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Laubreton D, Drajac C, Eléouët JF, Rameix-Welti MA, Lo-Man R, Riffault S, Descamps D. Regulatory B Lymphocytes Colonize the Respiratory Tract of Neonatal Mice and Modulate Immune Responses of Alveolar Macrophages to RSV Infection in IL-10-Dependant Manner. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080822. [PMID: 32751234 PMCID: PMC7472339 DOI: 10.3390/v12080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the prevalent pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections in children. The presence of neonatal regulatory B lymphocytes (nBreg) has been associated with a poor control of RSV infection in human newborns and with bronchiolitis severity. So far, little is known about how nBreg may contribute to neonatal immunopathology to RSV. We tracked nBreg in neonatal BALB/c mice and we investigated their impact on lung innate immunity, especially their crosstalk with alveolar macrophages (AMs) upon RSV infection. We showed that the colonization by nBreg during the first week of life is a hallmark of neonatal lung whereas this population is almost absent in adult lung. This particular period of age when nBreg are abundant corresponds to the same period when RSV replication in lungs fails to generate a type-I interferons (IFN-I) response and is not contained. When neonatal AMs are exposed to RSV in vitro, they produce IFN-I that in turn enhances IL-10 production by nBreg. IL-10 reciprocally can decrease IFN-I secretion by AMs. Thus, our work identified nBreg as an important component of neonatal lungs and pointed out new immunoregulatory interactions with AMs in the context of RSV infection.
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Sesterhenn F, Yang C, Bonet J, Cramer JT, Wen X, Wang Y, Chiang CI, Abriata LA, Kucharska I, Castoro G, Vollers SS, Galloux M, Dheilly E, Rosset S, Corthésy P, Georgeon S, Villard M, Richard CA, Descamps D, Delgado T, Oricchio E, Rameix-Welti MA, Más V, Ervin S, Eléouët JF, Riffault S, Bates JT, Julien JP, Li Y, Jardetzky T, Krey T, Correia BE. De novo protein design enables the precise induction of RSV-neutralizing antibodies. Science 2020; 368:eaay5051. [PMID: 32409444 PMCID: PMC7391827 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
De novo protein design has been successful in expanding the natural protein repertoire. However, most de novo proteins lack biological function, presenting a major methodological challenge. In vaccinology, the induction of precise antibody responses remains a cornerstone for next-generation vaccines. Here, we present a protein design algorithm called TopoBuilder, with which we engineered epitope-focused immunogens displaying complex structural motifs. In both mice and nonhuman primates, cocktails of three de novo-designed immunogens induced robust neutralizing responses against the respiratory syncytial virus. Furthermore, the immunogens refocused preexisting antibody responses toward defined neutralization epitopes. Overall, our design approach opens the possibility of targeting specific epitopes for the development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies and, more generally, will be applicable to the design of de novo proteins displaying complex functional motifs.
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Calzas C, Descamps D, Chignard M, Chevalier C. Editorial: Innovative Therapeutic and Vaccine Approaches Against Respiratory Pathogens. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2960. [PMID: 31921201 PMCID: PMC6929520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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Bryche B, Frétaud M, Saint-Albin Deliot A, Galloux M, Sedano L, Langevin C, Descamps D, Rameix-Welti MA, Eléouët JF, Le Goffic R, Meunier N. Respiratory syncytial virus tropism for olfactory sensory neurons in mice. J Neurochem 2020; 155:137-153. [PMID: 31811775 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa, where the first step of odor detection occurs, is a privileged pathway for environmental toxicants and pathogens toward the central nervous system. Indeed, some pathogens can infect olfactory sensory neurons including their axons projecting to the olfactory bulb allowing them to bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the central nervous system (CNS) through the so-called olfactory pathway. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory tract pathogen but there is growing evidence that RSV may lead to CNS impairments. However, the mechanisms involved in RSV entering into the CNS have been poorly described. In this study, we wanted to explore the capacity of RSV to reach the CNS via the olfactory pathway and to better characterize RSV cellular tropism in the nasal cavity. We first explored the distribution of RSV infectious sites in the nasal cavity by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and a tissue clearing protocol combined with deep-tissue imaging and 3D image analyses. This whole tissue characterization was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and molecular biology approaches. Together, our results provide a novel 3D atlas of mouse nasal cavity anatomy and show that RSV can infect olfactory sensory neurons giving access to the central nervous system by entering the olfactory bulb. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14765.
