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Trobiani L, Favaloro FL, Di Castro MA, Di Mattia M, Cariello M, Miranda E, Canterini S, De Stefano ME, Comoletti D, Limatola C, De Jaco A. UPR activation specifically modulates glutamate neurotransmission in the cerebellum of a mouse model of autism. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:139-150. [PMID: 30201312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of rare mutations linked to autism spectrum disorders have been reported in genes encoding for proteins involved in synapse formation and maintenance, such as the post-synaptic cell adhesion proteins neuroligins. Most of the autism-linked mutations in the neuroligin genes map on the extracellular protein domain. The autism-linked substitution R451C in Neuroligin3 (NLGN3) induces a local misfolding of the extracellular domain, causing defective trafficking and retention of the mutant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), due to misfolded proteins accumulating in the ER, has been implicated in pathological and physiological conditions of the nervous system. It was previously shown that the over-expression of R451C NLGN3 in a cellular system leads to the activation of the UPR. Here, we have investigated whether this protective cellular response is detectable in the knock-in mouse model of autism endogenously expressing R451C NLGN3. Our data showed up-regulation of UPR markers uniquely in the cerebellum of the R451C mice compared to WT littermates, at both embryonic and adult stages, but not in other brain regions. Miniature excitatory currents in the Purkinje cells of the R451C mice showed higher frequency than in the WT, which was rescued inhibiting the PERK branch of UPR. Taken together, our data indicate that the R451C mutation in neuroligin3 elicits UPR in vivo, which appears to trigger alterations of synaptic function in the cerebellum of a mouse model expressing the R451C autism-linked mutation.
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Rabal O, San José-Enériz E, Agirre X, Sánchez-Arias JA, Vilas-Zornoza A, Ugarte A, de Miguel I, Miranda E, Garate L, Fraga M, Santamarina P, Fernandez Perez R, Ordoñez R, Sáez E, Roa S, García-Barchino MJ, Martínez-Climent JA, Liu Y, Wu W, Xu M, Prosper F, Oyarzabal J. Discovery of Reversible DNA Methyltransferase and Lysine Methyltransferase G9a Inhibitors with Antitumoral in Vivo Efficacy. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6518-6545. [PMID: 29953809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using knowledge- and structure-based approaches, we designed and synthesized reversible chemical probes that simultaneously inhibit the activity of two epigenetic targets, histone 3 lysine 9 methyltransferase (G9a) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), at nanomolar ranges. Enzymatic competition assays confirmed our design strategy: substrate competitive inhibitors. Next, an initial exploration around our hit 11 was pursued to identify an adequate tool compound for in vivo testing. In vitro treatment of different hematological neoplasia cell lines led to the identification of molecules with clear antiproliferative efficacies (GI50 values in the nanomolar range). On the basis of epigenetic functional cellular responses (levels of lysine 9 methylation and 5-methylcytosine), an acceptable therapeutic window (around 1 log unit) and a suitable pharmacokinetic profile, 12 was selected for in vivo proof-of-concept ( Nat. Commun. 2017 , 8 , 15424 ). Herein, 12 achieved a significant in vivo efficacy: 70% overall tumor growth inhibition of a human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) xenograft in a mouse model.
