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Narang A, Chan G, Aframian A, Ali Z, Carr A, Goodier H, Morgan C, Park C, Sugand K, Walton T, Wilson M, Belgaumkar A, Gallagher K, Ghosh K, Gibbons C, Keightley A, Nawaz Z, Wakeling C, Sarraf K, Rogers BA, Kieffer WKM. Thirty-day mortality following surgical management of hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a prospective multi-centre UK study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2021. [PMID: 32862265 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04739-y/figures/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thirty-day mortality of patients with hip fracture is well researched and predictive; validated scoring tools have been developed (Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, NHFS). COVID-19 has significantly greater mortality in the elderly and comorbid patients which includes hip fracture patients. Non-operative treatment is not appropriate due to significantly higher mortality, and therefore, these patients are often exposed to COVID-19 in the peri-operative period. What is unclear is the effect of concomitant COVID-19 infection in these patients. METHODS A multicentre prospective study across ten sites in the United Kingdom (responsible for 7% of hip fracture patients per annum in the UK). Demographic and background information were collected by independent chart review. Data on surgical factors included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, time to theatre, Nottingham Hip fracture score (NHFS) and classification of fracture were also collected between 1st March 2020 and 30th April 2020 with a matched cohort from the same period in 2019. RESULTS Actual and expected 30-day mortality was found to be significantly higher than expected for 2020 COVID-19 positive patients (RR 3.00 95% CI 1.57-5.75, p < 0.001), with 30 observed deaths compared against the 10 expected from NHFS risk stratification. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection appears to be an independent risk factor for increased mortality in hip fracture patients. Whilst non-operative management of these fractures is not suggested due to the documented increased risks and mortality, this study provides evidence to the emerging literature of the severity of COVID-19 infection in surgical patients and the potential impact of COVID-19 on elective surgical patients in the peri-operative period.
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Bhutani T, Deleuran M, Fonacier L, Shi V, Shumack S, Biswas P, Cameron M, Chan G, Valdez H, Yin N. P551 EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE OF RESPONSE IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS PATIENTS AFTER SWITCHING FROM DUPILUMAB TO ABROCITINIB (JADE-EXTEND). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chan G, Ong P. P550 DIFFERENCES IN ADMISSION COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT PARAMETERS IN ECZEMA HERPETICUM IN CHILDREN. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chan KH, Sridhar S, Zhang RR, Chu H, Fung AYF, Chan G, Chan JFW, To KKW, Hung IFN, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY. Factors affecting stability and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:226-231. [PMID: 32652214 PMCID: PMC7343644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In late 2019, a novel human coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) - emerged in Wuhan, China. This virus has caused a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries. SARS-CoV-2 is highly adapted to humans and readily transmits from person-to-person. AIM To investigate the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 under various environmental and pH conditions. The efficacies of various laboratory virus inactivation methods and home disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. METHODS The residual virus in dried form or in solution was titrated on to Vero E6 cells on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 after incubation at different temperatures. Viral viability was determined after treatment with various disinfectants and pH solutions at room temperature (20-25oC). FINDINGS SARS-CoV-2 was able to retain viability for 3-5 days in dried form or 7 days in solution at room temperature. SARS-CoV-2 could be detected under a wide range of pH conditions from pH 4 to pH 11 for several days, and for 1-2 days in stool at room temperature but lost 5 logs of infectivity. A variety of commonly used disinfectants and laboratory inactivation procedures were found to reduce viral viability effectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces, and raises the possibility of faecal-oral transmission. Commonly used fixatives, nucleic acid extraction methods and heat inactivation were found to reduce viral infectivity significantly, which could ensure hospital and laboratory safety during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Pepdjonovic L, Kealey J, Yao H, Chan G, Cheng J, O’connell H, Gani J. Never too old for Botox® – intravesical Botox® is efficacious and safe in the elderly population. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Chan G, Gani J. Recurrent urinary tract infections: Utility of videourodynamics, imaging, and cystoscopy: Should we throw in the kitchen sink? EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ke L, Yunhua M, Wenzhuan X, Mengli H, Chan G, Dejuan W, Jianguang Q. Differences in genomic profiles between Chinese and Caucasian castration-resistant prostate cancer. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bird J, Kalker A, Chan J, Rimke A, Chan G, Wilson R, Brutsaert T, Jendzjowsky N, Sherpa M, Day T. Severity of Central Sleep Apnea Does Not Improve Sleeping Oxygen Saturation During Ascent to High Altitude. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shafer B, Day T, Chan J, Kalker A, Rimke A, Chan G, Saran G, Sands S, Foster G. Apnea-hypopnea index is associated with increased loop gain during sleep at ascending altitudes. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chan G, Iliopoulos E, Jain A, Turki M, Trompeter A. Infection after operative fixation of tibia plateau fractures. A risk factor analysis. Injury 2019; 50:2089-2092. [PMID: 31351672 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical fixation of tibial plateau fractures has been shown to improve long-term functional outcomes, but a major complication is that of postoperative infection which can be deleterious to long-term outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of common comorbidities on the risk of postoperative infection. METHOD A retrospective study of 210 consecutive operatively treated patients, treated at two Level 1 Trauma Centres over a 27-month period was performed. Records were analysed to assess the presence of the study factors; smoking, alcohol intake >13 units/week, diabetes, and BMI > 30. The impact of these factors on infection was assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS 175 patients were included in the study, 56.6% male with a mean age of 46.9 years (± 18.2 years). Excessive alcohol consumption of >13 units/week was the only significant risk factor for postoperative infection (p = 0.05) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION This study has identified excessive alcohol consumption as the only independent risk factor for postoperative infection in patients with all types of tibial plateau fracture treated with operative fixation. No relationship between smoking, diabetes nor obesity was found for postoperative infection.
