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Amoon AT, Crespi CM, Ahlbom A, Bhatnagar M, Bray I, Bunch KJ, Clavel J, Feychting M, Hémon D, Johansen C, Kreis C, Malagoli C, Marquant F, Pedersen C, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Röösli M, Spycher BD, Sudan M, Swanson J, Tittarelli A, Tuck DM, Tynes T, Vergara X, Vinceti M, Wünsch-Filho V, Kheifets L. Proximity to overhead power lines and childhood leukaemia: an international pooled analysis. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:364-373. [PMID: 29808013 PMCID: PMC6068168 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have consistently found an association between childhood leukaemia risk and magnetic fields, the associations between childhood leukaemia and distance to overhead power lines have been inconsistent. We pooled data from multiple studies to assess the association with distance and evaluate whether it is due to magnetic fields or other factors associated with distance from lines. METHODS We present a pooled analysis combining individual-level data (29,049 cases and 68,231 controls) from 11 record-based studies. RESULTS There was no material association between childhood leukaemia and distance to nearest overhead power line of any voltage. Among children living < 50 m from 200 + kV power lines, the adjusted odds ratio for childhood leukaemia was 1.33 (95% CI: 0.92-1.93). The odds ratio was higher among children diagnosed before age 5 years. There was no association with calculated magnetic fields. Odds ratios remained unchanged with adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS In this first comprehensive pooled analysis of childhood leukaemia and distance to power lines, we found a small and imprecise risk for residences < 50 m of 200 + kV lines that was not explained by high magnetic fields. Reasons for the increased risk, found in this and many other studies, remains to be elucidated.
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Ejegod DM, Pedersen H, Alzua GP, Pedersen C, Bonde J. Time and temperature dependent analytical stability of dry-collected Evalyn HPV self-sampling brush for cervical cancer screening. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2018; 5:192-200. [PMID: 29689311 PMCID: PMC6026099 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a new initiative, HPV self-sampling to non-attenders using the dry Evalyn self-sampling brush is offered in the Capital Region of Denmark. The use of a dry brush is largely uncharted territory in terms of analytical stability. In this study we aim to provide evidence on the analytical quality of dry HPV self-sampling brushes as a function of time and temperature. We assessed the analytical stability of dry stored Evalyn brushes at three different temperatures, (4 °C, room temperature, 30 °C) and five different storage time points; T = 0 (baseline), 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 weeks prior to HPV analysis using the BD Onclarity HPV assay. Mean Ct value of the Onclarity internal control was used as comparator of cellularity across time and temperatures, with no or only borderline statistical differences observed. HPV detection was stable throughout the five time points. In addition, analytically amplifiable DNA copy numbers and DNA fragmentation was assessed using the Agena iPLEX Exome QC assay, with no or only borderline statistical differences observed. In conclusion, the Evalyn brush is analytically stable with respect to human genomic material and HPV detection for up to 32 weeks at temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 30 °C. The Capital Region of Denmark is implementing HPV self-sampling using a dry brush. But how analytically stable is a dry collected self-sampling device? Stability was established for both human DNA (all, N = 637) and HPV (positives, N = 41). We found the Evalyn Self-sampling brush stable up to 6 month. Neither 4 °C nor 30 °C changed the analytical stability of the dry brush.
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Santos JR, Cozzi-Lepri A, Phillips A, De Wit S, Pedersen C, Reiss P, Blaxhult A, Lazzarin A, Sluzhynska M, Orkin C, Duvivier C, Bogner J, Gargalianos-Kakolyris P, Schmid P, Hassoun G, Khromova I, Beniowski M, Hadziosmanovic V, Sedlacek D, Paredes R, Lundgren JD. Long-term effectiveness of recommended boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in Europe. HIV Med 2018; 19:324-338. [PMID: 29388732 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) based on atazanavir/ritonavir (ATZ/r)-, darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r)-, and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-containing regimens. METHODS Data were analysed for 5678 EuroSIDA-enrolled patients starting a DRV/r-, ATZ/r- or LPV/r-containing regimen between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2013. Separate analyses were performed for the following subgroups of patients: (1) ART-naïve subjects (8%) at ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) initiation; (2) ART-experienced individuals (44%) initiating the new PI/r with a viral load (VL) ≤500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL; and (3) ART-experienced patients (48%) initiating the new PI/r with a VL >500 copies/mL. Virological failure (VF) was defined as two consecutive VL measurements >200 copies/mL ≥24 weeks after PI/r initiation. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox models were used to compare risks of failure by PI/r-based regimen. The main analysis was performed with intention-to-treat (ITT) ignoring treatment switches. RESULTS The time to VF favoured DRV/r over ATZ/r, and both were superior to LPV/r (log-rank test; P < 0.02) in all analyses. Nevertheless, the risk of VF in ART-naïve patients was similar regardless of the PI/r initiated after controlling for potential confounders. The risk of VF in both treatment-experienced groups was lower for DRV/r than for ATZ/r, which, in turn, was lower than for LPV/r-based ART. CONCLUSIONS Although confounding by indication and calendar year cannot be completely ruled out, in ART-experienced subjects the long-term effectiveness of DRV/r-containing regimens appears to be greater than that of ATZ/r and LPV/r.
