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Tang WL, Chien LW, Chen CS, Chen PH, Tzeng CR. RG-009 Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients with an unusual ‘hyporesponsiveness’ can be rescued by prolonged ovarian stimulation. Reprod Biomed Online 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang CR, Lin SS, Chou MY, Ho CC, Wang L, Lee YL, Chen CS, Yang CC. Demonstration of different modes of cell death upon herpes simplex virus 1 infection in different types of oral cells. Acta Virol 2005; 49:7-15. [PMID: 15929393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection on five different types of oral cancerous cells (neck metastasis of gingival carcinoma (GNM) cells and tongue squamous cells of carcinoma (TSCCa) and non-cancerous cells (buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BF), gingival fibroblasts (GF), oral submucosal fibrosis cells (OSF)) and one type of non-oral cancerous cells (KB cells) were investigated. In HSV-1-infected cells the cell viability, CPE, viral antigens accumulation, caspase-3 activity, annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation were estimated. Three different forms or pathways of cell death were considered: apoptosis (the presence or rise of caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation and annexin V binding), slow cell death (the presence or rise of DNA fragmentation, the absence or decline of caspase-3 activity and annexin V binding), and necrosis (the absence of decline of caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation and annexin V binding). The viability of all cell types, except for KB cells, was reduced by the infection. CPE and viral antigens data demonstrated that all six types of cells could be infected with HSV-1. Upon HSV-1 infection there occurred (i) a classical apoptosis in GF cells, (ii) apoptosis in the early phase of infection and necrosis in the late phase of infection in GNM and TSCCa cells, (iii) slow cell death followed by necrosis in BF and OSF cells (however, these cells showed a different type of CPE), (iv) a classical slow cell death in KB cells. It is hypothesized that HSV-1 infection has a potential to induce several distinct pathways leading to cell death or several forms of cell death. Moreover, more than one pathway may be involved in the death of particular cell type. As HSV-1 was demonstrated to infect different oral and non-oral cells and cause different pathways or forms of cell death, the safety of using HSV-1 as a vector for gene therapy should be re-considered.
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Tan PH, Yang LC, Shih HC, Lin CR, Lan KC, Chen CS. Combined use of esmolol and nicardipine to blunt the haemodynamic changes following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 2002; 57:1207-12. [PMID: 12479191 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02624_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of different combinations of esmolol and nicardipine upon the circulatory response to tracheal intubation. One hundred patients were randomly allocated into five groups of twenty to receive pretreatments of saline or different combinations of esmolol (0.5 or 1.0 mg x kg(-1)) and nicardipine (15 or 30 microg x kg(-1)). Significant tachycardia persisted over a 5-min period after intubation in all five groups compared with baseline levels (p < 0.05). Patients receiving esmolol 1.0 mg x kg(-1) and nicardipine 30 g x kg(-1) showed no significant change in systolic blood pressure after tracheal intubation compared with baseline and significant lower peak systolic blood pressure than those receiving saline (p = 0.023).
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Qian XH, Zhang GC, Jiao XY, Zheng YJ, Cao YH, Xu DL, Chen CS. Aplastic anaemia associated with parvovirus B19 infection. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87:436-7. [PMID: 12390927 PMCID: PMC1763065 DOI: 10.1136/adc.87.5.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 involvement was investigated in 30 children with severe aplastic anaemia. Active or recent parvovirus B19 infection, as shown by B19 DNA viraemia, positive B19 specific IgM antibodies, or both, was diagnosed in six patients. There were no other plausible causes. We suggest that parvovirus B19 infection might be associated with severe aplastic anaemia.
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McSweeney PA, Nash RA, Sullivan KM, Storek J, Crofford LJ, Dansey R, Mayes MD, McDonagh KT, Nelson JL, Gooley TA, Holmberg LA, Chen CS, Wener MH, Ryan K, Sunderhaus J, Russell K, Rambharose J, Storb R, Furst DE. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy for severe systemic sclerosis: initial outcomes. Blood 2002; 100:1602-10. [PMID: 12176878 PMCID: PMC2956742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease of presumed autoimmune pathogenesis for which no proven effective treatment exists. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy (HDIT) has been proposed as an investigational treatment for severe autoimmune diseases. Nineteen patients with poor-prognosis SSc underwent HDIT. The median age was 40 years (range, 23-61 years), the median modified Rodnan skin score (a measure of dermal sclerosis) was 31, and the median DLCO was 57%. Conditioning therapy involved 800 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) (+/- lung shielding to approximately 200 cGy), 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, and 90 mg/kg equine antithymocyte globulin. CD34-selected granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized autologous blood stem cells provided hematopoietic rescue. With median follow-up at 14.7 months, the Kaplan-Meier estimated 2-year survival rate was 79%. Three patients died of treatment complications and one of disease progression. Two of the first 8 patients had fatal regimen-related pulmonary injury, a complication not found among 11 subsequent patients who received lung shielding for TBI. Overall, internal organ functions were stable to slightly worse after HDIT, and 4 patients had progressive or nonresponsive disease. As measured by modified Rodnan skin scores and modified health assessment questionnaire disability index (mHAQ-DI) scores, significant disease responses occurred in 12 of 12 patients evaluated at 1 year after HDIT. In conclusion, though important treatment-related toxicities occurred after HDIT for SSc, modifications of initial approaches appear to reduce treatment risks. Responses in skin and mHAQ-DI scores exceed those reported with other therapies, suggesting that HDIT is a promising new therapy for SSc that should be evaluated in prospective randomized studies.
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Wang DS, Chen CS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of L-alpha-phosphatidyl-D-3-deoxy-3-heteromethyl-myo-inositols as phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:3165-72. [PMID: 11711292 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of 3-deoxy-3-heteromethyl derivatives of L-alpha-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol as part of our effort to develop specific, reversible inhibitors of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase. Among various derivatives examined, phosphatidyl-D-3-deoxy-3-aminomethyl-myo-inositol displays the highest potency in inhibiting PI 3-kinase both in vitro and in cells. It effectively suppressed antigen-stimulated degranulation in mast cells (IC(50), 17 microM), suggesting a potential application of this PI 3-kinase inhibitor as a mast cell-stabilizing agent.
