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Vose LR, Vinukonda G, Diamond D, Korumilli R, Hu F, Zia MTK, Hevner R, Ballabh P. Prenatal betamethasone does not affect glutamatergic or GABAergic neurogenesis in preterm newborns. Neuroscience 2014; 270:148-57. [PMID: 24735821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoids (GCs) are routinely used for pregnant women in preterm labor to prevent respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. However, the effect of antenatal GCs on neurogenesis in preterm neonates remains elusive. Herein, we hypothesized that prenatal GCs might suppress both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurogenesis in preterm rabbits and that this treatment would induce distinct changes in the expression of transcription factors regulating these developmental events. To test our hypotheses, we treated pregnant rabbits with betamethasone at E27 and E28, delivered the pups at E29 (term=32d), and assessed neurogenesis at birth and postnatal day 3. We quantified radial glia (Sox2(+)) and intermediate progenitor cells (Tbr2(+)) in the dorsal cortical subventricular zone to assess glutamatergic neuronal progenitors, and counted Nkx2.1(+) and Dlx2(+) cells in the ganglionic eminence to evaluate GABAergic neurogenesis. In addition, we assayed transcription factors regulating neurogenesis. We found that prenatal GCs did not affect the densities of radial glia and intermediate progenitors of glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. The number of GABA(+) interneurons in the ganglionic eminence was similar between the prenatal GC-treated pups compared to untreated controls. Moreover, the mRNA expression of transcription factors, including Pax6, Ngn1/2, Emx1/2, Insm1, Dlx1, Nkx2.1, and Gsh2, were comparable between the two groups. However, there was a transient elevation in Mash1 protein in betamethasone-treated pups relative to controls at birth. These data suggest that prenatal GC treatment does not significantly impact the balance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurogenesis in premature infants.
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Gallagher S, Florea L, Fraser KJ, Diamond D. Swelling and shrinking properties of thermo-responsive polymeric ionic liquid hydrogels with embedded linear pNIPAAM. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5337-49. [PMID: 24681582 PMCID: PMC4013567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, varying concentrations of linear pNIPAAM have been incorporated for the first time into a thermo-responsive polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) hydrogel, namely tributyl-hexyl phosphonium 3-sulfopropylacrylate (P-SPA), to produce semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. The thermal properties of the resulting hydrogels have been investigated along with their thermo-induced shrinking and reswelling capabilities. The semi-interpenetrating networks (IPN) hydrogels were found to have improved shrinking and reswelling properties compared with their PIL counterpart. At elevated temperatures (50-80 °C), it was found that the semi-IPN with the highest concentration of hydrophobic pNIPAAM exhibited the highest shrinking percentage of ~40% compared to the conventional P-SPA, (27%). This trend was also found to occur for the reswelling measurements, with semi-IPN hydrogels producing the highest reswelling percentage of ~67%, with respect to its contracted state. This was attributed to an increase in water affinity due to the presence of hydrophilic pNIPAAM. Moreover, the presence of linear pNIPAAM in the polymer matrix leads to improved shrinking and reswelling response compared to the equivalent PIL.
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Gallagher S, Kavanagh A, Zíołkowski B, Florea L, MacFarlane DR, Fraser K, Diamond D. Ionic liquid modulation of swelling and LCST behavior of N-isopropylacrylamide polymer gels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3610-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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54
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Florea L, Scarmagnani S, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D. Self-assembled solvato-morphologically controlled photochromic crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:924-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46699j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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55
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Curto VF, Scheuermann S, Owens RM, Ranganathan V, MacFarlane DR, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D. Probing the specific ion effects of biocompatible hydrated choline ionic liquids on lactate oxidase biofunctionality in sensor applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1841-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52845f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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56
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Czugala M, Fay C, O'Connor NE, Corcoran B, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D. Portable integrated microfluidic analytical platform for the monitoring and detection of nitrite. Talanta 2013; 116:997-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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57
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Florea L, Fay C, Lahiff E, Phelan T, O'Connor NE, Corcoran B, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F. Dynamic pH mapping in microfluidic devices by integrating adaptive coatings based on polyaniline with colorimetric imaging techniques. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1079-1085. [PMID: 23358572 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a microfluidic device that has integrated pH optical sensing capabilities based on polyaniline. The optical properties of polyaniline coatings change in response to the pH of the solution that is flushed inside the microchannel offering the possibility of monitoring pH in continuous flow over a wide pH range throughout the entire channel length. This work also features an innovative detection system for spatial localisation of chemical pH gradients along microfluidic channels through the use of a low cost optical device. Specifically, the use of a microfluidic channel coated with polyaniline is shown to respond colorimetrically to pH and that effect is detected by the detection system, even when pH gradients are induced within the channel. This study explores the capability of detecting this gradient by means of imaging techniques and the mapping of the camera's response to its corresponding pH after a successful calibration process. The provision of an inherently responsive channel means that changes in the pH of a sample moving through the system can be detected dynamically using digital imaging along the entire channel length in real time, without the need to add reagents to the sample. This approach is generic and can be applied to other chemically responsive coatings immobilised on microchannels.
