Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer

The external and internal factors of the cell are critical to glioma initiation. Several factors and molecules have been reported to be implicated in the initiation and progression of brain cancer. However, the exact sequence of events responsible for glioma initiation is still unknown. Existing reports indicate that glioma stem cells are the cell of glioma origin. During cell division, chromosome breakage, DNA alteration increases the chance of cell genome modifications and oncogene overexpression. Although there is a high risk of gene alteration and oncogene overexpression, not everyone develops cancer. During embryogenesis, the same oncogenes that promote cancers have also been reported to be highly expressed, but this high expression which does not lead to carcinogenesis raises questions about the role of oncogenes in carcinogenesis. The resistance of cancer cells to drugs, apoptosis, and immune cells does not rely solely on oncogene overexpression but also on the defect in cell organelle machinery (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeleton). This review discusses factors contributing to cancer; we report the dysfunction of the cell organelles and their contribution to carcinogenesis, while oncogene overexpression promotes tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression through cell adhesion. All these factors together represent a fundamental requirement for cancer and its development.

Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.

Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.

AB0280 THE INFLUENCE OF TARGET THERAPY AS WELL AS GLUCOCORTICOIDS TAPERING ON DISEASE FLARE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE CHINESE COHORT

Background:

Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been proposed for 7 years and several recommendations were developed [1]. In these recommendations, prevention of flares should be a realistic target. Meanwhile, ‘remission’ or ‘low disease activity’ was recommended as the treatment target and minimizing glucocorticoids (GC) dose or withdrawal if possible was suggested in the maintenance treatment. However, would target therapy and GC tapering/withdrawal influence disease flare?

Objectives:

To investigate the frequency and determinants of disease flare, especially the influence of target therapy as well as GC tapering on flare in Chinese lupus patients.

Methods:

The baseline and follow-up data of all consecutive patients in a prospective longitudinal lupus cohort from January 2017 to June 2020 were collected. The lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) was defined as in Golder et al., 2019[2]. The criteria for remission were from DORIS definitions [3]. Flare was assessed using the SELENA-SLEDAI flare index [4].

Results:

We enrolled 185 patients with disease duration at recruitment of 2.3 (0.8–7.7) years. During the 26.2 (12.5-34.5) months of follow-up, 73 (39.5%) patients experienced 95 flares, including 70 mild/moderate and 25 severe flares. The incidence of flare per patient-year was 0.27. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that compared with those who never achieved LLDAS or DORIS, the patients who achieved the target at least once had a higher flare free survival rate; meanwhile, the patients with prednisone withdrawn had significantly lower flare free rate compared with those with small dose of GC maintained (≤7.5mg/d) (Figure 1A), but among the patients with different prednisone maintain doses (7.5~5mg, 5~2.5mg, and ≤2.5mg) there was not significant difference (Figure 1B). Cox regression analysis showed that younger age at disease onset and lower Complement 3 (C3) level at recruitment were independent risk factors for flare and achieving LLDAS or DORIS ≥50% of visits was independent protective factor (Table 1).

Conclusion:

In this Chinese prospective SLE cohort, age at disease onset, C3 level at recruitment and therapeutic target achieving influenced disease flare independently and significantly. GC tapering in appropriate patients and with appropriate pace did not increase the flare rate, but prednisone withdrawal may induce more disease exacerbation, which needs to be confirmed by large prospective studies.

References:

[1]Van Vollenhoven R F, et al. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis, 2014. 73(6): 958-967

[2]Golder, V., et al. Lupus low disease activity state as a treatment endpoint for systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective validation study. The Lancet Rheumatology, 2019. 1(2): p. e95-e102.

[3]van Vollenhoven R, et al. A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017. 76(3): 554–561.

[4]Petri M, et al. Classification and definition of major flares in SLE clinical trials. Lupus. 1999. 8(8): 685-691.

Table 1.

Determinants of disease flare by multivariate Cox regression analyses

Model 1(LLDAS) ΔModel 2(RONT) ΔModel 3(Complete RONT) ΔHR95%CIP valueHR95%CIP valueHR95%CIP valueAge at disease onset (years)†0.970.95-0.990.0040.970.95-0.990.0030.970.95-0.990.003Anti-dsDNA positive at recruitment1.340.82-2.180.2171.120.68-1.850.6491.190.73-1.960.486C3 (mg/L) at recruitment0.9980.997-0.9990.0040.9980.997-0.9990.0070.9980.997-1.0000.010Minimum prednisone dose during follow- up (mg/d)0.980.90-1.080.7161.010.94-1.080.7471.040.97-1.110.243Therapeutic target achieved≥50% of observationsΔ0.600.39-0.940.0010.540.34-0.870.0110.680.51-0.920.011

Δ In the three hazard models, the different target achievement status were included respectively.

RONT: Clinical remission on treatment; Complete RONT: Complete remission on treatment.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

POS1481-HPR SEXUAL EXPERIENCE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: RESULTS FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF 113 PATIENTS

Background:

The expression and experience of sexuality is a key part of an individual self-identity1, so it is essential for both healthy individuals and patients. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may be susceptible to sexual issues due to disease activity, dysfunction and comorbid emotional problems. However, sexuality, especially sexual experience, are rarely paid attention in patients with AS.

Objectives:

Our study aims to assess sexual experience in male patients with AS, and analyze the factors affecting sexual experience.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 113 patients with AS and 46 healthy people were investigated, matched according to age and body mass index. The Sexual Experience Questionnaire is used to assess male sexual experience. Linear regression analysis is used to explore the contributions of clinical variables to worse sexual experience.

