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Kulak JA, Manderski MBT, Travers MJ, Delnevo CD, Hrywna M, Bansal-Travers M, Homish GG, Giovino GA. Patterns and Trends of Hookah Use among New Jersey Youth: New Jersey Youth Tobacco Survey 2008-2014. Am J Health Behav 2018; 42:21-35. [PMID: 29458512 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.42.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the aim was to document trends of ever, past 30-day, and frequent (use on > 10 days/month) hookah use among New Jersey (NJ) high school students. METHODS Data were analyzed from the 2008-2014 waves of the NJ Youth Tobacco Survey, a biennial survey of public high school students in grades 9-12 with a mean age of 15 years. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed trends and correlates of hookah use. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and other tobacco products (including cigars, smokeless tobacco, and bidis). RESULTS In 2014, past 30-day hookah use (11.8%) was as high as e-cigarette use (12.1%) and higher than other tobacco products. The adjusted odds of ever, past 30-day, and frequent hookah use were significantly higher in 2014 than 2008. Past 30-day hookah use was more common among users of other tobacco products. CONCLUSIONS Effective strategies have been used in cigarette tobacco control, and cigarette consumption has decreased as a result. Similar strategies should be employed to encompass emerging tobacco products, with necessary modifications to reduce the prevalence of all tobacco use among youth.
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Heavey SC, Chang YP, Vest BM, Collins RL, Wieczorek W, Homish GG. ‘I have it just in case’ — Naloxone access and changes in opioid use behaviours. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2018; 51:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Terreri LA, Homish GG, Wahler RG, Brody PM, Ohtake PJ. Impact of Interprofessional Falls Risk Assessment Program on Student Perceptions of Other Healthcare Professionals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xjep.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Heavey SC, Homish DL, Goodell EA, Homish GG. U.S. reserve soldiers' combat exposure and intimate partner violence: Not more common but it is more violent. Stress Health 2017; 33:617-623. [PMID: 28198140 PMCID: PMC6419092 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Combat exposure's influence on intimate partner violence (IPV) in reserve soldiers is not well understood. This work examines combat exposure's influence on IPV in U.S. Army Reserve/National Guard soldiers and partners. Data are from Operation: SAFETY, a longitudinal study of U.S. Army Reserve/National Guard soldiers and partners. Logistic regression models examined odds of sexual aggression, physical aggression, and physical injury with combat exposure, controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, marital satisfaction, and age. Combat exposure was associated with greater physical injury, despite no association between combat exposure and physical aggression. This was significant for male soldier to female partner, as well as female partner to male soldier injury. In addition, female partners were more likely to be sexually aggressive against their male soldiers. Female soldiers' combat exposure was not associated with IPV or injury. Although men's combat exposure did not increase the likelihood of physical aggression, it increased the likelihood of IPV resulting in injury for both husband to wife and wife to husband aggression. Results indicate postdeployment programming should focus on conflict resolution and communication for both partners.
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Fillo J, Heavey SC, Homish DL, Homish GG. Deployment-Related Military Sexual Trauma Predicts Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Problems Among Male Reserve and National Guard Soldiers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 42:111-119. [PMID: 29171862 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with a range of deleterious mental and physical health consequences; however, far less attention has been paid to the associations between MST and negative health behaviors, such as substance abuse. This study examined 2 focal research questions: (i) What is the prevalence of experiencing MST during deployment among male Reserve and National Guard soldiers? and (ii) to what extent is the degree of MST exposure during deployment associated with frequent heavy drinking and alcohol problems postdeployment? METHODS Data from male soldiers who had been deployed (N = 248) were drawn from the baseline wave of Operation: SAFETY (Soldiers And Families Excelling Through the Years) an ongoing study examining health among U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard and their partners. Participants were recruited over a 15-month period (Summer 2014 to Fall 2015) from units in New York State. Deployments occurred prior to the baseline wave of the study. Analyses examined the relation between degree of MST exposure during soldiers' most recent deployment and (i) frequent heavy drinking and (ii) alcohol problems, measured at baseline, controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and age. RESULTS 17.3% of the male service members reported experiencing MST during their most recent deployment. Further, greater MST exposure was associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in frequent heavy drinking (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.05]) and experiencing alcohol problems (aRR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that MST rates are high among male Reserve and National Guard soldiers, and greater MST exposure is associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in frequent heavy drinking and experiencing alcohol problems among a population already at risk for problematic alcohol use.
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El-Solh AA, Homish GG, Ditursi G, Lazarus J, Rao N, Adamo D, Kufel T. A Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Versus Mandibular Advancement Device on Health Outcomes in Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:1327-1335. [PMID: 29065960 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Despite the overall improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, adherence to CPAP is far worse in veterans with PTSD compared to the general population with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, adherence, and preference of CPAP versus mandibular advancement device (MAD) and the effect of these treatments on health outcomes in veterans with PTSD. METHODS Forty-two subjects with PTSD and newly diagnosed OSA by polysomnography were treated in a randomized, crossover trial of 12 weeks with CPAP alternating with MAD separated by a 2-week washout period. The primary outcome was the difference in titration residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) between CPAP and MAD. Secondary outcome measures included PTSD Checklist and health-related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). RESULTS Analyses were limited to the 35 subjects (mean age 52.7 ± 11.6 years) who completed the trial, regardless of compliance with their assigned treatment. CPAP was more efficacious in reducing AHI and improving nocturnal oxygenation than MAD (P < .001 and P = .04, respectively). Both treatments reduced PTSD severity and ameliorated scores of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, although no differences were detected between the CPAP and MAD arms. The reported adherence to MAD was significantly higher than CPAP (P < .001), with 58% preferring MAD to CPAP. CONCLUSIONS Although CPAP is more efficacious than MAD at improving sleep apnea, both treatment modalities imparted comparable benefits for veterans with PTSD in relation to PTSD severity and health-related quality of life. MAD offers a viable alternative for veterans with OSA and PTSD who are nonadherent to CPAP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Title: A Randomized Cross Over Trial of Two Treatments for Sleep Apnea in Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT01569022; Identifier: NCT01569022.
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Orom H, Biddle C, Underwood W, Homish GG, Olsson CA. Racial or Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Prostate Cancer Survivors' Prostate-specific Quality of Life. Urology 2017; 112:132-137. [PMID: 28842210 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a prospective study to examine whether there are pretreatment and post-treatment disparities in urinary, sexual, and bowel quality of life (QOL) by race or ethnicity, education, or income in men with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa.) METHODS: Participants (N = 1508; 81% white; 12% black; 7% Hispanic; 50% surgery; 27% radiotherapy; 23% active surveillance) completed the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite measure of PCa-specific QOL prior to treatment, 6 weeks, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. We analyzed pretreatment differences in QOL with multivariable linear regression and post-treatment differences with generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS Blacks and Hispanics (compared with whites) and men with lower income had worse pretreatment urinary function; poorer and less educated men had worse pretreatment sexual function (P < .05). In adjusted models, among men treated surgically, blacks and Hispanics had worse bowel function compared with whites, and men with lower income experienced more sexual bother and slower recovery in urinary function. Not all racial or ethnic differences favored whites; blacks had higher sexual function than whites prior to surgery and improved faster after surgery. Blacks receiving radiotherapy had lower post-treatment bowel bother than whites (P < .05). CONCLUSION Controlling for baseline QOL, there were some post-treatment disparities in urinary and sexual QOL that suggest the need to investigate whether treatment quality and access to follow-up care is equitable. However, survivorship disparities may, to a greater extent, reflect disadvantages in baseline health that exacerbate QOL issues after treatment.