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Pedersen C, Poulsen AH, Rod NH, Frei P, Hansen J, Grell K, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Schüz J, Johansen C. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and risk for central nervous system disease: an update of a Danish cohort study among utility workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:619-628. [PMID: 28429106 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence of whether exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) is related to central nervous system diseases is inconsistent. This study updates a previous study of the incidence of such diseases in a large cohort of Danish utility workers by almost doubling the period of follow-up. METHODS We investigated the risks for dementia, motor neurone disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy among 32,006 men employed at the 99 utility companies that supplied Denmark with electricity during the period 1900-1993. Cases were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry and the cohort was followed during 1982-2010. Exposure was estimated from a job-exposure matrix based on company records of job title and area of work and cohort members were allocated to one of three categories (<0.1, 0.1-0.99 and ≥1.0 µT). RESULTS For dementia, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy the incidence rate ratios (IRR) were close to unity, but higher for motor neurone disease [IRR 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-1.79] and lower for Parkinson disease (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.97) among workers exposed to ≥0.1 µT compared with the Danish population. For the highest level of exposure (≥1.0 µT), IRRs of 1.44, 1.78, 1.40 and 1.34 were observed for dementia, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We observed elevated risks of dementia, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy and lower risks of Parkinson disease in relation to exposure to ELF-MF in a large cohort of utility employees.
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Vase M, Bendix K, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Møller M, Pedersen C, Pedersen G, Larsen C, d'Amore F. MICROENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES REFLECTING IMMUNOCOMPETENCE ARE STRONG OUTCOME DETERMINANTS IN HIV-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2438_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Eriksen KT, McElroy JA, Harrington JM, Levine KE, Pedersen C, Sørensen M, Tjønneland A, Meliker JR, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Urinary Cadmium and Breast Cancer: A Prospective Danish Cohort Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:djw204. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pedersen C, Almeida JS, Stein HH. Analysis of published data for standardized ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in soy proteins fed to pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hofstra LM, Sauvageot N, Albert J, Alexiev I, Garcia F, Struck D, Van de Vijver DAMC, Åsjö B, Beshkov D, Coughlan S, Descamps D, Griskevicius A, Hamouda O, Horban A, Van Kasteren M, Kolupajeva T, Kostrikis LG, Liitsola K, Linka M, Mor O, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Van Laethem K, Zazzi M, Zidovec Lepej S, Boucher CAB, Schmit JC, Wensing AMJ, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Sarcletti M, Schmied B, Geit M, Balluch G, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Derdelinckx I, Sasse A, Bogaert M, Ceunen H, De Roo A, De Wit S, Echahidi F, Fransen K, Goffard JC, Goubau P, Goudeseune E, Yombi JC, Lacor P, Liesnard C, Moutschen M, Pierard D, Rens R, Schrooten Y, Vaira D, Vandekerckhove LPR, Van den Heuvel A, Van Der Gucht B, Van Ranst M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandercam B, Vekemans M, Verhofstede C, Clumeck N, Van Laethem K, Beshkov D, Alexiev I, Lepej SZ, Begovac J, Kostrikis L, Demetriades I, Kousiappa I, Demetriou V, Hezka J, Linka M, Maly M, Machala L, Nielsen C, Jørgensen LB, Gerstoft J, Mathiesen L, Pedersen C, Nielsen H, Laursen A, Kvinesdal B, Liitsola K, Ristola M, Suni J, Sutinen J, Descamps D, Assoumou L, Castor G, Grude M, Flandre P, Storto A, Hamouda O, Kücherer C, Berg T, Braun P, Poggensee G, Däumer M, Eberle J, Heiken H, Kaiser R, Knechten H, Korn K, Müller H, Neifer S, Schmidt B, Walter H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Harrer