Results:

There is a significant difference in the total sexual experience score between AS patients and healthy controls (41.92±8.83 vs 46.98±8.10, P=0.0013). Also, patients with AS have a worse score in all dimensions of sexual experience, including erectile function, individual satisfaction and couple satisfaction, comparing to healthy people. In the regression model after controlling for the effects of age, disease duration and body mass index, disease activity (BASDAI), function (BASFI), mobility (BASMI, chest expansion and finger-floor distance), health index (ASAS HI), sleep quality (PSQI) and psychological status (HADS, HADS-A and HADS-D) are significant determinants of sexual experience, including erectile function (except for chest expansion), individual satisfaction (except for BASMI) and couple satisfaction (except for BASMI). See Table 1 for details.

Table 1.

Multivariable regression analysis of association between sexual experience and clinical outcomes

IndependentSexual experience total scoreErectile functionIndividual satisfactionCouple satisfactionβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)PPain total-0.09 (-0.25, 0.07)0.28-0.27 (-0.58, 0.03)0.073-0.51 (-0.91, -0.100.014-0.15 (-0.32, 0.02)0.077BASDAI1.35 (-2.24, -0.45)0.003-0.42 (-0.75, -0.09)0.014-0.72 (-1.16, -0.28)0.001-0.21 (-0.40, -0.02)0.028BASFI-1.80 (-2.59, -1.01)<0.001-0.62 (-0.91, -0.32)<0.001-0.89 (-1.28, -0.50)<0.001-0.30 (-0.47, -0.13)0.001BASMI-1.04 (-2.01, -0.07)0.036-0.47 (-0.82, -0.12)0.008-0.48 (-0.96, 0.001)0.051-0.09 (-0.29, 0.12)0.413Chest expansion1.60 (0.24, 2.96)0.0210.50 (-0.004, 0.99)0.0520.74 (0.07, 1.42)0.0320.36 (0.08, 0.64)0.011Finger-floor distance-0.20 (-0.33, -0.07)0.003-0.07 (-0.11, -0.02)0.009-0.10 (-0.17, -0.03)0.003-0.04 (-0.06, -0.01)0.011ASAS HI-1.27 (-1.64, -0.91)<0.001-0.42 (-0.55, -0.28)<0.001-0.62 (-0.80, -0.43)<0.001-0.24 (-0.32, -0.16)<0.001PSQI-0.60 (-1.11, -0.09)0.021-0.19 (-0.38, -0.004)0.045-0.28 (-0.54, -0.03)0.03-0.13 (-0.23, -0.02)0.019HADS-0.53 (-0.76, -0.29)<0.001-0.18 (-0.27, -0.09)<0.001-0.24 (-0.36, -0.13)<0.001-0.10 (-0.15, -0.05)<0.001HADS-A-0.86 (-1.30, -0.42)<0.001-0.28 (-0.44, -0.12)0.001-0.42 (-0.63, -0.20)<0.001-0.17 (-0.26, -0.07)<0.001HADS-D-0.99 (-1.45, -0.53)<0.001-0.35 (-0.52, -0.19)<0.001-0.44 (-0.67, -0.21)<0.001-0.20 (-0.29, -0.10)<0.001

Conclusion:

Worse sexual experience is associated with increased disease activity, decreased function, poor mobility, decreased health index, poor sleep quality and psychological status. Therefore, special attention to worse sexual experience in patients with AS is essential to assess disease-related suffering and develop new patient management strategies.

References:

[1]Hill J, Bird H, Thorpe R. Effects of rheumatoid arthritis on sexual activity and relationships. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2003. 42(2):280-6.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

IL-9-triggered lncRNA Gm13568 regulates Notch1 in astrocytes through interaction with CBP/P300: contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Background

Interleukin 9 (IL-9), produced mainly by T helper 9 (Th9) cells, has been recognized as an important regulator in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Astrocytes respond to IL-9 and reactive astrocytes always associate with blood-brain barrier damage, immune cell infiltration, and spinal injury in MS and EAE. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with aberrant expression have been identified in the pathogenesis of MS. Here, we examined the effects of lncRNA Gm13568 (a co-upregulated lncRNA both in EAE mice and in mouse primary astrocytes activated by IL-9) on the activation of astrocytes and the process of EAE.

Methods

In vitro, shRNA-recombinant lentivirus with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter were performed to determine the relative gene expression and proinflammatory cytokines production in IL-9 treated-astrocytes using Western blot, real-time PCR, and Cytometric Bead Array, respectively. RIP and ChIP assays were analyzed for the mechanism of lncRNA Gm13568 regulating gene expression. Immunofluorescence assays was performed to measure the protein expression in astrocytes. In vivo, H&E staining and LFB staining were applied to detect the inflammatory cells infiltrations and the medullary sheath damage in spinal cords of EAE mice infected by the recombinant lentivirus. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or Student’s t test, as appropriate.

Results

Knockdown of the endogenous lncRNA Gm13568 remarkably inhibits the Notch1 expression, astrocytosis, and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10) in IL-9-activated astrocytes, in which Gm13568 associates with the transcriptional co-activators CBP/P300 which are enriched in the promoter of Notch1 genes. More importantly, inhibiting Gm13568 with lentiviral vector in astrocytes ameliorates significantly inflammation and demyelination in EAE mice, therefore delaying the EAE process.

Conclusions

These findings uncover that Gm13568 regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines in active astrocytes and affects the pathogenesis of EAE through the Notch1/STAT3 pathway. LncRNA Gm13568 may be a promising target for treating MS and demyelinating diseases.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02156-5.