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Hoopsick RA, Fillo J, Vest BM, Homish DL, Homish GG. Substance use and dependence among current reserve and former military members: Cross-sectional findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2010-2014. J Addict Dis 2017; 36:243-251. [PMID: 28813208 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2017.1366735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Maladjustment after leaving the military may contribute to poor health outcomes, including increased risk for substance use and dependence. The authors examined differences in substance use and dependence on the basis of military involvement in a large nationally representative sample. Data are from a subset of the 2010-2014 waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 5,608). The sample included men (81.9%) and women (18.1%) aged 20-49 years who had either separated/retired from the military (n = 4,862) or were a current reserve service member (n = 746). The sample was 70.8% Non-Hispanic White with a median family income between $50,000 and $74,999. Those who were separated/retired from the military had a higher odds of past month smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27, 2.36; p = 0.001), nonmedical use of prescription painkillers (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.88, 8.83; p < 0.001), illicit drug use (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.79, 4.24; p < 0.001), alcohol dependence (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.93; p = 0.011), nicotine dependence (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.28; p = 0.004), and illicit drug dependence (AOR = 5.89; 95% CI: 2.19, 15.85; p = 0.001), compared to current reserve service members, controlling for sex, age, race, and income. Service members are leaving the military at an increasing rate and substance use may increase after separation. Across a range of substances, those who are separated/retired from the military have a higher likelihood of substance use/dependence than current reserve service members. Care models that assist in the transition from discharge to civilian life should be considered.
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Vest BM, Heavey SC, Homish DL, Homish GG. Marital Satisfaction, Family Support, and Pre-Deployment Resiliency Factors Related to Mental Health Outcomes for Reserve and National Guard Soldiers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5:313-323. [PMID: 30505630 DOI: 10.1080/21635781.2017.1343694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between resiliency factors and mental health outcomes among US Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers. Our results demonstrate that higher marital satisfaction is significantly associated with lower anger, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Importantly, our results provide evidence that among the assessed resiliency factors (pre-deployment preparation, unit social support, martial satisfaction and family support), marital satisfaction has the strongest evidence for promoting resiliency. Future research should develop interventions that can be provided jointly to the soldier and his partner to facilitate stronger relationships and promote improved mental health and reintegration post-deployment.
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Kozlowski LT, Homish DL, Homish GG. Daily users compared to less frequent users find vape as or more satisfying and less dangerous than cigarettes, and are likelier to use non-cig-alike vaping products. Prev Med Rep 2017; 6:111-114. [PMID: 28289597 PMCID: PMC5344323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the roles of perceived satisfaction and perceived danger and vaping-product-type as correlates of more frequent use of vaping products. In a baseline assessment of a longitudinal study of US Army Reserve/National Guard Soldiers and their partners (New York State, USA, 2014-2016), participants were asked about current use of vaping products (e-cigarettes) and perceived satisfaction and danger in comparison to cigarettes as well as type of product used. Fisher-exact tests and multiple ordinal logistic regressions were used. In multivariable and univariate models, more perceived satisfaction, less perceived danger, and use of non-cig-alike products were associated with more frequent use of vaping products (ps < 0.05, two-tailed). For self-selected, more frequent adult users, e-cigs can be at least as satisfying as cigarettes and often more satisfying and are perceived as less dangerous than cigarettes. Non-cig-alike products were more likely in daily users. Some concern that e-cigs are a gateway to cigarettes arises from assuming that e-cigs may not be as reinforcing and pleasurable as cigarettes. These results indicate that accurate perception of comparative risk and use of more effective-nicotine delivery product can produce for some users a highly-satisfying alternative to cigarettes.
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El-Solh AA, Vermont L, Homish GG, Kufel T. The effect of continuous positive airway pressure on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective study. Sleep Med 2017; 33:145-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Orom H, Sharma C, Homish GG, Underwood W, Homish DL. Racial Discrimination and Stigma Consciousness Are Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Minority Men. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:10.1007/s40615-016-0284-2. [PMID: 27800597 PMCID: PMC5411333 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether lifetime racial discrimination and stigma consciousness (expecting to be stigmatized) are associated with blood pressure in minority and White middle-aged and older adult men. DESIGN Participants were 1533 men (mean age = 63.2 [SD = 7.9, range = 37.4-89.2]; 12.4 % Black, 7.8 % Hispanic, 2.0 % other) diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer. We separately modeled associations between discrimination/stigma consciousness and blood pressure outcomes for minorities and Whites controlling for education, income, employment status, age, marital status, BMI, and recruitment site. RESULTS Minorities reported more racial discrimination and stigma consciousness than Whites (ps < .001). For minorities, having experienced more racial discrimination was associated with having higher diastolic blood pressure (B = 0.15, p = .016) and having greater stigma consciousness was associated with greater odds of having hypertension (OR = 1.04, p = .047). Greater stigma consciousness was associated with lower systolic blood pressure in Whites (B = -0.24, p = .012). CONCLUSION Discrimination and stigma consciousness are associated with common risk factors for chronic disease and premature death that disproportionately affect minorities. Findings for stigma consciousness suggest that anticipatory vigilance may be impacting minority health.
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Mollica MA, Underwood W, Homish GG, Homish DL, Orom H. Spirituality is associated with less treatment regret in men with localized prostate cancer. Psychooncology 2016; 26:1839-1845. [PMID: 27530290 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with prostate cancer regret their treatment choice. Treatment regret is associated with lower physical and mental quality of life. We investigated whether, in men with prostate cancer, spirituality is associated with lower decisional regret 6 months after treatment and whether this is, in part, because men with stronger spiritual beliefs experience lower decisional conflict when they are deciding how to treat their cancer. METHODS One thousand ninety three patients with prostate cancer (84% white, 10% black, and 6% Hispanic; mean age = 63.18; SD = 7.75) completed measures of spiritual beliefs and decisional conflict after diagnosis and decisional regret 6 months after treatment. We used multivariable linear regression to test whether there is an association between spirituality and decisional regret and structural equation modeling to test whether decisional conflict mediated this relationship. RESULTS Stronger spiritual beliefs were associated with less decisional regret (b = -0.39, 95% CI = -0.53, -0.26, P < .001, partial η2 = 0.024, confidence interval = -0.55, 39%, P < .001, partial η2 = 0.03), after controlling for covariates. Decisional conflict partially (38%) mediated the effect of spirituality on regret (indirect effect: b = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.21, -0.12, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Spirituality may help men feel less conflicted about their cancer treatment decisions and ultimately experience less decisional regret. Psychosocial support post-diagnosis could include clarification of spiritual values and opportunities to reappraise the treatment decision-making challenge in light of these beliefs.
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Abstract
Reductions in substance use tend to coincide with marriage, as both may occur during emerging adulthood. During the transition to marriage, it is possible that one's spouse may be the influence that causes the reduction in substance use. Data on participants (N = 471 couples) for this report are taken from a longitudinal study of early marriage. The objective of the current analysis is to determine if having a spouse who uses marijuana is associated with a greater likelihood of one's own use. Additionally, we are interested in spousal influence and cessation. The findings support spousal influence. Husbands are more likely to start using marijuana if their wives use marijuana, but the reverse is not true. Husbands also are more likely to stop using if their spouses do not use. During the transition into marriage, the drug use of one spouse does affect the other. However, this influence appears to be unidirectional, with wives influencing their husbands more often.