T, Paraskevis D, Hatzakis A, Zavitsanou A, Vassilakis A, Lazanas M, Chini M, Lioni A, Sakka V, Kourkounti S, Paparizos V, Antoniadou A, Papadopoulos A, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Protopapas K, Chryssos G, Drimis S, Gargalianos P, Xylomenos G, Lourida G, Psichogiou M, Daikos GL, Sipsas NV, Kontos A, Gamaletsou MN, Koratzanis G, Sambatakou H, Mariolis H, Skoutelis A, Papastamopoulos V, Georgiou O, Panagopoulos P, Maltezos E, Coughlan S, De Gascun C, Byrne C, Duffy M, Bergin C, Reidy D, Farrell G, Lambert J, O'Connor E, Rochford A, Low J, Coakely P, O'Dea S, Hall W, Mor O, Levi I, Chemtob D, Grossman Z, Zazzi M, de Luca A, Balotta C, Riva C, Mussini C, Caramma I, Capetti A, Colombo MC, Rossi C, Prati F, Tramuto F, Vitale F, Ciccozzi M, Angarano G, Rezza G, Kolupajeva T, Vasins O, Griskevicius A, Lipnickiene V, Schmit JC, Struck D, Sauvageot N, Hemmer R, Arendt V, Michaux C, Staub T, Sequin-Devaux C, Wensing AMJ, Boucher CAB, van de Vijver DAMC, van Kessel A, van Bentum PHM, Brinkman K, Connell BJ, van der Ende ME, Hoepelman IM, van Kasteren M, Kuipers M, Langebeek N, Richter C, Santegoets RMWJ, Schrijnders-Gudde L, Schuurman R, van de Ven BJM, Åsjö B, Kran AMB, Ormaasen V, Aavitsland P, Horban A, Stanczak JJ, Stanczak GP, Firlag-Burkacka E, Wiercinska-Drapalo A, Jablonowska E, Maolepsza E, Leszczyszyn-Pynka M, Szata W, Camacho R, Palma C, Borges F, Paixão T, Duque V, Araújo F, Otelea D, Paraschiv S, Tudor AM, Cernat R, Chiriac C, Dumitrescu F, Prisecariu LJ, Stanojevic M, Jevtovic D, Salemovic D, Stanekova D, Habekova M, Chabadová Z, Drobkova T, Bukovinova P, Shunnar A, Truska P, Poljak M, Lunar M, Babic D, Tomazic J, Vidmar L, Vovko T, Karner P, Garcia F, Paredes R, Monge S, Moreno S, Del Amo J, Asensi V, Sirvent JL, de Mendoza C, Delgado R, Gutiérrez F, Berenguer J, Garcia-Bujalance S, Stella N, de Los Santos I, Blanco JR, Dalmau D, Rivero M, Segura F, Elías MJP, Alvarez M, Chueca N, Rodríguez-Martín C, Vidal C, Palomares JC, Viciana I, Viciana P, Cordoba J, Aguilera A, Domingo P, Galindo MJ, Miralles C, Del Pozo MA, Ribera E, Iribarren JA, Ruiz L, de la Torre J, Vidal F, Clotet B, Albert J, Heidarian A, Aperia-Peipke K, Axelsson M, Mild M, Karlsson A, Sönnerborg A, Thalme A, Navér L, Bratt G, Karlsson A, Blaxhult A, Gisslén M, Svennerholm B, Bergbrant I, Björkman P, Säll C, Mellgren Å, Lindholm A, Kuylenstierna N, Montelius R, Azimi F, Johansson B, Carlsson M, Johansson E, Ljungberg B, Ekvall H, Strand A, Mäkitalo S, Öberg S, Holmblad P, Höfer M, Holmberg H, Josefson P, Ryding U. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 62:655-663. [PMID: 26620652 PMCID: PMC4741360 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%–9.5%) in 2008–2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.
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Pedersen C, Johansen C, Schüz J, Olsen JH, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Residential exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukaemia, CNS tumour and lymphoma in Denmark. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1370-4. [PMID: 26484412 PMCID: PMC4815792 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that children exposed to elevated extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) had a five to six times higher risk of leukaemia, central nervous system (CNS) tumour and malignant lymphoma. Here we extend the study from 1968 to 1986 through 2003. METHODS We included 3277 children with leukaemia, CNS tumour or malignant lymphoma during 1968-2003 recorded in the Danish Cancer Registry and 9129 controls randomly selected from the Danish childhood population. ELF-MF from 50 to 400 kV facilities were calculated at the residences. RESULTS For recently diagnosed cases (1987-2003), the relative risk (RR) was 0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32-2.42), while for the total period (1968-2003) it was 1.63 (95% CI: 0.77-3.46) for leukaemia, CNS tumour and malignant lymphoma combined for exposures ⩾0.4 μT compared with <0.1 μT. These results were based on five cases (recent period) and 11 cases (total period) in the highest exposure group. CONCLUSIONS We did not confirm the previous finding of a five- to six-fold higher risk for leukaemia, CNS tumour and malignant lymphoma when including data from the more recent time period. For the total time period, the results for childhood leukaemia were in line with large pooled analyses showing RRs between 1.5 and 2.