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Bernie H, Miranda E, Terrier J, Nelson C, Mulhall J. 085 Low PSA level in men diagnosed with prostate cancer predicts testosterone deficiency (TD). J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Teloken P, Miranda E, Kagacan C, Deveci S, Mulhall J. 210 The Safety and Outcomes of Penile Implant Surgery in the Elderly Population. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Levey Bernie H, Kagacan C, Miranda E, Jenkins L, Tal R, Mulhall J. 180 Increased Orgasmic Intensity After Radical Prostatectomy: Prevalence And Predictors. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bach P, Miranda E, Nascimento B, Nelson C, Mulhall J. 325 Correlation Between Penile Deformity, Patient Bother, and Perceived Partner Bother in Men with Peyronie's Disease. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Terrier JE, Valencia LF, Orkisz M, Nelson C, Journel NM, Miranda E, Mulhall J. Utilisation d’un nouveau logiciel informatique pour l’évaluation de la courbure dans la maladie de Lapeyronie : l’étude GOSOFT. Prog Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Apaolaza I, San José-Eneriz E, Tobalina L, Miranda E, Garate L, Agirre X, Prósper F, Planes FJ. An in-silico approach to predict and exploit synthetic lethality in cancer metabolism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:459. [PMID: 28878380 PMCID: PMC5587678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a promising concept in cancer research, potentially opening new possibilities for the development of more effective and selective treatments. Here, we present a computational method to predict and exploit synthetic lethality in cancer metabolism. Our approach relies on the concept of genetic minimal cut sets and gene expression data, demonstrating a superior performance to previous approaches predicting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer. Our genetic minimal cut set computational framework is applied to evaluate the lethality of ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 (RRM1) inhibition in multiple myeloma. We present a computational and experimental study of the effect of RRM1 inhibition in four multiple myeloma cell lines. In addition, using publicly available genome-scale loss-of-function screens, a possible mechanism by which the inhibition of RRM1 is effective in cancer is established. Overall, our approach shows promising results and lays the foundation to build a novel family of algorithms to target metabolism in cancer. Exploiting synthetic lethality is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Here, the authors present an approach to identifying such interactions by finding genetic minimal cut sets (gMCSs) that block cancer proliferation, and apply it to study the lethality of RRM1 inhibition in multiple myeloma.
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Miranda E, Ortega Y, Deveci S, Jenkins L, Mulhall J. 196 Device Autoinflation Following Penile Implant Surgery. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Miranda E, Teloken P, Deveci S, Mulhall J. 257 Mechanical Malfunction Profiles in Men Undergoing 3 Piece Inflatable Penile Implants. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Miranda E, Ortega Y, Deveci S, Jenkins L, Mulhall J. 156 Device autoinflation following penile implant surgery. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muñoz M, Miranda E, Sánchez PJ. A Fuzzy System for Estimating Premium Cost of Option Exchange Using Mamdani Inference: Derivatives Market of Mexico. INT J COMPUT INT SYS 2017. [DOI: 10.2991/ijcis.2017.10.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Natori WMH, Andrade EC, Miranda E, Pereira RG. Chiral Spin-Orbital Liquids with Nodal Lines. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:017204. [PMID: 27419588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.017204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strongly correlated materials with strong spin-orbit coupling hold promise for realizing topological phases with fractionalized excitations. Here, we propose a chiral spin-orbital liquid as a stable phase of a realistic model for heavy-element double perovskites. This spin liquid state has Majorana fermion excitations with a gapless spectrum characterized by nodal lines along the edges of the Brillouin zone. We show that the nodal lines are topological defects of a non-Abelian Berry connection and that the system exhibits dispersing surface states. We discuss some experimental signatures of this state and compare them with properties of the spin liquid candidate Ba_{2}YMoO_{6}.
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Miranda E, Tal R, Guhring P, Parker M, Mulhall J. 033 An Assessment Of The Impact Of Testosterone Supplementation Therapy On Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) Levels In Diabetic And Non-Diabetic Men. J Sex Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Herrera F, Miranda E, Gómez E, Presa-Parra E, Lasa R. Comparison of Hydrolyzed Protein Baits and Various Grape Juice Products as Attractants for Anastrepha Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:161-166. [PMID: 26396199 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew; Diptera: Tephritidae), have traditionally been trapped in citrus orchards in Mexico using protein hydrolysates as bait. Recently, CeraTrap(®), an enzymatic hydrolyzed protein, has emerged as an effective lure for monitoring A. ludens at the orchard level and is currently being used by growers in the region of Veracruz. Several studies have revealed that grape juice is highly attractive to A. ludens, and recent work supports its potential use for regulation purposes. In our study, the attraction of A. ludens to different grape products was evaluated in citrus orchards and in comparison to other Anastrepha species in an area composed of mango and chicozapote orchards. Attraction to grape lures was compared with CeraTrap and the standard protein Captor +borax trap. In general, CeraTrap was more attractive than different commercial grape products in several experiments. Only Jumex, a commercial grape juice, did not differ significantly from CeraTrap in the capture of A. ludens males and females in a citrus crop. However, several drawbacks were detected when using Jumex grape juice: 1) higher tendency to capture males, 2) less selectivity against non-targeted insects, 3) higher capture of beneficial lacewings, and iv) the need to re-bait weekly owing to lower stability. In the area containing mango and chicozapote, CeraTrap was more attractive than Captor + borax for Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha serpentina, followed by grape juice products, which were the least attractive for these fruit fly species.