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Chan G, Huang Y, Ang Y, Chong W, Muthu V, Wong A, Soo R. P2.04-36 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis or Hepatitis B. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Honjepari A, Madiowi S, Madjus S, Burkot C, Islam S, Chan G, Majumdar SS, Graham SM. Implementation of screening and management of household contacts of tuberculosis cases in Daru, Papua New Guinea. Public Health Action 2019; 9:S25-S31. [PMID: 31579646 PMCID: PMC6735459 DOI: 10.5588/pha.18.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Daru Island, Western Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation of a screening programme for household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases residing on Daru Island. DESIGN This was a retrospective descriptive study evaluating two periods of implementation: introduction and expansion of a screening programme for household contacts of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) cases (March 2016 to September 2017), and inclusion of drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) cases with provision of preventive therapy for eligible contacts between October 2017 and March 2018. RESULTS In the first period, the contact screening programme was established and strengthened by increasing coverage over time. There was a large number of contacts (median 8) in each household, and a high uptake of screening. In the second period of evaluation, respectively 412 and 223 contacts of 42 DS-TB and 25 DR-TB index cases were screened. Overall, 156 (24.6%) contacts reported TB-related symptoms and 9 (1.4%) were diagnosed with active TB. All 9 commenced TB treatment: 5 had DS-TB and 4 had DR-TB. Of 82 child contacts of DS-TB cases eligible for preventive therapy, 57 (69.5%) commenced treatment and 45 completed treatment. CONCLUSION Community-based household contact screening and management was successfully implemented under programme conditions in this high burden TB and DR-TB setting in PNG.
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Taune M, Ustero P, Hiashiri S, Huang K, Aia P, Morris L, Main S, Chan G, du Cros P, Majumdar SS. Successful implementation of bedaquiline for multidrug-resistant TB treatment in remote Papua New Guinea. Public Health Action 2019; 9:S73-S79. [PMID: 31579654 PMCID: PMC6735455 DOI: 10.5588/pha.18.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Bedaquiline (BDQ) was introduced in the multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) programme in Daru in remote Papua New Guinea in 2015, along with a core package of active drug-safety monitoring (aDSM). OBJECTIVE To assess interim results and safety of BDQ for the treatment of MDR-TB from 1 July 2015 to 31 December 2017. DESIGN A retrospective cohort analysis of routine programme data. RESULTS Of 277 MDR-TB patients, 77 (39%) received BDQ with a total of 8 serious adverse events including 5 (6.5%) deaths, of which 1 (1.3% QTcF prolongation, grade 3) was attributable to BDQ. Of 200 (61%) patients who did not receive BDQ, there were 17 (9%) deaths. Completeness of monitoring for the BDQ group was 90% for >5 electrocardiograms and 79% for ⩾2 cultures. In the interim result indicator analysis at month 6 in the BDQ and non-BDQ groups, there were respectively 0% and 1% lost to follow-up; 6.5% and 8.5% who died; 94% and 91% in care; and 92% and 96% with negative culture among those monitored. CONCLUSION Early experience in Daru shows BDQ is safe and feasible to implement with aDSM with good interim effectiveness supporting the rapid adoption and scale-up of the 2019 WHO MDR-TB treatment guidelines in the programme and in similar remote settings.