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Bräuner EV, Loft S, Sørensen M, Jensen A, Andersen CE, Ulbak K, Hertel O, Pedersen C, Tjønneland A, Krüger Kjær S, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Residential Radon Exposure and Skin Cancer Incidence in a Prospective Danish Cohort. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135642. [PMID: 26274607 PMCID: PMC4537191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although exposure to UV radiation is the major risk factor for skin cancer, theoretical models suggest that radon exposure can contribute to risk, and this is supported by ecological studies. We sought to confirm or refute an association between long-term exposure to residential radon and the risk for malignant melanoma (MM) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) using a prospective cohort design and long-term residential radon exposure. Methods During 1993–1997, we recruited 57,053 Danish persons and collected baseline information. We traced and geocoded all residential addresses of the cohort members and calculated radon concentrations at each address lived in from 1 January 1971 until censor date. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate-ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) for the risk associated with radon exposure for NMSC and MM, and effect modification was assessed. Results Over a mean follow-up of 13.6 years of 51,445 subjects, there were 3,243 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 317 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 329 cases of MM. The adjusted IRRs per 100 Bq/m3 increase in residential radon levels for BCC, SCC and MM were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.27), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.37) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.50), respectively. The association between radon exposure and BCC was stronger among those with higher socio-economic status and those living in apartments at enrollment. Conclusion and Impact Long-term residential radon exposure may contribute to development of basal cell carcinoma of the skin. We cannot exclude confounding from sunlight and cannot conclude on causality, as the relationship was stronger amongst persons living in apartments and non-existent amongst those living in single detached homes.
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Abdissa A, Olsen MF, Yilma D, Tesfaye M, Girma T, Christiansen M, Hagen CM, Wiesner L, Castel S, Aseffa A, McIlleron H, Pedersen C, Friis H, Andersen AB. Lipid-based nutrient supplements do not affect efavirenz but lower plasma nevirapine concentrations in Ethiopian adult HIV patients. HIV Med 2015; 16:403-11. [PMID: 25974723 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) are increasingly used in HIV programmes in resource-limited settings. However, the possible effects of LNSs on the plasma concentrations of antiretroviral drugs have not been assessed. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of LNSs on plasma efavirenz and nevirapine trough concentrations in Ethiopian adult HIV-infected patients. METHODS The effects of LNSs were studied in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a randomized trial. Patients with body mass index (BMI) > 17 kg/m(2) (n = 282) received daily supplementation of an LNS containing whey (LNS/w), an LNS containing soy (LNS/s) or no LNS. Trough plasma concentrations of efavirenz and nevirapine were measured at 1 and 2 months. Genotyping for 516 G>T and 983 T>C polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 locus was performed. Multilevel linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the associations between LNS and plasma efavirenz and nevirapine concentrations. RESULTS In patients with BMI > 17 kg/m(2), nevirapine concentrations were lower in the LNS/w and LNS/s groups by a median of -2.3 μg/mL [interquartile range (IQR) -3.9; -0.9 μg/mL; P = 0.002] and -2.1 μg/mL (IQR -3.9; -0.9 μg/mL; P = 0.01), respectively, compared with the group not receiving supplements. There were no differences between groups with respect to efavirenz plasma concentrations. The CYP2B6 516 G>T polymorphism was associated with a 5 μg/mL higher plasma efavirenz concentration compared with the wild type (P < 0.0001), while it was not associated with plasma nevirapine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Intake of an LNS was associated with lower plasma nevirapine trough concentrations, indicating possible drug-LNS interactions. The clinical relevance of such reductions in nevirapine exposure is not clear. Plasma efavirenz concentration was not affected by the LNS.
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Pedersen C, Bräuner EV, Rod NH, Albieri V, Andersen CE, Ulbak K, Hertel O, Johansen C, Schüz J, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Distance to high-voltage power lines and risk of childhood leukemia--an analysis of confounding by and interaction with other potential risk factors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107096. [PMID: 25259740 PMCID: PMC4178021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether there is an interaction between distance from residence at birth to nearest power line and domestic radon and traffic-related air pollution, respectively, in relation to childhood leukemia risk. Further, we investigated whether adjusting for potential confounders alters the association between distance to nearest power line and childhood leukemia. We included 1024 cases aged <15, diagnosed with leukemia during 1968-1991, from the Danish Cancer Registry and 2048 controls randomly selected from the Danish childhood population and individually matched by gender and year of birth. We used geographical information systems to determine the distance between residence at birth and the nearest 132-400 kV overhead power line. Concentrations of domestic radon and traffic-related air pollution (NOx at the front door) were estimated using validated models. We found a statistically significant interaction between distance to nearest power line and domestic radon regarding risk of childhood leukemia (p = 0.01) when using the median radon level as cut-off point but not when using the 75th percentile (p = 0.90). We found no evidence of an interaction between distance to nearest power line and traffic-related air pollution (p = 0.73). We found almost no change in the estimated association between distance to power line and risk of childhood leukemia when adjusting for socioeconomic status of the municipality, urbanization, maternal age, birth order, domestic radon and traffic-related air pollution. The statistically significant interaction between distance to nearest power line and domestic radon was based on few exposed cases and controls and sensitive to the choice of exposure categorization and might, therefore, be due to chance.
