duration and severity of cold symptoms, especially cough. Improvement in clinical symptoms with zinc treatment may be related to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokine levels; however, in this study, the observed differences between changes in cytokine levels in zinc and placebo recipients were not significant.
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Green JA, Xie S, Quan X, Bao B, Gan X, Mathialagan N, Beckers JF, Roberts RM. Pregnancy-associated bovine and ovine glycoproteins exhibit spatially and temporally distinct expression patterns during pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:1624-31. [PMID: 10819764 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.6.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) constitute a large family of recently duplicated genes. They show structural resemblance to pepsin and related aspartic proteinases. A total of 21 bovine (bo) PAG and 9 ovine (ov) PAG cDNA have been identified. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PAG are divided into two main groupings that accurately reflect their tissue expression, as determined by in situ hybridization. In the first pattern, represented by ovPAG-2 and boPAG-2, -8, -10, and -11 (where the numbering is arbitrary and reflects order of discovery within species), expression occurred throughout the outer epithelial layer of the placenta (trophectoderm). The second pattern was predominant localization to binucleate cells. Ribonuclease protection assays, which allow discrimination between closely related transcripts, have shown that the expression of PAG varies in a temporal manner over pregnancy. Of those bovine PAG expressed predominantly in binucleate cells, boPAG-1, -6, and -7 are expressed weakly, if at all, by Day 25 placenta, but are present at the middle and end of pregnancy. Others, such as boPAG-4, -5, and -9, are expressed at Day 25 and at earlier stages. Although not among the earliest PAG produced by the trophoblast, boPAG-1 has been used for pregnancy diagnosis, particularly in dairy cows, where there is a major need for a sensitive method capable of detecting pregnancy within 1 mo of conception. It seems likely that some of the newly discovered PAG will be better candidates than PAG-1 for pregnancy diagnosis.
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Calder MD, Salfen BE, Bao B, Youngquist RS, Garverick HA. Administration of progesterone to cows with ovarian follicular cysts results in a reduction in mean LH and LH pulse frequency and initiates ovulatory follicular growth. J Anim Sci 1999; 77:3037-42. [PMID: 10568475 DOI: 10.2527/1999.77113037x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cows with ovarian follicular cysts were treated with progesterone to determine whether a reduction in LH concentrations and initiation of ovulatory follicular waves would occur. Cysts were diagnosed using transrectal ultrasonography when single follicular structures > 20 mm or multiple structures > 15 mm in diameter were present for 7 d in the presence of low progesterone concentrations. Three groups were studied: 1) cows with normal estrous cycles (CYC, n = 8); 2) cows with untreated cysts (CYST, n = 7); and 3) cows with cysts treated with two progesterone-releasing intravaginal devices (PRID, n = 8) for 9 d. Ovaries were examined with transrectal ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected daily for analysis of progesterone and FSH. Serial blood samples for determination of mean LH and LH pulse frequency were collected on d 0 (CYST and PRID cows only), 1, 5, 9, and 10. Progesterone concentrations were higher in PRID cows than in CYST cows throughout the PRID treatment period (P < .002). On d 0, LH pulse frequency was similar (P = .10) in PRID (6.6+/-.6 pulses/8 h) and CYST cows (5.1+/-.6 pulses/8 h), but mean LH tended to be higher (P = .054) on d 0 in PRID cows (2.5+/-.2 ng/mL) than in CYST cows (1.9+/-.2 ng/mL). Mean LH and LH pulse frequency decreased (P < .002) by d 1 in PRID cows (1.1+/-.2 ng/mL, 1.8+/-.6 pulses/8 h) compared with CYST cows (2.1+/-.2 ng/mL, 5.6+/-.6 pulses/8 h) and remained lower throughout most of the experimental period. The FSH concentrations were higher (P < .01) in PRID cows than in CYC and CYST cows on d 3 and 4. The increase in FSH concentrations preceded emergence of the PRID-induced follicular wave. All PRID cows and four of seven CYST cows initiated new follicular waves during the period of PRID treatment. Follicular waves were initiated later (P < .05) in CYST cows (d 5.2+/-1.7) and PRID cows (d 5.5+/-.6) than in CYC cows (d 1.8+/-.3). Cysts were smaller (P < .01) at the end of the treatment period in PRID cows compared with CYST cows. No CYST cows ovulated, but all PRID cows ovulated newly developed follicles 3 or 4 d after PRID removal. Treatment with exogenous progesterone reduced LH in cows with cysts, and this was followed by development of normal ovulatory follicles.