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Li SC, Chung MC, Chen CS. Cloning and characterization of a DEAD box RNA helicase from the viable seedlings of aged mung bean. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 47:761-70. [PMID: 11785937 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013687412020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seeds stored under adverse conditions will reduce the viability of germination as a result of induced aging. We have established a procedure to induce accelerated aging for studying the process of aging in mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds at the molecular level. A full-length cDNA was isolated from acceleratedly aged mung bean seedlings. The cDNA, VrRH1 (Vigna radiata RNA helicase 1), contains an open reading frame of 2139 bp encoding a protein of 713 amino acids. VrRHI has seven highly conserved motifs including the DEAD box as in the case of other plant RNA helicases. VrRHI was sub-cloned into an expression vector pET-28b (+), over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL 21 and purified by a Ni2+-agarose column. The expressed protein showed double-stranded RNA unwinding and ATPase activities. Either ATP or dATP is required for the unwinding activity, indicating that VrRHI is an ATP/dATP-dependent RNA helicase. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of mRNAs hybridized with a full-length cDNA fragment of VrRHI (VrRH transcripts) in mung bean seeds that were imbibed for 16 to 32 h after accelerated aging treatment. The amount of these mRNAs reached a maximum in 24 h imbibed seeds after the treatment. The accumulation of VrRH transcripts was shown to lead to the appearance of 25S and 18S rRNAs in the imbibed aging mung bean seeds. The results suggest that VrRHI may play a role in the viability of mung bean seeds.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Fabaceae/enzymology
- Fabaceae/genetics
- Fabaceae/growth & development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Plants/enzymology
- Plants/genetics
- RNA Helicases/genetics
- RNA Helicases/metabolism
- RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Ching TT, Lin HP, Yang CC, Oliveira M, Lu PJ, Chen CS. Specific binding of the C-terminal Src homology 2 domain of the p85alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Localization and engineering of the phosphoinositide-binding motif. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43932-8. [PMID: 11555646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105159200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide second messengers, generated from the action of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mediate an array of signaling pathways through the membrane recruitment and activation of downstream effector proteins. Although pleckstrin domains of many target proteins have been shown to bind phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)) and/or phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P(2)) with high affinity, published data concerning the phosphoinositide binding specificity of Src homology 2 (SH2) domains remain conflicting. Using three independent assays, we demonstrated that the C-terminal (CT-)SH2 domain, but not the N-terminal SH2 domain, on the PI3K p85alpha subunit displayed discriminative affinity for PIP(3). However, the binding affinity diminished precipitously when the acyl chain of PIP(3) was shortened. In addition, evidence suggests that the charge density on the phosphoinositol ring represents a key factor in determining the phosphoinositide binding specificity of the CT-SH2 domain. In light of the largely shared structural features between PIP(3) and PI(4,5)P(2), we hypothesized that the PIP(3)-binding site on the CT-SH2 domain encompassed a sequence that recognized PI(4,5)P(2). Based on a consensus PI(4,5)P(2)-binding sequence (KXXXXXKXKK; K denotes Arg, Lys, and His), we proposed the sequence (18)RNKAENLLRGKR(29) as the PIP(3)-binding site. This binding motif was verified by using a synthetic peptide and site-directed mutagenesis. More importantly, neutral substitution of flanking Arg(18) and Arg(29) resulted in a switch of ligand specificity of the CT-SH2 domain to PI(4,5)P(2) and PI(3,4)P(2), respectively. Together with computer modeling, these mutagenesis data suggest a pseudosymmetrical relationship in the recognition of the phosphoinositol head group at the binding motif.
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Nakada K, Inoue K, Chen CS, Nonaka I, Goto Y, Ogura A, Hayashi JI. Correlation of functional and ultrastructural abnormalities of mitochondria in mouse heart carrying a pathogenic mutant mtDNA with a 4696-bp deletion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:901-7. [PMID: 11688994 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the correlation of functional and structural abnormalities of cardiac mitochondria created by pathogenic mutant mtDNAs using mito-mice with hearts carrying 88% mutant DeltamtDNA4696 with a 4696 deletion. COX histochemistry, quantitative PCR analysis, and electronmicrographs showed that accumulation of 91.6% DeltamtDNA4696 in single cardiac muscle fibers induced progressive reduction of COX activity to form COX-negative fibers. Moreover, hearts carrying 88% DeltamtDNA4696 consisted of three types of cardiac muscle fibers with different functional properties, COX-positive, -negative, and -intermediate fibers, which corresponded respectively to three types of fibers with different structural properties; type A fibers containing mitochondria with only lamellar cristae, type B containing mitochondria with only tubular cristae, and type C possessing mitochondria with both lamellar and tubular cristae. These observations suggest that lamellar cristae with COX activity transform into tubular cristae without COX activity along with the accumulation of DeltamtDNA4696, which would be responsible for insufficient supply of mtDNA products required to keep the normal structure and function of mitochondrial cristae. The correlation of these structural and functional abnormalities of cristae should provide important insight into diagnosis of cardiomyopathies caused by accumulation of pathogenic mutant mtDNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytochrome-c Oxidase Deficiency
- DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Mice
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Mitochondrial Myopathies/enzymology
- Mitochondrial Myopathies/genetics
- Mitochondrial Myopathies/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Deletion/genetics
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Lin YH, Chen CS, Cheng CK, Chen YH, Lee CL, Chen WJ. Geometric parameters of the in vivo tissues at the lumbosacral joint of young Asian adults. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26:2362-7. [PMID: 11679822 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200111010-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were used to determine the geometry of the tissues studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the geometric parameters of tissues around the lumbosacral joint. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Cross-sectional area (CSA), moment arms, and line of action of the tissues located at lumbosacral joint (L5-S1), which are important in the study of spinal mechanics and models for the investigation of low back pain. It was insufficient information to describe the relative dimension of spinal tissues except muscles around the lumbar spine. METHODS MRIs from eight asymptomatic young Taiwanese male adults were collected to present CSA, moment arms, and line of action of the tissues located at lumbosacral joint (L5-S1). Four pairs of trunk muscles, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, abdominal oblique externus, and psoas muscles, ligamentum flavum, and facet joints at the bilateral sides were studied. RESULTS Spinal tissues at the level of lumbosacral joint were determined. The CSAs of the spinal elements at the L5-S1 normalized by the CSA of trunk ranged from 5.42% (the erector spinae) to 0.14% (the ligamentum flavum). The moment arm of the spinal elements relative to the trunk width and depth ranged from 40.91% (rectus abdominis at the y direction) to 0.38% (ligamentum flavum at the x direction). The profile of geometric elements of lumbosacral joint in the Asian male subjects was similar to the data collected from the white population. The data also showed that right-left symmetry in the aforementioned dimension. CONCLUSION Normalized data of the CSA, moment arm, and line of action of the spinal tissues at the L5-S1 joint were reported in vivo through the MRI techniques. The profile of geometric elements of lumbosacral joint in the Asian male subjects did not differ from the white population. In addition to muscles, the geometry of facet joint and ligament was determined, which would be important to the calculation of force distribution on the lumbosacral joint.
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Wu ML, Chuang YC, Chen JP, Chen CS, Chang MC. Identification and characterization of the three chitin-binding domains within the multidomain chitinase Chi92 from Aeromonas hydrophila JP101. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:5100-6. [PMID: 11679332 PMCID: PMC93277 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.11.5100-5106.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene (chi92) encoding the extracellular chitinase of Aeromonas hydrophila JP101 has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The mature form of Chi92 is an 842-amino-acid (89.830-kDa) modular enzyme comprised of a family 18 catalytic domain, an unknown-function region (the A region), and three chitin-binding domains (ChBDs; Chi92-N, ChBD(CI), and ChBD(CII)). The C-terminally repeated ChBDs, ChBD(CI) and ChBD(CII), were grouped into family V of cellulose-binding domains on the basis of sequence homology. Chitin binding and enzyme activity studies with C-terminally truncated Chi92 derivatives lacking ChBDs demonstrated that the ChBDs are responsible for its adhesion to unprocessed and colloidal chitins. Further adsorption experiments with glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins (GST-CI and GST-CICII) demonstrated that a single ChBD (ChBD(CI)) could promote efficient chitin and cellulose binding. In contrast to the two C-terminal ChBDs, the Chi92-N domain is similar to ChiN of Serratia marcescens ChiA, which has been proposed to participate in chitin binding. A truncated derivative of Chi92 that contained only a catalytic domain and Chi92-N still exhibited insoluble-chitin-binding and hydrolytic activities. Thus, it appears that Chi92 contains Chi92-N as the third ChBD in addition to two ChBDs (ChBD(CI) and ChBD(CII)).