The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 agonist amodiaquine mediates neuroprotective effects in 6-OHDA Parkinson's disease animal model by enhancing the phosphorylation of P38 mitogen-activated kinase but not PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Recent studies implicate the defects or altered expression of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 gene in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. In an attempt to corroborate the treatment-modifying disease that would replicate the effect of Nurr1, it has been found that amodiaquine and Nurr1 had the same chemical scaffolding, indicating a crucial structure-activity relationship. Interestingly, amodiaquine stimulate the transcriptional function of Nurr1 by physical interaction with its ligand-binding domain (LBD). However, the signaling route by which Nurr1 is activated by amodiaquine to cause the protective effect remains to be elucidated. We first demonstrated that amodiaquine treatment ameliorated behavioural deficits in 6-OHDA Parkinson's disease mouse model, and it promoted dopaminergic neurons protection signified by Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) mRNA; Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression level and the immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra compacta. Subsequently, we used inhibitors to ascertain the effect of amodiaquine on Akt and P38 Mapk as crucial signaling pathways for neuroprotection. Wortmannin (Akt Inhibitor) induced a significant reduction of Akt mRNA; however, there was no statistical difference between the amodiaquine-treated group and the control group suggesting that amodiaquine may not be the active stimulant of Akt. Western blot analysis confirmed that the phosphorylated Akt decreased significantly in the amodiaquine group compared to the control group. In the same vein, we found that amodiaquine substantially increased the level of phosphorylated P38 Mapk. When P38 Mapk inhibited by SB203580 (P38-Mapk Inhibitor), the total P38 Mapk but not the phosphorylated P38 Mapk decreased significantly, while tyrosine hydroxylase significantly increased. These results collectively suggest that amodiaquine can augment tyrosine hydroxylase expression via phosphorylated P38 Mapk while negatively regulating the phosphorylated Akt in protein expression.

Comprehensive serum metabolic and proteomic characterization on cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Background

Given the increased incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the lack of accurate early diagnosis of PD with cognitive impairment (PD-CI), we compared the serum metabolomes and proteomes of 26 patients with PD without cognitive impairment (PD-N) and 31 patients with PD-CI by combining grade-dependent proteomics and metabolomics analyses.

Methods

Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed for differential metabolic indicators, cognition, and clinical diagnosis. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to identify metabolites linked to different pathways. Bioinformatics revealed 16 differentially expressed proteins and 32 metabolites.

Results

The positive metabolic indicators related to the differential proteins were one sphingolipid, five phosphatidylcholines, and five long-chain fatty acids. The obtained metabolic and proteomics IPA network highlighted the central term of this network was inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism which are prominent in PD-CI. There was a strong negative correlation between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)score and LPC (18:1). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of LPC (18:1) for PD-N and PD-CI showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.660 (P=0.039).

Conclusions

In conclusion, serum LPC (18:1) is inversely linked to cognition in PD and presented its potential clinical value in distinguishing the presence or absence of cognitive impairment in PD. The deeper implication of our discovery indicates abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with changes of cognitive status and suggests the potential for possibility of immune system- inflammatory involvement.

Failure of Glial Cell-Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Clinical Trials Orchestrated By Reduced NR4A2 (NURR1) Transcription Factor in Parkinson's Disease. A Systematic Review

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative maladies with unforeseen complex pathologies. While this neurodegenerative disorder’s neuropathology is reasonably well known, its etiology remains a mystery, making it challenging to aim therapy. Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) remains an auspicious therapeutic molecule for treating PD. Neurotrophic factor derived from glial cell lines is effective in rodents and nonhuman primates, but clinical findings have been equivocal. Laborious exertions have been made over the past few decades to improve and assess GDNF in treating PD (clinical studies). Definitive clinical trials have, however, failed to demonstrate a survival advantage. Consequently, there seemed to be a doubt as to whether GDNF has merit in the potential treatment of PD. The purpose of this cutting edge review is to speculate as to why the clinical trials have failed to meet the primary endpoint. We introduce a hypothesis, “Failure of GDNF in clinical trials succumbed by nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1) shortfall.” We demonstrate how Nurr1 binds to GDNF to induce dopaminergic neuron synthesis. Due to its undisputable neuro-protection aptitude, we display Nurr1 (also called Nr4a2) as a promising therapeutic target for PD.

[Sex Estimation of Typical Adult Vertebrae Morphology in Central China Based on CT Technique]

Abstract

Objective The morphological data of the second thoracic vertebra and the third lumbar vertebra were measured by computerized tomography （CT）. The sex differences were analyzed and the discrimination equation was obtained. Methods The data of 274 adults （203 cases from experimental group and 69 cases from validation group） from central China were collected. Four linear data （maximum transverse length of vertebral body, maximum longitudinal length of vertebral body, maximum transverse length of vertebral foramen, maximum longitudinal length of vertebral foramen）, one angle data （angle between spinous processes） and two area （vertebral foramen area, total cross-sectional area of vertebral body） data of the second thoracic vertebra and the third lumbar vertebra were collected, respectively. Then three ratios ［maximum transverse length/　maximum longitudinal length of vertebral body, maximum transverse length/ maximum longitudinal length of vertebral foramen, vertebral foramen area/ （total cross-sectional area of vertebral body-vertebral foramen area）］ and one angle （angle between spinous processes） were obtained. The discriminant equation was established for sexual discriminant analysis. Results The morphology of the second thoracic vertebra and the third lumbar vertebra was related with gender. Four single index discriminant formulae and eleven multi-index discriminant formulae were established. The 69 validation group samples were substituted into the formula for testing, and the maximum discriminant accuracy rate of the single-index discriminant formula was 75%. The maximum discriminant accuracy rate of multi-index discriminant formula was 83%. Conclusion It is feasible to conduct individual sex analysis by the morphological indexes of second thoracic vertebra and the third lumbar vertebra. The indexes have important application values in practice.