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Daud NM, Ismail NA, Thomas EL, Fitzpatrick JA, Bell JD, Swann JR, Costabile A, Childs CE, Pedersen C, Goldstone AP, Frost GS. The impact of oligofructose on stimulation of gut hormones, appetite regulation and adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1430-8. [PMID: 24715424 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of nutrient stimulation of gut hormones by oligofructose supplementation on appetite, energy intake (EI), body weight (BW) and adiposity in overweight and obese volunteers. METHODS In a parallel, single-blind and placebo-controlled study, 22 healthy overweight and obese volunteers were randomly allocated to receive 30 g day(-1) oligofructose or cellulose for 6 weeks following a 2-week run-in. Subjective appetite and side effect scores, breath hydrogen, serum short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), plasma gut hormones, glucose and insulin concentrations, EI, BW and adiposity were quantified at baseline and post-supplementation. RESULTS Oligofructose increased breath hydrogen (P < 0.0001), late acetate concentrations (P = 0.024), tended to increase total area under the curve (tAUC)420 mins peptide YY (PYY) (P = 0.056) and reduced tAUC450 mins hunger (P = 0.034) and motivation to eat (P = 0.013) when compared with cellulose. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in other parameters although within group analyses showed an increase in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (P = 0.006) in the cellulose group and a decrease in EI during ad libitum meal in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Oligofructose increased plasma PYY concentrations and suppressed appetite, while cellulose increased GLP-1 concentrations. EI decreased in both groups. However, these positive effects did not translate into changes in BW or adiposity.
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Pedersen WR, Mooney MR, Ungs D, Pedersen C, Sorajja P, Poulose AK, Stark RP, Murad B, Garberich RF, Goldenberg E, Schwartz RS. Improvement in aortic valve area using a new "hour glass" shaped valvuloplasty balloon compared with standard cylindrical balloons in severe aortic stenosis patients. Minerva Cardioangiol 2014; 62:243-249. [PMID: 24831760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has reemerged with transcatheter valve therapy. Cylindrical balloons have been the device of choice despite limitations. An hour glass shaped balloon may permit enhanced fixation and broader leaflet opening without annular compromise. METHODS We report our initial BAV experience using the V8 balloon (InterValve Inc.) in 20 consecutive patients compared to 20 patients from a 403-patient BAV database using cylindrical balloons. Patients were propensity matched on a 1:1 basis by age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), baseline aortic valve area (AVA) and Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) mortality risk score. End points included change in AVA and aortic insufficiency (AI) by echocardiography. New atrioventricular conduction defects (AVCD), need for post procedure pacemaker were documented. Major adverse events (MAE) included procedure related death, emergency surgery or stroke. RESULTS V8 and cylindrical balloon groups were similar across age, gender, LVEF, AVA and STS score. The change in AVA from baseline to post-procedure strongly trended towards being larger in the V8 group than cylindrical balloon group (mean [SD]; 0.30±0.23 cm2 vs. 0.17±0.21 cm2; P=0.063). There were no differences in outcomes for degree of AI, AVCD, need for pacemaker or MAE. CONCLUSION Preliminary findings in this small experience suggest an advantage for enhancing AVA when using the V8 compared with cylindrical balloons. Additionally, there was no evidence of increased AI, AVCD or MAE.
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Rasmussen LD, Obel D, Kronborg G, Larsen CS, Pedersen C, Gerstoft J, Obel N. Utilization of psychotropic drugs prescribed to persons with and without HIV infection: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. HIV Med 2014; 15:458-69. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nielsen SL, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, Gradel KO, Kolmos HJ, Lassen AT. Decreasing incidence rates of bacteremia: a 9-year population-based study. J Infect 2014; 69:51-9. [PMID: 24576825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that the incidence rate of bacteremia has been increasing over time. However, few studies have distinguished between community-acquired, healthcare-associated and nosocomial bacteremia. METHODS We conducted a population-based study among adults with first-time bacteremia in Funen County, Denmark, during 2000-2008 (N = 7786). We reported mean and annual incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years), overall and by place of acquisition. Trends were estimated using a Poisson regression model. RESULTS The overall incidence rate was 215.7, including 99.0 for community-acquired, 50.0 for healthcare-associated and 66.7 for nosocomial bacteremia. During 2000-2008, the overall incidence rate decreased by 23.3% from 254.1 to 198.8 (3.3% annually, p < .001), the incidence rate of community-acquired bacteremia decreased by 25.6% from 119.0 to 93.8 (3.7% annually, p < .001) and the incidence rate of nosocomial bacteremia decreased by 28.9% from 82.2 to 56.0 (4.2% annually, p < .001). The incidence rate of healthcare-associated bacteremia remained stable. The most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli (28.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.3%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (10.0%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.1%). Regardless of place of acquisition, the proportion of bacteremias caused by enterococci increased (p < .05) and the proportion caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci decreased (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence rates of community-acquired and nosocomial bacteremia decreased substantially over time.