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Chen CS, Cheng WH, Lin SS. Enhanced activity and stability of a Cu/SiO2 catalyst for the reverse water gas shift reaction by an iron promoter. Chem Commun (Camb) 2001:1770-1. [PMID: 12240307 DOI: 10.1039/b104279n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An Fe promoter inhibits the sintering of Cu particles and oxidation of the Cu surface, resulting in high catalyst activity and stability.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A stainless-sheathed, straight needle with a hook near the top of the inner needle was designed to facilitate hepatic resections. METHODS First, using this needle, two rows of interlocking mattress sutures were made along the division line; then, hepatic transection was performed between these rows by electrocautery or forceps. RESULTS Since 1997, we have performed this kind of hepatic resections in 43 cases, including 9 right lobectomies, 5 bisegmentectomies, 7 segmentectomies, 4 subsegmentectomies, 2 partial hepatectomies, 15 left lateral segmentectomies, and 1 hepatorrhaphy. In most cases, intraoperative hemorrhage was minimal. Neither specified inflow nor backflow control procedures were needed. CONCLUSION Use of this needle may reduce the difficulty of the technique and blood loss for right hepatic lobectomy, left lateral segmentectomy, and some segmental or partial hepatectomy procedures.
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Chen CS, Cheng CK, Liu CL, Lo WH. Stress analysis of the disc adjacent to interbody fusion in lumbar spine. Med Eng Phys 2001; 23:483-91. [PMID: 11574255 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4533(01)00076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After anterior interbody fusion in the lumbar spine, the accelerated degeneration of the disc adjacent to the fusion levels was clinically observed. To understand the stress distribution of the adjacent disc, this study created a finite element model of the lumbar spine from L1-L5 vertebral body. The fusion model modified from the intact model was used to simulate the anterior interbody fusion. Various loading conditions, which included flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion, were applied to the finite element model to study the corresponding stress distribution. From the finite element model calculation, at a lower fusion site or more fusion levels, the stress of the disc adjacent to interbody fusion increased more than upper fusion site or single fusion level under flexion, torsion and lateral bending. Larger stress increase was estimated at the upper disc adjacent to interbody fusion than the lower disc adjacent to interbody fusion. In stress distribution, the upper disc adjacent to interbody fusion had a little alteration under torsion.
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Sweetser DA, Chen CS, Blomberg AA, Flowers DA, Galipeau PC, Barrett MT, Heerema NA, Buckley J, Woods WG, Bernstein ID, Reid BJ. Loss of heterozygosity in childhood de novo acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 2001; 98:1188-94. [PMID: 11493469 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.4.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome-wide screening for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), a marker for possible involvement of tumor suppressor genes, was conducted in 53 children with de novo acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A total of 177 highly polymorphic microsatellite repeat markers were used in locus-specific polymerase chain reactions. This comprehensive allelotyping employed flow-sorted cells from diagnostic samples and whole-genome amplification of DNA from small, highly purified samples. Nineteen regions of allelic loss in 17 patients (32%) were detected on chromosome arms 1q, 3q, 5q, 7q (n = 2), 9q (n = 4), 11p (n = 2), 12p (n = 3), 13q (n = 2), 16q, 19q, and Y. The study revealed a degree of allelic loss underestimated by routine cytogenetic analysis, which failed to detect 9 of these LOH events. There was no evidence of LOH by intragenic markers for p53, Nf1, or CBFA2/AML1. Most lymphocytes lacked the deletions, which were detected only in the leukemic myeloid blast population. Analysis of patients' clinical and biologic characteristics indicated that the presence of LOH was associated with a white blood cell count of 20 x 10(9)/L or higher but was not correlated with a shorter overall survival. The relatively low rate of LOH observed in this study compared with findings in solid tumors and in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and adult AML suggests that tumor suppressor genes are either infrequently involved in the development of pediatric de novo AML or are inactivated by such means as methylation and point mutations. Additional study is needed to determine whether these regions of LOH harbor tumor suppressor genes and whether specific regions of LOH correlate with clinical characteristics. (Blood. 2001;98:1188-1194)
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Chen WY, Chen CS, Lin FY. Molecular recognition in imprinted polymers: thermodynamic investigation of analyte binding using microcalorimetry. J Chromatogr A 2001; 923:1-6. [PMID: 11510532 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating the interaction mechanism between an imprinted polymer and its template in aqueous environment with thermodynamic aspects. The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was chosen as a model template to imprint a co-polymer of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. Equilibrium binding isotherm analysis and isothermal titration microcalorimetry were used to quantify the contribution of enthalpy and entropy to the binding process, identify the nature of the interactions involved and confirm the existence of binding pockets with shape-complementarity to the template. For the binding process of 2,4-D to the imprinted polymer, we postulate three subprocesses: (1) dehydration of the binding pocket and of the 2,4-D, (2) adsorption of 2,4-D, and (3) rearrangement of the water molecules from the dehydration process. We found that binding in aqueous environment was due to the cumulative effect of pi-stacking and electrostatic interactions between the template and the functional monomers. At pH<6, entropy is the dominating driving force, while at pH>6 where the highest difference in binding between the imprinted and a non-imprinted reference polymer was observed, the enthalpy change accounts for most of the binding free energy. The developed microcalorimetric method sheds light on the binding mechanism of analyte molecules with imprinted polymers, in particular if the polymers are used in aqueous solvents.
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Huang TS, Chen CS, Lee SS, Huang WK, Liu YC. Comparison of the BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC 460TB systems for detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens. ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE 2001; 31:279-83. [PMID: 11508832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The reliability of the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system for rapid detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens was evaluated and compared to the radiometric method (BACTEC 460TB) and to mycobacterial culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Clinical specimens (n = 590) were tested without selection. A total of 121 (20.5%) isolates of mycobacteria were recovered; 98 (81.0%) of them were recovered with the BACTEC 460TB system, 86 (71.1%) were recovered with the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, and 55 (45.5%) were recovered with LJ medium (MGIT 960 versus BACTEC 640TB, p >0.05; MGIT 960 or BACTEC 460TB versus LJ, p <0.001). The mean time to detection (TTD) was 18 da for BACTEC 460 TB, and 13 da for BACTEC MGIT 960. The mean time to detection in each system, based upon data where both systems were culture positive, was significantly different (16.6 da for BACTEC 460TB and 13 da for BACTEC MGIT 960, p<0.001). The contamination rate of the BACTEC MGIT 960 system was 13.2%, which was intermediate between the BACTEC 460TB system (11.7%) and the LJ medium (14.7%). These data indicate that the fully automated MGIT 960 system is an accurate, non-radiometric alternative to the BACTEC 460TB method for rapid detection of mycobacteria in a clinical setting.
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Li SC, Han JW, Chen KC, Chen CS. Purification and characterization of isoforms of beta-galactosidases in mung bean seedlings. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:349-359. [PMID: 11393513 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Five isoforms of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), designated as beta-galactosidases I-V, were isolated from five-day-old mung bean (Vigna radiata) seedlings. Beta-galactosidases II and III were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a procedure involving acid precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE-Cellulose) and con A-Sepharose. and chromatofocusing. Beta-galactosidases I, II and III have the same molecular mass of 87 kDa. comprising two nonidentical subunits with molecular masses of 38 and 48 kDa, while beta-galactosidases IV and V have molecular masses of 45 and 73 kDa, respectively. All the enzymes were active against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, and to a lesser extent, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinoside and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucoside. The enzymes were inhibited by D-galactono-1,4-lactone, D-galactose, Hg2+, Ag+ and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Beta-galactosidases I, II and III were shown to be competitively inhibited by either D-galactono-1, 4-lactone or D-galactose. Isoforms I, II and III have a common optimal pH of 3.6, while isoforms IV and V have pH optima at 3.8 and 4.0, respectively. Isoelectric points of isoforms I, II and III were 7.7, 7.5 and 7.3, respectively. Double immunodiffusion analysis indicated that beta-galactosidases I, II, III and V are immunologically similar to each other, while beta-galactosidase IV shares partially identical antigenic determinants with the other four isoforms. The purified beta-galactosidases II and III were capable of releasing D-galactose residue from the hemicellulose fraction isolated from mung bean seeds.