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30
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San C, Lê MP, Matheron S, Mourvillier B, Caseris M, Timsit JF, Wolff M, Yazdanpanah Y, Descamps D, Peytavin G. Management of oral antiretroviral administration in patients with swallowing disorders or with an enteral feeding tube. Med Mal Infect 2019; 50:537-544. [PMID: 31722864 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection has evolved into a chronic disease with comorbidities since the combination antiretroviral therapy era. Complications still occur and patients may need to be admitted to an intensive care unit. Acute respiratory failure is the first cause of these admissions, questioning the administration of solid oral dosage formulations. This issue is also observed in geriatric units where the prevalence of dysphagia is high and underestimated. The problem of antiretroviral administration is critical: altered solid oral dosage formulations and/or administration via enteral feeding tubes are sometimes the only option. The aim is to help manage antiretroviral treatment in unconscious or intubated patients and those with swallowing disorders who are hospitalized in intensive care units or geriatric units. This review provides information on the main antiretroviral regimens and on practical and legal aspects of manipulating solid oral dosage formulations and administration via enteral feeding tubes. Alternatives to the solid formulation are available for most of the 27 oral antiretrovirals available, or manufacturers provide recommendations for patients who are unable to swallow. Manipulation of solid oral dosage formulations such as crushing tablets or opening capsules and administration via feeding tubes are frequently reported but should be the last option for safety and liability issues. Before any off-label administration of a drug, physicians should consider alternatives to the solid oral dosage formulation and check whether the drug can be altered. Therapeutic monitoring is important in this particular setting as the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs is difficult to predict.
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Lambert-Niclot S, Grude M, Chaix ML, Charpentier C, Reigadas S, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Rodallec A, Amiel C, Maillard A, Dufayard J, Mourez T, Mirand A, Guinard J, Montes B, Vallet S, Marcelin AG, Descamps D, Flandre P, Delaugerre C, Morand-Joubert L. Emerging resistance mutations in PI-naive patients failing an atazanavir-based regimen (ANRS multicentre observational study). J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2147-2151. [PMID: 29718247 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atazanavir is a PI widely used as a third agent in combination ART. We aimed to determine the prevalence and the patterns of resistance in PI-naive patients failing on an atazanavir-based regimen. Methods We analysed patients failing on an atazanavir-containing regimen used as a first line of PI therapy. We compared the sequences of reverse transcriptase and protease before the introduction of atazanavir and at failure [two consecutive viral loads (VLs) >50 copies/mL]. Resistance was defined according to the 2014 Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS) algorithm. Results Among the 113 patients, atazanavir was used in the first regimen in 71 (62.8%) patients and in the first line of a PI-based regimen in 42 (37.2%). Atazanavir was boosted with ritonavir in 95 (84.1%) patients and combined with tenofovir/emtricitabine or lamivudine (n = 81) and abacavir/lamivudine or emtricitabine (n = 22). At failure, median VL was 3.05 log10 copies/mL and the median CD4+ T cell count was 436 cells/mm3. The median time on atazanavir was 21.2 months. At failure, viruses were considered resistant to atazanavir in four patients (3.5%) with the selection of the following major atazanavir-associated mutations: I50L (n = 1), I84V (n = 2) and N88S (n = 1). Other emergent PI mutations were L10V, G16E, K20I/R, L33F, M36I/L, M46I/L, G48V, F53L, I54L, D60E, I62V, A71T/V, V82I/T, L90M and I93L/M. Emergent NRTI substitutions were detected in 21 patients: M41L (n = 2), D67N (n = 3), K70R (n = 1), L74I/V (n = 3), M184V/I (n = 16), L210W (n = 1), T215Y/F (n = 3) and K219Q/E (n = 2). Conclusions Resistance to atazanavir is rare in patients failing the first line of an atazanavir-based regimen according to the ANRS. Emergent NRTI resistance-associated mutations were reported in 18% of patients.
