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Lagier A, Legou T, Galant C, Hadj M, Giovanni A, Fakhry N. [Study of tongue pressure on the hard palate during exercises of swallowing rehabilitation]. REVUE DE LARYNGOLOGIE - OTOLOGIE - RHINOLOGIE 2014; 135:83-86. [PMID: 26521346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exercises performed during the reeducation of swallowing seek to improve forces of propulsion of the bolus and airway protection during the course of swallowing. The objective of this study was to objectify the effect of pronunciation praxis of posterior phonemes /aka/ and /akra/, and swallowing maneuvers (super-supraglottic swallow with or without superimposed effort swallowing effort) on the time of the oral swallowing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. They are called "experts" because they have a good knowledge of physiology and rehabilitation of swallowing. The dynamic palatography setup measured continuously the different pressures from the tongue on the hard palate through three force sensors arranged in a sagittal plane during the implementation of articulatory and swallowing tasks. RESULTS Articulatory praxis created significant pressure on the posterior sensor for 2 of the 4 subjects. All the swallowing maneuvers increased the contact pressure and the contact duration compared to the control swallowing for the anterior and posterior pressure sensor. A large inter-individual variability was found. CONCLUSION The complexity of instruction, the inter-individual variability in their performance, and the non-invasive nature of the instrument make the dynamic palatography a potentially useful tool in routine practice of swallowing reeducation.
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Vanhaudenarde V, Duck L, Mazzeo F, Graux C, Jamar F, Coche E, Galant C, Machiels JP. Unusual cause of severe anaemia in a patient with metastatic haemangiopericytoma. Acta Clin Belg 2013; 68:120-3. [PMID: 23967721 DOI: 10.2143/acb.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor of vascular origin. We report the case of patient with severe refractory anaemia due to peripheral destruction of red blood cells by spleen metastases. Anaemia was successfully treated by splenectomy. Afterwards, our patient developed liver and lung metastases and was treated, in a clinical trial, with gefitinib that stabilised the disease during nine years. These interesting features are discussed.
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Metzger-Filho O, Michiels S, Bertucci F, Catteau A, Salgado R, Galant C, Fumagalli D, Singhal SK, Desmedt C, Ignatiadis M, Haussy S, Finetti P, Birnbaum D, Saini KS, Berlière M, Veys I, de Azambuja E, Bozovic I, Peyro-Saint-Paul H, Larsimont D, Piccart M, Sotiriou C. Genomic grade adds prognostic value in invasive lobular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:377-384. [PMID: 23028037 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of histologic grade (HG) in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) remains uncertain, and most ILC tumors are graded as HG2. Genomic grade (GG) is a 97-gene signature that improves the prognostic value of HG. This study evaluates whether GG may overcome the limitations of HG in ILC. METHODS Gene expression data were generated from frozen tumor samples, and GG calculated according to the expression of 97 genes. The prognostic value of GG was assessed in a stratified Cox regression model for invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 166 patients were classified by GG. HG classified 33 (20%) tumors as HG1, 120 (73%) as HG2 and 12 (7%) as HG3. GG classified 106 (64%) tumors as GG low (GG1), 29 (17%) as GG high (GG3) and 31 (19%) as equivocal (cases not classified as GG1 or GG3). The median follow-up time was 6.5 years. In multivariate analyses, GG was associated with IDFS [HR(GG3 vs GG1) 5.6 (2.1-15.3); P < 0.001] and OS [HR(GG3 vs GG1) 7.2, 95% CI (1.6-32.2); P = 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS GG outperformed HG in ILC and added prognostic value to classic clinicopathologic variables, including nodal status.
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Desmedt C, Metzger O, Fumagalli D, Brown D, Singhal S, Vincent D, Adnet PY, Smeets D, Bertucci F, Galant C, Salgado R, Veys I, Saini K, Pruneri G, Krop I, Winer E, Michiels S, Piccart M, Lambrechts D, Larsimont D, Viale G, Sotiriou C. Abstract P3-05-03: Characterization of PIK3CA mutations in lobular breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p3-05-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common breast cancer (BC) histotype, after invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), representing ∼10-15% of the global BC population. The vast majority of ILC are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive. PIK3CA has been reported to be the most frequently mutated gene in ER-positive BC. However, until now PIK3CA mutations have mainly been described in IDC. In this study, we sought to characterize the type, prevalence, intra-patient (pt) mutational heterogeneity, and the association with transcriptomic phenotype and clinical outcome of PIK3CA mutations in ILC.