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Ching TT, Hsu AL, Johnson AJ, Chen CS. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase facilitates antigen-stimulated Ca(2+) influx in RBL-2H3 mast cells via a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca(2+) entry mechanism. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:14814-20. [PMID: 11278575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009851200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents evidence that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a concerted role with phospholipase Cgamma in initiating antigen-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in mast cells via a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P(3))-sensitive Ca(2+) entry pathway. Exogenous PI(3,4,5)P(3) at concentrations close to its physiological level induces instantaneous Ca(2+) influx into RBL-2H3 cells. This PI(3,4,5)P(3)-induced intracellular Ca(2+) increase is independent of phospholipase C activity or the depletion of internal stores. Moreover, inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 or by overexpression of the dominant negative inhibitor Deltap85 suppresses the Ca(2+) response to the cross-linking of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI). Concomitant treatment of RBL-2H3 cells with LY294002 or Deltap85 and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate, a cell-permeant antagonist of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, abrogates antigen-induced Ca(2+) signals, whereas either treatment alone gives rise to partial inhibition. Conceivably, PI(3,4,5)P(3)-sensitive Ca(2+) entry and capacitative Ca(2+) entry represent major Ca(2+) influx pathways that sustain elevated [Ca(2+)]i to achieve optimal physiological responses. This study also refutes the second messenger role of D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate in regulating FcepsilonRI-mediated Ca(2+) response. Considering the underlying mechanism, our data suggest that PI(3,4,5)P(3) directly stimulates a Ca(2+) transport system in plasma membranes. Together, these data provide a molecular basis to account for the role of PI3K in the regulation of FcepsilonRI-mediated degranulation in mast cells.
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Yen CF, Yeh ML, Chong MY, Chung HH, Chen CS. A multidimensional assessment of insights in schizophrenic patients. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2001; 17:253-60. [PMID: 11517864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to construct a multidimensional instrument in assessing insight of schizophrenic patients and further to examine its relationships with other factors such as psychiatric symptoms, demographic characteristics, and course of illness. An instrument (the Schedule for assessment of Insight in Psychosis, SIP) with a 4-point rating scale was constructed to assess the insight of schizophrenic patients in five dimensions. One hundred schizophrenic patients were recruited for the study and all of them received a semi-structured interview using the SIP. Their demographic variables, length of illness and severity of psychotic symptoms were analyzed for insight. The reliability and validity of the SIP were satisfactory. Significant factors related to insight were psychotic symptoms, including both positive and negative symptoms. This study showed insight was affected by a multitude of factors, and it could be assessed quantitatively in various dimensions.
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Lin FY, Chen CS, Chen WY, Yamamoto S. Microcalorimetric studies of the interaction mechanisms between proteins and Q-sepharose at pH near the isoelectric point (pI) effects of NaCl concentration, pH value, and temperature. J Chromatogr A 2001; 912:281-9. [PMID: 11330797 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the interaction mechanisms of beta-lactoglobulins A and B (Lg A, Lg B) with an anion exchanger, Q-Sepharose at pH near the isoelectric point at which the proteins are expected to be electrically neutralized under various NaCl concentrations and temperatures by the equilibrium binding analysis and the adsorption enthalpy directly measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. The data evaluated from isotherms fitted by the Langmuirean model reveal that the addition of NaCl considerably reduced the binding affinities and capacities of both the proteins with Q-Sepharose at pH 5.2, indicating that electrostatic forces are dominant during the adsorption. However, the hydrophobic interaction seems to be involved in adsorption as well at a higher NaCl concentration, and the adsorption enthalpies confirm this suggestion. In addition, the effects of temperature on the equilibrium binding behaviors for Lg A or Lg B with Q-Sepharose were found to be salt concentration-dependent, probably due to their different binding mechanisms at 0.03 M and 0.3 M NaCl. Where, at 0.3 M NaCl, the hydrophobic interaction plays a more pronounced role. This implication was again supported by the adsorption enthalpies. The presented data provide further insight to the interaction mechanisms between proteins and ion exchangers, facilitating the optimization of protein separations.
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Wang SJ, Wei HW, Chen CS. Comments on “Prediction of femoral fracture load using automated finite element modeling. J Biomech 2001; 34:559-61. [PMID: 11360880 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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75
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Chen GH, Tang SJ, Chen CS, Jiang ST. High-level production of recombinant chicken cystatin by Pichia pastoris and its application in mackerel surimi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:641-646. [PMID: 11262005 DOI: 10.1021/jf000992s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A high level of the secreted form of recombinant chicken cystatin was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 by chromosomal integration of multiple copies of an expression cassette containing chicken cystatin under the control of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The inhibition ability of the recombinant for papain-like proteinase was found to correspond to those of natural chicken cystatin. The recombinant cystatin substantially inhibited the proteolysis of myosin and gel softening, which consequently improved the gel properties of mackerel surimi.
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Aomi Y, Chen CS, Nakada K, Ito S, Isobe K, Murakami H, Kuno SY, Tawata M, Matsuoka R, Mizusawa H, Hayashi JI. Cytoplasmic transfer of platelet mtDNA from elderly patients with Parkinson's disease to mtDNA-less HeLa cells restores complete mitochondrial respiratory function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:265-73. [PMID: 11162509 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For determination of whether platelet mtDNA in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) possesses some lesions to reduce respiratory enzyme activities, platelet mtDNA was transferred into mtDNA-less (rho0) HeLa cells from aged PD patients and age-matched normal subjects, since their activities were controlled by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. The resultant mtDNA-repopulated cybrid clones containing the HeLa nuclear genome as a common background were used for comparison of respiratory enzyme activities. Remarkable variations of the enzyme activities were observed in the cybrid clones, irrespective of whether their mtDNA was transferred from normal subjects or PD patients, and some of them showed 20% reduction of average activities. Thus, the mtDNA mutations responsible for inducing 20% reduction should be polymorphic rather than pathogenic. On the other hand, pathogenic control cybrid clones possessing mtDNA mutations from patients with mitochondrial disorders showed significant and specific decline of respiratory enzyme complex I activity beyond the normal range of the variations. These observations warrant reassessment of the conventional concept that complex I activity in platelets of PD patients is defective due to mtDNA mutations.