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Ellis EM, Collins RL, Homish GG, Parks KA, Kiviniemi MT. Perceived controllability of condom use shifts reliance on implicit versus explicit affect. Health Psychol 2016; 35:842-6. [DOI: 10.1037/hea0000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Smith KZ, Smith PH, Cercone SA, McKee SA, Homish GG. Past year non-medical opioid use and abuse and PTSD diagnosis: Interactions with sex and associations with symptom clusters. Addict Behav 2016; 58:167-74. [PMID: 26946448 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have examined the associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and non-medical opioid use (NMOU), particularly in general U.S. METHODS We analyzed data from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized adults, to examine (1) the relationship between PTSD diagnosis with NMOU, Opioid Use Disorder diagnosis, and average monthly frequency of NMOU; and (2) the relationship between PTSD symptom clusters with NMOU, Opioid Use Disorder diagnosis, and average monthly frequency of NMOU. We also explored sex differences among these associations. RESULTS In the adjusted model, a past year PTSD diagnosis was associated with higher odds of past year NMOU for women and men, but the association was stronger for women. In addition, PTSD was associated with higher odds of an Opioid Use Disorder diagnosis for women, but not for men. With regard to the relationship between specific symptom clusters among those with a past year PTSD diagnosis, important sex differences emerged. For women, the avoidance symptom cluster was associated with higher odds of NMOU, an Opioid Use Disorder diagnosis, and higher rate of average monthly frequency of NMOU, while for men the arousal/reactivity cluster was associated with higher odds of NMOU, an Opioid Use Disorder diagnosis, and a higher rate of average monthly frequency of NMOU. In addition, for men, the avoidance symptom cluster was associated with higher odds of an Opioid Use Disorder diagnosis, but a lower rate of average monthly frequency of NMOU. CONCLUSIONS Results add to the literature showing an association between PTSD and NMOU and suggest that PTSD is more strongly associated with substance use for women than men. Further, results based on individual symptom clusters suggest that men and women with PTSD may be motivated to use substances for different reasons.
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Saddleson ML, Kozlowski LT, Giovino GA, Homish GG, Mahoney MC, Goniewicz ML. Assessing 30-day quantity-frequency of U.S. adolescent cigarette smoking as a predictor of adult smoking 14 years later. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 162:92-8. [PMID: 26987520 PMCID: PMC6119624 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve measures of monthly tobacco cigarette smoking among non-daily smokers, predictive of future non-daily monthly and daily smoking. METHODS Data from United States National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, tracking adolescents, ages 12-21, over 14 years were analyzed. At baseline, 6501 adolescents were assessed; 5114 individuals provided data at waves 1 and 4. Baseline past 30-day non-daily smokers were classified using quantity-frequency measures: cigarettes smoked/day by number of days smoked in the past 30 days. RESULTS Three categories of past 30-day non-daily smokers emerged using cigarettes/month (low:1-5, moderate: 6-60, high: 61+) and predicted past 30-day smoking at follow-up (low: 44.5%, moderate: 60.0%, high: 77.0%, versus 74.2% daily smokers; rτ=-0.2319, p<0.001). Two categories of non-smokers plus low, moderate and high categories of non-daily smokers made up a five-category non-daily smoking index (NDSI). High NDSI (61+ cigs/mo.) and daily smokers were equally likely to be smoking 14 years later (High NDSI OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.53-1.80 [daily as reference]). Low (1-5 cigs/mo.) and moderate (6-60 cigs/mo.) NDSI were distinctly different from high NDSI, but similar to one another (OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.15-0.29 and OR=0.22, 95% CI=0.14-0.34, respectively) when estimating future monthly smoking. Among those smoking at both waves, wave 1 non-daily smokers, overall, were less likely than wave 1 daily smokers to be smoking daily 14 years later. CONCLUSIONS Non-daily smokers smoking over three packs/month were as likely as daily smokers to be smoking 14-years later. Lower levels of non-daily smoking (at ages 12-21) predicted lower likelihood of future monthly smoking. In terms of surveillance and cessation interventions, high NDSI smokers might be treated similar to daily smokers.
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Haibach JP, Homish GG, Collins RL, Ambrosone CB, Giovino GA. Fruit and vegetable intake as a moderator of the association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking. Subst Abus 2016; 37:571-578. [PMID: 27093192 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1179703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have consistently reported associations among depression, cigarette smoking, and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI). This study evaluated FVI as a moderator of the association between depressive symptoms and smoking. METHODS The authors analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979: Child and Young Adult. The study sample was adults aged 19-33 years at baseline in the year 2004 from the Young Adult Survey portion. Moderation analyses were performed using the Johnson-Neyman technique to assess whether baseline FVI moderated the association between depressive symptoms and smoking status cross-sectionally and as a predictor of smoking cessation longitudinally at 4-year follow-up. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, at lower levels of FVI (<4.9 times/day), there was a significant association between smoking and depressive symptoms (P < .05), but not at higher levels of FVI (≥4.9 times/day; P > .05). Longitudinally, there was an inverse association between depressive symptoms and quitting smoking at FVI <1.2 times/day (P < .05), but there was not a significant association at FVI ≥1.2 times/day (P ≥ .05). CONCLUSIONS FVI moderated the association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The cross-sectional findings might be partially explained by the longitudinal findings paired with prior research; there might be fewer smokers with high FVI because depressive symptoms are removed as an impediment to cessation. Further experimental research is warranted to test the efficacy of increased FVI as an adjunct to smoking cessation, with a possible mechanism of action being reduced depressive symptoms during quit attempts.
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Derrick JL, Houston RJ, Quigley BM, Testa M, Kubiak A, Levitt A, Homish GG, Leonard KE. (Dis)similarity in Impulsivity and Marital Satisfaction: A Comparison of Volatility, Compatibility, and Incompatibility Hypotheses. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2016; 61:35-49. [PMID: 26949275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is negatively associated with relationship satisfaction, but whether relationship functioning is harmed or helped when both partners are high in impulsivity is unclear. The influence of impulsivity might be exacerbated (the Volatility Hypothesis) or reversed (the Compatibility Hypothesis). Alternatively, discrepancies in impulsivity might be particularly problematic (the Incompatibility Hypothesis). Behavioral and self-report measures of impulsivity were collected from a community sample of couples. Mixed effect polynomial regressions with response surface analysis provide evidence in favor of both the Compatibility Hypothesis and the Incompatibility Hypothesis, but not the Volatility Hypothesis. Mediation analyses suggest results for satisfaction are driven by perceptions of the partner's negative behavior and responsiveness. Implications for the study of both impulsivity and relationship functioning are discussed.
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Smith KZ, Smith PH, Violanti JM, Bartone PT, Homish GG. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From a U.S. Nationally Representative Sample. J Trauma Stress 2015; 28:469-74. [PMID: 26467329 PMCID: PMC4720964 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) have not been extensively studied in nonveteran samples. Secondary analysis was conducted using a nationally representative U.S. sample and limited to those who reported being in a relationship in the past year (N = 25,652). This sample was mostly White (72.0%), the majority had completed high school/ general educational development (GED; 87.8%), about half were female (49.2%), and the mean age was 46.44 years (SD = 15.92). We hypothesized that a diagnosis of PTSD in the past year would be associated with greater perpetration of IPV and that the arousal/reactivity and intrusion symptom clusters would evidence the strongest associations with IPV. Consistent with expectations, a PTSD diagnosis in the past year was associated with greater perpetration of IPV, OR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.89, 2.26]. Among those with a PTSD diagnosis in the past year (n = 1,742), arousal/reactivity symptom cluster scores were associated with greater perpetration of IPV for both men and women, AOR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.11, 1.44]; intrusion symptom cluster scores were associated with perpetration of IPV for men only, AOR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.20, 2.04]; whereas negative cognitions/mood symptom cluster scores were only significant among women, AOR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.01, 1.24]. Results suggested that theoretical and empirical work linking PTSD and perpetration of IPV in military samples extends to the general population.