Methods: Gene expression data (HG-U133 Plus2.0) was generated from frozen samples of 116 ILC (primary tumors). For the same series, PIK3CA mutation profiling (Sequenom) was performed on at least 2 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of the primary tumor for 102 cases, and on the only available block for the remaining 14 cases. Matched local recurrence (LR) and multiple metastatic (M) samples were also characterized for 3 and 8 pts respectively. For the transcriptomic and survival analyses, we evaluated the association between PIK3CA mutation status and gene signatures recapitulating important biological processes, and invasive disease-free & overall survival, respectively.
Results: PIK3CA mutations were detected in the primary tumor of 40/116 (35%) ILC pts: 14 (35%) mutations in the helical domain and 25 (62.5%) in the kinase domain. PIK3CA analysis in different blocks from the same primary tumors revealed a mutational heterogeneity in 7/102 (7%) cases. There was a discordance between primary and LR samples in 1/3 patients with LR, with a mutation reported in the primary but in not the LR. In 3/8 pts for which M samples were available, we observed intra-pt heterogeneity. In the first pt, a mutation in the kinase domain was reported only in 1/2 investigated blocks from the primary tumor, and in only 1/2 liver Ms. In the second pt, a mutation in the helical domain was found in the primary tumor and in the LR but not in the pleura M. In the third pt, although no mutation was observed in the primary tumor, a mutation in the helical domain was found in the M of the epiploon, but not in the Ms from the diaphragm or the ovary. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that primary tumors with a PIK3CA mutation in the helical domain were associated with increased levels of 2 stroma signatures (Bonferroni p-val: PLAU sign -Desmedt 2008–0.042 and DCN sign- Farmer 2009 – 0.048) compared to tumors without mutation. The survival analyses did not reveal any significant difference in survival between pts with and without a PIK3CA mutation.
Conclusions: This study represents the largest series described so far which investigated PIK3CA mutations in ILC. The incidence of PIK3CA mutations reported here is similar to the one reported for IDC. The investigation of multiple tumor samples per pt revealed intra-tumor as well as primary/recurrence heterogeneity. To get a definitive answer on the prognostic role of PIK3CA mutation in ILC, we are currently performing a PIK3CA mutation profiling study (Sequenom) on a series of ∼1000 consecutive ILC with long-term follow up (Iorfida et al. 2012); results will be available by SABCS2012.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-03.
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Leconte I, Abraham C, Galant C, Sy M, Berlière M, Fellah L. Fibroadenoma: Can fine needle aspiration biopsy avoid short term follow-up? Diagn Interv Imaging 2012; 93:750-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Revis J, Galant C, Fredouille C, Ghio A, Giovanni A. Influence of phonetic context on the dysphonic event: contribution of new methodologies for the analysis of pathological voice. REVUE DE LARYNGOLOGIE - OTOLOGIE - RHINOLOGIE 2012; 133:33-40. [PMID: 23074823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Widely studied in terms of perception, acoustics or aerodynamics, dysphonia stays nevertheless a speech phenomenon, closely related to the phonetic composition of the message conveyed by the voice. In this paper, we present a series of three works with the aim to understand the implications of the phonetic manifestation of dysphonia. Our first study proposes a new approach to the perceptual analysis of dysphonia (the phonetic labeling), which principle is to listen and evaluate each phoneme in a sentence separately. This study confirms the hypothesis of Laver that the dysphonia is not a constant noise added to the speech signal, but a discontinuous phenomenon, occurring on certain phonemes, based on the phonetic context. However, the burden of executing the task has led us to look to the techniques of automatic speaker recognition (ASR) to automate the procedure. With the collaboration of the LIA, we have developed a system for automatic classification of dysphonia from the techniques of ASR. This is the subject of our second study. The first results obtained with this system suggest that the unvoiced consonants show predominant performance in the task of automatic classification of dysphonia. This result is surprising since it is often assumed that dysphonia occurs only on laryngeal vibration. We started looking for explanations of this phenomenon and we present our assumptions and experiences in the third work we present.