Enhancer II-targeted dsRNA decreases GDNF expression via histone H3K9 trimethylation to inhibit glioblastoma progression

BACKGROUND

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is expressed in both astrocytes and glioblastoma (GBM) cells. GDNF expression is significantly increased in GBM, and inhibiting its expression can retard GBM progression. However, there is no known method for specific inhibition of GDNF in GBM cells.

METHODS

Promoter-targeted dsRNA-induced transcriptional gene silencing or activation was recently achieved in human cells. This approach has the potential to specifically regulate gene transcription via epigenetic modifications. In this study, we designed six candidate dsRNAs targeting the enhancer or silencer in GDNF gene promoter II to check their effects on GDNF transcription and GBM progression.

RESULTS

Among these dsRNAs, enhancer II-targeted dsRNA significantly inhibited U251 GBM progression by downregulating GDNF (P < 0.05), while silencer II-targeted dsRNA exerted an opposite effect. Moreover, enhancer II-targeted dsRNA did not significantly change GDNF expression in human astrocytes (HA) and the proliferation and migration of HA cells (P > 0.05). Bisulfate PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that both DNA methylation and trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) at silencer II-targeted region significantly increased, and H3K9me3 at enhancer II-targeted region significantly decreased, in U251 cells compared with HA cells in non-intervention condition (P < 0.05). Both enhancer II- and silencer II-targeted dsRNA significantly increased H3K9me3 methylation rather than DNA at the targeted site in U251 cells (P < 0.05). The expression and activity of histone methyltransferase SETDB1 increased dramatically in U251 cells compared with HA cells, and it was recruited to enhancer II targeting region after enhancer II-targeted dsRNA treatment in U251 cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrate that a promoter-targeted dsRNA can silence or promote gene transcription depending on its targeted site in different cis-acting elements in the gene promoter. Targeted inhibition of GDNF by enhancer II-targeted dsRNA may be explored as a novel treatment for GBM.

Effects of IL-1β and IL-18 induced by NLRP3 inflammasome activation on myocardial reperfusion injury after PCI

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with myocardial reperfusion injury after the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Twenty healthy controls (control group) and forty patients (treatment group) were recruited in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 at various time points in both the control and treatment groups. Data processing and analysis were performed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 22.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Pearson's correlation coefficient test was applied in all data analyses. A difference was statistically significant when p<0.05.

RESULTS

The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The IL-1β level in the treatment group peaked at 0.5 h after PCI and then, gradually decreased. The multiple regression analysis showed that IL-1β level was positively correlated with levels of LDL-C and IL-18 (p<0.05, r=0.527 and 0.955 respectively), and negatively correlated with the HDL-C level (p<0.05, r=-0.34).

CONCLUSIONS

The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 significantly rose in patients with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury after PCI.

Effect of Lonicera japonica extract on lactation performance, antioxidant status, and endocrine and immune function in heat-stressed mid-lactation dairy cows

Here, we examined the effects of Lonicera japonica extract (LJE) on lactation performance, antioxidant status, and endocrine and immune function in heat-stressed mid-lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four healthy Chinese Holstein mid-lactation dairy cows, all with similar milk yield (30.0 ± 1.0 kg/d), parity (2.5 ± 0.3), and days in milk (105 ± 5 d) were allocated to 4 groups using a randomized complete block design: a negative control group (without LJE supplementation; CON) and groups that received LJE at 14, 28, and 56 g/d. The experiment lasted 10 wk over a hot summer, with a pre-feeding period of 2 wk. Cows were exposed to heat stress, as the average temperature-humidity index was greater than 72. The results showed that LJE had no effect on respiration rate; however, it reduced the rectal temperature of dairy cows experiencing heat stress in both a linear and quadratic manner; the lowest (39.03°C) was recorded for the LJE-28 group, lower than the CON group. Supplementation with LJE did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield, or milk composition. The majority of biochemical parameters in serum were unaffected by supplementation with different amounts of LJE; the exception was creatinine, which was reduced quadratically. Compared with the CON group, serum triiodothyronine concentrations increased significantly in the LJE-28 group. Addition of LJE to the diet increased thyroxine concentrations quadratically; values peaked at 18.62 ng/mL in the LJE-28 group. Furthermore, supplementation with increasing amounts of LJE quadratically increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in serum but decreased concentration of malondialdehyde. Although we detected no differences in the concentrations of IgA, IgM, or cytokines, dairy cows in the LJE-28 group had higher IgG and IL-4 concentrations than did cows in the CON group. Supplementation with LJE increased concentrations of IgG and IL-4 in the serum quadratically but decreased that of IL-2. Finally, heat shock protein 72 concentrations in the serum tended to fall quadratically as the amount of LJE increased. In summary, LJE had no negative effects on lactation performance but helped to alleviate heat stress by improving antioxidant status and promoting endocrine and immune functions. Supplementation with LJE at 28 g/d is recommended for lactating dairy cows experiencing heat stress during hot summers.

[Interpretation for the group standards in guidelines for personal protection against coronavirus disease 2019 for diseases control person]

As an emerging infectious disease, the COVID-19 threatened the safety of personnel in the prevention and control during the COVID-19 pandemic. Beijing Association of Preventive Medicine organizes the Beijing CDC and other organizations drafted the group standard entitled "Guidelines for personal protection against coronavirus disease 2019 for diseases control person (T/BPMA 0002-2020)" , according to years of scientific research on personal protection. Based on the principles of emphasizing the scientific, normative and safe nature, the standard was drafted to put forward the reasonable selection and correct use of personal protective equipment for disease control personnel, as well as the procedures for personal protective equipment. The standard provided a standardized basis for ensuring the safety of disease control personnel in contacting and handling of the new coronary pneumonia outbreaks with high risks.