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Salfen BE, Cresswell JR, Xu ZZ, Bao B, Garverick HA. Effects of the presence of a dominant follicle and exogenous oestradiol on the duration of the luteal phase of the bovine oestrous cycle. JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 1999; 115:15-21. [PMID: 10341718 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1150015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a developing dominant follicle may be a factor in the control of the luteolytic cascade mechanism and the number of follicular waves during the bovine oestrous cycle. In this study, ovaries of all animals were examined once a day by transrectal ultrasonography. It was expected that heifers (n = 18) would have two follicular waves if the second wave occurred later than day 10 after oestrus (Expt 1) and that cows (n = 14) would have three waves if the second wave occurred on or before day 10 (Expt 2). The objective of Expt 1 was to determine if absence of a large follicle late in the luteal phase delays luteal regression in heifers that are expected to have two follicular waves. Nine heifers were injected i.v. with 10 ml charcoal-treated bovine follicular fluid three times a day for 4 days, starting on the day after initiation of the second follicular wave, to delay growth of the second wave dominant follicle. Nine heifers were injected with 0.9% NaCl as controls. The duration of the luteal phase (calculated as the number of days that serum progesterone was > 0.5 ng ml-1) was greater (P < 0.01) in the follicular fluid-treated group compared with the controls (18.7 versus 14.1 days). FSH and follicular growth were suppressed during the period of injection of follicular fluid (P < 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). The objective of Expt 2 was to determine the effect of increased oestradiol on the duration of the luteal phase in cows that were expected to have three follicular waves. Seven cows were injected i.m. three times a day for 4 days with 1 ml oestradiol (100 micrograms ml-1 in corn oil) and seven cows were similarly injected three times a day with 1 ml 0.9% NaCl (control) starting the day after cessation of growth of the second wave dominant follicle. Luteal phase duration was shorter in oestradiol-treated animals than in the controls (14.0 versus 19.0 days; P < 0.04). Serum oestradiol concentrations were higher in the oestradiol-treated group during the period of injection (P < 0.01). In summary, luteolysis was delayed when follicular growth was suppressed with follicular fluid (Expt 1). Exogenous oestradiol administration during the development of uterine oestradiol responsiveness initiated luteolysis earlier compared with control animals (Expt 2).
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Bao B, Calder MD, Xie S, Smith MF, Salfen BE, Youngquist RS, Garverick HA. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein messenger ribonucleic acid is limited to theca of healthy bovine follicles collected during recruitment, selection, and dominance of follicles of the first follicular wave. Biol Reprod 1998; 59:953-9. [PMID: 9746748 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod59.4.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of mRNA encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in bovine follicles during recruitment and selection was examined. Dairy heifers (4-5/time period) were ovariectomized at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, or 96 h after initiation of the first follicular wave (Time 0) after estrus. Follicles were collected and stored at -80 degrees C until sectioning. Expression of StAR mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization and quantified by image analysis. Expression of StAR mRNA was first detected in theca interna of antral follicles as small as 0.5 mm in diameter and increased with increasing follicular size (>/= 4 mm; r = 0.75; p < 0.001). StAR mRNA was undetectable in granulosa of healthy follicles at any size or stage of follicular wave examined. However, granulosa or luteinized granulosa of some advanced or late atretic follicles expressed StAR mRNA. During recruitment, StAR mRNA expression in theca cells was similar among recruited follicles (4-8 mm). During selection of dominant follicles (36-48 h), StAR mRNA was expressed in theca of more than one follicle (7-9 mm); therefore, expression of StAR mRNA may not be associated with dominant follicle selection. StAR mRNA in theca was higher (p < 0.05) at 48 h after initiation of the first follicular wave than at 12, 24, and 36 h, and it remained elevated thereafter through 96 h. Dominant follicles expressed more (p < 0.01) StAR mRNA in theca than did subordinate healthy follicles. Healthy follicles expressed higher (p < 0.05) StAR mRNA in theca than atretic follicles. In summary, levels of StAR mRNA increased in theca with stage of follicular wave and size of follicles. Follicular atresia was associated with reduced expression of StAR mRNA in theca cells. The results indicate that expression of StAR mRNA in theca may not be the primary limiting factor for follicular recruitment and selection.