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Metzger O, Singhal SK, Michiels S, Ignatiadis M, Bertucci F, Galant C, Larsimont D, Salgado R, Veys I, Fumagalli D, Saini KS, Piccart M, Sotiriou C. P1-02-05: Invasive Lobular Carcinoma – A Luminal Breast Cancer Histotype Enriched for Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Features. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p1-02-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represent the second most common breast cancer (BC) histotype, but little information is available about its molecular features. We sought to perform a comprehensive molecular classification of ILC and to investigate the molecular features that can differentiate ILC from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
Methods: A consecutive series of 174 ILC tumors from three different centers with mininum 5-year follow-up was selected. Gene expression data were generated using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Data were analyzed by using frozen robust multiarray analysis (Matthew et al. 2009). ILC tumors were classified into BC molecular subtypes using the PAM50 classifier. Invasive Disease Free Survival (IDFS) was defined as the interval between the date of surgery and the date of any invasive recurrence or death. Multivariate analyses for 10-y IDFS containing classical clinico-pathologic characteristics were performed for different gene signatures, which were scaled so that 2.5 and 97.5% percentiles equal −1 and 1. A cohort of 90 IDC tumor samples, normalised with the same method, was used to compare expression data between ILC and IDC.
Results: ILCs were mainly characterized as luminal A (LA: 76%, n=133) and luminal B (LB:; 20%, n=34) followed by a minority of HER2−positive (2%, n=3), basal (1%, n=2) and normal-like (1%, n=2) based on Perou's classification. LB had inferior 10-y IDFS than LA in univariate cox regression analysis (HR = 1.99, 95% CI, 1.08−3.67, p=0.026). The EMT gene module was significantly higher expressed in ILC as compared to IDC (p < 0.001). Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for different gene modules investigated are detailed in the table below.
Conclusions: ILC is mainly composed of luminal tumors and a minority of HER2−positive tumors. Similarly to IDC, proliferation remains a statistically significant prognostic factor for ILC. ILC tumors were enriched with an EMT phenotype, which is not observed among IDC luminals. Of interest IGF signaling, which is known to be associated with poor prognosis in ER-positive BC, added prognostic value in this population which may open new therapeutics avenues for ILC.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-05.
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Weynand B, Borbath I, Galant C, Piessevaux H, Deprez PH. Optimizing specimen collection and laboratory procedures reduces the non-diagnostic rate for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid lesions of the pancreas. Cytopathology 2011; 24:177-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Fumagalli D, Metzger O, Veys I, Catteau A, Michiels S, Sandy H, Salgado R, Singhal SK, Saini KV, Galant C, Galland N, Bertucci F, Peyro Saint Paul HP, Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Sotiriou C, Larsimont D. Use of genomic grade index to improve tumor grading of invasive lobular breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gutierrez-Roelens I, Galant C, Theate I, Lories RJ, Durez P, Nzeusseu-Toukap A, Van den Eynde B, Houssiau FA, Lauwerys BR. Rituximab treatment induces the expression of genes involved in healing processes in the rheumatoid arthritis synovium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1246-54. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Berliere M, Dalenc F, Piquard N, Leconte I, Fellah L, Baurain JF, Galant C, Duhoux F, Machiels JP. Abstract P5-11-13: Tamoxifen and Ovarian Function. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p5-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: to study and compare ovarian function (clinical and biological data) among premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen alone (group I) or tamoxifen following chemotherapy (group II), because some studies suggest that amenorrhea is an insufficient parameter to define menopausal status.