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Mollica MA, Underwood W, Homish GG, Homish DL, Orom H. Spirituality is associated with better prostate cancer treatment decision making experiences. J Behav Med 2015; 39:161-9. [PMID: 26243642 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether spiritual beliefs are associated with greater decision-making satisfaction, lower decisional conflict and decision-making difficulty with the decision-making process in newly diagnosed men with prostate cancer. Participants were 1114 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who had recently made their treatment decision, but had not yet been treated. We used multivariable linear regression to analyze relationships between spirituality and decision-making satisfaction, decisional conflict, and decision-making difficulty, controlling for optimism and resilience, and clinical and sociodemographic factors. Results indicated that greater spirituality was associated with greater decision-making satisfaction (B = 0.02; p < 0.001), less decisional conflict (B = -0.42; p < 0.001), and less decision-making difficulty (B = -0.08; p < 0.001). These results confirm that spiritual beliefs may be a coping resource during the treatment decision-making process. Providing opportunities for patients to integrate their spiritual beliefs and their perceptions of their cancer diagnosis and trajectory could help reduce patient uncertainty and stress during this important phase of cancer care continuum.
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Saddleson ML, Kozlowski LT, Giovino GA, Hawk LW, Murphy JM, MacLean MG, Goniewicz ML, Homish GG, Wrotniak BH, Mahoney MC. Risky behaviors, e-cigarette use and susceptibility of use among college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 149:25-30. [PMID: 25666362 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2007, there has been a rise in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The present study uses cross-sectional data (2013) to examine prevalence, correlates and susceptibility to e-cigarettes among young adults. METHODS Data were collected using an Internet survey from a convenience sample of 1437, 18-23 year olds attending four colleges/universities in Upstate New York. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics; logistic regression models were analyzed to identify correlates of e-cigarette use and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. RESULTS Nearly all respondents (95.5%) reported awareness of e-cigarettes; 29.9% were ever users and 14.9% were current users. Younger students, males, non-Hispanic Whites, respondents reporting average/below average school ability, ever smokers and experimenters of tobacco cigarettes, and those with lower perceptions of harm regarding e-cigarettes demonstrated higher odds of ever use or current use. Risky behaviors (i.e., tobacco, marijuana or alcohol use) were associated with using e-cigarettes. Among never e-cigarette users, individuals involved in risky behaviors or, with lower harm perceptions for e-cigarettes, were more susceptible to future e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS More e-cigarette users report use of another nicotine product besides e-cigarettes as the first nicotine product used; this should be considered when examining whether e-cigarette use is related to cigarette susceptibility. Involvement in risky behaviors is related to e-cigarette use and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Among college students, e-cigarette use is more likely to occur in those who have also used other tobacco products, marijuana, and/or alcohol.
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Shisler S, Homish GG, Molnar DS, Schuetze P, Colder CR, Eiden RD. Predictors of Changes in Smoking From Third Trimester to 9 Months Postpartum. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:84-7. [PMID: 25744971 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While much has been written about postpartum smoking relapse prevention, few have examined changes in smoking behavior from pregnancy (third trimester) through 9 months postpartum among pregnant smokers, particularly for the large number of women who decrease tobacco consumption during pregnancy but do not quit altogether. METHODS Data were obtained from 168 women who smoked during their pregnancy. Women were followed longitudinally from their first prenatal appointment through 9 months postpartum. Maternal substance use was assessed using the Timeline Followback and verified by maternal salivary analyses. Breastfeeding, other substance use, and partner smoking were assessed through maternal interviews at each time point and were considered as potential predictors of change in smoking. RESULTS Women returned to more than half of their levels of preconception tobacco consumption by 9 months postpartum. There was one significant predictor of changes in smoking patterns pregnancy to postpartum. Women who breastfed their infants for at least 90 days smoked far less postpartum than women who breastfed for a short time or did not breastfeed at all. CONCLUSIONS As noted in previous research of pregnant quitters, postpartum relapse prevention or harm reduction interventions should ideally be timed early in the postpartum period. Additionally, promoting breastfeeding among pregnant smokers and supporting women through at least 3 months of breastfeeding may be beneficial to such interventions.
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Heavey SC, Homish GG, Andrew ME, McCanlies E, Mnatsakanova A, Violanti JM, Burchfiel CM. Law Enforcement Officers' Involvement Level in Hurricane Katrina and Alcohol Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MENTAL HEALTH 2015; 17:267-273. [PMID: 26688672 PMCID: PMC4682870 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to examine the relationship between alcohol use and level of involvement during Hurricane Katrina among law enforcement officers, and to investigate whether marital status or previous military training offer resilience against negative outcomes. Officers in the immediate New Orleans geographic area completed surveys that assessed their involvement in Hurricane Katrina and alcohol use (Alcohol Use and Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score). Negative binomial regression models were used to analyze level of hazardous alcohol use; interactions were tested to examine protective influences of marriage and prior military training (controlling for age and gender). There was a significant association between heavy involvement in Hurricane Katrina and having a greater AUDIT score (exp(β)[EB]=1.81; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.17; p<0.05), indicating higher levels of hazardous alcohol use. Contrary to original hypotheses, marital status and military training were not protective against alcohol use (p>0.05). These results illustrate an association between law enforcement officers' heavy involvement during Hurricane Katrina and greater levels of hazardous alcohol use when compared to officers with low or moderate involvement. This has important treatment implications for those with high involvement in disasters as they may require targeted interventions to overcome the stress of such experiences.
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Ellis EM, Homish GG, Parks KA, Collins RL, Kiviniemi MT. Increasing condom use by changing people's feelings about them: An experimental study. Health Psychol 2015; 34:941-50. [PMID: 25581703 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the well-documented efficacy of condoms as a means of preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection transmission, the low rates of condom use among young adults necessitates a deeper understanding of the factors that influence condom use decision making. The central purpose of the current study was to examine how experimentally manipulated affective associations with condoms influence subsequent behavior in a condom selection task, thereby providing support for a causal relation of affective associations to behavior in this health domain. METHOD Following a baseline assessment of cognitively based beliefs and affective associations, participants' (N = 171) affective associations with condoms were experimentally manipulated with an evaluative conditioning (EC) procedure. Images of condoms were paired repeatedly with positive or neutral affective stimuli. The key outcome measure was a behavioral choice task in which participants selected condoms upon completion of the experiment. RESULTS Participants in the positive condition reported more positive affective associations post-EC compared with those in the neutral condition, β = 0.33, p = .025, 95% CI (0.041, 0.63). For participants who regularly used condoms at baseline, those in the positive condition also selected significantly more condoms, RR = 1.39, p = .015, 95% CI (1.07, 1.83). This condition effect on behavior was partially mediated by the change in affective associations. There was no effect of condition on condom selection among participants who rarely used condoms at baseline. CONCLUSION The current study extends our theoretical understanding of the affect-behavior relation in the realm of condom use, and provides preliminary support for interventions that target affective associations with condoms.