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Nguyen T, Fofana DB, Lê MP, Charpentier C, Peytavin G, Wirden M, Lambert-Niclot S, Desire N, Grude M, Morand-Joubert L, Flandre P, Katlama C, Descamps D, Calvez V, Todesco E, Marcelin AG. Prevalence and clinical impact of minority resistant variants in patients failing an integrase inhibitor-based regimen by ultra-deep sequencing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2485-2492. [PMID: 29873733 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are recommended by international guidelines as first-line therapy in antiretroviral-naive and -experienced HIV-1-infected patients. Objectives This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence at failure of INSTI-resistant variants and the impact of baseline minority resistant variants (MiRVs) on the virological response to an INSTI-based regimen. Methods Samples at failure of 134 patients failing a raltegravir-containing (n = 65), an elvitegravir-containing (n = 20) or a dolutegravir-containing (n = 49) regimen were sequenced by Sanger sequencing and ultra-deep sequencing (UDS). Baseline samples of patients with virological failure (VF) (n = 34) and of those with virological success (VS) (n = 31) under INSTI treatment were sequenced by UDS. Data were analysed using the SmartGene platform, and resistance was interpreted according to the ANRS algorithm version 27. Results At failure, the prevalence of at least one INSTI-resistant variant was 39.6% by Sanger sequencing and 57.5% by UDS, changing the interpretation of resistance in 17/134 (13%) patients. Among 53 patients harbouring at least one resistance mutation detected by both techniques, the most dominant INSTI resistance mutations were N155H (45%), Q148H/K/R (23%), T97A (19%) and Y143C (11%). There was no difference in prevalence of baseline MiRVs between patients with VF and those with VS. MiRVs found at baseline in patients with VF were not detected at failure either in majority or minority mutations. Conclusions UDS is more sensitive than Sanger sequencing at detecting INSTI MiRVs at treatment failure. The presence of MiRVs at failure could be important to the decision to switch to other INSTIs. However, there was no association between the presence of baseline MiRVs and the response to INSTI-based therapies in our study.
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Comby A, Descamps D, Beauvarlet S, Gonzalez A, Guichard F, Petit S, Zaouter Y, Mairesse Y. Cascaded harmonic generation from a fiber laser: a milliwatt XUV source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20383-20396. [PMID: 31510133 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progresses in femtosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser technology are opening new perspectives in strong field physics and attosecond science. High-order harmonic generation from these systems is particularly interesting because it provides high flux beams of ultrashort extreme ultraviolet radiation. A great deal of effort has been devoted to optimize the macroscopic generation parameters. Here we investigate the possibility of enhancing the single-atom response by producing high-order harmonics from the second, third and fourth harmonics of a turnkey 50 W, 166 kHz femtosecond Yb-fiber laser providing 135 fs pulses at 1030 nm. We show that the harmonic efficiency is optimal when the process is driven by the third harmonic, producing 6.6 ± 1.3 × 1014 photons/s at 18 eV in argon, which corresponds to 1.9 ± 0.4 mW average power.
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Ferré VM, Ekouevi DK, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Collin G, Le Hingrat Q, Tchounga B, Salou M, Descamps D, Charpentier C, Dagnra AC. Prevalence of human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Togo: a national cross-sectional survey. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1560.e1-1560.e7. [PMID: 31051265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sub-Saharan Africa is a region with high incidence of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cervical cancer. We conducted the first national study in Togo to assess prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSW). METHODS A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted among FSW recruited in hot spots (clubs, streets) in four Togolese cities. HPV and STIs were tested from cervical and anal swabs. HIV and syphilis were screened with rapid tests. RESULTS In all, 310 FSW were recruited; HIV and cervical high-risk HPV (hrHPV) prevalence were 10.6% (33/310) and 32.9% (102/310), respectively. The most frequent hrHPV types were HPV58 (13.6%, 19/140), HPV35 (12.9%, 18/140), HPV31 (12.1%, 17/140) and HPV16 (10.7%, 15/140). Prevalence of hrHPV and multiple hrHPV infections showed higher rates in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative FSW (48.5% versus 31.0%, p 0.04 and 21.2% versus 9.0%, p 0.03; respectively). Prevalence of hrHPV was higher in cervical than anal swabs (34.1% versus 20.7%, p 0.0004). High-risk HPV anal infections were more frequent among HIV-positive than HIV-negative FSW (51.9% versus 17.3%, p 2 × 10-5). Concomitant anal and cervical hrHPV infections were present in 43.2% (41/95) of hrHPV-positive FSW. Overall prevalence in the cervix of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis were 4.2%, 6.1%, 5.5% and 6.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This first African study on paired cervical and anal samples showed a high prevalence of genital HPV infections with a rather high rate of concomitant HPV infections but low type concordance. We report an unusual distribution of hrHPV types. These findings highlight the critical need for implementation of a national HPV vaccination strategy.