Material and methods: between 1999 and 2003, 138 premenopausal patients, treated for early breast cancer, were included: 68 patients in the group of tamoxifen alone and 70 patients in de group of tamoxifen administered after chemotherapy (6 cycles of FEC 100 on day 1 every 3 weeks -5 fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, epirubicin 100 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2- or 4 cycles of EC on day 1 every 3 weeks -epiadriamycine 75 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2-). All patients had a confirmed premenopausal status (biological data) at the entry of the study. The median age in group I was 44.5 (36 to 48) and 42 in group II (35 to 47.5). In group I, all were stage I and in group II, 34 were stage I and 36 were stage II. They were followed prospectively every 3 months for 3 years: date about menses, physical examination and blood tests (LH, FSH, 17-bêta-estradiol). Vaginal echography was added every 6 months. After 3 years, prospective evaluation was closed. Retrospective evaluation of all data was performed in 2009.
Results: three patients were out of study in the group I and 2 were out of study in the group II. According to clinical data, patients were devided in 4 subgroups:
a: regular menses (≥10 cycles/year) b: spaniomenorrhea (5 to 9 cycles/year) c: severe spaniomenorrhea (1 to 4 cycles/year) d: complete amenorrhea.
The number of patients in each subgroup is respectively:
- For group I (65 patients): 3 (4%), 19 (29%), 38 (58%) and 5 (8%).
- For group II (68 patients): 2 (3%), 21 (30%), 38 (55%) and 7 (10%). The most interesting parameter to be studied wass the estradiol levels.
Median values of estrogen levels
For patients of subgroup a, tamoxifen mimicked an ovulatory cycle such as observed in patients receiving citrate of clomifen. For patients of subgroup b, the variations corresponded to nearly a normal ovulatory cycle. For patients of subgroups c and d, tamoxifen induced low levels of estradiol, LH and FSH, and very few variations. Estrogen levels did not to seem have an impact on disease free survival rate after 3 years of follow-up (100% in group I and 98.6% in group II and after 5 years (98.5% and 97%). In the two groups I and II, estrogen levels from patients of subgroups a and b were significantly higher than in subgroups c and d (p < 0.001). Conclusion: amenorrhea is an insufficient parameter to define menopausal status of patients receiving tamoxifen. Low estradiol level must be coupled to other biological parameters to characterize endocrine status. These data are very important in the choice of endocrine therapy.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-13.
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Weynand B, Delvenne P, Polet R, Guiot Y, Arafa M, Somja J, Galant C. Validation of ThermoFisher's Papspin for human papillomavirus detection in cervicovaginal specimens using PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers and the Hybrid Capture II assay. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:671-5. [PMID: 19689463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to validate ThermoFisher's (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Runcorn, Cheshire, UK) Papspin (PS) for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing by in-house PCR and by the Hybrid Capture II (HC2) assay and to compare the results with those obtained using Specimen Transport Medium (STM) (Digene Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Forty-five patients underwent conization for known lesions ranging from atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) with high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL/CIN2+) or adenocarcinoma. Two negative controls were included: one patient with post-menopausal bleeding and another from whom an inflammatory cervical sample was taken without conization. Prior to conization, a gynaecologist collected two cervical samples, fixed in PS or STM, from each patient. All but four cases were tested for panHPV (GP5+/GP6+) and specific hr-HPV subtypes (HPV16, 18, 31,33) by PCR using both media and all were processed for HC2. This study demonstrates that both HPV detection techniques work with PS, showing a specificity of 78.3% for HC2 and 92.8% for PCR compared to 83.8% for HC2 and 92% for PCR using STM. The efficacy of detecting HPV in PS-preserved H-SIL/CIN2+ was very high (96% for PCR using PS and 86% for HC2 using PS), which was in the same range as for PCR using STM, and which was only slightly lower than for HC2 using STM (96% and 89%, respectively). The differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that ThermoFisher's PS is a valid liquid-based cytology medium for cervical samples, convenient for HPV testing by PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers and by the HC2 assay.