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Orom H, Underwood W, Homish DL, Kiviniemi MT, Homish GG, Nelson CJ, Schiffman Z. Prostate cancer survivors' beliefs about screening and treatment decision-making experiences in an era of controversy. Psychooncology 2014; 24:1073-9. [PMID: 25382436 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Controversy about the costs and benefits of screening and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) has recently intensified. However, the impact of the debate on PCa patients has not been systematically studied. METHODS We assessed knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's (USPSTF) May 2012 recommendation against PSA-based screening among men diagnosed with clinically localized PCa, and tested whether exposure to the recommendation and associated controversy about overtreatment of PCa predicted treatment decisional conflict, affected treatment choice, or increased regret about PSA testing. RESULTS Accurate knowledge of the USPSTF recommendation was uncommon (19.1%). Attitudes toward the recommendation were negative, and the vast majority (86.5%) remained highly supportive of annual PSA testing in men ≥50. Although exposure to the recommendation and controversy about treatment was associated with lower enthusiasm for screening and treatment, it was not associated with treatment decisions, or greater decisional-conflict, or regret. CONCLUSIONS Findings may alleviate concern that exposure to PSA-based screening and overtreatment controversies has adversely affected recent cohorts of PCa patients. However, patients remain highly supportive of PSA-based screening. As survivor anecdotes often influence people's medical decisions, it is important to appreciate the scale of opposition to the new recommendation.
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Smith PH, Saddleson ML, Homish GG, McKee SA, Kozlowski LT, Giovino GA. The relationship between childhood physical and emotional abuse and smoking cessation among U.S. women and men. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2014; 29:338-46. [PMID: 25347015 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased likelihood of smoking. The purpose of the current investigation was to compare quitting motives, quit attempts, and quit success between U.S. adult smokers with or without childhood maltreatment (physical or emotional abuse), and those with or without serious psychological distress (SPD). We also examined whether SPD mediated associations between childhood maltreatment and all outcomes. We analyzed data from a 2-wave cohort telephone survey of a national U.S. sample of current cigarette smokers (n = 751). We used generalized path modeling to examine associations between maltreatment/SPD and concerns about smoking, motivation to quit, quit attempts, and smoking cessation (among the overall sample and selecting for those who made at least 1 quit attempt between waves; n = 368). Among women, maltreatment and SPD were associated with lower likelihood of quitting as well as making a successful quit attempt. SPD mediated the association between maltreatment and likelihood of successfully quitting. Women with maltreatment also had stronger concerns about smoking and motivation to quit than those without maltreatment, although there were no differences in actual quit attempts made. Neither childhood maltreatment nor SPD was associated with smoking outcomes among men. Findings suggest that female smokers with a history of childhood maltreatment are motivated to quit smoking; however, they may have more difficulty quitting smoking as a result of SPD. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Leonard KE, Winters JJ, Kearns-Bodkin JN, Homish GG, Kubiak AJ. Dyadic Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence in Early Marriage. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2014; 4:384-398. [PMID: 25506502 PMCID: PMC4260328 DOI: 10.1037/a0037483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research examining dyadic patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) often focuses on static conceptions based on whether either the husband or wife has exhibited any violence. This study examined the dyadic patterns of IPV empirically and traced how these groups change over time. METHOD Couples (N=634) were assessed with respect to IPV and relationship satisfaction at the time of marriage, and at their first and second anniversaries. Cluster analysis was conducted on Total Aggression, Differential Aggression, and the Aggression Ratio prior to marriage for couples with any violence. RESULTS This analysis revealed 5 clusters; Very High-Husband to Wife, (High:H>W); Very High-Wife to Husband (High-W>H); Low to Moderate, Husband to Wife (Low:H>W); Low to Moderate, Wife to Husband (Low-W>H); Low to Moderate, Both Aggressive (Low:H=W). The majority (57%) of the aggressive couples were classified in the gender asymmetric groups. Most asymmetric clusters became symmetric over time, but the High:H>W cluster became more asymmetric. By the 2nd anniversary, all clusters were characterized by higher injuries experienced by wives than by husbands. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a considerable amount of IPV that is typically classified as "bidirectional" is gender asymmetric and that these asymmetric patterns tend to converge into more symmetric patterns over time.
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Smith PH, Homish GG, Collins RL, Giovino GA, White HR, Leonard KE. Couples' marijuana use is inversely related to their intimate partner violence over the first 9 years of marriage. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2014; 28:734-42. [PMID: 25134048 DOI: 10.1037/a0037302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research on the association between marijuana use and intimate partner violence (IPV) has generated inconsistent findings, and has been primarily based on cross-sectional data. We examined whether husbands' and wives' marijuana use predicted both husbands' and wives' IPV perpetration over the first 9 years of marriage (Wave 1, n = 634 couples). We also examined moderation by antisocial behavior, the spouse's marijuana use, and whether IPV was reported during the year before marriage. These predictive associations were calculated using a time-lagged multivariate generalized multilevel model, simultaneously estimating predictors of husband and wife IPV. In fully adjusted models, we found that more frequent marijuana use by husbands and wives predicted less frequent IPV perpetration by husbands. Husbands' marijuana use also predicted less frequent IPV perpetration by wives. Moderation analyses demonstrated that couples in which both spouses used marijuana frequently reported the least frequent IPV perpetration. There was a significant positive association between wives' marijuana use and wives' IPV perpetration, but only among wives who had already reported IPV perpetration during the year before marriage. These findings suggest there may be an overall inverse association between marijuana use and IPV perpetration in newly married couples, although use may be associated with greater risk of perpetration among women with a history of IPV perpetration.
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Dearing RL, Twaragowski CL, Smith PH, Homish GG, Connors GJ, Walitzer KS. Super Bowl Sunday: risky business for at-risk (male) drinkers? Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1359-63. [PMID: 24621086 PMCID: PMC4183053 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.891626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major sporting events and other festive occasions are typically associated with alcohol consumption; however, little is known about risky drinking during events such as the "Super Bowl." OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether drinking on Super Bowl Sunday differed from Saturdays (the heaviest drinking day of the week) surrounding the date of the Super Bowl among at-risk drinkers. METHODS Heavy drinking participants (N = 208) were recruited via advertisements for a 2-year prospective study of drinking behaviors. From this larger sample, 196 were selected for whom the date of the Super Bowl was included in their daily alcohol consumption reports (including reports of abstinence on those days) for 2006, 2007, and/or 2008. Participants' average age was 36.4 (SD = 12.9); 49.5% were women. Participants at the point of recruitment were not seeking treatment and had not been in alcohol treatment in the past year. RESULTS Analyses using multilevel modeling comparing Super Bowl Sunday to Saturdays indicated that men drank more alcohol on Super Bowl Sunday across all 3 years, whereas women's drinking was higher in only one of the 3 years. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: These findings suggest that heavy drinking during the Super Bowl (and in association with other sporting events), particularly among men, warrants additional attention due to the potential for deleterious public health consequences.