[A study on the relationship between insufficient sleep and obesity among children and adolescents in China]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between insufficient sleep and obesity or central obesity in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9-18 years. Methods: A total of 172 710 students who participated in the 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health with complete data of sleep duration and physical examination, were selected as study subjects. Insufficient sleep was defined, according to the amount of sleep for pediatric populations recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Obesity and central obesity of children and adolescents were judged by experts from the Group of China Obesity Task Force and Health Industry Standards in China. Differences between groups were compared by using the t test or χ(2) test. Logistic regression method was applied to assess the relationship between insufficient sleep and obesity or central obesity. Results: In 2014, numbers of students with insufficient sleep, obesity and central obesity among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9-18 years appeared as 133 410 (77.2%), 11 145 (6.5%), and 12 603 (17.8%), respectively. Among the students with insufficient sleep, 8 358 (6.3%) were with obesity and 12 244 (17.9%) were with central obesity. The prevalence of obesity and central obesity among boys with insufficient sleep was higher than that in girls. Pupils with insufficient sleep showed the highest prevalence of obesity and central obesity. After controlling for potential confounders, the risk of obesity appeared an increase of 14.5% (OR=1.145, 95%CI: 1.092-1.200) and the risk of central obesity increased by 12.7% (OR=1.127, 95%CI: 1.078-1.178) in students with insufficient sleep, when compared with those with adequate sleep. Compared with those whose daily sleep duration was less than 6 hours, the ones who slept 7-10 hours per day showed significantly reduction on the risk of obesity and central obesity in students. Conclusions: Insufficient sleep significantly increase the risk of obesity and central obesity in children and adolescents while adequate sleep of 7-10 hours per day would reduce the risk of obesity and central obesity in students.

AB0148 ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES AND MICRORNAS OF B CELLS IN PRIMARY SJOGREN’S SYNDROME BY RNA SEQUENCING

Background:

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autimmune disease mainly characterized by the inflammation of exocrine glands. There two key insights into pSS pathogenesis, which included “IFN signature” and hyperactivity of B cells. mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) are very important to control the gene expression.

Objectives:

In this research, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEG) and miRNA of B cells in pSS patients by RNA-sequencing. And we aim to preliminarily screen out some special miRNAs and target gene loci that may be involved in transcription regulation of B cells of pSS.

Methods:

Peripheral blood samples from 3 pSS patients and 3 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were collected. CD19+B cells were sorted by Magnetic cell sorting method. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA of transcriptome or miRNA analysis were prepared and RNA-sequencing was performed to screen the DEG and miRNA. The GO Terms was used to uncover the biological function of DEGs, and the KEGG pathway enrichment was used to find out the related signal pathway. The mRNA-miRNA conjoint analysis was also performed.

Results:

There were a total of 73 significantly DEGs in B cells of pSS patients compared to HC, including 51 upregulated DEGs (such asIFI44L,IFI44,IFIT1,IFITM1,IFIT3,IFIT2,IRF7,IFI6andISG15)and 22 downregulated DEGs (such asESR2andEGR1). GO Terms and KEGG pathway analyses showed that most of the upregulated DEGs were enriched in IFN signaling and IFN regulatory pathway, and also showed the relationship with microbial infection, such as influenza A virus, hepatitis C virus, measles and herpes simplex virus.

There were five significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, including hsa-miR-4485-3p, hsa-miR-144-5p, hsa-miR-144-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-4732-3p. GO Terms and KEGG pathway analyses showed that most of the target genes which regulated by those miRNAs were enrichment on herpes simplex virus and TGF-β signaling pathway.

DEG and differentially expressed miRNAs conjoint analysis showed that the target DEGs which regulated by those miRNAs participated in cytoskeleton formation and modification of DNA or RNA, such asRASD2,CKAP4,SPARS2L METTL.

Conclusion:

There were 51 upregulated DEGs and 22 downregulated DEGs in B cells of pSS patients. GO Terms and KEGG pathway analyses showed that most of the upregulated DEGs were enriched in IFN related signaling pathway, and also showed the significant relationship with microbial infection.

Conjoint analysis showed that the target DEGs which regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs participated in cytoskeleton formation and modification of DNA or RNA. There maybe more than one regulatory methods lead to DEGs in B cells of pSS patients.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

OP0093 FREQUENCIES AND PREDICTORS OF THE LUPUS LOW DISEASE ACTIVITY STATE AND REMISSION IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS -- A REAL-WORLD COHORT STUDY

Background:

After the introduction of treat-to-target strategy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) and definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS) were developed and validated. Several studies had demonstrated that the achievement and maintenance of LLDAS or DORIS was associated with good prognosis.

Objectives:

To evaluate the attainability of LLDAS and DORIS in a treatment-naïve cohort of SLE.

Methods:

LDAS5 was defined as LLDAS with a prednisone dose ≤5 mg/d. There were 4 definitions in DORIS: clinical remission on treatment (RONT), complete RONT, clinical remission off treatment (ROFT) and complete ROFT. The treatment-naïve patients from Peking University First Hospital SLE cohort were enrolled. The time to each state and their annual cumulative probabilities were estimated by Kaplan-Meier approach. The frequencies of patients who achieved each component of LLDAS or DORIS during follow-up were determined.

Results:

A total of 218 treatment-naïve patients were included, with a median follow-up of 4.48 years. Respectively, 190 (87.2%), 160 (73.4%), 148 (67.9%), 94 (43.1%), 23 (10.6%) and 18 (8.3%) patients achieved LLDAS, LLDAS5, clinical RONT, complete RONT, clinical ROFT and complete ROFT at least once during the follow-up time. The median time to LLDAS, LLDAS5, clinical RONT and complete RONT were 1.4, 2.3, 2.6 and 4.7 years, respectively.