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Vanhoutte A, Fellah L, Galant C, d'Hoore W, Berlière M, Leconte I. Contribution of sonoelastography to the characterization of breast lesions. Clin Imaging 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fellah L, Berlière M, Galant C, Akle N, Leconte I. [Contribution of MRI for monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of breast cancer]. JBR-BTR : ORGANE DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE BELGE DE RADIOLOGIE (SRBR) = ORGAAN VAN DE KONINKLIJKE BELGISCHE VERENIGING VOOR RADIOLOGIE (KBVR) 2009; 92:224-226. [PMID: 19803103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the management of breast neoplasms, two breast MR examinations are performed, one before initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and one at the end. However, a third MR exam may be performed between two courses of chemotherapy in order to assess tumor response to treatment. The assessment criterion currently used is measurement of tumor diameter according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) and WHO. But according to the preliminary results of the American College of Radiology Imaging Network protocol, using measurement of tumor volume as a reference may be valuable. Larger series are therefore necessary to estimate the value of diffusion MR, spectroscopy and diffusion studies.
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Alvarez Gonzalez ML, Frankenne F, Galant C, Marbaix E, Foidart JM, Nisolle M, Béliard A. Mixed origin of neovascularization of human endometrial grafts in immunodeficient mouse models. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2217-24. [PMID: 19508999 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo mouse models have been developed to study the physiology of normal and pathologic endometrium. Although angiogenesis is known to play an important role in endometrial physiology and pathology, the origin of neovasculature in xenografts remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the origin of the neovasculature of endometrial grafts in different mouse models. METHODS Human proliferative endometrium (n = 19 women) was grafted s.c. in two immunodeficient mouse strains: nude (n = 8) and severely compromised immunodeficient (SCID; n = 20). Mice were also treated with estradiol, progesterone or levonorgestrel. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization using a centromeric human chromosome X probe, immunohistochemistry (von Willebrand factor and collagen IV) and lectin perfusion were performed to identify the origin of the vessels. RESULTS More than 90% of vessels within xenografts were of human origin 4 weeks after implantation. Some vessels (9.67 +/- 2.01%) were successively stained by human or mouse specific markers, suggesting the presence of chimeric vessels exhibiting a succession of human and murine portions. No difference in staining was observed between the two strains of mouse or different hormone treatments. Furthermore, erythrocytes were found inside human vessels, confirming their functionality. CONCLUSION This article shows that human endometrial grafts retain their own vessels, which connect to the murine vasculature coming from the host tissue and become functional.
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Alvarez Gonzalez ML, Galant C, Frankenne F, Nisolle M, Labied S, Foidart JM, Marbaix E, Béliard A. Development of an animal experimental model to study the effects of levonorgestrel on the human endometrium. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:697-704. [PMID: 19095670 PMCID: PMC2646790 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to develop an animal model to test the response of endometrium to local progestin delivery. METHODS Proliferative human endometrium was subcutaneously grafted in two groups of SCID mice that received, 2 days before, a subcutaneous estradiol (E(2)) pellet and, for half of them, an additional implant of levonorgestrel (LNG). Mice were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks after endometrial implantation and grafts were histologically analysed. Proliferation, steroid hormone receptors, blood vessels and stromal decidualization in both groups (E(2) and LNG) were immunohistologically evaluated and compared with proliferative endometrium and endometrium from women with an LNG intrauterine device. RESULTS Grafts presented normal morphological endometrial characteristics. The expression of progesterone receptors was significantly decreased in glands and stroma of the LNG group as compared with the E(2) group at all times. A significant decrease was also observed in the stromal expression of estrogen receptor-alpha in the LNG group. At 4 weeks, the mean cross-sectional area of vessels was significantly higher after LNG treatment. CONCLUSIONS These morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics are similar to those observed in women treated with local LNG. This mouse model might facilitate further investigations needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the breakthrough bleeding frequently observed in progestin users.
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Brun JL, Galant C, Delvaux D, Lemoine P, Henriet P, Courtoy PJ, Marbaix E. Menstrual activity of matrix metalloproteinases is decreased in endometrium regenerating after thermal ablation. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:333-40. [PMID: 19049990 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstruation is associated with a striking increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. However, it is still unknown whether the level of MMP activity correlates with the amount of menstrual bleeding. METHODS We used histochemistry to investigate the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and immunohistochemical labelling and zymographic analysis to determine the level of expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9, and of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) -1, -2 and -3, in endometria sampled during menstruation in 14 women experiencing excessive menstrual bleeding and in 10 women successfully treated for menorrhagia by thermal ablation of the endometrium. RESULTS After thermal ablation, regenerated menstrual endometria showed reduced areas of collagen fibre lysis and increased content of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 compared with endometria from non-treated menorrhagic women. Surprisingly, treated endometria contained more latent gelatinase A (proMMP-2) but a lower proportion of the active form of gelatinase B (MMP-9) than non-treated endometria. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ECM degradation is decreased at menstruation in the endometrium regenerated after thermal ablation, mostly because of an increased TIMP expression. This represents the first molecular explanation for the decreased amount of menstrual bleeding.