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Orom H, Homish DL, Homish GG, Underwood W. Quality of physician-patient relationships is associated with the influence of physician treatment recommendations among patients with prostate cancer who chose active surveillance. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:396-402. [PMID: 24332649 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With growing evidence that some men with prostate cancer (PCa) may be overtreated, clinicians need greater knowledge of the factors that influence uptake of treatment recommendations in general, and specifically, uptake of active surveillance in patients for whom this is an appropriate treatment option. The objective of this study was to test the role of the quality of the physician-patient relationship in the choice to be followed by active surveillance, rather than receive definitive therapy (e.g., surgery and radiation). We hypothesized that patients would have been more influenced by their physicians' treatment recommendations to the degree that they held more positive perceptions of their relationship with their physicians, independent of treatment recommended. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with PCa (n = 120) being followed with active surveillance at a comprehensive cancer center completed self-report assessments of their treatment decision-making process. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the association between participants' perceptions of their relationships with their physicians and influence of these physicians' recommendations on their treatment decision. RESULTS After controlling for the type of treatment recommended, Gleason score, and education, 3 predictors, trust in the physician, perceived closeness with the physician, and the degree to which the physician shared control over treatment decision making, were associated with greater influence of physician's treatment recommendation. Receiving a recommendation for active surveillance, compared with definitive therapy, was also associated with higher perceived trust, closeness, shared control over treatment decision making, lower likelihood of having been treated poorly by a physician, and greater influence of physician's treatment recommendation. CONCLUSIONS There is increasing concern that patients with relatively less aggressive PCa, older age, or serious comorbidities are being unnecessarily treated with surgery or radiation, putting them at risk for side effects, and contributing to high health care costs. When active surveillance is an appropriate course of treatment, the quality of patients' relationships with their physicians may be a determinant of following a recommendation for active surveillance. Results may have implications for treatment uptake in general, indicating that the quality of the physician-patient relationship, including trust, closeness, shared decision making--all elements of patient-centered care--may be important motivators of treatment adoption and adherence.
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Smith PH, Homish GG, Giovino GA, Kozlowski LT. Cigarette smoking and mental illness: a study of nicotine withdrawal. Am J Public Health 2013; 104:e127-33. [PMID: 24328637 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared prevalence, severity, and specific symptom profiles for nicotine withdrawal across categories of mental illness. We also examined the influence of nicotine withdrawal on efforts to quit smoking among those with mental illness. METHODS We analyzed data from 2 sources: wave 1 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, limiting the sample to current smokers (2001-2002; n = 9913); and a 2-wave cohort telephone survey of a national sample of adult smokers (2004-2006; n = 751). RESULTS Mental illness was associated with a substantially greater likelihood of nicotine withdrawal syndrome; approximately 44% of nicotine withdrawal syndrome diagnoses were attributable to mental illness. Symptom profiles were highly comparable between mental illness categories, although anxiety-related symptoms were better markers of withdrawal for those with an internalizing disorder. Smokers with mental illness were motivated to quit but were less likely to be successful in their quit attempts, and both dependence and withdrawal independently accounted for this lower likelihood of success. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine withdrawal may be a particularly important target for intervention among those with mental illness who smoke cigarettes.
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Neumann AM, Blondell RD, Azadfard M, Nathan G, Homish GG. Primary care patient characteristics associated with completion of 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2724-8. [PMID: 23934003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid addiction is prevalent in the United States. Detoxification followed by behavioral counseling (abstinence-only approach) leads to relapse to opioids in most patients. An alternative approach is substitution therapy with the partial opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine, which is used for opioid maintenance in the primary care setting. This study investigated the patient characteristics associated with completion of 6-month buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in an ambulatory primary care office. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 356 patients who received buprenorphine for treatment of opioid addiction was conducted. Patient characteristics were compared among completers and non-completers of 6-month buprenorphine treatment. RESULTS Of the 356 patients, 127 (35.7%) completed 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Completion of treatment was associated with counseling attendance and having had a past injury. CONCLUSIONS Future research needs to investigate the factors associated with counseling that influenced this improved outcome. Patients with a past injury might suffer from chronic pain, suggesting that buprenorphine might produce analgesia in addition to improving addiction outcome in these patients, rendering them more likely to complete 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Further research is required to test this hypothesis. Combination of behavioral and medical treatment needs to be investigated for primary care patients with opioid addiction and chronic pain.
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Leonard KE, Smith PH, Homish GG. Concordant and discordant alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use as predictors of marital dissolution. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2013; 28:780-9. [PMID: 24128287 DOI: 10.1037/a0034053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined concordant and discrepant alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among couples to determine whether they predicted marital separation or divorce over 9 years. The study recruited 634 couples as they applied for their marriage licenses; we assessed them at that time and reassessed them with mailed questionnaires at their first, second, fourth, seventh, and ninth wedding anniversaries. Approximately 60% of the men and women were European American, and approximately 33% were African American. The frequency of drinking to intoxication and binge drinking (more than 5 drinks in an occasion) was assessed, as was the use of cigarettes and marijuana. At each assessment, each member of the couple was asked about the occurrence of marital separations and divorce. Bivariate analyses indicated that tobacco and marijuana use, whether discrepant or concordant, were associated with marital disruptions. However, discrepant heavy drinking was associated with disruptions, but concordant heavy drinking was not. Concordant and discordant marijuana use were not associated with divorce when analyses controlled for alcohol and tobacco use. Concordant and discordant tobacco use was not associated with divorce when analyses controlled for sociodemographic and personality factors. However, discrepant alcohol use was related to divorce after controlling for the other substances in 1 analysis and after controlling for the sociodemographic factors in a separate analysis. Tobacco and marijuana use were related to divorce through their associations with other variables. However, results suggest that discrepant alcohol use may lead to marital disruptions and should be addressed with couples seeking marital treatment.
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Neumann AM, Blondell RD, Jaanimägi U, Giambrone AK, Homish GG, Lozano JR, Kowalik U, Azadfard M. A preliminary study comparing methadone and buprenorphine in patients with chronic pain and coexistent opioid addiction. J Addict Dis 2013; 32:68-78. [PMID: 23480249 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2012.759872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with opioid addiction who receive prescription opioids for treatment of nonmalignant chronic pain present a therapeutic challenge. Fifty-four participants with chronic pain and opioid addiction were randomized to receive methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. At the 6-month follow-up examination, 26 (48.1%) participants who remained in the study noted a 12.75% reduction in pain (P = 0.043), and no participants in the methadone group compared to 5 in the buprenorphine group reported illicit opioid use (P = 0.039). Other differences between the two conditions were not found. Long-term, low-dose methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone treatment produced analgesia in participants with chronic pain and opioid addiction.
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Smith PH, Homish GG, Leonard KE, Collins RL. Marijuana withdrawal and aggression among a representative sample of U.S. marijuana users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 132:63-8. [PMID: 23380439 PMCID: PMC3706470 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous laboratory-based research suggests that withdrawal from marijuana may cause increased aggression. It is unclear whether this finding extends beyond the laboratory setting to the general population of marijuana users. The purpose of this study was to test a cross-sectional association between marijuana withdrawal symptoms and aggression among a representative sample of U.S. adult marijuana users, and to test whether this association was moderated by previous history of aggression. METHODS Data were analyzed from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Wave Two data (2004-2005) were used for all variables except for history of aggression, which was assessed during the Wave One interview (2001-2002). Two outcomes were examined: self-report general aggression and relationship aggression. Odds ratios for aggression based on withdrawal symptoms and the interaction between withdrawal symptoms and history of aggression were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for covariates and accounting for the complex survey design. RESULTS Among marijuana users with a history of aggression, marijuana withdrawal was associated with approximately 60% higher odds of past year relationship aggression (p<0.05). There was no association between withdrawal symptoms and relationship aggression among those without a history of aggression, and no association with general aggression regardless of history of aggression. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study support the notion that laboratory-based increases in aggression due to marijuana withdrawal extend to the general population of marijuana users who have a previous history of aggression.