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Gentry PC, Smith GW, Leighr DR, Bao B, Smith MF. Ontogeny of stem cell factor receptor (c-kit) messenger ribonucleic acid in the ovine corpus luteum. Biol Reprod 1998; 59:983-90. [PMID: 9746752 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod59.4.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) is a pleiotropic growth factor that is expressed by the ovine corpus luteum throughout its life span by both small and large steroidogenic cells. Determination of the action of SCF, however, requires localization of its receptor, c-kit; therefore, the objectives of the present study were to identify and localize c-kit within corpora lutea. Two cDNAs encoding different portions of the c-kit molecule were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The first was a 558-base pair (bp) cDNA encoding portions of the transmembrane and tyrosine kinase domains; the second was a 632-bp cDNA encoding most of the ligand-binding domain. Expression of c-kit was quantified by RNase protection assay of total cellular RNA collected on Days 3, 7, 10, 13, and 16 (n = 4, 4, 5, 4, and 4 per group, respectively) of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = estrus). The level of c-kit mRNA was low early in the luteal phase, reached (p < 0.05) maximum levels on Day 13, and then decreased (p < 0.01) on Day 16. On Day 3 (n = 4), c-kit was expressed in a cell-specific manner throughout the corpus luteum; identity of the specific cell types expressing c-kit could not be determined at this stage. On Day 14 (n = 4), c-kit did not appear to be expressed within large luteal cells but was prominently expressed in cells that surrounded large luteal cells and that possessed the morphological characteristics of small luteal cells and endothelial cells. Given the temporal regulation of c-kit expression within the corpus luteum, these data suggest that luteal SCF may act locally.
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Cole N, Willcox MD, Fleiszig SM, Stapleton F, Bao B, Tout S, Husband A. Different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from ocular infections or inflammation display distinct corneal pathologies in an animal model. Curr Eye Res 1998; 17:730-5. [PMID: 9678419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present investigation sought to define the responses of mouse eyes to challenge with three different strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from human corneas or contact lenses: two different strains produced an ulcerative keratitis, and one strain produced contact lens-induced acute red eye (CLARE). METHODS The corneas of BALB/c mice were inoculated with three different strains of P aeruginosa. The strains were allowed to interact with the corneas for up to 24 h. In addition, strain Paerl, isolated from CLARE, was subjected to in vitro assays to measure its ability to invade corneal epithelial cells, or to produce cytotoxicity in these cells. Both these assays used cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells. RESULTS Both MK isolates were able to infect the corneas of mice, but the CLARE isolate was non-infective. The predominant response to infection with the cytotoxic strain was severe corneal edema and infiltration of the corneal stroma with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The predominant response with the invasive MK isolate was corneal ulceration and infiltration with PMNs. The CLARE strain produced only low levels of PMN infiltration. In in vitro assays the CLARE strain was non-invasive and non-cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified that P. aeruginosa produces at least three different types of corneal pathology and that not all strains are able to infect mouse corneas.