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Broughton A, Galant C, Hainaut P. Simultaneous occurrence of metastatic breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease and tuberculous lymphadenitis in homolateral axillary lymph nodes--a case report. Acta Clin Belg 2008; 63:391-3. [PMID: 19170355 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2008.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 78-year-old woman, presenting with enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Histological analysis of the lymph nodes demonstrated the co-existence of locally advanced breast carcinoma, scleronodular Hodgkin's disease and tuberculous lymphadenitis.The association of the 3 disorders in the same lymphatic region is unreported so far.
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Vanhoutte A, Fellah L, Galant C, d'Hoore W, Berlière M, Leconte I. [Contribution of sonoelastography to the characterization of breast lesions]. JBR-BTR : ORGANE DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE BELGE DE RADIOLOGIE (SRBR) = ORGAAN VAN DE KONINKLIJKE BELGISCHE VERENIGING VOOR RADIOLOGIE (KBVR) 2008; 91:187-194. [PMID: 19051937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the performances of sonoelastography in the characterization of breast nodules with histologic correlation. Elastosonography was performed immediately after mode B sonography in 59 patients (65 nodules) by two radiologists, independently. All sequences of elastosonography were recorded. An intra and inter -observers correlation was calculated. Each nodule was classified with BI-RADS lexicon and with Ueno elastography classification. The scores 1-3 were considered as benign and 4-5 as malignant. A cytologic/histologic diagnosis was available for all nodules. At histology, 16 nodules were malignant and 49 nodules were benign. The intra and inter-observer correlations of elastosonography were excellent. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of sonoelastography were 87.5%, 98%, 93.3%, 96%, respectively comparing with 100%, 93.9%, 84%, 100% of Mode B sonography. Thus, 95% (36/38 nodules) of BI-RADS 3 nodules were reclassified score 2 or 1 with elastosonography, decreasing the rates of fine needle aspiration and short-term follow-up. Elastosonography is a simple, rapid and complementary method to mode B sonography that can improve the specificity in the characterization of breast nodules and the management of BI-RADS 3 nodules, leading to a decrease of false-positive and short term follow-up rates.
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Fellah L, Bosmans S, Galant C, Leconte I. [Dystrophic breast calcifications in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus]. JOURNAL DE RADIOLOGIE 2007; 88:1903-1904. [PMID: 18235354 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(07)78371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Nzeusseu Toukap A, Galant C, Theate I, Maudoux AL, Lories RJU, Houssiau FA, Lauwerys BR. Identification of distinct gene expression profiles in the synovium of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1579-88. [PMID: 17469140 DOI: 10.1002/art.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovitis is a common feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the pattern of joint involvement differs in each disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the global gene expression profiles in synovial biopsy tissue from the swollen knees of untreated SLE patients (n = 6), RA patients (n = 7), and osteoarthritis (OA) patients (n = 6). METHODS Synovial biopsy samples were obtained from the affected knees of patients in the 3 groups by needle arthroscopy. Half of the material was used for extraction of total RNA, amplification of complementary RNA, and high-density oligonucleotide spotted hybridization arrays. On the remaining tissue samples, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical experiments were performed to confirm the microarray data. RESULTS SLE synovial biopsy tissue displayed a significant down-regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and a significant up-regulation of interferon-inducible (IFI) genes. Real-time RT-PCR experiments confirmed the up-regulation of selected IFI genes (IFI27, IFI44, and IFI44L) in the SLE synovial tissue. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that 3 molecules involved in ECM regulation, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 2, latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2, and fibroblast activation protein alpha, were significantly down-regulated in SLE synovium. In contrast, immunostaining for IFI27, Toll-like receptor 4, and STAT-1 resulted in higher quantitative scores in SLE synovial tissue, which could be attributed to the fact that the RA samples had a large population of inflammatory cell infiltrates that were negative for these markers. CONCLUSION Arthritis in SLE has a very distinct molecular signature as compared with that in OA and RA, characterized by up-regulation of IFI genes and down-regulation of genes involved in ECM homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens/genetics
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Endopeptidases
- Female
- Gelatinases
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins/genetics
- Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- Up-Regulation
- Versicans/genetics
- Versicans/metabolism
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Fellah L, Féger C, Berlière M, Galant C, Vande Berg B, Leconte I. Papillomatose juvénile mammaire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 87:146-8. [PMID: 16484940 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(06)73988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a patient with juvenile papillomatosis of the breast presenting with a palpable mass and illustrate the correlation between mammographic, sonographic and pathologic features.