Table 1.

Frequencies, time to achieve and annual cumulative probabilities of each state by Kaplan-Meier approach

StatesAchieved patientsNumber (%)Time to achieve(years)Cumulative probabilities of achievement (%)Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5LLDAS190 (87.2)1.418.869.786.789.192.6LLDAS5160 (73.4)2.36.940.763.376.082.3Clinical RONT148 (67.9)2.65.536.156.168.876.6Complete RONT94 (43.1)4.74.122.637.545.350.4Clinical ROFT23 (10.6)NA1.42.95.46.710.6Complete ROFT18 (8.3)NA0.92.54.84.88.8Table 2.

Patients who achieved each component of LLDAS or DORIS during follow-up

ComponentsNumber (%)SLEDAI-2K ≤4, with no activity in major organ systems (renal, central nervous system, cardiopulmonary, vasculitis, fever), and no haemolytic anaemia or gastrointestinal active213 (97.7)Clinical SLEDAI-2K =0210 (96.3)PGA ≤1217 (99.5)PGA <0.5199 (91.3)Serology (anti-dsDNA and complement) negative148 (67.9)Prednisone dose ≤7.5 mg/day201 (92.2)Prednisone dose ≤5 mg/day171 (78.4)No prednisone dose40 (18.3)No prednisone dose and Immunosuppressants32 (14.7)

Conclusion:

Our data confirmed that LLDAS is an attainable early treatment target for SLE. Though with more difficulty, RONT can be achieved in two-thirds of our patients. ROFT may not be an ideal treatment target at present as it is only attained in few patients.

References:

[1]Franklyn, K. et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Sep;75(9):1615-21.

[2]van Vollenhoven, R. et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Mar;76(3):554-561.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

AB0376 DETERMINANTS AND PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF A LOW DISEASE ACTIVITY STATE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE CHINESE COHORT

Background:

The concept of treat to target in systemic lupus erythematosus has moved forward in recent years. The Lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) defined by the Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration (APLC) in 2016 has been validated prospectively in the APLC cohort itself and retrospectively in multiple other cohorts.

Objectives:

The concept of treat to target in systemic lupus erythematosus has moved forward in recent years. The Lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) defined by the Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration (APLC) in 2016 has been validated prospectively in the APLC cohort itself and retrospectively in multiple other cohorts. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and determinants of achieving LLDAS, and the influence of LLDAS on short term outcomes including disease flare and damage accrual in Chinese lupus patients.

Methods:

The baseline and follow-up data of all consecutive patients in a longitudinal lupus cohort from January 2017 to December 2018 were collected prospectively. SLEDAI-2K, PGA and disease flare were assessed at each follow-up visit, and further compared to the previous routine clinical visits. Irreversible disease damage was captured using the SLICC damage index and the short form (36) health survey for health-related quality of life was completed annually.

Results:

One hundred and forty-nine patients were enrolled, with the median disease duration at recruitment of 2.4 (0.9–8.2) years, and median follow-up of 15.4 (10.1-18.2) months. By the end of the study, 104 (69.8%) patients achieved LLDAS at least once; 59 patients achieved LLDAS for≥50% of observations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age at disease onset< 30 years (OR=0.05, 95%CI [0.01-0.59], p=0.017), 24-hour urine total protein (UTP) level at recruitment (OR=0.9992, 95%CI [0.9987-0.9998], p=0.007), and C3 level (OR=1.004, 95%CI [1.001-1.008], p=0.024) had independent associations with achieving LLDAS for≥50% of all observations (Table 1). During follow-up, 56 (37.6%) patients experienced disease flare including 14 (9.4%) patients with severe flare. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed significant differences in flare rates according to whether LLDAS was achieved and the percentage follow-up time in LLDAS (Figure 1). Multivariate cox analysis revealed that the percentage time of time in LLDAS was an independent negative determinant of disease flare (HR=0.18, 95% CI [0.07-0.48], p=0.001) (Table 2). There were 16 (15.0%)/107 patients who had damage accrual after one year of follow-up. Multivariate logistic analysis showed a tendency for achieving LLDAS during follow-up being protective for damage accrual (OR=0.27, 95%CI [0.07-1.00], p=0.050).

Conclusion:

In this Chinese early disease cohort, LLDAS was an attainable goal in clinical practice. Age at onset, UTP and C3 level at recruitment influenced achievement of LLDAS. LLDAS was negatively associated with disease flare and damage accrual; this needs to be confirmed by future longer follow-up.

Acknowledgments:

The data in this cohort was collected and recorded using the framework of the lupus low disease activity status (LLDAS) study from the Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration (APLC).

Disclosure of Interests:

Yanjie Hao: None declared, Lanlan Ji: None declared, Dai Gao: None declared, Yong Fan: None declared, Eric F. Morand Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca, Consultant of: AstraZeneca, Speakers bureau: AstraZeneca, Mandana Nikpour: None declared, Zhuoli Zhang: None declared

THU0120 OVERLAPPING SJOGREN’S SYNDROME AND ULTRASOUND REMISSION, FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND MANAGEMENT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED REAL-WORLD COHORT FROM 2009 TO 2019

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) are often referred to as more severe synovitis.

Objectives:

We intend to clarify the impact of overlapping SS on ultrasound remission, functional ability improvement and clinical decision-making in RA patients in a real-world cohort from 2009 to 2019.

Methods:

The medical records of RA patients in our medical center from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. Cox proportional hazards models of ultrasound remission and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) improvement were conducted in both the 1-to-1 nearest propensity score matched (PSM) and unmatched cohorts between those RA patients with SS (RA-SS) and without (RA-noSS) to correct critical confounders. Four kinds of PSM methods were used and the corresponding average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) was calculated to clarify the effect of overlapping SS on distinguishable characteristics or drug prescription in RA patients.