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Bao B, Garverick HA. Expression of steroidogenic enzyme and gonadotropin receptor genes in bovine follicles during ovarian follicular waves: a review. J Anim Sci 1998; 76:1903-21. [PMID: 9690647 DOI: 10.2527/1998.7671903x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicular development in cattle is characterized by waves of growth during the prepubertal and postpartum periods and during estrous cycles. Each wave of follicular growth is characterized by recruitment of a cohort of follicles 4 to 5 mm in diameter. From the cohort, one follicle is selected for continued growth and becomes dominant. If luteolysis occurs during the growth phase of dominant follicles, final maturation and ovulation occurs. If luteolysis does not occur during the growing and maintenance phase of follicles, the fate is atresia. Changes in mRNA expression for the gonadotropin receptors (FSHr and LHr), key steroidogenic enzymes (cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage [P450scc], cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase-[P450c17], cytochrome P450 aromatase [P450arom], and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3beta-HSD]), and growth factors (IGF-I and -II) and their binding proteins (IGFBP) have been associated with different stages of follicular growth and atresia. In general, expression of mRNA for the gonadotropin receptors, steroidogenic enzymes, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) increase with progressive follicular development and is highest when dominant follicles approach maximum size. Expression of mRNA declines rapidly and becomes low or undetectable in atretic follicles. The IGF-I (granulosal cells) and IGF-II (thecal cells) are increased, whereas IGFBP-2 (granulosal cells) is reduced, in dominant follicles. Recruitment of a cohort of follicles is associated with initiation of expression of mRNA for P450scc and P450arom in granulosal cells. Selection of dominant follicles is associated with expression of mRNA for LHr and 3beta-HSD in granulosal cells. Thus, changes in gene expression likely are important to recruitment, selection, dominance, and atresia in ovarian follicles.
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Bao B, Yu S, Cai Y, Tan J. [Facial soft tissue features analysis of normal Han race adults in Guangdong Province using computer-assisted-photogrammetric-system]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1998; 16:172-5. [PMID: 12214429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Facial soft tissue profile features of 150 normal native adults of Guangdong Province were analysed using computer-assisted-photogrammetric-system, which contained parameters written by polar coordinate. The results indicated that normal native adults of Guangdong Han race showed sex and region difference in features of facial profile soft tissue, and those parameters written by polar coordinate were helpful in the further study and clinical therapy.
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Yuan W, Bao B, Garverick HA, Youngquist RS, Lucy MC. Follicular dominance in cattle is associated with divergent patterns of ovarian gene expression for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding protein-2 in dominant and subordinate follicles. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1998; 15:55-63. [PMID: 9437585 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(97)00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A decrease in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (BP) amount occurs within the follicular fluid of dominant ovarian follicles. At the same time, concentrations of follicular fluid IGF-I do not change. The mRNA for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3, in dominant and subordinate follicles were measured to determine if changes in IGF or IGFBP gene expression are associated with follicular dominance. Heifers were ovariectomized during a follicular wave, either during early-dominance (emerging dominant follicle, 9 mm diameter) or mid-dominance (established dominant follicle, 14-16 mm diameter). Follicles were classified as either dominant (DF), subordinate (SF), or not-recruited (NRF; small antral follicles). mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization and measured by image analyses. The IGF-I mRNA (granulosa cells) was greatest in DF and increased in DF, SF, and NRF from early- to mid-dominance. Likewise, IGF-II mRNA (theca cells) was greatest in DF compared with SF or NRF. The IGFBP-2 mRNA (granulosa cells), however, was nearly undetectable in DF, whereas adjacent SF expressed abundant IGFBP-2 mRNA. The NRF were not uniform in their IGFBP-2 expression because only 5 of 13 NRF had IGFBP-2 mRNA. The IGFBP-3 mRNA (granulosa cells) was found only in two NRF, suggesting that local synthesis is not a predominant source of follicular fluid IGFBP-3. These data show that changes in gene expression for IGFBP-2 are opposite to those for IGF-I or IGF-II. Increased IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA and decreased IGFBP-2 mRNA within the DF may be one mechanism leading to follicular dominance. The opposite pattern of IGFBP-2 gene expression in SF and some NRF may lead to follicular atresia.