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Florea L, McKeon A, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F. Spiropyran polymeric microcapillary coatings for photodetection of solvent polarity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2790-2797. [PMID: 23379723 DOI: 10.1021/la304985p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fused silica microcapillaries were functionalized with spiropyran-polymer brushes using surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Based on the inherited spiropyran properties, the functionalized capillaries were successfully used to photoidentify solvents of different polarity when passing through the microcapillary in continuous flow. In the present study, six different solvents (toluene, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol) can be easily detected while passing through the modified microcapillary by simply irradiating a portion of it with UV light (365 nm). This converts the closed spiropyran moiety to the open merocyanine form, and as a consequence, the microcapillary gains a distinct color and spectral response depending on the polarity of the solvent. The rate of ring-opening of the spiropyran-polymer brushes coatings has been determined in situ in the presence of different solvents, showing that the coloration rate is also influenced by the solvent polarity and therefore can be used as an additional parameter for solvent sensing.
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Ziółkowski B, Ates Z, Gallagher S, Byrne R, Heise A, Fraser KJ, Diamond D. Mechanical Properties and UV Curing Behavior of Poly(N
-Isopropylacrylamide) in Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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60
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Gallagher S, Kavanagh A, Florea L, MacFarlane DR, Fraser KJ, Diamond D. Temperature and pH triggered release characteristics of water/fluorescein from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate based ionogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4613-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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61
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Gelmi A, Zanoni M, Higgins MJ, Gambhir S, Officer DL, Diamond D, Wallace GG. Optical switching of protein interactions on photosensitive–electroactive polymers measured by atomic force microscopy. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2162-2168. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00463e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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62
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Kavanagh A, Fraser KJ, Byrne R, Diamond D. An electrochromic ionic liquid: design, characterization, and performance in a solid-state platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:55-62. [PMID: 23206366 PMCID: PMC3542915 DOI: 10.1021/am3018948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and characteristics of a novel electrochromic ionic liquid (IL) based on a phosphonium core tethered to a viologen moiety. When integrated into a solid-state electrochromic platform, the viologen modified IL behaved as both the electrolyte and the electrochromic material. Platform fabrication was achieved through in situ photo-polymerization and encapsulation of this novel IL within a hybrid sol-gel. Important parameters of the platform performance, including its coloration efficiency, switching kinetics, and optical properties were characterised using UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry in tandem. The electrochromic platform exhibits a coloration efficiency of 10.72 cm(2) C(-1) and a varied optical output as a function of the incident current. Despite the rather viscous nature of the material, the platform exhibited approximately 2 orders of magnitude faster switching kinetics (221 s to reach 95 % absorbance) when compared to previously reported electrochromic ILs (18,000 s).
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Florea L, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F. Polyaniline coated micro-capillaries for continuous flow analysis of aqueous solutions. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 759:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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64
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Curto VF, Lopez-Ruiz N, Capitan-Vallvey LF, Palma AJ, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D. Fast prototyping of paper-based microfluidic devices by contact stamping using indelible ink. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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65
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Czugala M, Maher D, Collins F, Burger R, Hopfgartner F, Yang Y, Zhaou J, Ducrée J, Smeaton A, Fraser KJ, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D. CMAS: fully integrated portable centrifugal microfluidic analysis system for on-site colorimetric analysis. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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66
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Cleary J, Maher D, Diamond D. Development and Deployment of a Microfluidic Platform for Water Quality Monitoring. SMART SENSORS, MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37006-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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67
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Czugala M, Gorkin R, Phelan T, Gaughran J, Curto VF, Ducrée J, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F. Optical sensing system based on wireless paired emitter detector diode device and ionogels for lab-on-a-disc water quality analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5069-5078. [PMID: 23070147 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the first use of a wireless paired emitter detector diode device (PEDD) as an optical sensor for water quality monitoring in a lab-on-a-disc device. The microfluidic platform, based on an ionogel sensing area combined with a low-cost optical sensor, is applied for quantitative pH and qualitative turbidity monitoring of water samples at point-of-need. The autonomous capabilities of the PEDD system, combined with the portability and wireless communication of the full device, provide the flexibility needed for on-site water testing. Water samples from local fresh and brackish sources were successfully analysed using the device, showing very good correlation with standard bench-top systems.