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Obeidat RF, Homish GG, Lally RM. Shared Decision Making Among Individuals With Cancer in Non-Western Cultures: A Literature Review. Oncol Nurs Forum 2013; 40:454-63. [DOI: 10.1188/13.onf.454-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Neumann AM, Blondell RD, Azadfard M, Nathan G, Homish GG. Primary care patient characteristics associated with completion of 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Addict Behav 2013. [PMID: 23934003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.07.007.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid addiction is prevalent in the United States. Detoxification followed by behavioral counseling (abstinence-only approach) leads to relapse to opioids in most patients. An alternative approach is substitution therapy with the partial opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine, which is used for opioid maintenance in the primary care setting. This study investigated the patient characteristics associated with completion of 6-month buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in an ambulatory primary care office. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 356 patients who received buprenorphine for treatment of opioid addiction was conducted. Patient characteristics were compared among completers and non-completers of 6-month buprenorphine treatment. RESULTS Of the 356 patients, 127 (35.7%) completed 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Completion of treatment was associated with counseling attendance and having had a past injury. CONCLUSIONS Future research needs to investigate the factors associated with counseling that influenced this improved outcome. Patients with a past injury might suffer from chronic pain, suggesting that buprenorphine might produce analgesia in addition to improving addiction outcome in these patients, rendering them more likely to complete 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Further research is required to test this hypothesis. Combination of behavioral and medical treatment needs to be investigated for primary care patients with opioid addiction and chronic pain.
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Abstract
This study examined trajectories of smoking during pregnancy among low-income smokers and differences on demographics, psychopathology, and smoking outcome expectancies among women with different smoking trajectories. The sample consisted of 215 urban pregnant smokers living in the United States. Results indicated four trajectories of smoking and significant changes over time within each trajectory. Persistent smokers had the highest demographic and mental health risks, reported higher craving compared to light smokers, and were more likely to endorse smoking to reduce negative affect, for state enhancement motives. Implications for intervention are discussed. The study was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
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Homish GG, Frazer BS, McCartan DP, Billittier AJ. Emergency Mental Health: Lessons Learned From Flight 3407. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2013; 4:326-31. [DOI: 10.1001/dmp.2010.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTEmergency mental health (EMH), a field that is often not well represented when considering emergency preparedness, is nonetheless a vital component to any disaster response. Emergency mental health issues must be considered not only for victims of disasters and their families, friends, and coworkers but also for both on-scene and off-scene responders and members of the community who may have witnessed the disaster. This article describes the EMH preparation for and response to the crash of Continental Airlines flight 3407 in western New York on February 12, 2009, killing all 49 crew and passengers on board and 1 person on the ground. It describes aspects of the response that went as planned and highlights areas for improvement. The lessons learned from this EMH preparation and response can be used to inform future planning for disaster response.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:326-331)
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Smith PH, Homish GG, Kozlowski LT, Spacone C, Trigoboff E, Joffe S. Effects of a complete smoking ban on inpatients at an intermediate to long-term psychiatric facility. Community Ment Health J 2013; 49:193-8. [PMID: 22828726 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-012-9532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of research on reactions to smoking bans in psychiatric facilities focuses on staff feedback in acute inpatient settings. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess inpatient attitudes about a complete smoking ban in an intermediate to long-term psychiatric facility. One hundred inpatients were surveyed via questionnaire. Inpatients reported changes in smoking and improvements in health as a result of the ban, despite evidence of non-compliant smoking at the facility. There was evidence that inpatients perceived others' attitudes about the ban to be worse than reality. The findings from this pilot study suggest that consequences of smoking bans in psychiatric facilities are not as negative as some perceive. Smoking bans in intermediate to long-term settings may result in improvements in health among both smoking and non-smoking patients.
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Derrick JL, Leonard KE, Homish GG. Perceived partner responsiveness predicts decreases in smoking during the first nine years of marriage. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 15:1528-36. [PMID: 23420901 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Support for quitting is associated with smoking cessation, but few studies have examined the influence of more general social support on smoking outcomes. The current research examines perceptions of the partner's willingness and ability to provide general social support (i.e., perceived partner responsiveness) as a longitudinal predictor of smoking trajectories. METHODS Data are from a sample of newlywed couples assessed at six timepoints over 9 years. The current analyses focus on both partners in 333 "ever-smoker" couples. Participants completed measures of partner responsiveness, smoking, and demographics through the mail at each timepoint. RESULTS Both husbands and wives who initially reported greater partner responsiveness showed a decrease over the following 9 years in the likelihood of being a smoker and in cigarette quantity. This decrease was not apparent for husbands and wives who initially reported lower partner responsiveness. These effects were mediated by several time-varying characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has shown that support for quitting is an important predictor of smoking cessation. The current research demonstrates that more general perceived social support, unrelated to smoking behavior, also predicts decreases in smoking over time in both men and women. In fact, reports of partner responsiveness at baseline predicted smoking over 9 years, demonstrating the potency of this particular relationship perception for smoking outcomes.
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Homish GG, Marshall D, Dubovsky SL, Leonard K. Predictors of later bipolar disorder in patients with subthreshold symptoms. J Affect Disord 2013; 144:129-33. [PMID: 22842021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical significance of subthreshold bipolar disorder (SBD), which is characterized by an insufficient number or severity of hypomanic symptoms to qualify for a formal bipolar disorder diagnosis, remains to be determined. METHODS We examined the outcomes three years later (2004-2005; Wave 2) of 40,512 civilian, non-institutionalized subjects who endorsed elation and/or irritability but did not meet full criteria for lifetime mania or hypomania in 2001-2002 (Wave 1). RESULTS The likelihood of developing a clear episode of mania or hypomania by Wave 2 was significantly increased in subjects with elation or only irritability at Wave 1 compared with subjects who did not endorse either (OR 2.8, p<0.01 for each). Endorsement of both symptoms at Wave 1 increased the likelihood of a new episode of mania or hypomania 4.6 times, which was significantly higher than for those with only elation or irritability (p<.05 for each). LIMITATIONS SBD was not limited to depression, reducing comparability to previous studies. Despite the large sample size, there were not enough subjects to determine the impact of different numbers and types of additional symptoms on bipolar outcome. Although the majority of subjects were followed between the two Waves, the total duration of follow-up was probably too short to determine the long-term conversion rate to mania or hypomania. CONCLUSIONS Elation and/or irritability, especially if accompanied by trouble concentrating, racing thoughts or hyperactivity, may represent a prodrome of formal bipolar disorder that indicate close follow-up and cautious use of antidepressants.
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Derrick JL, Leonard KE, Homish GG. Dependence regulation in newlywed couples: A prospective examination. PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2012; 19:644-662. [PMID: 25110457 PMCID: PMC4123762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
According to the Risk Regulation Model (Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641-666), people need to trust in their partner's regard before they risk interdependence. The current study prospectively examines the association between perceived regard and levels of dependence in newlywed couples over nine years of marriage. Analyses demonstrate that changes in perceived regard predict levels of dependence, changes in dependence do not predict perceived regard, and alternative explanations cannot account for these effects. Further, changes in perceived regard prospectively predict divorce, and levels of dependence mediate this association. Results are discussed in terms of the dependence regulation component of the Risk Regulation Model.