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Hapolo E, Ilai J, Francis T, du Cros P, Taune M, Chan G. TB treatment delay associated with drug resistance and admission at Daru General Hospital in Papua New Guinea. Public Health Action 2019; 9:S50-S56. [PMID: 31579650 DOI: 10.5588/pha.18.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Daru General Hospital, Daru Island, Papua New Guinea, where high rates of tuberculosis (TB) have been reported. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are needed for improving TB outcomes and to prevent nosocomial transmission. OBJECTIVE To assess the time to treatment initiation and the risk factors associated with delayed treatment for patients started on TB treatment at Daru General Hospital from January to September 2017. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study that entailed reviewing the records from treatment, admission, discharge and presumptive TB registers. RESULTS The study included 360 patients on TB treatment. The median time from presentation to treatment initiation was 7 days [IQR 3-11]. Treatment was started <7 days for 215 patients (60%); however, only 16.2% commenced treatment <2 days. Risk factors for delayed treatment were diagnosis of TB as an inpatient (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.35-5.28, P = 0.005) and having drug-resistant TB (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.5-4.68. P = 0.001). CONCLUSION A high proportion of TB patients commenced treatment <7 days. Inpatient status, DR-TB and lack of microbiological confirmation were associated with delays in treatment initiation. We recommend that programmes monitor the time from presentation to treatment initiation, and propose that a period of >3 days from presentation to treatment initiation be considered as delayed treatment initiation.
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Morris L, Hiasihri S, Chan G, Honjepari A, Tugo O, Taune M, Aia P, Dakulala P, Majumdar SS. The emergency response to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Daru, Western Province, Papua New Guinea, 2014-2017. Public Health Action 2019; 9:S4-S11. [PMID: 31580333 PMCID: PMC6735456 DOI: 10.5588/pha.18.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING A response to an outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) on Daru Island, South Fly District (SFD), Western Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG) was implemented by a national emergency response taskforce. OBJECTIVE To describe programmatic interventions for TB in SFD and evaluate characteristics of TB case notifications, drug resistance and treatment outcomes. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study based on routine programmatic data for all patients enrolled on TB treatment at Daru General Hospital from 2014 to 2017. RESULTS The response involved high-level political commitment, joint planning, resource mobilisation, community engagement and strengthening TB case detection and treatment. Of 1548 people enrolled on TB treatment, 1208 (78%) had drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) and 333 (21.5%) had MDR-TB. There was an increase in MDR-TB as a proportion of all TB. Treatment success rates increased over the study period from 55% to 86% for DS-TB, and from 70% to 81% for MDR-TB from 2014 to 2015. The 2014 case notification rate for TB in SFD was 1031/100 000, decreasing to 736/100 000 in 2017. CONCLUSION The outbreak was stabilised through the response from the national and provincial governments and international partners. Additional interventions are needed to decrease the TB burden in Daru.
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Hannon DM, Harkin E, Donnachie K, Sibartie S, Doyle M, Chan G. A case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis and bacteraemia. Ir J Med Sci 2019; 189:251-252. [PMID: 31203505 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-02045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commonly detectable commensal in the oral flora of dogs and cats, found in 25.5% and 15%, respectively, by culture and 70% and 55%, respectively, by molecular methods [1]. Formerly known as dysgonic fermenter 2 (DF-2), it was first reported in 1976 as a Gram-negative bacillus causing septicaemia and meningitis following dog bites [2]. It causes a spectrum of clinical syndromes from wound infections to bacteraemia and meningitis, especially in those with hyposplenism and alcoholism. We report a case of C. canimorsus meningitis and bacteraemia, and give a review of the relevant literature.