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68
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Ziółkowski B, Bleek K, Twamley B, Fraser KJ, Byrne R, Diamond D, Taubert A. Magnetic Ionogels (MagIGs) Based on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and the Ionic Liquid Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium Dicyanamide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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69
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Zanoni M, Coleman S, Fraser KJ, Byrne R, Wagner K, Gambhir S, Officer DL, Wallace GG, Diamond D. Physicochemical study of spiropyran-terthiophene derivatives: photochemistry and thermodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9112-20. [PMID: 22643958 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41137g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry and thermodynamics of two terthiophene (TTh) derivatives bearing benzospiropyran (BSP) moieties, 1-(3,3″-dimethylindoline-6'-nitrobenzospiropyranyl)-2-ethyl 4,4″-didecyloxy-2,2':5',2″-terthiophene-3'-acetate (BSP-2) and 1-(3,3″-dimethylindoline-6'-nitrobenzospiropyranyl)-2-ethyl 4,4″-didecyloxy-2,2':5',2″-terthiophene-3'-carboxylate (BSP-3), differing only by a single methylene spacer unit, have been studied. The kinetics of photogeneration of the equivalent merocyanine (MC) isomers (MC-2 and MC-3, respectively), the isomerisation properties of MC-2 and MC-3, and the thermodynamic parameters have been studied in acetonitrile, and compared to the parent, non-TTh-functionalised, benzospiropyran derivative, BSP-1. Despite the close structural similarity of BSP-2 and BSP-3, their physicochemical properties were found to differ significantly; examples include activation energies (E(a(MC-2)) = 75.05 kJ mol(-1), E(a(MC-3)) = 100.39 kJ mol(-1)) and entropies of activation (ΔS = 43.38 J K(-1) mol(-1), ΔS = 37.78 J K(-1) mol(-1)) for the thermal relaxation from MC to BSP, with the MC-3 value much closer to the unmodified MC-1 value (46.48 J K(-1) mol(-1)) for this latter quantity. The thermal relaxation kinetics and solvatochromic behaviour of the derivatives in a range of solvents of differing polarity (ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, toluene and diethyl ether) are also presented. Differences in the estimated values of these thermodynamic and kinetic parameters are discussed with reference to the molecular structure of the derivatives.
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Kavanagh A, Byrne R, Diamond D, Fraser KJ. Stimuli responsive ionogels for sensing applications-an overview. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:16-39. [PMID: 24957961 PMCID: PMC4021881 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This overview aims to summarize the existing potential of "Ionogels" as a platform to develop stimuli responsive materials. Ionogels are a class of materials that contain an Ionic Liquid (IL) confined within a polymer matrix. Recently defined as "a solid interconnected network spreading throughout a liquid phase", the ionogel therefore combines the properties of both its solid and liquid components. ILs are low melting salts that exist as liquids composed entirely of cations and anions at or around 100 °C. Important physical properties of these liquids such as viscosity, density, melting point and conductivity can be altered to suit a purpose by choice of the cation/anion. Here we provide an overview to highlight the literature thus far, detailing the encapsulation of IL and responsive materials within these polymeric structures. Exciting applications in the areas of optical and electrochemical sensing, solid state electrolytes and actuating materials shall be discussed.