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Geretti AM, Conibear T, Hill A, Johnson JA, Tambuyzer L, Thys K, Vingerhoets J, Van Delft Y, Rieger A, Vetter N, Greil R, Pedersen C, Storgaard M, Morlat P, Katlama C, Durant J, Cotte L, Duvivier C, Rey D, Esser S, Stellbrink C, Schmidt W, Stoll M, Stephan C, Fatkenheuer G, Stoehr A, Rockstroh J, Banhegyi D, Itzchak L, Shahar E, Maayan S, Turner D, Lazzarin A, Antinori A, Carosi G, Minoli L, di Perri G, Filice G, Andreoni M, Duiculescu D, Rugina S, Erscoiu S, Streinu A, Pronin A, Pokrovsky V, Gruzdev B, Yakovlev A, Voronin E, Clotet B, Gatell J, Arribas J, Podzamczer D, Domingo P, Alvarez CM, Quero JH, Furrer H, Feher J, Johnson M, Fox J, Nelson M, Fisher M, Orkin C. Sensitive testing of plasma HIV-1 RNA and Sanger sequencing of cellular HIV-1 DNA for the detection of drug resistance prior to starting first-line antiretroviral therapy with etravirine or efavirenz. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:1090-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bräuner EV, Andersen ZJ, Andersen CE, Pedersen C, Gravesen P, Ulbak K, Hertel O, Loft S, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Residential radon and brain tumour incidence in a Danish cohort. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74435. [PMID: 24066143 PMCID: PMC3774631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased brain tumour incidence over recent decades may reflect improved diagnostic methods and clinical practice, but remain unexplained. Although estimated doses are low a relationship between radon and brain tumours may exist. Objective To investigate the long-term effect of exposure to residential radon on the risk of primary brain tumour in a prospective Danish cohort. Methods During 1993–1997 we recruited 57,053 persons. We followed each cohort member for cancer occurrence from enrolment until 31 December 2009, identifying 121 primary brain tumour cases. We traced residential addresses from 1 January 1971 until 31 December 2009 and calculated radon concentrations at each address using information from central databases regarding geology and house construction. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate-ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of primary brain tumours associated with residential radon exposure with adjustment for age, sex, occupation, fruit and vegetable consumption and traffic-related air pollution. Effect modification by air pollution was assessed. Results Median estimated radon was 40.5 Bq/m3. The adjusted IRR for primary brain tumour associated with each 100 Bq/m3 increment in average residential radon levels was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.07; 3.58) and this was exposure-dependently higher over the four radon exposure quartiles. This association was not modified by air pollution. Conclusions We found significant associations and exposure-response patterns between long-term residential radon exposure radon in a general population and risk of primary brain tumours, adding new knowledge to this field. This finding could be chance and needs to be challenged in future studies.
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Bento MHL, Pedersen C, Plumstead PW, Salmon L, Nyachoti CM, Bikker P. Dose response of a new phytase on dry matter, calcium, and phosphorus digestibility in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2013; 90 Suppl 4:245-7. [PMID: 23365344 DOI: 10.2527/jas.53988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the dose response of Buttiauxella phytase on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, Ca, and P in weaned pigs at 2 locations. Experimental diets fed to weaned pigs were a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC), and NC supplemented with increasing levels of Buttiauxella phytase. In Trial A, ATTD of P was 57.2% for PC, 32.5% for NC, and 59.4, 62.0, 63.8, 66.0, and 67.3% for 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 phytase units (FTU) added to NC, respectively. In Trial B, ATTD of P was 45.2% for PC, 28.4% for NC, and 58.7, 64.1, 67.9, and 70.9% for 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 FTU added to NC, respectively. In both studies, the reduction in P in the NC diets reduced (P < 0.01) ATTD of P when compared with the PC diets. Phytase supplementation linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.01) ATTD of P at all inclusion levels to the NC diet. In conclusion, the average digestible P increase from Buttiauxella phytase (vs. the NC diet) was 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 g digestible P/kg feed for 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg, respectively.
