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Schaper F, Koehler C, Duetting ED, Hanefeld M. Einfluss von Hypoglykämien auf die akute Herzfunktion bei Typ 2 Diabetes-Patienten: Simultane CGM- und EKG- Messungen unter Therapie mit DPP-4 Inhibitoren Vildagliptin und Sitagliptin bei Insulin-behandelten Patienten. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Beyer-Westendorf J, Gelbricht V, Foerster K, Ebertz F, Koehler C, Tittl L, Werth S. Periinterventional management of novel oral anticoagulants: results of the prospective Dresden NOAC registry. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Scherzed A, Hackenberg S, Froelich K, Rak K, Technau A, Radeloff A, Nöth U, Koehler C, Hagen R, Kleinsasser N. Effects of salinomycin on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:207-14. [PMID: 23410960 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Various hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist, including that CSCs develop from transformed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). Since the polyether antibiotic salinomycin selectively kills CSCs, the present study aims to elucidate the effects of salinomycin on normal hBMSC. The immunophenotype of hBMSC after salinomycin exposure was observed by flow cytometry. The multi-differentiation capacity of hBMSC was evaluated by Oil Red O and van Kossa staining. Cytotoxic effects of salinomycin were monitored by the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Furthermore, spheroid formation and migration capacity were assessed. There were no differences in the immunophenotype and multi-differentiation capacity of hBMSC induced by salinomycin treatment. Cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations of 30 μM and above. Neither the migration capability nor the ability to form spheroids was affected. Essential functional properties of hBMSC were unaffected by salinomycin. However, dose-dependent cytotoxicity effects could be observed. Overall, low dose salinomycin showed no negative effects on hBMSC. Since mesenchymal stem cells from various sources respond differently, further in vitro studies are needed to clarify the effect of salinomycin on tissue-specific stem cells.
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Koehler C, Round A, Simader H, Suck D, Svergun D. Quaternary structure of the yeast Arc1p-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in solution and its compaction upon binding of tRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:667-76. [PMID: 23161686 PMCID: PMC3592460 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) GluRS and MetRS form a complex with the auxiliary protein cofactor Arc1p. The latter binds the N-terminal domains of both synthetases increasing their affinity for the transfer-RNA (tRNA) substrates tRNA(Met) and tRNA(Glu). Until now, structural information was available only on the enzymatic domains of the individual aaRSs but not on their complexes with associated cofactors. We have analysed the yeast Arc1p-complexes in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The ternary complex of MetRS and GluRS with Arc1p, displays a peculiar extended star-like shape, implying possible flexibility of the complex. We reconstituted in vitro a pentameric complex and demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that the complex is active and contains tRNA(Met) and tRNA(Glu), in addition to the three protein partners. SAXS reveals that binding of the tRNAs leads to a dramatic compaction of the pentameric complex compared to the ternary one. A hybrid low-resolution model of the pentameric complex is constructed rationalizing the compaction effect by the interactions of negatively charged tRNA backbones with the positively charged tRNA-binding domains of the synthetases.
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MESH Headings
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/chemistry
- Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/metabolism
- Methionine-tRNA Ligase/chemistry
- Methionine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Transfer, Glu/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Glu/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Met/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Met/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Scattering, Small Angle
- X-Ray Diffraction
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Milles S, Tyagi S, Plass T, Koehler C, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Labeling Freedom for the Single Molecule Microscopist. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Milles S, Koehler C, Gambin Y, Deniz AA, Lemke EA. Intramolecular three-colour single pair FRET of intrinsically disordered proteins with increased dynamic range. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2531-4. [PMID: 22739670 PMCID: PMC3441834 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule observation of fluorescence resonance energy transfer can be used to provide insight into the structure and dynamics of proteins. Using a straightforward triple-colour labelling strategy, we present a measurement and analysis scheme that can simultaneously study multiple regions within single intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Stahn A, Thomas A, Koehler C, Hanefeld M. Beziehungen zwischen Hypoglykämien, Glukoseschwankungen und Arrhythmien bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Becker H, Hanefeld M, Tielsch K, Koehler C. Ein einfacher Score zur Früherkennung von Diabetes mellitus Typ2 und Metabolischem Syndrom. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Szymański J, Mueller R, Wießler M, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Amino Acids for Diels-Alder Reactions in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4166-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Szymański J, Mueller R, Wießler M, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Amino Acids for Diels-Alder Reactions in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Koehler C, Ginzkey C, Kleinsasser NH, Hagen R, Reiners C, Verburg FA. Short-term severe thyroid hormone deficiency does not influence sleep parameters. Sleep Breath 2012; 17:253-8. [PMID: 22411172 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of short-term severe thyroid hormone deficiency on sleep is currently still unknown. Several studies have demonstrated an effect of long-term hypothyroidism on sleep disorders due to anatomical changes of the pharynx or body mass. The aim of this preliminary study, however, is to evaluate the changes in sleep patterns of patients with short-term hypothyroidism to elucidate the isolated effect of thyroid hormone withdrawal before anatomical changes can potentially occur. METHODS Ten patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Two patients discontinued the study and one patient was finally excluded due to obesity, so that the datasets of seven patients were available for study analysis. During the course of carcinoma treatment, each patient had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and I-131 remnant ablation. Polysomnographic measurements were performed twice: (1) over the course of two consecutive nights during severe thyroid hormone deficiency after levothyroxine withdrawal and prior to further diagnostics and therapy and (2) during euthyroidism after substitution with levothyroxine. RESULTS Comparison of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale during hypo- and euthyroidism for each patient revealed no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, the comparison of polysomnographic parameters like (1) apnea-hypopnea index, (2) the duration of various sleep stages, (3) duration of rapid eye movement sleep, (4) latency until rapid eye movement sleep, (5) total sleep time, (6) periodic leg movements, and (7) arousal index showed no statistically significant differences between the hypothyroid or euthyroid state. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, in this preliminary experimental setting, short-term severe thyroid hormone deficiency per se does not cause sleep disturbances and a feeling of fatigue as described in other studies may be due to changes in perception or brain metabolism during hypothyroidism.
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Milles S, Tyagi S, Banterle N, Koehler C, VanDelinder V, Plass T, Neal AP, Lemke EA. Click strategies for single-molecule protein fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5187-95. [PMID: 22356317 DOI: 10.1021/ja210587q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule methods have matured into central tools for studies in biology. Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques, in particular, have been widely applied to study biomolecular structure and dynamics. The major bottleneck for a facile and general application of these studies arises from the need to label biological samples site-specifically with suitable fluorescent dyes. In this work, we present an optimized strategy combining click chemistry and the genetic encoding of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) to overcome this limitation for proteins. We performed a systematic study with a variety of clickable UAAs and explored their potential for high-resolution single-molecule FRET (smFRET). We determined all parameters that are essential for successful single-molecule studies, such as accessibility of the probes, expression yield of proteins, and quantitative labeling. Our multiparameter fluorescence analysis allowed us to gain new insights into the effects and photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes linked to various UAAs for smFRET measurements. This led us to determine that, from the extended tool set that we now present, genetically encoding propargyllysine has major advantages for state-of-the-art measurements compared to other UAAs. Using this optimized system, we present a biocompatible one-step dual-labeling strategy of the regulatory protein RanBP3 with full labeling position freedom. Our technique allowed us then to determine that the region encompassing two FxFG repeat sequences adopts a disordered but collapsed state. RanBP3 serves here as a prototypical protein that, due to its multiple cysteines, size, and partially disordered structure, is not readily accessible to any of the typical structure determination techniques such as smFRET, NMR, and X-ray crystallography.
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Labeling Freedom for the Single Molecule Microscopist. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Koehler C, Gottschalk E, Chiantera V, Marnitz S, Hasenbein K, Schneider A. From laparoscopic assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy to vaginal assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. BJOG 2011; 119:254-62. [PMID: 22082331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard surgical treatment for patients with early stage cervical cancer. The majority of radical hysterectomies are performed with the open technique. However, laparoscopic, combined laparoscopic and vaginal, and robotic-assisted approaches may also be used. Compared with the abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH), laparoscopic techniques are associated with less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, better cosmesis, and faster recovery. A further breakthrough in laparoscopic technique can only be made if safety and oncological clearance are comparable with ARH. We describe the technique and results of laparoscopic assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy and the transition to vaginal assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.