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71
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Dillingham PW, Radu T, Diamond D, Radu A, McGraw CM. Bayesian Methods for Ion Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Oubaha M, Kavanagh A, Gorin A, Bickauskaite G, Byrne R, Farsari M, Winfield R, Diamond D, McDonagh C, Copperwhite R. Graphene-doped photo-patternable ionogels: tuning of conductivity and mechanical stability of 3D microstructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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73
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Khodagholy D, Curto VF, Fraser KJ, Gurfinkel M, Byrne R, Diamond D, Malliaras GG, Benito-Lopez F, Owens RM. Organic electrochemical transistor incorporating an ionogel as a solid state electrolyte for lactate sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15716k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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74
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Zeng F, Sun Z, Sang X, Diamond D, Lau KT, Liu X, Su DS. In Situ one-step electrochemical preparation of graphene oxide nanosheet-modified electrodes for biosensors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1587-91. [PMID: 21953723 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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75
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Kavanagh A, Hilder M, Clark N, Radu A, Diamond D. Wireless radio frequency detection of greatly simplified polymeric membranes based on a multifunctional ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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76
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Fraser KJ, Yang SY, Cicoira F, Curto VF, Byrne R, Benito-Lopez F, Khodagholy D, Owens RM, Malliaras GG, Diamond D. Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1117/12.894412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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77
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Fay C, Doherty AR, Beirne S, Collins F, Foley C, Healy J, Kiernan BM, Lee H, Maher D, Orpen D, Phelan T, Qiu Z, Zhang K, Gurrin C, Corcoran B, O’Connor NE, Smeaton AF, Diamond D. Remote real-time monitoring of subsurface landfill gas migration. SENSORS 2011; 11:6603-28. [PMID: 22163975 PMCID: PMC3231696 DOI: 10.3390/s110706603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The cost of monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from landfill sites is of major concern for regulatory authorities. The current monitoring procedure is recognised as labour intensive, requiring agency inspectors to physically travel to perimeter borehole wells in rough terrain and manually measure gas concentration levels with expensive hand-held instrumentation. In this article we present a cost-effective and efficient system for remotely monitoring landfill subsurface migration of methane and carbon dioxide concentration levels. Based purely on an autonomous sensing architecture, the proposed sensing platform was capable of performing complex analytical measurements in situ and successfully communicating the data remotely to a cloud database. A web tool was developed to present the sensed data to relevant stakeholders. We report our experiences in deploying such an approach in the field over a period of approximately 16 months.
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78
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Cicmil D, Anastasova S, Kavanagh A, Diamond D, Mattinen U, Bobacka J, Lewenstam A, Radu A. Ionic Liquid-Based, Liquid-Junction-Free Reference Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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79
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Wagner K, Byrne R, Zanoni M, Gambhir S, Dennany L, Breukers R, Higgins M, Wagner P, Diamond D, Wallace GG, Officer DL. A Multiswitchable Poly(terthiophene) Bearing a Spiropyran Functionality: Understanding Photo- and Electrochemical Control. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5453-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1114634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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80
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Brady S, Coyle S, Wu Y, Wallace G, Diamond D. Wireless-based Monitoring of Body Movements Using Wearable Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-0920-s04-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe world is becoming more health conscious and as a result healthcare is evolving in many ways. Wearable computing is assisting with this evolution, finding its place in many biomedical applications where real-time monitoring of general health indicators is required. However, the inconvenience of connecting sensors through wires, which not only incurs high maintenance, limits the freedom of the person therefore hampering a true reflection of the person's actions. By using sensors attached to wireless sensor nodes, this constraint is removed. Also in order to be “wearable” the sensors must be comfortable, a factor often overlooked by traditional sensors, where functionality and robustness are of higher importance. This work is focused on the use of foam-based pressure sensors and similar textile-based sensors for monitoring the ambulatory movements of the wearer. Characterization of the molecular nature of the materials and their environment are presented. We find these sensors to be successful in detecting the movement events without imposing on the daily activity of the wearer.
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81
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Byrne R, Scarmagnani S, Radu A, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D. Schizophrenic Molecules and Materials with Multiple Personalities - How Materials Science could Revolutionise How we do Chemical Sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-1190-nn08-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMolecular photoswitches like spiropyrans derivatives offer exciting possibilities for the development of analytical platforms incorporating photo-responsive materials for functions such as light-activated guest uptake and release and optical reporting on status (passive form, free active form, guest bound to active form). In particular, these switchable materials hold tremendous promise for microflow-systems, in view of the fact that their behaviour can be controlled and interrogated remotely using light from LEDs, without the need for direct physical contact. We demonstrate the immobilisation of these materials on microbeads which can be incorporated into a microflow system to facilitate photoswitchable guest uptake and release. We also introduce novel hybrid materials based on spiropyrans derivatives grafted onto a polymer backbone which, in the presence of an ionic liquid, produces a gel-like material capable of significant photoactuation behaviour. We demonstrate how this material can be incorporated into microfluidic platforms to produce valve-like structures capable of controlling liquid movement using light.