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Quito VL, Hoyos JA, Miranda E. Emergent SU(3) Symmetry in Random Spin-1 Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:167201. [PMID: 26550897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.167201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that generic SU(2)-invariant random spin-1 chains have phases with an emergent SU(3) symmetry. We map out the full zero-temperature phase diagram and identify two different phases: (i) a conventional random-singlet phase (RSP) of strongly bound spin pairs [SU(3) "mesons"] and (ii) an unconventional RSP of bound SU(3) "baryons," which are formed, in the great majority, by spin trios located at random positions. The emergent SU(3) symmetry dictates that susceptibilities and correlation functions of both dipolar and quadrupolar spin operators have the same asymptotic behavior.
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Lasa R, Herrera F, Miranda E, Gómez E, Antonio S, Aluja M. Economic and Highly Effective Trap-Lure Combination to Monitor the Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) at the Orchard Level. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1637-1645. [PMID: 26470304 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring population levels of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), at the orchard level prior and during the fruit ripening period can result in significant savings in the costs of managing this pestiferous insect. Unfortunately, to date, no highly effective and economically viable trap is available to growers. To move toward this goal, trap-lure combinations were evaluated in trials performed in citrus orchards in Veracruz, Mexico. CeraTrap, an enzymatic hydrolyzed protein from pig intestinal mucose, was 3.6 times more attractive to A. ludens than the most commonly used bait of Captor (hydrolyzed protein and borax) when using Multilure traps. When several commercial traps were evaluated, the efficacy of a simple and inexpensive transparent polyethylene (PET) bottle with 10-mm lateral holes was similar to that of the costly Multilure trap when baited with CeraTrap and significantly more effective than a Multilure trap baited with Captor. PET bottles filled with Cera Trap, rebaited at 8-wk intervals, and tested in trials encompassing 72 ha of citrus groves, were significantly more effective than Multilure traps baited with Captor that need to be serviced weekly. In addition to this relevant finding, CeraTrap baited traps detected A. ludens at lower population densities and attracted a significantly higher number of flies at all densities when compared with Captor-baited traps. We conclude that CeraTrap represents a cost-effective and highly efficient bait that will enable us to pursue the goal of developing economic thresholds, a badly needed management tool for A. ludens.
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Magaña S, Li H, Miranda E, Paradiso de Sayu R. Improving health behaviours of Latina mothers of youths and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2015; 59:397-410. [PMID: 24761812 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latina mothers who care for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) over the lifespan struggle to take care of their own health needs in the context of their caregiving experience. Services are typically aimed at the persons with IDD and not their family caregivers. Yet, attending to family caregiver needs may contribute to better long-term care of persons with IDD who remain at home. To address this unmet need, we developed a culturally sensitive health education intervention for Latina mothers who care for youth and adults with IDD. The aim of the intervention is to improve maternal health-related self-efficacy and health behaviours, and to reduce stress. METHOD A randomised control design was employed to determine preliminary efficacy of the intervention. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to examine within-group changes from baseline to 3-month post-test. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance was used to examine the group-by-time interaction effects. RESULTS Intervention participants showed greater increases between pre- and post-test in health-related self-efficacy; self-care, nutrition and overall health behaviours. Both groups reported decreases in depressive symptoms and caregiver burden. CONCLUSIONS While additional research is needed to determine long-term effects and to replicate findings, our results suggest that this culturally sensitive health intervention is a promising way to increase health behaviours which may lead to overall good health for Latina mothers who care for children with IDD across the lifespan.
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Javan Mard H, Andrade EC, Miranda E, Dobrosavljević V. Non-Gaussian spatial correlations dramatically weaken localization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:056401. [PMID: 25699458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We perform variational studies of the interaction-localization problem to describe the interaction-induced renormalizations of the effective (screened) random potential seen by quasiparticles. Here we present results of careful finite-size scaling studies for the conductance of disordered Hubbard chains at half-filling and zero temperature. While our results indicate that quasiparticle wave functions remain exponentially localized even in the presence of moderate to strong repulsive interactions, we show that interactions produce a strong decrease of the characteristic conductance scale g^{*} signaling the crossover to strong localization. This effect, which cannot be captured by a simple renormalization of the disorder strength, instead reflects a peculiar non-Gaussian form of the spatial correlations of the screened disordered potential, a hitherto neglected mechanism to dramatically reduce the impact of Anderson localization (interference) effects.