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35
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Quintard L, Strelkov V, Vabek J, Hort O, Dubrouil A, Descamps D, Burgy F, Péjot C, Mével E, Catoire F, Constant E. Optics-less focusing of XUV high-order harmonics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7175. [PMID: 30972360 PMCID: PMC6450687 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
By experimentally studying high-order harmonic beams generated in gases, we show how the spatial characteristics of these ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) beams can be finely controlled when a single fundamental beam generates harmonics in a thin gas medium. We demonstrate that these XUV beams can be emitted as converging beams and thereby get focused after generation. We study this optics-less focusing using a spatially chirped beam that acts as a probe located inside the harmonic generation medium. We analyze the XUV beam evolution with an analytical model and obtain very good agreement with experimental measurements. The XUV foci sizes and positions vary strongly with the harmonic order, and the XUV waist can be located at arbitrarily large distances from the generating medium. We discuss how intense XUV fields can be obtained with optics-less focusing and how the order-dependent XUV beam characteristics are compatible with broadband XUV irradiation and attosecond science.
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36
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Nguyen A, Kaltenecker KJ, Delagnes JC, Zhou B, Cormier E, Fedorov N, Bouillaud R, Descamps D, Thiele I, Skupin S, Jepsen PU, Bergé L. Wavelength scaling of terahertz pulse energies delivered by two-color air plasmas. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1488-1491. [PMID: 30874683 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We address the long-standing problem of anomalous growth observed in the terahertz (THz) energy yield from air plasmas created by two-color laser pulses, as the fundamental wavelength λ0 is increased. Using two distinct optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs), we report THz energies scaling like λ0α with large exponents 5.6≤α≤14.3, which departs from the growth in λ02 expected from photocurrent theory. By means of comprehensive 3D simulations, we demonstrate that the changes in the laser beam size, pulse duration, and phase-matching conditions in the second-harmonic generation process when tuning the OPA's carrier wavelength can lead to these high scaling powers. The value of the phase angle between the two colors reached at the exit of the doubling crystal turns out to be crucial and even explains non-monotonic behaviors in the measurements.