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Bao B, Thomas MG, Williams GL. Regulatory roles of high-density and low-density lipoproteins in cellular proliferation and secretion of progesterone and insulin-like growth factor I by enriched cultures of bovine small and large luteal cells. J Anim Sci 1997; 75:3235-45. [PMID: 9419998 DOI: 10.2527/1997.75123235x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that bovine high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins differentially influence cellular proliferation and progesterone and IGF-I production by bovine small and large luteal cells. Unit gravity sedimentation was used to produce enriched cultures of small (> 95% pure) and large (75 to 90% pure) luteal cells from corpora lutea (CL) on d 4 and 10 of the estrous cycle. Addition of LDL, HDL, or both resulted in the maintenance of higher (P < .05) numbers of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)-positive small and large cells in culture and produced a marked proliferation of 3beta-HSD-negative small luteal cells compared to control medium. Low-density lipoprotein and HDL each stimulated greater (P < .01) progesterone secretion in enriched large cell cultures on both days of the cycle, and by small luteal cells on d 10, compared to the control. Together, LDL and HDL maximized this response. Lipoproteins markedly stimulated (P < .01) the secretion of IGF-I by bovine large luteal cells, and secretion was greater (P < .05) by cells from d 10 CL compared to d 4 CL. Results suggest that the actions of lipoproteins in bovine luteal cells extend beyond their widely recognized roles in steroidogenesis and include remarkable effects on cellular proliferation and IGF-I secretion. Type of lipoprotein (LDL vs HDL) did not have differential effects on any of the variables measured.
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Xie S, Green J, Bao B, Beckers JF, Valdez KE, Hakami L, Roberts RM. Multiple pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are secreted by day 100 ovine placental tissue. Biol Reprod 1997; 57:1384-93. [PMID: 9408244 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod57.6.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG)-1 (PAG1) and pregnancy-specific protein B are either identical or closely related antigens released by trophoblast binucleate cells of placentas of cattle. Sheep and other ruminants produce similar products. There is evidence, however, that these antigens, which are related structurally to the pepsinogens and other aspartic proteinases, are not single gene products but members of an extensive family. Here, the sequential use of ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose blue, anion-exchange, and cation-exchange chromatographies, as well as isoelectric elution from a Mono P column, has allowed several PAG1-related molecules to be purified from the medium after culture of explants from Day 100 sheep placentas. Each of these PAGs cross-reacted to a varying extent with a panel of three different anti-PAG1 antisera. Four of them, all of which were major secretory products of the placenta, were subjected to amino-terminal microsequencing. Although each was related to ovine (ov) PAG1, none was identical. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was then used to amplify PAG1-related cDNA from Day 100 placental RNA. Seven novel full-length cDNA, all distinct from ovPAG1, were identified from 25 cDNA selected for sequencing. Only two of these (ovPAG3 and ovPAG7) encoded polypeptides identical in sequence at their inferred amino termini to one of the PAGs (ovPAG65) purified from explant cultures. Even so, they were only 84% identical in overall sequence. The remaining five cDNA were unique. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that expression of ovPAG3 and ovPAG7, like that of ovPAG1, is confined to trophoblast binucleate cells. The data confirm that at Day 100 of pregnancy the ovine placenta produces many different PAGs, which differ considerably in sequence and immunological cross-reactivity.