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82
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Kavanagh A, Byrne R, Diamond D, Radu A. A two-component polymeric optode membrane based on a multifunctional ionic liquid. Analyst 2011; 136:348-53. [PMID: 20959937 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work details the use of a 2-component optode membrane which is capable of generating three distinct colours in the presence of Cu(2+) and Co(2+) ions. It has been found that the ionic liquid (IL) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide [P(6,6,6,14)][DCA] can act as plasticizer, ligand and transducer dye when used in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes, which significantly simplifies the optode membrane cocktail. Upon exposure to an aqueous Cu(2+) solution, a yellow colour is generated within the membrane, while exposure to an aqueous Co(2+) solution generates a blue colour. Exposure to a solution containing both ions produces a green colour. Vibrational spectroscopy has been used to investigate the molecular basis of the IL-metal ion the binding mechanism. Analytical characteristics of the membranes including the effect of interfering ions, binding constants and the limit of detection for both ions have been estimated. Finally the case of simultaneous dual-analyte recognition is presented based on two distinct absorption maxima.
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83
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Thompson D, Coleman S, Diamond D, Byrne R. Electronic structure calculations and physicochemical experiments quantify the competitive liquid ion association and probe stabilisation effects for nitrobenzospiropyran in phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6156-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Curto VF, Coyle S, Byrne R, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F. Real-Time Sweat Analysis: Concept and Development of an Autonomous Wearable Micro-Fluidic Platform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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85
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Kavanagh A, Copperwhite R, Oubaha M, Owens J, McDonagh C, Diamond D, Byrne R. Photo-patternable hybrid ionogels for electrochromic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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86
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Florea L, Benito-Lopez F, Hennart A, Diamond D. Photo-Detection of Solvent Polarities using Non-Invasive Coatings in Capillaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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87
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Byrne R, Ventura C, Benito Lopez F, Walther A, Heise A, Diamond D. Characterisation and analytical potential of a photo-responsive polymeric material based on spiropyran. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1392-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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88
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Garcia-Cordero JL, Kurzbuch D, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D, Lee LP, Ricco AJ. Optically addressable single-use microfluidic valves by laser printer lithography. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2680-7. [PMID: 20740236 DOI: 10.1039/c004980h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of practical microfluidic valves fabricated using laser printer lithography. These optofluidic valves are opened by directing optical energy from a solid-state laser, with similar power characteristics to those used in CD/DVD drives, to a spot of printed toner where localized heating melts an orifice in the polymer layer in as little as 500 ms, connecting previously isolated fluidic components or compartments. Valve functionality, response time, and laser input energy dependence of orifice size are reported for cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. Implementation of these optofluidic valves is demonstrated on pressure-driven and centrifugal microfluidic platforms. In addition, these "one-shot" valves comprise a continuous polymer film that hermetically isolates on-chip fluid volumes within fluidic devices using low-vapor-permeability materials; we confirmed this for a period of one month. The fabrication and integration of optofluidic valves are compatible with a range of polymer microfabrication technologies and should facilitate the development of fully integrated, reconfigurable, and automated lab-on-a-chip systems, particularly when reagents must be stored on chip for extended periods, e.g. for medical diagnostic devices, lab-on-a-chip synthetic systems, or hazardous biochemical analysis platforms.
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89
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Walsh Z, Vázquez M, Benito-Lopez F, Paull B, Macka M, Svec F, Diamond D. The use of scanning contactless conductivity detection for the characterisation of stationary phases in micro-fluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1777-1780. [PMID: 20526490 DOI: 10.1039/c003584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of scanning capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the evaluation of the structural homogeneity and density of both packed and monolithic stationary phases in micro-fluidic chips is presented here for the first time.
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90
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Zou BX, Liu XX, Diamond D, Lau KT. Electrochemical synthesis of WO3/PANI composite for electrocatalytic reduction of iodate. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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91
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Benito-Lopez F, Byrne R, Răduţă AM, Vrana NE, McGuinness G, Diamond D. Ionogel-based light-actuated valves for controlling liquid flow in micro-fluidic manifolds. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:195-201. [PMID: 20066247 DOI: 10.1039/b914709h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the fabrication, characterisation and performance of four novel ionic liquid polymer gels (ionogels) as photo-actuated valves incorporated into micro-fluidic manifolds. The ionogels incorporate benzospiropyran units and phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Each ionogel is photo-polymerised in situ in the channels of a poly(methyl methacrylate) micro-fluidic device, generating a manifold incorporating four different micro-valves. The valves are actuated by simply applying localised white light irradiation, meaning that no physical contact between the actuation impulse (light) and the valve structure is required. Through variation of the composition of the ionogels, each of the micro-valves can be tuned to open at different times under similar illumination conditions. Therefore, flows through the manifold can be independently controlled by a single light source. At present, the contraction process to open the channel is relatively rapid (seconds) while the recovery (expansion) process to re-close the channel is relatively slow (minutes), meaning that the valve, in its current form, is better suited for single-actuation events.