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Punyadeera C, Dunselman G, Marbaix E, Kamps R, Galant C, Nap A, Goeij AD, Ederveen A, Groothuis P. Triphasic pattern in the ex vivo response of human proliferative phase endometrium to oestrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 92:175-85. [PMID: 15555911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 06/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ex vivo oestrogen responsiveness of human proliferative phase endometrium using short-term explant cultures. The effects of oestrogen (17beta-E2) on proliferation and the expression of oestrogen-responsive genes known to be involved in regulating endometrial function were evaluated. Three distinct response patterns could be distinguished: (1) the menstrual (M) phase pattern (cycle days 2-5), which is characterised by a complete lack in the proliferative response to 17beta-E2, while an increased expression of AR (2.6-fold, P<0.01), PR (2.7-fold, P<0.01) and COX-2 (3.5-fold, P<0.01) at the mRNA level was observed and a similar upregulation was also found for AR, PR and COX-2 at the protein level; (2) the early proliferative (EP) phase pattern (cycle days 6-10) with 17beta-E2 enhanced proliferation in the stroma (1.7-fold, P<0.05), whereas the expression of AR, PR and COX-2 were not affected at the mRNA and protein levels and ER-alpha mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced by 17beta-E2; (3) the late proliferative (LP) phase pattern (cycle days 11-14), which is characterised by a moderate stimulation of proliferation (1.4-fold, P<0.05) and PR mRNA expression (1.7-fold, P<0.01) by 17beta-E2. In conclusion, three distinct response patterns to 17beta-E2 could be identified with respect to proliferation and the expression of known oestrogen-responsive genes in human proliferative phase endometrium explant cultures.
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Berlière M, Galant C, Marques G, Piette P, Duck L, Fellah L, Donnez J, Machiels JP. LH-RH agonists offer very good protection against the adverse gynaecological effects induced by tamoxifen. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:1855-61. [PMID: 15288287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 04/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonists in protecting premenopausal patients against the adverse gynaecological effects induced by tamoxifen. Between January 1998 and January 2000, 85 premenopausal breast cancer patients were included in this prospective study. All were to receive LH-RH agonists and tamoxifen for a minimum of two years. All patients underwent a pretreatment gynaecological evaluation and annual follow-up. Bone density was also measured at the start of treatment and then after 2, 3 and 4 years. Pretreatment evaluation revealed 2 polyps. At one and two years of follow-up, no abnormal symptoms were noted and echographic findings were normal. At three years of follow-up, a polyp associated with adnexal masses was discovered. Histology revealed ovarian and endometrial metastases of infiltrating lobular breast carcinoma. Bone density evaluation after 2, 3 and 4 years of treatment showed no significant bone loss. LH-RH agonists offer safe protection against the gynaecological side-effects of tamoxifen in premenopausal breast cancer patients.
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Berliere M, Galant C, Leconte I, Machiels JP, Piette P, Charles A, Donnez J. LHRH AGONISTS OFFER VERY GOOD PROTECTION AGAINST ADVERSE GYNAECOLOGICAL EFFECTS INDUCED BY TAMOXIFEN. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003. [DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200303001-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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