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Yayar O, Buyukbakkal M, Eser B, Yildirim T, Ercan Z, Erdogan B, Kali A, Merhametsiz O, Haspulat A, Akdag I, Ayli MD, Quach T, Tregaskis P, Menahem S, Koukounaras J, Mott N, Walker R, Zeiler M, Santarelli S, Degano G, Monteburini T, Agostinelli RM, Marinelli R, Ceraudo E, Grzelak T, Kramkowska M, Walczak M, Czyzewska K, Guney I, Turkmen K, Yazici R, Arslan S, Altintepe L, Yeksan M, Vaduva C, Popa S, Mota M, Mota E, Wan Md Adnan WAH, Zaharan NL, Moreiras-Plaza M, Blanco-Garcia R, Beato-Coo L, Cossio-Aranibar C, Martin-Baez I, Santos MT, Fonseca I, Santos O, Aguiar P, Rocha MJ, Carvalho MJ, Cabrita A, Rodrigues A, Guo Z, Lai X, Theodoridis M, Panagoutsos S, Thodis E, Karanikas M, Mitrakas A, Kriki P, Kantartzi K, Passadakis P, Vargemezis V, Vakilzadeh N, Pruijm M, Burnier M, Halabi G, Azevedo P, Santos O, Carvalho M, Cabrita A, Rodrigues A, Laplante S, Rutherford P, Shutov E, Isachkina A, Gorelova E, Troya MI, Teixido J, Pedreira G, Del Rio M, Romero R, Bonet J, Zhang X, Ma J, Kim Y, Kim JK, Song YR, Kim SG, Kim HJ, Eloot S, Vanholder R, Van Biesen W, Heaf J, Pedersen C, Elgborn A, Arabaci T, Emrem G, Keles M, Kizildag A, Martino F, Amici G, Rodighiero MP, Crepaldi C, Ronco C, Tanaka H, Tsuneyoshi S, Yamasaki K, Daijo Y, Tatsumoto N, Al-Hilali N, Hussain N, Fathy V, Negm H, Alhilali M, Grzegorzewska A, Cieszynski K, Kaczmarek A, Sowinska A, Soleymanian T, Najafi I, Ganji MR, Ahmadi F, Saddadi F, Hakemi M, Amini M, Tong LNMN, Yongcheng HNMN, Qijun WNMN, Shaodong LNMN, Velioglu A, Albaz M, Arikan H, Tuglular S, Ozener C, Bakirdogen S, Eren N, Mehtap O, Bek SG, Cekmen MB, Yilmaz A, Cabana Carcasi MLL, Fernandez Ferreiro A, Fidalgo Diaz M, Becerra Mosquera V, Alonso Valente R, Buttigieg J, Borg Cauchi A, Rogers M, Buhagiar L, Farrugia Agius J, Vella MP, Farrugia E, Han JH, Kim HR, Ko KI, Kim CH, Koo HM, Doh FM, Lee MJ, Oh HJ, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Choi KH, Sikorska D, Frankiewicz D, Klysz P, Schwermer K, Hoppe K, Nealis J, Kaczmarek J, Baum E, Wanic-Kossowska M, Pawlaczyk K, Oko A, Hiss M, Gerstein F, Haller H, Gueler F, Fukasawa M, Manabe T, Wan Q, He Y, Zhu D, Li J, Xu H, Yayar O, Eser B, Buyukbakkal M, Ercan Z, Erdogan B, Merhametsiz O, Yildirim T, Kali A, Haspulat A, Oztemel A, Akdag I, Ayli MD, Pilcevic D, Kovacevic Z, Maksic D, Paunic Z, Tadic-Pilcevic J, Mijuskovic M, Petrovic M, Obrencevic K, Rabrenovic V, Ignjatovic L, Terzic B, Jovanovic D, Chang CH, Chang YS, Busuioc M, Guerraoui A, Caillette-Beaudoin A, Bahte SK, Hiss M, Kielstein JT, Polinder-Bos H, Emmelot-Vonk M, Gaillard C. Peritoneal dialysis II. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Frei P, Poulsen AH, Mezei G, Pedersen C, Cronberg Salem L, Johansen C, Röösli M, Schüz J. Residential distance to high-voltage power lines and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a Danish population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177:970-8. [PMID: 23572049 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between residential distance to high-voltage power lines and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. A Swiss study previously found increased risk of Alzheimer's disease for people living within 50 m of a power line. A register-based case-control study including all patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases during the years 1994-2010 was conducted among the entire adult population of Denmark. Using conditional logistic regression models, hazard ratios for ever living close to a power line in the time period 5-20 years before diagnosis were computed. The risks for developing dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and motor neuron disease were not increased in persons living within close vicinity of a power line. The risk of Alzheimer's disease was not increased for ever living within 50 m of a power line (hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 1.56). No dose-response according to number of years of living within 50 m of a power line was observed, but there were weak indications of an increased risk for persons diagnosed by the age of 75 years. Overall, there was little support for an association between neurodegenerative disease and living close to power lines.