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Hofer M, Koehler C, Li W, Manders P, Campbell I. PS1-113 Loss of IRF9 prevents lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice at the cost of viral persistence and chronic inflammation in the CNS. Cytokine 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Genetically encoded copper-free click chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3878-81. [PMID: 21433234 PMCID: PMC3210829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Genetisch kodierte kupferfreie Klick-Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Altenburg N, Joraschky P, Barthel A, Bittner A, Pöhlmann K, Rietzsch H, Fischer S, Mennicken G, Koehler C, Bornstein SR. Alcohol consumption and other psycho-social conditions as important factors in the development of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabet Med 2011; 28:168-74. [PMID: 21219424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize bio-psycho-social factors, particularly mental disorders and self-harm behaviour, associated with the development of diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS Two groups of diabetic patients with and without foot ulcers (n=47 in each group) with similar sex, age and diabetes duration were assessed for mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Self-harm behaviour, quality of life, depressive symptoms and self-compassion were rated using different standard questionnaires. RESULTS Patients from the ulcer group visited their practitioners and/or psychotherapists less frequently in the last 12 months than patients in the control group 0 vs. 13%; P=0.026). The ulcer group patients had a history of increased alcohol consumption (43 vs. 19%; P=0.025), lower levels of education (8 vs. 10 grades; P=0.014) and income (1190 vs. 1535 €/month; P=0.039). Additionally, they were less likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders (11 vs. 32%; P=0.022). No significant differences in glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, smoking and direct self-harm behaviour were identified. CONCLUSIONS Patients with foot ulcers tend to exhibit lower health-conscious behaviour, particularly higher lifetime alcohol consumption, lower utilization of medical services and less general anxiety. Practitioners should be aware of these behaviours, since early detection of diabetes patients at psycho-social risk and consecutive psychological intervention may be an effective preventive strategy in avoiding the development of foot ulcers.
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Engler B, Koehler C, Hoffmann C, Landgraf W, Bilz S, Schoner C, Bornstein SR, Hanefeld M. Relationship between HbA1c on target, risk of silent hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2011; 119:59-61. [PMID: 21246466 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1262874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare time spent at low glucose level (silent hypoglycemia, glucose <3.0 mmol/l) and glycemic variability in patients who reached HbA1c <7.0% with those who did not. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 108 type 2 diabetic patients the interstitial glucose concentration was measured with CGMS (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System) over 72 h. Patients were divided in group 1 with an HbA1c <7.0% (n=63) and group 2 with an HbA1c≥7.0% (n=45). RESULTS 24% in group 1 experienced silent hypoglycemia vs. 11% in group 2 (n. s.), duration of silent hypoglycemia over 48 h was 27±71 min vs. 7±36 min (n. s.). This was also valid for the subgroups treated with insulin. Patients in group 2 had a significantly higher standard deviation of average glucose (2.3±0.8 vs. 1.3±0.6; p<0.001) and MAGE (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions) (4.8±2.1 vs. 2.6±1.1; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Silent hypoglycemia tended to occur more often and to last longer in patients with HbA1c <7%. However, patients with HbA1c >7% had a higher glycemic variability. HbA1c >7% wasn't a reliable indicator of lower risk of hypoglycemia.
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Koehler C, Ginzkey C, Friehs G, Hackenberg S, Froelich K, Scherzed A, Burghartz M, Kessler M, Kleinsasser N. Aspects of nitrogen dioxide toxicity in environmental urban concentrations in human nasal epithelium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 245:219-25. [PMID: 20214917 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) as part of urban exhaust pollution are widely discussed as potential hazards to human health. This study focuses on toxic effects of NO(2) in realistic environmental concentrations with respect to the current limit values in a human target tissue of volatile xenobiotics, the epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Nasal epithelial cells of 10 patients were cultured as an air-liquid interface and exposed to 0.01 ppm NO(2), 0.1 ppm NO(2), 1 ppm NO(2), 10 ppm NO(2) and synthetic air for half an hour. After exposure, genotoxicity was evaluated by the alkaline single-cell microgel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and by induction of micronuclei in the micronucleus test. Depression of proliferation and cytotoxic effects were determined using the micronucleus assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. The experiments revealed genotoxic effects by DNA fragmentation starting at 0.01 ppm NO(2) in the Comet assay, but no micronucleus inductions, no changes in proliferation, no signs of necrosis or apoptosis in the micronucleus assay, nor did the trypan blue exclusion assay show any changes in viability. The present data reveal a possible genotoxicity of NO(2) in urban concentrations in a screening test. However, permanent DNA damage as indicated by the induction of micronuclei was not observed. Further research should elucidate the effects of prolonged exposure.