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Smith PH, Homish GG, Leonard KE, Cornelius JR. Women ending marriage to a problem drinking partner decrease their own risk for problem drinking. Addiction 2012; 107:1453-61. [PMID: 22321045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Marital dissolution is associated with increased risk of problematic drinking. However, marriage to a problem drinker also increases this risk, and ending this type of relationship may actually decrease risk of problematic drinking. This study tested whether women ending their marriage to a problem drinker exhibited improvements in drinking. DESIGN National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a two-wave nationally representative survey of the US adult population. SETTING In-person interviews conducted in US households. PARTICIPANTS Females married or living as if married at wave 1 at least 18 years of age. MEASUREMENTS Socio-demographics, drinking frequency, drinking quantity, alcohol use disorders, problem drinking, partner problem drinking and relationship dissolution. FINDINGS Ending marriage to a non-problem drinker predicted increased frequency of drinking [risk ratio (RR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43, 1.67], heavier drinking (RR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.71, 1.45), more problematic drinking (RR = 2.45; 95% CI = 2.17, 2.77) and a greater likelihood of use disorder diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.67, 2.91]. Ending a relationship with a problem drinker predicted less frequent drinking (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.90, 0.98), less heavy drinking (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.78, 0.90) and fewer alcohol-related problems (RR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.95). CONCLUSIONS Ending a marriage with a husband who drinks problematically may decrease risk of alcohol-related problems among women, substantiating the need for alcohol treatments to address a problem drinking partner.
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Testa M, Kubiak A, Quigley BM, Houston RJ, Derrick JL, Levitt A, Homish GG, Leonard KE. Husband and wife alcohol use as independent or interactive predictors of intimate partner violence. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 73:268-76. [PMID: 22333334 PMCID: PMC3281984 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men's heavy drinking has been established as a risk factor for their perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV); however, the role of women's drinking in their perpetration of IPV is less clear. The current study examined the relative strength of husbands' and wives' alcohol use and alcohol dependence symptoms on the occurrence and frequency of husbands' and wives' IPV perpetration. METHOD Married and cohabiting community couples (N = 280) were identified and recruited according to their classification in one of four drinking groups: heavy episodic drinking occurred in both partners (n = 79), the husband only (n = 80), the wife only (n = 41), and neither (n = 80). Husband and wife alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence symptoms, and IPV perpetration were assessed independently for both partners. RESULTS Husband and wife consumption and alcohol dependence symptoms contributed to the likelihood and frequency of husband IPV, both independently and interactively. Husband, but not wife, alcohol dependence symptoms contributed to the occurrence of any wife IPV, although both partners' alcohol dependence symptoms predicted the frequency of wife aggression. Couples with discrepant drinking were not more likely to perpetrate IPV. CONCLUSIONS Findings for husband IPV support previous research identifying alcohol use of both partners as a predictor. However, for wives, alcohol appears to play less of a role in IPV perpetration, perhaps reflecting that women experience less inhibition against physical aggression in their intimate relationships than do men.
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Homish GG, Eiden RD, Leonard KE, Kozlowski LT. Social-environmental factors related to prenatal smoking. Addict Behav 2012; 37:73-7. [PMID: 21945011 PMCID: PMC3201815 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a significant public health issue that has profound effects on maternal and fetal health. Although many women stop smoking upon pregnancy recognition, a large number continue. Given the higher burden of smoking among low-income women, the focus of this study is to examine the impact of pre-conception social-environmental influences on smoking cessation during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women who presented for prenatal were asked to complete a screening form at their first prenatal appointment. Women who agreed to participate were scheduled for a total of four interviews; a prenatal interview at the end of each trimester and a postnatal interview at 2 months of infant age. The sample for the current report consisted of pregnant women (first trimester) with a partner (N=316). RESULTS After controlling for pre-conception heaviness of smoking, a number of social-environmental factors were associated with smoking during the first trimester. Women were more likely to smoke during the first trimester if their partner was a smoker; however, the presence of other household smokers was not associated with increased risk for smoking. Additionally, women with a greater proportion of friends (but not relatives) who smoked and more frequent exposure to environmental tobacco were more likely to smoke. CONCLUSIONS This work found differential impacts of the social network on smoking suggesting that understanding relationship type, not simply number of smokers, may be important for smoking cessation efforts. Understanding differences in social network influences on smoking can help to inform interventions.
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Homish GG, Frazer BS, Carey MG. The influence of indirect collective trauma on first responders' alcohol use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MENTAL HEALTH 2012; 14:21-28. [PMID: 23156959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested increased risk for negative outcomes such as increased alcohol use among first responders who are involved with the response to a community disaster; however it is not clear how indirect exposure to a critical incident impacts first responders. This work examined the impact of secondary or indirect trauma on changes in alcohol use among urban firefighters who were not directly involved in the response to a large scale community-level disaster. Firefighters enrolled in larger trial of health outcomes whose interview period coincided with the crash of a commercial airplane were the basis for the current report. Aggregate level data on changes in alcohol consumption for these firefighters were examined pre- and post-incident. There was a significant increase in alcohol use following the critical incident. This increase did not occur immediately; it was observed within several days and peaked about 8 days post-incident. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the increased alcohol consumption persisted for several months, finally returning to pre-incident levels by 8 months post-incident. Indirect trauma effects, likely operationalized in part through the "brotherhood" of the firefighters, clearly placed firefighters at risk for negative outcomes following a disaster. Intervention/prevention efforts aimed at distress reduction among first responders should not solely focus on responders with direct involvement in a disaster.
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Eiden RD, Leonard KE, Colder CR, Homish GG, Schuetze P, Gray TR, Huestis MA. Anger, hostility, and aggression as predictors of persistent smoking during pregnancy. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2011; 72:926-32. [PMID: 22051206 PMCID: PMC3211963 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of anger, hostility, and aggression, in addition to depression and stress, in predicting persistent smoking during pregnancy in a low-income sample. METHOD The sample consisted of 270 pregnant women (189 smokers, 81 nonsmokers) recruited into a prospective study of prenatal cigarette exposure in the first trimester. Persistent pregnancy smoking was defined as self-reporting daily smoking in at least two trimesters, a positive salivary cotinine level in at least two trimesters, or infant meconium positive for nicotine and/ or its metabolites. RESULTS Persistent smokers reported higher prenatal stress and negative affect symptoms (depression, anger, hostility, aggression) than nonpersistent smokers or nonsmokers. However, in the context of model testing, maternal anger, hostility, and aggression each accounted for unique variance in persistent smoking, whereas symptoms of depression and stress did not. CONCLUSIONS To date, interventions for pregnant low-income smokers have been largely ineffective. The current results suggest that anger management interventions may be particularly effective for low-income persistent pregnant smokers and may be more likely to prevent relapse than depression-focused interventions.
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Kachadourian LK, Homish GG, Quigley BM, Leonard KE. Alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and hostility as longitudinal predictors of alcohol-related aggression. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2011; 26:414-22. [PMID: 22004128 DOI: 10.1037/a0025842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The direct and interactive effects of alcohol expectancies for aggression, dispositional hostility, and heavy alcohol consumption on alcohol-related physical aggression were examined across the first four years of marriage in a sample of 634 newlywed couples. For husbands, alcohol aggression expectancies predicted increases in alcohol-related aggression; across husbands and wives, however, aggression expectancies were not found to interact with hostility or alcohol consumption to predict physical aggression. Consistent with previous research, hostility and alcohol consumption interacted with each other to predict alcohol-related aggression. Specifically, for both husbands and wives high in dispositional hostility, heavy alcohol consumption was positively associated with the occurrence of alcohol-related aggression; for those low in dispositional hostility, however, there was no association between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related aggression. Findings are contrasted with previous longitudinal research on alcohol aggression expectancies and physical aggression in married couples. The article discusses the extent to which findings may vary depending on whether expectancies are assessed in relation to alcohol's effect on one's own behavior versus alcohol's effect on others' behavior.
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