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37
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Sesterhenn F, Galloux M, Vollers SS, Csepregi L, Yang C, Descamps D, Bonet J, Friedensohn S, Gainza P, Corthésy P, Chen M, Rosset S, Rameix-Welti MA, Éléouët JF, Reddy ST, Graham BS, Riffault S, Correia BE. Boosting subdominant neutralizing antibody responses with a computationally designed epitope-focused immunogen. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000164. [PMID: 30789898 PMCID: PMC6400402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the last several decades, vaccination has been key to prevent and eradicate infectious diseases. However, many pathogens (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], influenza, dengue, and others) have resisted vaccine development efforts, largely because of the failure to induce potent antibody responses targeting conserved epitopes. Deep profiling of human B cells often reveals potent neutralizing antibodies that emerge from natural infection, but these specificities are generally subdominant (i.e., are present in low titers). A major challenge for next-generation vaccines is to overcome established immunodominance hierarchies and focus antibody responses on crucial neutralization epitopes. Here, we show that a computationally designed epitope-focused immunogen presenting a single RSV neutralization epitope elicits superior epitope-specific responses compared to the viral fusion protein. In addition, the epitope-focused immunogen efficiently boosts antibodies targeting the palivizumab epitope, resulting in enhanced neutralization. Overall, we show that epitope-focused immunogens can boost subdominant neutralizing antibody responses in vivo and reshape established antibody hierarchies. A computationally designed epitope-focused immunogen presenting a single neutralization epitope from Respiratory Syncytial Virus elicits superior epitope-specific responses compared to the viral fusion protein. Furthermore, epitope-focused immunogens can reshape established antibody hierarchies. Vaccines are one of the most valuable instruments to prevent and control infectious diseases. Their primary correlate of protection is the level of induction of neutralizing antibodies that target critical antigenic sites and thereby block infection. Natural infections with pathogens such as the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza induce a broad repertoire of antibodies that target multiple epitopes. Among those, functional antibodies with key specificities are often subdominant (present in low titers). Thus, a central goal for vaccine development is to focus antibody responses on such neutralization epitopes. Here, we show that a computationally designed, epitope-focused immunogen mimicking an important RSV neutralization epitope (site II) can focus antibodies onto this well-defined epitope. In a scenario of preexisting immunity, in which site II–specific antibodies were subdominant, the epitope-focused immunogen selectively boosted site II–specific antibodies, resulting in an increased viral neutralization through this epitope. We propose that rationally designed immunogens spotlighting defined epitopes have a unique potential to focus antibody responses on functionally conserved sites in cases of preexisting immunity. Our results have broad implications for vaccine design as a strategy to steer preexisting antibody responses away from immunodominant, variable epitopes and toward subdominant epitopes that confer broad and potent neutralization.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computer-Aided Design
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Immunization/methods
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Palivizumab/chemistry
- Palivizumab/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology
- Structural Homology, Protein
- Viral Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
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38
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Comby A, Bloch E, Bond CMM, Descamps D, Miles J, Petit S, Rozen S, Greenwood JB, Blanchet V, Mairesse Y. Real-time determination of enantiomeric and isomeric content using photoelectron elliptical dichroism. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5212. [PMID: 30523259 PMCID: PMC6283843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast and accurate analysis of chiral chemical mixtures is crucial for many applications but remains challenging. Here we use elliptically-polarized femtosecond laser pulses at high repetition rates to photoionize chiral molecules. The 3D photoelectron angular distribution produced provides molecular fingerprints, showing a strong forward-backward asymmetry which depends sensitively on the molecular structure and degree of ellipticity. Continuously scanning the laser ellipticity and analyzing the evolution of the rich, multi-dimensional molecular signatures allows us to observe real-time changes in the chemical and chiral content present with unprecedented speed and accuracy. We measure the enantiomeric excess of a compound with an accuracy of 0.4% in 10 min acquisition time, and follow the evolution of a mixture with an accuracy of 5% with a temporal resolution of 3 s. This method is even able to distinguish isomers, which cannot be easily distinguished by mass-spectrometry.
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39
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Beaulieu S, Comby A, Descamps D, Petit S, Légaré F, Fabre B, Blanchet V, Mairesse Y. Multiphoton photoelectron circular dichroism of limonene with independent polarization state control of the bound-bound and bound-continuum transitions. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:134301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5042533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mathieu E, Escribano-Vazquez U, Descamps D, Cherbuy C, Langella P, Riffault S, Remot A, Thomas M. Paradigms of Lung Microbiota Functions in Health and Disease, Particularly, in Asthma. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1168. [PMID: 30246806 PMCID: PMC6110890 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in our knowledge of the gut microbiota have broadened our vision of the microbes associated with the intestine. These microbes are essential actors and protectors of digestive and extra-digestive health and, by extension, crucial for human physiology. Similar reconsiderations are currently underway concerning the endogenous microbes of the lungs, with a shift in focus away from their involvement in infections toward a role in physiology. The discovery of the lung microbiota was delayed by the long-held view that the lungs of healthy individuals were sterile and by sampling difficulties. The lung microbiota has a low density, and the maintenance of small numbers of bacteria seems to be a critical determinant of good health. This review aims to highlight how knowledge about the lung microbiota can change our conception of lung physiology and respiratory health. We provide support for this point of view with knowledge acquired about the gut microbiota and intestinal physiology. We describe the main characteristics of the lung microbiota and its functional impact on lung physiology, particularly in healthy individuals, after birth, but also in asthma. We describe some of the physiological features of the respiratory tract potentially favoring the installation of a dysbiotic microbiota. The gut microbiota feeds and matures the intestinal epithelium and is involved in immunity, when the principal role of the lung microbiota seems to be the orientation and balance of aspects of immune and epithelial responsiveness. This implies that the local and remote effects of bacterial communities are likely to be determinant in many respiratory diseases caused by viruses, allergens or genetic deficiency. Finally, we discuss the reciprocal connections between the gut and lungs that render these two compartments inseparable.