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Gagnon A, Dods P, Roustan-Delatour N, Chen CS, Sorisky A. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate is required for insulin-like growth factor 1-mediated survival of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Endocrinology 2001; 142:205-12. [PMID: 11145583 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.1.7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte number, a determinant of adipose tissue mass, reflects the balance between the rates of proliferation/differentiation vs. apoptosis of preadipocytes. The percentage of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes undergoing cell death following serum deprivation was reduced by 10 nM insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (from 50.0 +/- 0.7% for control starved cells to 27.5 +/- 3.1%). TUNEL staining confirmed the apoptotic nature of the cell death. The protective effect of IGF-1 was blocked by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, wortmannin, and LY294002, but was unaffected by rapamycin, PD98059, or SB203580, which inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ERK kinase (MEK1), and p38 MAPK respectively. Exogenous PI(3,4,5)P3 (10 microM), the principal product of IGF-1-stimulated PI3K in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, had a modest survival effect on its own, reducing cell death from 47.9 +/- 3.4% to 35.6 +/- 3.5%. When added to the combination of IGF-1 and LY294002, PI(3,4,5)P3 reversed most of the inhibitory effect of LY294002 on IGF-1-dependent cell survival, protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation, and caspase-3 activity. Taken together, these results implicate PI(3,4,5)P3 as a necessary signal for the anti-apoptotic action of IGF-1 on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Wang DS, Hsu AL, Chen CS. A phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate analogue with low serum protein-binding affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:133-9. [PMID: 11197333 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) plays an important role in the regulation of diverse physiological functions. Recent evidence indicates that PIP3 is cell permeant, and can be added exogenously to modulate cellular responses. However, like many other phospholipids, PIP3 binds serum proteins with high affinity, resulting in rapid deactivation of this lipid second messenger. Our study indicates that bovine serum albumin (BSA) at concentrations as low as 10 microg/mL abrogated the biological activity of dipalmitoyl-PIP3. This nonspecific interaction with serum proteins hampers the use of PIP3 in biological studies where serum is needed. We report here an ether-linked PIP3 analogue, 1-O-(1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl)-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (C16Me-PIP3). which displays low serum protein-binding affinity while retaining the biological function of PIP3. The affinity of C16Me-PIP3 with BSA was two orders of magnitude lower than that of its dipalmitoyl-counterpart. Biochemical data indicate that C16Me-PIP3 was able to stimulate Ca2+ influx in T cells in the presence of moderate levels (up to 1 mg/mL) of BSA. Thus. C16Me-PIP3 may provide a useful tool to study the physiological function of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase in vivo.
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Chong MY, Tsang HY, Chen CS, Tang TC, Chen CC, Yeh TL, Lee YH, Lo HY. Community study of depression in old age in Taiwan: prevalence, life events and socio-demographic correlates. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178:29-35. [PMID: 11136207 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.178.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published studies of prevalence of depression in old age in Taiwan have yielded equivocal results. AIMS To study the prevalence of depressive disorders among community-dwelling elderly; further, to assess socio-demographic correlates and life events in relation to depression. METHOD A randomised sample of 1500 subjects aged 65 and over was selected from three communities. Research psychiatrists conducted all assessments using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule. The diagnosis of depression was made with the GMS-AGECAT (Automated Geriatric Examination for Computerised Assisted Taxonomy); data on life events were collected with the Taiwanese version of the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. RESULTS One-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 37.7%, with 15.3% depressive neurosis and 5.9% major depression. A high risk of depressive disorders was found among widows with a low educational level living in the urban community, and among those with physical illnesses. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to most previous reports, we found that the prevalence of depressive disorders among the elderly in the community in Taiwan is high and comparable to rates reported in some studies of UK samples.
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Tan PH, Tsai TC, Chen CS, Liu K, Yang LC, Wang JH, Lin SH. Coronary artery bypass grafting on the beating heart using the octopus method--a case report. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SINICA 2000; 38:217-21. [PMID: 11392070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A 74-year-old male was admitted due to chest tightness for one month. He had received percutaneous transilluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) because of single-vessel disease one year ago. Cardiac catheterization examination carried out during this admission revealed 90% stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and circumflex branch (CX). Because another attempt of PTCA was considered not optimal, the patient was advised to undergo surgical grafting to which he consented. After expediently balancing the merits and demerits of every practicable surgical procedure--the essential determinant in selection of which was that the patient's condition and criteria of indication of that procedure were in perfect harmony--we decided to carry out minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) with the application of Octopus tissue stabilizer. We report the surgical course and anesthetic management of the patient and discourse some detail in MIDCAB.
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Yu SL, Ko KL, Chen CS, Chang YC, Syu WJ. Characterization of the distal tail fiber locus and determination of the receptor for phage AR1, which specifically infects Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:5962-8. [PMID: 11029414 PMCID: PMC94728 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.21.5962-5968.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2000] [Accepted: 08/05/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage AR1 is similar to phage T4 in several essential genes but differs in host range. AR1 infects various isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 but does not infect K-12 strains that are commonly infected by T4. We report here the determinants that confer this infection specificity. In T-even phages, gp37 and gp38 are components of the tail fiber that are critical for phage-host interaction. The counterparts in AR1 may be similarly important and, therefore, were characterized. The AR1 gp37 has a sequence that differs totally from those of T2 and T4, except for a short stretch at the N terminus. The gp38 sequence, however, has some conservation between AR1 and T2 but not between AR1 and T4. The sequences that are most closely related to the AR1 gp37 and gp38 are those of phage Ac3 in the T2 family. To identify the AR1-specific receptor, E. coli O157:H7 was mutated by Tn10 insertion and selected for an AR1-resistant phenotype. A mutant so obtained has an insertion occurring at ompC that encodes an outer membrane porin. To confirm the role of OmpC in the AR1 infection, homologous replacement was used to create an ompC disruption mutant (RM). When RM was complemented with OmpC originated from an O157:H7 strain, but not from K-12, its AR1 susceptibility was fully restored. Our results suggest that the host specificity of AR1 is mediated at least in part through the OmpC molecule.
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Chen CS, Tsang HY, Chong MY, Tang TC. Validation of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) in community elders. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16:559-65. [PMID: 11294062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been no validated screening instrument for use in non-psychotic illness of the elderly in Taiwan. This study aims to test the validity of the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) among the elderly in a community study. The CHQ-12 was administrated via reading-out to 222 subjects aged 65 and over from three communities. Psychiatrists using the Geriatric Mental Status Schedule (GMS) assessed psychiatric condition while the diagnosis was made according to the computerized program, AGECAT. Validity indices of the CHQ-12 were calculated, using the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis for its optimal cut-off point. Variables hypothesized to affect its performance were assessed. Validity of the CHQ-12 at optimal cut-off point 2/3 were estimated with a sensitivity of 79.7%, a specificity of 83.6%, a positive predictive value of 68.9%, a negative predictive value of 90.0% and an overall misclassification rate of 17.6%, and an estimate of the area under the ROC curve of 0.81. The performance of the CHQ-12 was better in males, in those who were literate, and in those without any physical illness. This study demonstrated that the use of CHQ-12 in the elderly community is as valid as in the general population survey. However, it should be read out by the investigator rather than self-administered due to the high proportion of illiteracy among the Taiwanese elderly.
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Lee YC, Wu CT, Chen CS, Chang YL. E-cadherin expression in surgically-resected non-small cell lung cancers--a clinicopathological study. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 48:294-9. [PMID: 11100763 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-Cadherin is a subclass of the cadherin family that plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular junctions in normal epithelium. Decreased expression of E-cadherin might be closely related to invasiveness and dedifferentiation in human cancers. This study is aimed at investigating the clinicopathological significance of E-cadherin expression and its impact on the prognosis in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer patients. METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, the expression of E-cadherin was studied in 207 surgically resected lung cancer specimens from January 1990 through December 1994. The clinicopathological data and survival status were recorded and analysed against the E-cadherin expression level in each tumor. RESULTS E-cadherin expression was detected in 122 of the 207 lung tumors (59.0%), and the expression was significantly lower in tumors with poor differentiation (p < 0.001), in tumors with vascular invasion (p < 0.05), and in tumors with direct invasion into surrounding structures (p < 0.01). There was no correlation between E-cadherin expression, and tumor stage and regional lymph-node metastasis. There was no significant difference in survival rate between higher (> 40%) and lower (< 40%) E-cadherin expression groups; however, in tumors 3 cm or less, a significant difference was found between higher and lower E-cadherin expressions (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Underexpression of E-cadherin is associated with poor differentiation and invasiveness in NSCLC. In patients with small NSCLC (< or = 3 cm), higher E-cadherin expression (> 40%) significantly had a favorable prognosis.