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Tan L, Dickens JA, DeMeo DL, Miranda E, Perez J, Rashid ST, Day J, Ordonez A, Marciniak SJ, Haq I, Barker AF, Campbell EJ, Eden E, McElvaney NG, Rennard SI, Sandhaus RA, Stocks JM, Stoller JK, Strange C, Turino G, Rouhani FN, Brantly M, Lomas DA. Circulating polymers in 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eur Respir J 2014; 43:1501-4. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Asby DJ, Cuda F, Hoakwie F, Miranda E, Tavassoli A. HIF-1 promotes the expression of its α-subunit via an epigenetically regulated transactivation loop. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:2505-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A HIF-1 protein–protein interaction inhibitor is used to establish the presence of a HIF-1α transactivation loop in hypoxia.
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Dickens JA, Tan L, DeMeo DL, Miranda E, Perez J, Rashid ST, Day J, Ordonez A, Marciniak SJ, Haq I, Barker AF, Campbell EJ, Eden E, McElvaney NG, Rennard SI, Sandhaus RA, Stocks JM, Stoller JK, Strange C, Turino G, Rouhani FN, Brantly M, Lomas DA. S64 Circulating polymers are found in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and are associated with lung disease. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gutierrez M, Pina A, Miranda E, Alonso C. [Late spinal epidural abscess after epidural anesthesia]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 61:293-4. [PMID: 24035537 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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De Cooman G, Miranda E. Irrelevant and independent natural extension for sets of desirable gambles. J ARTIF INTELL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1613/jair.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The results in this paper add useful tools to the theory of sets of desirable gambles, a growing toolbox for reasoning with partial probability assessments. We investigate how to combine a number of marginal coherent sets of desirable gambles into a joint set using the properties of epistemic irrelevance and independence. We provide formulas for the smallest such joint, called their independent natural extension, and study its main properties. The independent natural extension of maximal coherent sets of desirable gambles allows us to define the strong product of sets of desirable gambles. Finally, we explore an easy way to generalise these results to also apply for the conditional versions of epistemic irrelevance and independence. Having such a set of tools that are easily implemented in computer programs is clearly beneficial to fields, like AI, with a clear interest in coherent reasoning under uncertainty using general and robust uncertainty models that require no full specification.
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Schmid ST, Koepke J, Dresel M, Hattesohl A, Frenzel E, Perez J, Lomas DA, Miranda E, Greulich T, Noeske S, Wencker M, Teschler H, Vogelmeier C, Janciauskiene S, Koczulla AR. The effects of weekly augmentation therapy in patients with PiZZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012; 7:687-96. [PMID: 23055718 PMCID: PMC3468059 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s34560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The major concept behind augmentation therapy with human α1-antitrypsin (AAT) is to raise the levels of AAT in patients with protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ (Glu342Lys)-inherited AAT deficiency and to protect lung tissues from proteolysis and progression of emphysema. Objective To evaluate the short-term effects of augmentation therapy (Prolastin®) on plasma levels of AAT, C-reactive protein, and chemokines/cytokines. Materials and methods Serum and exhaled breath condensate were collected from individuals with protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ AAT deficiency-related emphysema (n = 12) on the first, third, and seventh day after the infusion of intravenous Prolastin. Concentrations of total and polymeric AAT, interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and C-reactive protein were determined. Blood neutrophils and primary epithelial cells were also exposed to Prolastin (1 mg/mL). Results There were significant fluctuations in serum (but not in exhaled breath condensate) levels of AAT polymers, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor within a week of augmentation therapy. In general, augmented individuals had higher AAT and lower serum levels of IL-8 than nonaugmented subjects. Prolastin added for 3 hours to neutrophils from protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ individuals in vitro reduced IL-8 release but showed no effect on cytokine/chemokine release from human bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusion Within a week, augmentation with Prolastin induced fluctuations in serum levels of AAT polymers and cytokine/chemokines but specifically lowered IL-8 levels. It remains to be determined whether these effects are related to the Prolastin preparation per se or to the therapeutic efficacy of augmentation with AAT.
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