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Gallien S, Massetti M, Flandre P, Leleu H, Descamps D, Lazaro E. Comparison of 48-week efficacies of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing regimens: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. HIV Med 2018; 19:559-571. [PMID: 30004176 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-sparing regimens with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-based combinations in HIV-1-infected adults, we performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to provide estimates of relative efficacy for these two regimens. METHODS A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed to identify phase 3/4 randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of commonly used combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) including an NRTI backbone or that of commonly used NRTI-sparing regimens. A Bayesian random-effect model was used to compare virological suppression rates at 48 weeks for NRTI-sparing regimens and elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF (E/C/F/TAF). RESULTS Twenty-three studies in treatment-naïve patients identified by the SLR were included in the NMA, including four studies assessing NRTI-sparing regimens. In treatment-naïve patients, the probability of achieving virological suppression at 48 weeks was between 40% and 60% higher with E/C/F/TAF than with NRTI-sparing strategies. The credible interval vs. darunavir/ritonavir (DVR/r) + raltegravir (RAL) and LPV/r monotherapy did not include 1. In the subgroup of naïve patients with viral load < 100 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, a credible difference was found between NRTI-sparing treatments and E/C/F/TAF. Studies in treatment-experienced patients were too heterogeneous to allow for an NMA. CONCLUSIONS The NMA results suggest that E/C/F/TAF represents a more effective option than NRTI-sparing regimens in terms of 48-week efficacy in treatment-naïve patients. Furthermore, TAF pharmacological properties, as well as tolerability results in clinical studies, suggest a safety profile similar to that of NRTI-sparing regimens. Thus, the E/C/F/TAF combination might represent a more appropriate option than NRTI-sparing regimens for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients.
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Nguyen S, Baillie C, Hilmoine A, Oddoux O, Anastay M, Descamps D. Analyse des bactériémies chez les patients cirrhotiques dans un centre hospitalier général. Med Mal Infect 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nguyen S, Baillie C, Hilmoine A, Oddoux O, Anastay M, Descamps D. Analyse des bactériémies chez les patients diabétiques dans un centre hospitalier général. Med Mal Infect 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Brunet-Possenti F, Charpentier C, Collin G, Descamps D, Descamps V. Impact of anti-interleukin-17 treatment on cutaneous and genital human papillomavirus infection. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1179-1180. [PMID: 29777619 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Alessandri-Gradt E, Collin G, Tourneroche A, Bertine M, Leoz M, Charpentier C, Unal G, Descamps D, Plantier JC. HIV-1 non-group M phenotypic susceptibility to integrase strand transfer inhibitors. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2431-2437. [PMID: 28859447 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine natural phenotypic susceptibility of non-group M HIV-1 to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in a large panel of 39 clinical strains from groups O, N and P and to identify genotypic polymorphisms according to susceptibility levels. Methods Susceptibility to raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir was evaluated in 36 HIV-1/O, 2 HIV-1/N and 1 HIV-1/P strains plus an HIV-1/M reference strain. IC50 values were determined after 3 days, and fold changes (FCs) were calculated relative to the HIV-1/M strain. Genotypic polymorphism was determined by amplification of codons 19-263 of the integrase; the natural occurrence of resistance-associated mutations was analysed using the main resistance algorithms and the IAS-USA list. VESPA analysis of the strain sequences was used to determine a signature pattern associated with higher FC. Results Similar IC50 results were observed for the three drugs. Based on the value for the HIV-1/M reference strain, the data showed FC values <2.5 for raltegravir and dolutegravir, whereas the distribution for elvitegravir was heterogeneous, with FC > 10 for six strains (15%). Analysis of the non-M integrase sequences showed a high level of polymorphism without a major genotypic impact; it also revealed mutations that may be associated with the highest FC values obtained for elvitegravir. Conclusions Our phenotypic data showed that non-M strains are globally susceptible to the three currently used INSTIs, but the impact of the high FC values observed for some strains with elvitegravir needs to be explored. Clinical data are now needed to confirm these phenotypic results.