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Cheng CK, Chen HH, Chen CS, Chen CL, Chen CY. Segment inertial properties of Chinese adults determined from magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2000; 15:559-66. [PMID: 10936427 DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(00)00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the simulation of the task of manual materials handling for Chinese laborers, this study estimated the inertial properties of Chinese adults by using magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN Magnetic resonance imaging was used as a means of estimating inertial property. Following the estimation of inertial properties for the Chinese subjects, comparison between estimates for Chinese and Caucasian populations was made. BACKGROUND Estimates of segment inertial properties are frequently based on data and procedures developed from human cadaver studies in which inertial properties have been measured directly. The errors might be derived from the utilization of the Caucasian data were questioned in our previous study on the spinal force prediction of the Chinese subjects during manual lifting. METHODS Magnetic resonance images were scanned at a 20 mm interval from eight males aged 26 (S.D., 4) years. Tissues were differentiated and verified using adequate intensity thresholds on each slice, and the segmental volume and mass were integrated by slices. The moments of inertia for each segment were then determined about the anatomical axes using the parallel axis theorem.Results. Results showed that our estimates were close to the data derived by Dempster with a slight deviation. Larger percentages of mass were found in the upper arm (4.0%) and thigh (13.6%) than in previous studies. On the other hand, smaller moments of inertia about three axes were noted in the shank. CONCLUSION Biomechanical modeling of the human body requires accurate prediction of body segment parameters that include measures of volume, mass, center of mass, and moments of inertia. This study suggests the need to estimate the inertial properties of segments from the Chinese population. Application of the data may improve the simulation of the task of manual materials handling for Chinese laborers in the future studies. RELEVANCE Biomechanical modeling of the human body requires accurate prediction of body segment parameters that include measures of volume, mass, center of mass, and moments of inertia. To obtain the basic data of segment parameters for the Chinese adults, this study was proceeded with the magnetic resonance imaging technique.
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Chen CS, White A, Love J, Murphy JR, Ringe D. Methyl groups of thymine bases are important for nucleic acid recognition by DtxR. Biochemistry 2000; 39:10397-407. [PMID: 10956029 DOI: 10.1021/bi0009284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of diphtheria toxin is controlled by the diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR). Under conditions of high iron concentration, DtxR binds the tox operator to inhibit transcription. To study how DNA binding specificity is achieved by this repressor, we solved the crystal structure of the nickel(II) activated DtxR(C102D) mutant complexed with a 43mer DNA duplex containing the DtxR consensus binding sequence. Structural analysis of this complex and comparison with a previously determined DtxR(C102D)-Ni(II)-tox operator ternary complex revealed unusual van der Waals interactions between Ser37/Pro39 of the repressor helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif and the methyl groups of specific thymine bases in the consensus binding sequence. Gel mobility shift assays utilizing deoxyuridine modified duplex DNA probes proved the importance of these interactions: the four methyl groups shown to interact with Ser37/Pro39 in the crystal structure contribute a total of 3.4 kcal/mol to binding energy. Thus, in addition to making base-specific hydrogen-bonding interactions to the DNA through its Gln43 residue, DtxR also recognizes methyl groups at certain positions in the DNA sequence with its Ser37 and Pro39 side chains, to achieve binding specificity toward its cognate operator sequences.
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Chen CS, Ostuni E, Whitesides GM, Ingber DE. Using self-assembled monolayers to pattern ECM proteins and cells on substrates. Methods Mol Biol 2000; 139:209-19. [PMID: 10840789 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-063-2:209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Lee MM, Huang HM, Hsieh MT, Chen CS, Yeh FT, Kuo JS. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of magnolol in chemical hypoxia in rat cultured cortical cells in hypoglycemic media. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2000; 43:61-7. [PMID: 10994695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that magnolol protects neurons against chemical hypoxia by KCN in cortical neuron-astrocyte mixed cultures (14). In the present study, we examined whether the neuroprotective effect of magnolol involve modulating inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), induced by KCN (hypoxia) or KCN plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In glucose-absent (hypoglycemia) media, KCN or KCN plus LPS induced increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity by 32% and 34%, and PGE2 production by 12% and 32%, respectively. Both LDH and PGE2 increases were suppressed by 100 microM magnolol. In addition, although KCN or LPS alone did not increase NO generation, KCN plus LPS increased NO generation. This increase was reduced by 100 microM magnolol or 10 microM L-NAME, but the LDH increase and PGE2 production were not reduced by L-NAME. These findings suggest that the protective effects of magnolol against brain damage by KCN or KCN plus LPS in hypoglycemic media may involve inhibition of PGE2 production, but inhibition of NO generation may not be important.
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Lin SK, Hong CY, Chang HH, Chiang CP, Chen CS, Jeng JH, Kuo MY. Immunolocalization of macrophages and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in induced rat periapical lesions. J Endod 2000; 26:335-40. [PMID: 11199750 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200006000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats by exposing the pulp chamber of right mandibular first molars to the oral environment. Animals were killed 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, and 80 days after lesion induction. Microradiographic and automated image analysis showed that the lesions expanded significantly in a time-dependent manner from day 0 to day 20 (0.039 mm2/day, p < 0.05, active phase) and stabilized thereafter (chronic phase). A linear regression test revealed a positive correlation between the numbers of ED-1 positive macrophage per microscopic high power field and the periapical lesion size during the active phase (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). Immunohistochemical studies showed that transforming growth factor-beta 1 positive macrophages distributed around the root apex and areas showing bone resorption during active lesion phase, whereas TGF-beta 1-positive osteoblasts were detected during the chronic stage (days 30, 60, and 80 after pulp exposure). Histologically TGF-beta 1 positive osteoblasts possessed a large, round nucleus as well as an abundant cytoplasm and located in close vicinity to areas exhibiting reparative bone formation. These results suggest that macrophages may play important role(s) in the initiation and development of periapical lesions and TGF-beta 1 may play dual roles in both bone resorption and deposition in induced rat periapical lesions.
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Chen GH, Tang SJ, Chen CS, Jiang ST. Overexpression of the soluble form of chicken cystatin in Escherichia coli and its purification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:2602-2607. [PMID: 10888591 DOI: 10.1021/jf000058x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding chicken cystatin was cloned into the pET-23a(+) expression vector and then transformed into Escherichia coli AD494(DE3)pLysS expression host. An active soluble form of cystatin was expressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli induced by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The recombinant chicken cystatin was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple and rapid method involving heat treatment and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration chromatography. The recombinant cystatin behaved as a thermal-stable protein and exhibited papain-like protease inhibition activity comparable to the natural chicken cystatin.