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92
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Coyle S, Lau KT, Moyna N, O'Gorman D, Diamond D, Di Francesco F, Costanzo D, Salvo P, Trivella MG, De Rossi DE, Taccini N, Paradiso R, Porchet JA, Ridolfi A, Luprano J, Chuzel C, Lanier T, Revol-Cavalier F, Schoumacker S, Mourier V, Chartier I, Convert R, De-Moncuit H, Bini C. BIOTEX--biosensing textiles for personalised healthcare management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 14:364-70. [PMID: 20064761 DOI: 10.1109/titb.2009.2038484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Textile-based sensors offer an unobtrusive method of continually monitoring physiological parameters during daily activities. Chemical analysis of body fluids, noninvasively, is a novel and exciting area of personalized wearable healthcare systems. BIOTEX was an EU-funded project that aimed to develop textile sensors to measure physiological parameters and the chemical composition of body fluids, with a particular interest in sweat. A wearable sensing system has been developed that integrates a textile-based fluid handling system for sample collection and transport with a number of sensors including sodium, conductivity, and pH sensors. Sensors for sweat rate, ECG, respiration, and blood oxygenation were also developed. For the first time, it has been possible to monitor a number of physiological parameters together with sweat composition in real time. This has been carried out via a network of wearable sensors distributed around the body of a subject user. This has huge implications for the field of sports and human performance and opens a whole new field of research in the clinical setting.
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93
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Yang SY, Cicoira F, Byrne R, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D, Owens RM, Malliaras GG. Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7972-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Scarmagnani S, Slater C, Lopez FB, Diamond D, Walsh Z, Paull B, Macka M. Photoreversible ion-binding using spiropyran modified silica microbeads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1504/ijnm.2010.029921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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95
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Slater C, Cleary J, Lau KT, Snakenborg D, Corcoran B, Kutter JP, Diamond D. Validation of a fully autonomous phosphate analyser based on a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2010; 61:1811-1818. [PMID: 20371940 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design of a phosphate analyser that utilises a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip. The analyser contains all the required chemical storage, pumping and electronic components to carry out a complete phosphate assay. The system is self-calibrating and self-cleaning, thus capable of long-term operation. This was proven by a bench top calibration of the analyser using standard solutions and also by comparing the analyser's performance to a commercially available phosphate monitor installed at a waste water treatment plant. The output of the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip analyser was shown to have sensitivity and linear range equivalent to the commercially available monitor and also the ability to operate over an extended period of time.
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96
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Byrne R, Coleman S, Gallagher S, Diamond D. Designer molecular probes for phosphonium ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1895-904. [DOI: 10.1039/b920580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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97
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Lahiff E, Scarmagnani S, Schazmann B, Cafolla A, Diamond D. Covalent attachment of functional side-groups to polyaniline nanofibres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1504/ijnm.2010.029926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Coleman S, Byrne R, Alhashimy N, Fraser KJ, MacFarlane DR, Diamond D. Photochromic imidazolium based ionic liquids based on spiropyran. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7009-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c003832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99
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Vázquez M, Frankenfeld C, Coltro WKT, Carrilho E, Diamond D, Lunte SM. Dual contactless conductivity and amperometric detection on hybrid PDMS/glass electrophoresis microchips. Analyst 2010; 135:96-103. [DOI: 10.1039/b908985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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100
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Radu T, Diamond D. Comparison of soil pollution concentrations determined using AAS and portable XRF techniques. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 171:1168-71. [PMID: 19595504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Past mining activities in the area of Silvermines, Ireland, have resulted in heavily polluted soils. The possibility of spreading pollution to the surrounding areas through dust blow-offs poses a potential threat for the local communities. Conventional environmental soil and dust analysis techniques are very slow and laborious and consequently there is a need for fast and accurate analytical methods, which can provide real-time in situ pollution mapping. Laboratory-based aqua regia acid digestion of the soil samples collected in the area followed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis confirmed very high pollution, especially by Pb, As, Cu, and Zn. In parallel, samples were analyzed using portable X-ray fluorescence radioisotope and miniature tube powered (XRF) NITON instruments and their performance was compared. Overall, the portable XRF instrument gave excellent correlation with the laboratory-based reference AAS method.
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