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Visseaux B, Bertine M, Storto A, Damond F, Collin F, Chêne G, Matheron S, Charpentier C, Hué S, Descamps D. A28 Phylogeographic analysis of HIV-2 ANRS CO5 cohort reveals new trends in HIV-2 epidemic patterns in West Africa. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905445 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Visseaux B, Damond F, Matheron S, Descamps D, Charpentier C. Corrigendum to "HIV-2 molecular epidemiology" [Infect. Genet. Evol. 46 (2016) 233-240]. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 58:294. [PMID: 29307762 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Beaulieu S, Comby A, Clergerie A, Caillat J, Descamps D, Dudovich N, Fabre B, Géneaux R, Légaré F, Petit S, Pons B, Porat G, Ruchon T, Taïeb R, Blanchet V, Mairesse Y. Attosecond-resolved photoionization of chiral molecules. Science 2017; 358:1288-1294. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bouscarat F, Tantet C, Lariven S, Descamps V, Descamps D, Yazdanpanah Y, Charpentier C. Détection et génotypage « multisite » des Papillomavirus Beta au cours d’un cas d’épidermodysplasie verruciforme (EV) associée à l’infection VIH. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2017.09.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Assoumou L, Charpentier C, Recordon-Pinson P, Grudé M, Pallier C, Morand-Joubert L, Fafi-Kremer S, Krivine A, Montes B, Ferré V, Bouvier-Alias M, Plantier JC, Izopet J, Trabaud MA, Yerly S, Dufayard J, Alloui C, Courdavault L, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Maillard A, Amiel C, Vabret A, Roussel C, Vallet S, Guinard J, Mirand A, Beby-Defaux A, Barin F, Allardet-Servent A, Ait-Namane R, Wirden M, Delaugerre C, Calvez V, Chaix ML, Descamps D, Reigadas S. Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treated patients with viral load >50 copies/mL: a 2014 French nationwide study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1769-1773. [PMID: 28333232 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surveillance of HIV-1 resistance in treated patients with a detectable viral load (VL) is important to monitor, in order to assess the risk of spread of resistant viruses and to determine the proportion of patients who need new antiretroviral drugs with minimal cross-resistance. Methods The HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase genes were sequenced in plasma samples from 782 consecutive patients on failing antiretroviral regimens, seen in 37 specialized centres in 2014. The genotyping results were interpreted using the ANRS v24 algorithm. Prevalence rates were compared with those obtained during a similar survey conducted in 2009. Results The protease and RT sequences were obtained in 566 patients, and the integrase sequence in 382 patients. Sequencing was successful in 60%, 78%, 78% and 87% of patients with VLs of 51-200, 201-500, 501-1000 and >1000 copies/mL, respectively. Resistance to at least one antiretroviral drug was detected in 56.3% of samples. Respectively, 3.9%, 8.7%, 1.5% and 3.4% of patients harboured viruses that were resistant to any NRTI, NNRTI, PI and integrase inhibitor (INI). Resistance rates were lower in 2014 than in 2009. Resistance was detected in 48.5% of samples from patients with a VL between 51 and 200 copies/mL. Conclusion In France in 2014, 90.0% of patients in AIDS care centres were receiving antiretroviral drugs and 12.0% of them had VLs >50 copies/mL. Therefore, this study suggests that 6.7% of treated patients in France might transmit resistant strains. Resistance testing may be warranted in all treated patients with VL > 50 copies/mL.
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