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Ryom L, Kirk O, Lundgren JD, Reiss P, Pedersen C, De Wit S, Buzunova S, Gasiorowski J, Gatell JM, Mocroft A. Advanced chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease and renal death among HIV-positive individuals in Europe. HIV Med 2013; 14:503-8. [PMID: 23590641 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge about advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in HIV-positive persons is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence, predictors and outcomes for advanced CKD/ESRD and renal death. METHODS Advanced CKD was defined as confirmed (two consecutive measurements ≥ 3 months apart) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) using Cockcroft-Gault, and ESRD as haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for ≥ 1 month or renal transplant. Renal death was death with renal disease as the underlying cause, using Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) methodology. Follow-up was from 1 January 2004 until last eGFR measurement, advanced CKD, ESRD or renal death, whichever occurred first. Poisson regression was used to identify predictors. RESULTS Of 9044 individuals included in the study, 58 (0.64%) experienced advanced CKD/ESRD/renal death [incidence rate 1.32/1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU); 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-1.66]; 52% of those who experienced the endpoint had a baseline eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) compared with 3% of those who did not. Using Kaplan-Meier methods, at 6 years from baseline, 0.83% (95% CI 0.59-1.07%) were estimated to have experienced the endpoint overall and 11.26% (95% CI 6.75-15.78%) among those with baseline eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) . Independent predictors of the endpoint included any cardiovascular event [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.16; 95% CI 1.24-3.77], lower eGFR (IRR 0.64 per 5 mL/min/1.73 m(2) ; 95% CI 0.59-0.70) and lower CD4 count (IRR 0.77 per doubling; 95% CI 0.62-0.95). One year after experiencing advanced CKD or ESRD, an estimated 19.21% (95% CI 7.84-30.58%) of patients had died, mostly from extra-renal causes. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of advanced CKD/ESRD/renal death was low and predictors included traditional renal risk factors, HIV-related factors and pre-existing renal impairment. The prognosis following advanced CKD/ESRD was poor. Larger studies should address possible contributions of specific antiretrovirals.
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Helleberg M, Kronborg G, Larsen CS, Pedersen G, Pedersen C, Obel N, Gerstoft J. No change in viral set point or CD4 cell decline among antiretroviral treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected individuals enrolled in the Danish HIV Cohort Study in 1995-2010. HIV Med 2013; 14:362-9. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Georg Jensen M, Pedersen C, Kristensen M, Frost G, Astrup A. Review: efficacy of alginate supplementation in relation to appetite regulation and metabolic risk factors: evidence from animal and human studies. Obes Rev 2013; 14:129-44. [PMID: 23145880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a critical update on human and animal studies investigating the effect of alginate supplementation on appetite regulation, glycaemic and insulinemic responses, and lipid metabolism with discussion of the evidence on potential mechanisms, efficacy and tolerability. Dependent on vehicle applied for alginate supplementation, the majority of animal and human studies suggest that alginate consumption does suppress satiety and to some extent energy intake. Only one long-term intervention trial found effects on weight loss. In addition, alginates seem to exhibit beneficial influence on postprandial glucose absorption and insulin response in animals and humans. However, alginate supplementation was only found to have cholesterol-lowering properties in animals. Several mechanisms have been suggested for the positive effect observed, which involve delayed gastric emptying, increased viscosity of digesta and slowed nutrient absorption in the small intestine upon alginate gel formation. Despite reasonable efficacy and tolerability from the acute or short-term studies, we still realize there is a critical need for development of optimal alginate types and vehicles as well as studies on further long-term investigation on alginate supplementation in humans before inferring that it could be useful in the management of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Holmgaard DB, Mygind LH, Titlestad IL, Madsen H, Fruekilde PBN, Pedersen SS, Pedersen C. Serum vitamin D in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease does not correlate with mortality--results from a 10-year prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53670. [PMID: 23341971 PMCID: PMC3544862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have found vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency and insufficiency to be common among patients with COPD. Serum level of 25-OHD seems to correlate to pulmonary function, COPD disease staging, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. We wanted to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was associated with mortality rate in patients suffering from advanced COPD. Methods 25-OHD serum levels were measured in 462 patients suffering from moderate to very severe COPD. Patients were stratified into three groups according to serum levels of 25-OHD. Outcome measure was mortality in a 10 year follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier curves (KM) were plotted and mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox Proportional Hazard regression (Cox PH). Results Serum 25-OHD deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent. We were unable to demonstrate any association between baseline serum levels of 25-OHD and mortality rate. We found an association between mortality and age [HR 1.05 (CI 95%: 1.03–1.06)], Charlson score [HR 1.49 (CI 95%: 1.06–2.09)], increasing neutrophil count [HR 1.05 (CI 95%: 1.02–1.09)], severe [HR 1.41 (CI 95%: 1.06–1.86)]/very severe COPD [HR 2.19 (CI 95%: 1.58–3.02)] and a smoking history of more than 40 pack years [HR 1.27 (CI 95%: 1.02–1.70)]. Conclusions Serum level of 25-OHD does not seem to be associated with mortality rate, suggesting no or only a minor role of 25-OHD in disease progression in patients with moderate to very severe COPD.
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