Results:

A total of 1100 RA patients were included in the study, of which 133 (12.1%) overlapped with SS. Among 256 patients consisting of 128 RA-SS and 128 RA-noSS after 1-to-1 nearest PSM, overlapping SS was associated with a 44%, 32% lower probability of reaching ultrasound remission, no-functional disability in RA patients, respectively. More prevalent interstitial lung disease (ILD), leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and more hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) usage, less biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) prescription were confirmed to be correlated with overlapping SS by the robust PSM.

Conclusion:

Overlapping SS is associated with a lower probability of reaching ultrasound remission and functional activity improvement, higher prevalence of ILD, leukopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia in RA patients. Weaker interventions such as HCQ may be the mainstream of clinical decision making.

Table.

Hazard Ratios for Ultrasound Remission/No Functional Disability Associated with Overlapping SS

Unmatched cohortMatched cohortUS remissionNo functional disabilityUS remissionNo functional disabilityUnstratified0.63 (0.51, 0.79)0.60 (0.52, 0.70)0.56 (0.42, 0.74)0.68 (0.55, 0.83)Stratified Gender0.62 (0.50, 0.77)0.63 (0.54, 0.74)0.53 (0.40, 0.71)0.66 (0.54, 0.80) Age0.63 (0.51, 0.78)0.60 (0.52, 0.70)0.54 (0.40, 0.72)0.62 (0.50, 0.76) RF0.64 (0.52, 0.80)0.63 (0.54, 0.73)0.56 (0.42, 0.74)0.68 (0.55, 0.83) ACPA0.63 (0.51, 0.79)0.59 (0.50, 0.68)0.57 (0.43, 0.76)0.63 (0.51, 0.78) Seropositivity0.64 (0.52, 0.80)0.63 (0.54, 0.74)0.59 (0.45, 0.79)0.75 (0.61, 0.92) RA duration0.64 (0.51, 0.79)0.61 (0.52, 0.71)0.58 (0.44, 0.77)0.70 (0.57, 0.86) BLDAS28CRP0.64 (0.51, 0.80)0.62 (0.53, 0.72)0.54 (0.41, 0.72)0.66 (0.54, 0.81)

Values are presented as total and stratified Hazard Ratio (95% CI) for ultrasound remission and no functional disability associated with overlapping SS in RA patients according to gender, age, RF/ACPA status, RA duration and DAS28-CRP at 1stvisit. US remission refers to ultrasound GS<2 and PD=0. Unmatched cohort refers to whole sample (n=1100), matched cohort refers to propensity score matched (PSM) patients (n=256). The values are statistically significant at the level of 0.01.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

SAT0060 OVERLAPPING SJOGREN’S SYNDROME REDUCES THE PROBABILITY OF REACHING TARGET IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED REAL-WORLD COHORT FROM 2009 TO 2019

Background:

Overlapping Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is not uncommon in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and considered as a probable detrimental factor of RA. But data on the impact of overlapping SS on RA therapeutic response is limited.

Objectives:

Our current study aimed to identify the effect in a real-world cohort from 2009 to 2019.

Methods:

The medical records of RA patients who attended the outpatient department of our medical center from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed, and the disease activity based on DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, SDAI and CDAI at each follow-up point were collected. To correct confounders which may affect the therapeutic response between those RA patients with SS (RA-SS) and without (RA-noSS), we compared both the propensity score-matched and unmatched cohorts using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:

Among the 1099 RA patients, 129 (11.7%) overlapped with SS validated by positive anti-SSA or pathological minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB). After propensity score matching based on their baseline characteristics, 126 of 129 RA-SS and 126 of 970 RA-noSS patients were statistically extracted. Overlapping SS was associated with a 29%, 26%, 18%, 22% lower probability of reaching remission in RA patients based on DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, SDAI, CDAI, respectively, which trend kept true for reaching low disease activity (LDA) either. Although overlapping SS had the most significant impact on ESR (HR 0.69, 95%CI 0.61-0.79), other components assessing RA disease activity were also in jeopardy. When stratified by age, RA duration, RF and ACPA status, baseline DAS28-CRP, the trend remained.

Conclusion:

Overlapping SS is associated with a lower probability of reaching target in RA patients, and should be regarded as one of the poor prognostic factors in the management of RA.

Table

Hazard Ratios for Reaching Remission/Low disease activity and Individual Components in RA patients Associated with Overlapping SS

Unmatched cohort(n=1099)Matched cohort(n=252)Trimmed cohort(n=242)Remission Based on Composite Disease Activity ScoreDAS28-ESR0.68 (0.62, 0.75)0.71 (0.62, 0.82)0.74 (0.64, 0.85)DAS28-CRP0.80 (0.74, 0.87)0.74 (0.66, 0.83)0.74 (0.66, 0.83)SDAI0.82 (0.74, 0.91)0.82 (0.70, 0.94)0.83 (0.72, 0.97)CDAI0.77 (0.70, 0.86)0.78 (0.67, 0.91)0.78 (0.67, 0.91)Boolean0.83 (0.75, 0.92)0.80 (0.69, 0.93)0.82 (0.70, 0.95)Remission/LDA Based on Composite Disease Activity ScoreDAS28-ESR0.76 (0.70, 0.82)0.73 (0.65, 0.82)0.74 (0.66, 0.83)DAS28-CRP0.80 (0.74, 0.86)0.76 (0.68, 0.84)0.75 (0.68, 0.84)SDAI0.79 (0.73, 0.85)0.74 (0.66, 0.82)0.74 (0.66, 0.82)CDAI0.78 (0.73, 0.84)0.74 (0.66, 0.82)0.74 (0.66, 0.82)Individual Components of Disease Activity Score28SJC≤10.83 (0.77, 0.89)0.77 (0.69, 0.85)0.76 (0.68, 0.84)28TJC≤10.81 (0.75, 0.87)0.79 (0.70, 0.88)0.78 (0.70, 0.88)PtGA≤10.81 (0.74, 0.89)0.82 (0.71, 0.94)0.82 (0.72, 0.95)PrGA≤10.81 (0.74, 0.88)0.78 (0.69, 0.88)0.79 (0.70, 0.89)ESR≤ULN0.66 (0.61, 0.73)0.69 (0.61, 0.79)0.74 (0.65, 0.84)CRP≤1mg/dL0.84 (0.78, 0.90)0.76 (0.68, 0.84)0.77 (0.69, 0.85)