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Hsu AL, Ching TT, Sen G, Wang DS, Bondada S, Authi KS, Chen CS. Novel function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in T cell Ca2+ signaling. A phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ entry mechanism. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:16242-50. [PMID: 10748064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002077200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents evidence that phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase is involved in T cell Ca(2+) signaling via a phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate PI(3,4,5)P(3)-sensitive Ca(2+) entry pathway. First, exogenous PI(3,4,5)P(3) at concentrations close to its physiological levels induces Ca(2+) influx in T cells, whereas PI(3,4)P(2), PI(4, 5)P(2), and PI(3)P have no effect on [Ca(2+)](i). This Ca(2+) entry mechanism is cell type-specific as B cells and a number of cell lines examined do not respond to PI(3,4,5)P(3) stimulation. Second, inhibition of PI 3-kinase by wortmannin and by overexpression of the dominant negative inhibitor Deltap85 suppresses anti-CD3-induced Ca(2+) response, which could be reversed by subsequent exposure to PI(3,4,5)P(3). Third, PI(3,4,5)P(3) is capable of stimulating Ca(2+) efflux from Ca(2+)-loaded plasma membrane vesicles prepared from Jurkat T cells, suggesting that PI(3,4,5)P(3) interacts with a Ca(2+) entry system directly or via a membrane-bound protein. Fourth, although D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4, 5)P(4)) mimics PI(3,4,5)P(3) in many aspects of biochemical functions such as membrane binding and Ca(2+) transport, we raise evidence that Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) does not play a role in anti-CD3- or PI(3,4,5)P(3)-mediated Ca(2+) entry. This PI(3,4,5)P(3)-stimulated Ca(2+) influx connotes physiological significance, considering the pivotal role of PI 3-kinase in the regulation of T cell function. Given that PI 3-kinase and phospholipase C-gamma form multifunctional complexes downstream of many receptor signaling pathways, we hypothesize that PI(3,4,5)P(3)-induced Ca(2+) entry acts concertedly with Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-induced Ca(2+) release in initiating T cell Ca(2+) signaling. By using a biotinylated analog of PI(3,4,5)P(3) as the affinity probe, we have detected several putative PI(3,4,5)P(3)-binding proteins in T cell plasma membranes.
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Lin XZ, Chen CY, Chuang CH, Chen CS, Chang GL. An economically constructed feeding tube for pull-type percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Endoscopy 2000; 32:S25. [PMID: 10817192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Lin XZ, Chen CY, Chen CS. Modified technique for introducer-type percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy: assisted by a novel trocar and fasteners. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:381-5. [PMID: 10870327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Commercially available kits for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and jejunostomy comprise a substantial proportion of the cost of patients for this procedure. A modified introducer-type technique and new instrumentation for PEG and jejunostomy that substantially reduces the cost of the kit were tested for efficacy and safety. METHODS This technique was tested on 10 pigs as a pilot study, and then applied to seven consecutive patients undergoing gastrostomy and three patients undergoing gastrostomy with jejunostomy. The endoscopy and site selection for gastrostomy were the same as in standard PEG. Two novel fasteners for fixing the gastric wall to the abdominal wall and a guide-wire in the selected site were inserted separately into the stomach through 15-gauge needles. A stainless steel trocar with a detachable sheath was introduced into the stomach over the guide-wire. After the inner stylet was removed, a 24-French Foley catheter was inserted as a feeding tube. Gastrostomy was completed after balloon inflation and external fixation. If jejunostomy was indicated, a 12-French nasogastric tube was inserted through the gastrostomy. The procedure time, complications, and costs were compared with those for another 15 consecutive patients who underwent the conventional pull-through method of PEG and jejunostomy using commercially available kits. RESULTS No significant difference was found in procedure time between patients who underwent the modified or conventional gastrostomy procedures (mean +/- standard deviation, 15.4 +/- 5.6 min). There was a similar incidence of short-term complications in the two treatment groups. The feeding catheters required replacement more quickly than did those in the commercial kits (80 +/- 58 vs 217 +/- 140 d). The cost to patients was much less with the new method than with conventional PEG. CONCLUSIONS The new gastrostomy method achieves the same medical quality at far less cost for patients.
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Wang DS, Ching TT, St Pyrek J, Chen CS. Biotinylated phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate as affinity ligand. Anal Biochem 2000; 280:301-7. [PMID: 10790314 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), a primary output signal of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase, plays a crucial role in diverse cellular processes. Evidence indicates that PIP(3) exerts downstream signaling, in part, by recruiting effector proteins to plasma membranes. Consequently, identification of signaling enzymes with PIP(3)-binding motifs represents a viable approach to understand the mechanism by which specificity of the PI 3-kinase-mediated signaling network is maintained. To address this issue, we have developed biotinylated derivatives of PIP(3) as affinity probes for the purification and characterization of PIP(3)-binding proteins. Considering the relaxed requirement for the acyl moiety in PIP(3) recognition, these biotinylated PIP(3) analogues display two structural features. First, they contain short acyl side chains (C(4) and C(8)), allowing them to be soluble in aqueous milieu. This desirable feature avoids the formation of lipid aggregates, which minimizes nonspecific hydrophobic interactions with proteins. Second, the appended biotin is located at the terminus of the sn-1 acyl side chain, thereby maintaining the integrity of the phosphoinositol head group essential for selective recognition. The utility of these affinity ligands is validated by the purification of recombinant PIP(3)-binding proteins, expressed as GST fusion proteins, to homogeneity from bacterial lysates. These include the C-terminal SH2 domain of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase and the N-terminal PH domain of PLCgamma1. The efficiency of biotinylated PIP(3) analogues in the purification of these recombinant proteins was approximately 20% of that of glutathione beads
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Chen CS, Gee KR. Redox-dependent trafficking of 2,3,4,5, 6-pentafluorodihydrotetramethylrosamine, a novel fluorogenic indicator of cellular oxidative activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:1266-78. [PMID: 10889457 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The trafficking of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorodihydrotetramethylrosamine (PF-H(2)TMRos, also known as RedoxSensor Red), a new fluorogenic indicator for oxidative activity, was evaluated in a contact-inhibited cell line, normal rat kidney fibroblast (NRK-49F), using quantitative fluorescence microscopy. After cells were incubated with 1-5 microM dye at 37 degrees C for 10 to 30 min, fluorescent staining of its oxidized product (PF-TMRos) distributed in mitochondria and/or lysosomes. This distribution pattern varied depending on the proliferation state of cells. In proliferating cells, PF-H(2)TMRos was internalized through a nonendocytic pathway, then oxidized in the cytosol, followed by immediate targeting to active mitochondria, resulting in fluorescent staining in this organelle. Photo-oxidation experiments demonstrated that PF-H(2)TMRos is not directly transported to mitochondria. On the contrary, in contact-inhibited cells whose proliferation is inhibited, PF-H(2)TMRos enters cells and is transported to lysosomes before it is oxidized. This results in lysosomal rather than mitochondrial staining. In both proliferating and quiescent cell states, subcellular distribution of the oxidized dye PF-TMRos can be altered by treatment with an oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) or an antioxidant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine), indicating a regulatory relationship between cell proliferation and oxidative activity. In solution assay, this probe can be oxidized by a broad spectrum of oxidizing species including horseradish peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase, cytochrome c, cytochrome c and hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide (or nitrite), peroxynitrite, and lipid hydroperoxide. Based on its subcellular distribution and its oxidation by a broad range of oxidizing species, PF-H(2)TMRos is demonstrated to be a novel indicator for cellular oxidative stresses.