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Thomas MG, Bao B, Williams GL. Dietary fats varying in their fatty acid composition differentially influence follicular growth in cows fed isoenergetic diets. J Anim Sci 1997; 75:2512-9. [PMID: 9303470 DOI: 10.2527/1997.7592512x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The working hypothesis was that dietary fats differing in fatty acid composition would differentially influence ovarian follicular growth. Cows (n = 27) were fed isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and isofibrous diets containing no added fat (control; CT, n = 7) or diets supplemented with fats containing primarily saturated (SAT, n = 7), polyunsaturated (PU, n = 7), or highly polyunsaturated (HPU, n = 6) fatty acids. Coincident changes in serum lipid metabolites, insulin, and GH and the concentration of IGF-I in large and medium-sized follicles also were examined. Body weights and body condition scores remained similar for all groups throughout the study. Polyunsaturated fat increased (diet x day, P = .06) the number of medium-sized follicles on d 5 through 9 of a synchronized estrous cycle within 3 wk of onset of feeding and maximized (P < .001) this to a fourfold difference at ovariectomy after 7 wk. Fats with predominantly SAT and HPU tended (P < .10) to produce these effects after 7 wk. All fat-supplemented diets increased serum concentrations of total cholesterol (P < .05), GH (P < .05), and follicular fluid IGF-I in large follicles (P < .065) compared to CT but differentially influenced serum concentrations of insulin. Polyunsaturated fat stimulated a marked increase (P < .001) in serum insulin relative to controls within 3 wk, whereas SAT and HPU increased (P < .05) serum insulin only after 6 to 7 wk. We conclude that consumption of PU fatty acids stimulates a greater rate of ovarian follicular growth in cattle compared to CT, AT, and HPU. Future research should investigate the potential role of insulin in mediating PU effects on follicular growth.
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Bao B, Yu S, Tan J. [The development and application of computer assisted photogrammetric-system of facial soft tissue running under multiple facilities for taking image]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1997; 15:263-5. [PMID: 11480017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The photogrammetric-system was developed by using multimedia computer, colour television camera, SE100 video blaster, Newsketch 1212 HR digitizer and by using Visual Basic language. It ran under Windows 3.1 and Windows 95. The features of this system: 1. It had three kinds of functions: photogrammetric function for frontal and profile facial soft tissue, function for managing file and function for forming dynamic data base. 2. It ran under different facilities for taking image (television camera with video blaster, digitizer, scanner) speedily and specificly, and had very friendly interface, and was of multimedia. The application of this system: 1. assisting diagnosing, making plan for treatment and observing results of treatment in clinic of orthodontics, orthopedics and facial plastics, 2. assisting analysing the features of facial soft tissue about certain people, 3. assisting the multimedia teaching.
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Bao B, Yu S, Cai Y, Tan J. [The analysis of frontal facial soft tissue of normal native adult of han race of Guangdong province by using the computer assisted photogrammetric-system]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1997; 15:266-8, 275. [PMID: 11480018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The authors analysed the feature of frontal facial soft tissue of 150 native adults of Guangdong province by using the computer assisted photogrammetric-system made by the authors, which contained several new mode parameters planed by the authors. THE RESULTS 1. The mean measurements of six parameters (Sn-Mes, Gs-Mes, Exr-Exl, Enr-Enl. [symbol: see text]Zyr-Rc-Mes, [symbol: see text]Zyl-Lc-Mes.) of the male subjects were larger than those of the female subjects, and the mean measurements of two parameters (Zyr-Zyl/Gs-Mes, Rc-Lc/Gs-Mes) of the male subjects were smaller than the ones of the female subjects. 2. The four measurements (Tr-Mes, Gs-Sn, Zyr-Zyl, Chr-Chl) in both male and female subjects of Guangdong province were smaller than the ones of Sichuan and Shandong provinces, and one measurement (Tr-Gs) of Guangdong male subjects was also smaller than the one of Sichuan or Shandong province, and one measurement of Guangdong female subjects smaller than the one of Shandong province. The conclusions: 1. The normal native adults of han race of Guangdong province show sex-difference and region-difference in the feature of frontal facial soft tissue. 2. The new-mode parameters (such as: [symbol: see text]Zyr-RC-Mes, [symbol: see text]Zyl-Lc-Mes, Zyr-Zyl/Gs-Mes, Rc-Lc/Gs-Mes) are helpful in studying the feature of frontal facial soft tissue.
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