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Hanefeld M, Koehler C, Hoffmann C, Wilhelm K, Kamke W, Gerstein H. Effect of targeting normal fasting glucose levels with basal insulin glargine on glycaemic variability and risk of hypoglycaemia: a randomized, controlled study in patients with early Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2010; 27:175-80. [PMID: 20546261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this sub-study of the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial was to determine efficacy and safety of targeting normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in patients with early Type 2 diabetes treated with insulin glargine in comparison with standard care. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to insulin or standard care. Insulin was titrated to reach FPG <or= 5.3 mmol/l. Two years after randomization in a small subset (43 glargine, 32 standard care), continuous glucose measurement (CGMS System Gold), including a test meal, was performed. Sixteen volunteers with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) served as control subjects. Objectives were glycaemic variability, standard deviation (sd), mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE) with postprandial glucose excursion after the test meal, time spent < 3.0 mmol/l interstitial glucose. RESULTS Participants allocated to insulin and standard care had FPG levels of 5.3 and 6.1 mmol/l (P = 0.019) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 5.7% and 5.9%, respectively (P < 0.025). Time (min/24 h) spent at low glucose levels was not significantly different between groups (30.6 +/- 83.8 min control subjects, 33.7 +/- 75.1 min insulin, 10.6 +/- 50.6 min standard care). Standard deviation and MAGE were similar for glargine and standard care, but significantly higher than in control subjects. If FPG was < 5.3 mmol/l, the postprandial glucose excursion was in the range seen in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Treatment to target of FPG < 5.3 mmol/l with insulin glargine was not associated with significantly increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Strict control of FPG with insulin glargine was effective to control postprandial glucose excursion, but had no significant effect on sd and MAGE.
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Koehler C, Wischgoll T. Knowledge-assisted reconstruction of the human rib cage and lungs. IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS 2010; 30:17-29. [PMID: 24807090 DOI: 10.1109/mcg.2010.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Hanefeld M, Ott P, Benke I, Stelzer J, Koehler C. Risikofaktoren für kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen und Mortalität in einer bevölkerungsbasierten prospektiven Studie von Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes: Die Diabetes In Germany (DIG) Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rudnick ND, Koehler C, Picciotto MR, Siegel SJ. Role of beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in auditory event-related potentials. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 202:745-51. [PMID: 18931833 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine improves sensory processing in schizophrenic individuals, as measured by changes in auditory event-related potentials (ERPs). Nicotine administration also alters ERPs in mice by increasing the amplitude and gating of the P20 ERP component while decreasing the amplitude of the N40 ERP component. Less is known about the role of specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined whether nAChRs containing the beta2 subunit contribute to nicotine's effects on auditory ERPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the effect of nicotine in wild-type mice and mice lacking the beta2 nAChR subunit. Mice underwent stereotaxic implantation of stainless steel electrodes located in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and 50 paired click stimuli were delivered during each drug condition. RESULTS There was no significant difference in P20 or N40 amplitude or gating between genotypes during the control condition, suggesting that beta2-containing receptors are not essential for the baseline auditory ERP response. Nicotine increased P20 amplitude and enhanced gating in wild-type and beta2 knockout mice, but only decreased N40 amplitude in wild-type mice. There was no effect of nicotine on N40 gating in either genotype. CONCLUSIONS beta2-containing receptors are necessary for nicotine's effects on the N40 component of the mouse auditory ERP. These results suggest that beta2-containing nAChRs modulate sensory processing and may serve as a therapeutic target in schizophrenic individuals.
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Pistrosch F, Schaper F, Passauer J, Koehler C, Bornstein SR, Hanefeld M. Effects of the alpha glucosidase inhibitor acarbose on endothelial function after a mixed meal in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2009; 41:104-8. [PMID: 19061152 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been suggested as a possible causal link between postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent trials demonstrated a reduction of cardiovascular events by treatment with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose - a drug which mainly reduces postprandial glucose excursions. We were interested to know whether patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes showed postprandial ED and if so whether acarbose was able to improve this condition. Forearm blood flow (FBF) measurements for assessment of ED were performed in the fasting and postprandial state in 20 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 10 healthy control subjects. After baseline examination, patients were randomly assigned to a 20-week treatment of acarbose 100 mg t.i.d or matching placebo, thereafter FBF measurements were repeated. FBF of patients in the fasting state was significantly impaired compared to healthy control subjects (max. FBF 5.3+/-0.7 vs. 8.0+/-0.9 ml/100 ml, p<0.02) and did not change in the postprandial state (max. FBF 5.6+/-0.7 ml/100 ml). In contrast, healthy controls showed a significant improvement of FBF in the postprandial state (11.5+/-1.2 ml/100 ml), which is compatible with postprandial ED in the group of patients. Twenty weeks of acarbose treatment did not affect either fasting or postprandial FBF in patients. Early type 2 diabetes is a state of both fasting and postprandial ED, which is not sensitive to acarbose treatment. Protective cardiovascular effects of acarbose might involve other mechanisms.
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