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Bentata R, Chan H, Coste V, Delyfer MN, Chan G, Korobelnik JF. [Persistent pupillary membrane (Wachendorf membrane)]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:808-810. [PMID: 31147100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Punjani N, Chan G, Chan E, Abed H, Campbell J, Brock G. 250 Single Perineal Incision for Artificial Urinary Sphincter: An Analysis of Technique, Outcomes, and Experience. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sandborn WJ, Panés J, Panaccione R, D’Haens G, Sands BE, Su C, Moscariello M, Jones TV, Pedersen RD, Friedman GS, Lawendy N, Chan G. A202 TOFACITINIB FOR THE TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS: UP TO 5.4 YEARS OF SAFETY DATA FROM GLOBAL CLINICAL TRIALS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yeo T, Wang M, Grignani R, Koh L, Tan F, Chan G, Lee CH, Richards M. PO548 A Prospective Sports Cardiology Registry of Athletes In Singapore. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Pua U, Chan G. 4:12 PM Abstract No. 179 Percutaneous Emprint™ microwave ablation of malignant liver tumours: a report of the first 100 cases. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Thornhill C, Chan G, Freeman R. Intraoperative arthrograms facilitating metalwork placement in osteopenic patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:1. [PMID: 29543055 PMCID: PMC6204497 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
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Panés J, Bressler B, Colombel JF, Lawendy N, Maller E, Zhang H, Woodworth D, Chan G, Su C. A199 EFFICACY OF TOFACITINIB RETREATMENT FOR ULCERATIVE COLITIS AFTER TREATMENT INTERRUPTION: RESULTS FROM THE OCTAVE CLINICAL TRIALS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meyers JL, Zhang J, Wang JC, Su J, Kuo SI, Kapoor M, Wetherill L, Bertelsen S, Lai D, Salvatore JE, Kamarajan C, Chorlian D, Agrawal A, Almasy L, Bauer L, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Hesselbrock V, Koganti L, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Manz N, Pandey A, Seay M, Scott D, Taylor RE, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Goate A, Foroud T, Porjesz B. An endophenotype approach to the genetics of alcohol dependence: a genome wide association study of fast beta EEG in families of African ancestry. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1767-1775. [PMID: 28070124 PMCID: PMC5503794 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast beta (20-28 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillatory activity may be a useful endophenotype for studying the genetics of disorders characterized by neural hyperexcitability, including substance use disorders (SUDs). However, the genetic underpinnings of fast beta EEG have not previously been studied in a population of African-American ancestry (AA). In a sample of 2382 AA individuals from 482 families drawn from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on resting-state fast beta EEG power. To further characterize our genetic findings, we examined the functional and clinical/behavioral significance of GWAS variants. Ten correlated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (r2>0.9) located in an intergenic region on chromosome 3q26 were associated with fast beta EEG power at P<5 × 10-8. The most significantly associated SNP, rs11720469 (β: -0.124; P<4.5 × 10-9), is also an expression quantitative trait locus for BCHE (butyrylcholinesterase), expressed in thalamus tissue. Four of the genome-wide SNPs were also associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Alcohol Dependence in COGA AA families, and two (rs13093097, rs7428372) were replicated in an independent AA sample (Gelernter et al.). Analyses in the AA adolescent/young adult (offspring from COGA families) subsample indicated association of rs11720469 with heavy episodic drinking (frequency of consuming 5+ drinks within 24 h). Converging findings presented in this study provide support for the role of genetic variants within 3q26 in neural and behavioral disinhibition. These novel genetic findings highlight the importance of including AA populations in genetics research on SUDs and the utility of the endophenotype approach in enhancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying addiction susceptibility.
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Gu S, Sayad A, Chan G, Yang W, Lu Z, Virtanen C, Van Etten RA, Neel BG. SHP2 is required for BCR-ABL1-induced hematologic neoplasia. Leukemia 2017; 32:203-213. [PMID: 28804122 PMCID: PMC6005183 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BCR-ABL1-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematologic neoplasms. Nevertheless, acquired TKI resistance remains a major problem in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and TKIs are less effective against Ph+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). GAB2, a scaffolding adaptor that binds and activates SHP2, is essential for leukemogenesis by BCR-ABL1, and a GAB2 mutant lacking SHP2 binding cannot mediate leukemogenesis. Using a genetic loss-of-function approach and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models for CML and BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL, we show that SHP2 is required for BCR-ABL1-evoked myeloid and lymphoid neoplasia. Ptpn11 deletion impairs initiation and maintenance of CML-like myeloproliferative neoplasm, and compromises induction of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL. SHP2, and specifically, its SH2 domains, PTP activity and C-terminal tyrosines, is essential for BCR-ABL1+, but not WT, pre-B cell proliferation. The MEK/ERK pathway is regulated by SHP2 in WT and BCR-ABL1+ pre-B cells, but is only required for the proliferation of BCR-ABL1+ cells. SHP2 is required for SRC family kinase (SFK) activation only in BCR-ABL1+ pre-B cells. RNAseq reveals distinct SHP2-dependent transcriptional programs in BCR-ABL1+ and WT pre-B cells. Our results suggest that SHP2, via SFKs and ERK, represses MXD3/4 to facilitate a MYC-dependent proliferation program in BCR-ABL1-transformed pre-B cells.
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