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Hsu AL, Ching TT, Wang DS, Song X, Rangnekar VM, Chen CS. The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib induces apoptosis by blocking Akt activation in human prostate cancer cells independently of Bcl-2. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:11397-403. [PMID: 10753955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.15.11397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the apoptotic activity of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib in prostate carcinoma cells. COX-2 is constitutively expressed in androgen-responsive LNCaP and androgen-nonresponsive PC-3 cells. Exposure of these cells to celecoxib induces characteristic features of apoptosis, including morphological changes, DNA laddering, and caspase-3 activation, whereas piroxicam, a COX-1-specific inhibitor, displays no appreciable effect on either cancer cell line even after prolonged exposure. Moreover, the potency of celecoxib in apoptosis induction is significantly higher than that of other COX-2 inhibitors examined despite the observation that these inhibitors exhibit similar IC(50) in COX-2 inhibition. It is noteworthy that normal human prostate epithelial cells, expressing a marginally detectable level of COX-2, are insensitive to the induction of apoptosis by celecoxib. These data suggest a correlation between COX-2 expression and sensitivity to the apoptotic effect of the COX-2 inhibitor. In an effort to delineate the underlying mechanism, we examined the effect of celecoxib on the expression of Bcl-2 as well as the activation of the key anti-apoptotic kinase Akt. In contrast to an earlier report that attributed the apoptotic activity of NS398 in LNCaP cells to Bcl-2 down-regulation, we provide evidence that the induction of apoptosis by celecoxib in LNCaP and PC-3 cells is independent of Bcl-2. First, treatment with celecoxib does not alter the cellular Bcl-2 level in both cell lines. Second, enforced Bcl-2 expression in PC-3 cells does not confer protection against the induction of apoptosis by celecoxib. Our data show that celecoxib treatment blocks the phosphorylation of Akt. This correlation is supported by studies showing that overexpression of constitutively active Akt protects PC-3 cells from celecoxib-induced apoptosis. Nevertheless, how celecoxib down-regulates Akt is not clear because the drug does not adversely affect phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in vivo and okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor, cannot rescue the inhibition. In summary, our data demonstrate that inhibition of Akt activation may play a crucial role in the induction of apoptosis by celecoxib.
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Chen CS, Chen WN, Zhou M, Arttamangkul S, Haugland RP. Probing the cathepsin D using a BODIPY FL-pepstatin A: applications in fluorescence polarization and microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2000; 42:137-51. [PMID: 10737220 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redistribution of cathepsin D, a major lysosomal aspartic endopeptidase, has been related to various pathological progressions during tumor formation and oxidation stress. We have synthesized a fluorescent probe for cathepsin D, where the pepstatin A was covalently conjugated with the BODIPY (Boron dipyrromethene difluoride) fluorophore. In vitro, BODIPY FL-pepstatin A inhibits cathepsin D activity with an IC50 of 10 nM. The nature of its binding to cathepsin D was further characterized using a fluorescence polarization measurement. Results showed that BODIPY FL-pepstatin A selectively binds to cathepsin D at pH 4.5. In fixed cells, BODIPY FL-pepstatin A stained lysosomes, where it co-localized with cathepsin D. This staining was depleted when cells were co-incubated with unlabeled pepstatin A in acidic buffer. In live cells, BODIPY FL-pepstatin A is internalized and transported to lysosomes. The staining in the lysosomes can be competed with unlabeled pepstatin A. These properties, along with the good photostability of the BODIPY FL fluorophore, make this probe a novel tool for the study of the secretion and trafficking of cathepsin D.
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Wu CT, Chuang CK, Chou CC, Chu SH, Chen HW, Chen CS, Chiang YJ, Liao SK. The role of free to total prostate-specific antigen ratio for prostate cancer in screening patients with total serum levels between 4 and 20 ng/ml. CHANG GUNG MEDICAL JOURNAL 2000; 23:142-8. [PMID: 15641217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We retrospectively tried to determine if the free to total prostate-specific antigen (f/t PSA) ratio could improve the specificity of PSA in prostate cancer screening of patients with total serum levels between 4 and 20 ng/ml. METHODS Two hundred ninety-five patients with serum PSA levels from 4 to 20 ng/ml had undergone sextant prostate needle biopsy. Each patient had no prior history of prostate cancer, acute urine retention, or prostatitis. Prebiopsy free PSA values were measured in 155 patients. Total PSA levels were determined with the AxSYM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Free PSA levels were measured with the AxSYM microparticle enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Mean f/t PSA ratios were 0.114+/-0.004 in men of the cancer group and 0.161+/-0.008 in men of the benign group (p<0.002). Based on the analysis of sensitivity and specificity in relation to f/t PSA ratios, use of the 18% cutoff point could detect 89% of cancer cases, and at the same time could avoid 35% of unnecessary prostate biopsies. The areas under the receiver-of-characteristic curve for f/t PSA ratio and total PSA were 0.649 and 0.545, respectively. CONCLUSION Serum f/t PSA ratios were significantly lower in patients with prostate cancer than in patients with benign disease. The determination of an appropriate f/t PSA ratio should be based on the generated data such as that demonstrated in this study in order to improve diagnostic accuracy and specificity for patients with equivocal PSA values and to avoid conducting unnecessary prostate biopsies.
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Wu CF, Wang LJ, Chen CS. Images in clinical urology. Magnetic resonance imaging of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney. Urology 2000; 55:284-5. [PMID: 10688096 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chao AS, Lai CH, Hsueh S, Chen CS, Yang YC, Soong YK. Successful treatment of recurrent pelvic desmoid tumour with tamoxifen: case report. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:311-3. [PMID: 10655300 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.2.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The case report of a young woman with recurrent pelvic desmoid tumour successfully treated with tamoxifen is described. The desmoid tumour recurred within 6 months after the initial exploratory laparotomy. Tamoxifen therapy led to complete relief of ascites within 2 months and complete tumour regression by the end of the fourth month, and the patient has remained stable for 6 years. Without sacrificing pelvic organs or major vessels and preserving reproductive ability, tamoxifen should be considered as the first drug of choice in such a recurrent condition.
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Liu CH, Chuang CK, Chu SH, Chen HW, Chen CS, Chiang YJ, Chou CC. Enterovesical fistula: experiences with 41 cases in 12 years. CHANGGENG YI XUE ZA ZHI 1999; 22:598-603. [PMID: 10695207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A retrospective analysis of enterovesical fistula treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital was conducted to determine the optimal diagnosis and management of this disease. METHODS The records of 41 patients who presented from 1984 to 1996 and had a final diagnosis of enterovesical fistula were retrospectively reviewed. The etiology, symptoms on presentation, diagnostic tools, and modality of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS The majority of these cases were associated with malignancy (38, 92.7%), and the others with diverticulitis (2, 4.9%) and iatrogenic causes (1, 2.4%). In those with malignancy, 15 patients (39.5%) were found to have tumor recurrence. The most frequent symptom in enterovesical fistula was fecaluria (58.5%), followed by abdominal pain (22%) and dysuria (14.6%). Diagnostic tools included the barium enema, cystography, and cystoscopy; these methods could identify the fistula in 63.2%, 60%, and 53.8% of the patients, respectively. Methods of management included diversion only (39%), one-stage fistula repair (36.6%), and watchful surveillance (24.4%). CONCLUSION Enterovesical fistula should be considered if fecaluria, pneumaturia, or persistent non-specific urinary tract infection present as the initial complaint. A thorough surgery for a possible underlying malignancy is mandatory when confronted with enterovesical fistula, since the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is low in this area. An abdominal computer tomography (CT) scan, barium enema, and cystogram can be useful diagnostic tools. Treatment of this entity should be individualized according to each patients clinical status.
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