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

THU0247 FREQUENCY AND PREDICTORS OF THE LUPUS LOW DISEASE ACTIVITY STATE IN CHINESE PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: AN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY

Background:

As a consensus-based definition of minimally acceptable disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) has been well-validated and widely accepted. However, no data about the time to LLDAS in Asian ethnicity has been reported so far.

Objectives:

To estimate the time to LLDAS and the predictors of time to LLDAS in our prospective observational cohort of Chinese patients with SLE.

Methods:

Patients were from Peking University First Hospital SLE cohort and those having not fulfilled LLDAS at enrolment were included in this study. The time to LLDAS and annual cumulative probabilities of LLDAS achievement were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier approach. The predictors of time to LLDAS were identified by univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards.

Results:

A total of 574 patients with SLE were included and 435 (75.8%) of them achieved LLDAS during a median 4.2 years of follow-up. The median time to LLDAS was 19.0 months and the cumulative probabilities at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years were 19.8%, 57.6%, 72.0%, 85.1% and 98.0%, respectively. In multivariable Cox models, older age at disease onset, treatment-naïve and hydroxychloroquine prescription were found to be independent predictors of shorter time to LLDAS, after adjusted by daily prednisone dose, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 and physician’s global assessment. Finally, we developed a matrix model based on the identified independent predictors to present the time to LLDAS in patients with respective characteristics.

Conclusion:

Our study proved that LLDAS is attainable as an early treatment target for SLE in Chinese patients. The older age at disease onset, treatment-naïve and hydroxychloroquine prescription were independent predictors of shorter time to LLDAS.

References:

[1]Franklyn K, Lau CS, Navarra SV, Louthrenoo W, Lateef A, Hamijoyo L, Wahono CS, Chen SL, Jin O, Morton S, Hoi A, Huq M, Nikpour M, Morand EF; Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Sep;75(9):1615-21.

Table 1

Baseline variables associated with LLDAS achievement based on multivariable Cox models

CharacteristicsModel 1Model 2Model 3HR (95% CI)pvalueHR (95% CI)pvalueHR (95% CI)pvalueAge at disease onset, years1.010 (1.003-1.016)0.0051.009 (1.002-1.016)0.0101.010 (1.003-1.017)0.004Treatment-naïve1.346 (1.105-1.641)0.0031.425 (1.161-1.749)0.0011.484 (1.204-1.830)<0.001Nephritis0.776 (0.641-0.939)0.0091.066 (0.820-1.385)0.6340.925 (0.737-1.160)0.498SLEDAI0.968 (0.950-0.987)0.001PGA0.685 (0.551-0.853)0.001Daily prednisone (or equivalent) dose, mg/d1.003 (0.998-1.007)0.2661.005 (0.999-1.010)0.093HCQ1.638 (1.263-2.123)<0.0011.713 (1.318-2.225)<0.0011.664 (1.284-2.157)<0.001

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

[Features of gut microbiota in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease]

Objectives: To investigate whether the fecal microbiome of Parkinson's disease patients differs from that of healthy population and explore the pathogenesis and new treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Methods: A total of 30 patients diagnosed as idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD group) in Beijing Friendship Hospital between April 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled and 30 healthy controls (NC group) were recruited at the same time.Medical records and score of unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) were collected and fresh fecal samples were obtained and stored in refrigerator (-80℃). The microbial compositions of fecal samples were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region. The taxa abundance and microbial composition were tested. Results: There was no difference of age and sex in PD and NC groups. Chao1 and Shannon indexes tended to be higher in PD group, yet failed to reach statistic significance (P=0.115 and 0.052). Relative abundance of gut microbiota differed in each taxonomic category. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in PD group was 53.6%(41.7%-64.8%), while that of Bacteroidetes in NC group was 51.7%(31.7%-65.3%). The ratios of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes were significantly different between the two groups (1.6(0.9-3.4) vs 0.7(0.5-1.4), P=0.001). In Clostridia, Bacilli and Erysipelotrichia of Firmicutes, the relative abundances of Clostridiales, Christensenellaceae, Peptoclostridium, Lactobacillus and Erysipelatoclostridium were higher in PD group (P=0.024, 0.046, 0.036, 0.022 and 0.037). The relative abundance of Prevotella of Bacteroidales, was lower in PD group, yet failed to reach statistic significance (P=0.121). The relative abundances of Alistipes of Rikenellaceae and Butyricimonas of Marinilabiliales in PD group were significantly higher than those in NC group (P=0.047 and 0.033). The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium of Actinobacteria was significanly higher in PD group when compared with NC group (P=0.009). Despite the relatively low abundance, Akkermansia of Verrucomicrobia was significantly higher in PD group than in NC group (P=0.025). Conclusion: The structures of the fecal microbiota differ significantly between PD patients and healthy controls.