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Pant B, Zhang W, Ebert M, Yan X, Du H, Banakar M, Tran DT, Qi Y, Rowe D, Jeyaselvan V, Littlejohns CG, Reed GT, Thomson DJ. Study into the spread of heat from thermo-optic silicon photonic elements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:36461-36468. [PMID: 34809057 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phase modulators based upon the thermo-optic effect are used widely in silicon photonics for low speed applications such as switching and tuning. The dissipation of the heat produced to drive the device to the surrounding silicon is a concern as it can dictate how compact and tightly packed components can be without concerns over thermal crosstalk. In this paper we study through modelling and experiment, on various silicon on insulator photonic platforms, how close waveguides can be placed together without significant thermal crosstalk from adjacent devices.
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Chaikovsky I, Lebedev E, Du H, Chen Y, Ponomarev V, Guo Y, Bian Z, Li L, Chen Z, Clarke R. Inter-relationships of different electrocardiographic indicators of left ventricular hypertrophy in 25,000 Chinese adults. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several electrocardiographic (ECG) indices have previously been proposed to diagnose left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Such indices utilize different criteria, including increased QRS voltage, prolonged QRS duration, left axis deviation, and LAFB and LBBB-like patterns in varying combinations. However, the inter-relationships of these different electrocardiographic indices of LVH with each otherare not fully understood.
The purpose of this study is to estimate the relationships between the different LVH indices.
Methods
Electronic tracings of 12-lead ECGs recorded in 24,786 adult participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank recorded in 2014 were accessed to detect presence of LVH. ECG parameters of LVH, including individual and combinations of such parameters (voltage-only criteria such as Sokolov-Lyon, Cornell, Gubner as well as scores such as Romhilt-Estes point score) were estimated using customized computer software (Cardiolyse Oy, Finland) and compared proprietary LVH point score algorithms (Mortara, USA). Relationships between the different indices were assessed using a correlation matrix to explore associations between individual parameters and combined indices of such parameters. The matrices were used to construct heat maps and identify clustering of individual parameters.
Results
Overall, approximately 10% of the population had LVH assessed by Mortara algorithms. This graph shows that along with the free standing peaks, the rest are divided into two clusters of interconnected individual parameters. In the center of the largest cluster is the parameter, reflecting R-peak magnitude in aVL lead. In the center of another cluster was the left ventricular strain pattern, as described in Romhilt-Estes point score system. Overall, the Sokolov-Lyon index and LVH point score in Veritas algorithm had the strongest relationships with each other, but the Gubner and Cornell indices had relatively weak correlations with the other indices (Table 1). The mean correlation coefficient between five combined LVH indices was as follows: Veritas (Mortara) – 0.58, Sokolov-Lyon – 0.56, Romhilt-Estes – 0.45, Gubner – 0,32, Cornell – 0,3.
Conclusions
Parameters such as R-peak magnitude in aVL and left ventricular strain pattern were the most strongly related with each other. Aggregate indices, such as the Sokolov-Lyon index and LVH point score in Veritas algorithm were the most strongly related with all other indices, but the Gubner and Cornell indices were only weakly correlated. The results reinforce the utility of Sokolov-Lyon index and Mortara algorithms as the optimum measures of LVH.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Du H, Kakkoura M, Tim K, Chen Z. Dairy intake and risk of major cardiovascular events: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Evidence on the association between dairy consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease has been highly inconsistent, with findings suggesting either harmful, neutral or beneficial effects. In addition, a very large majority of the previous studies on this topic were conducted among populations in Europe and North America who usually consume a higher amount of dairy products and very few data, particularly prospective data, come from China where the dairy consumption level is low.
Purpose
We therefore investigated the associations between intake of dairy products and incidence of several major types of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults.
Methods
During 2004–2008, the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank Study recruited slightly over 0.5 million adults from ten diverse regions (five urban and five rural) across China. Information on the consumption frequency of dairy products was collected at baseline and periodic resurveys, using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire. Over a mean follow-up of 10.9 years, there were 47,128 incident ischaemic heart disease events, 43,481 ischaemic strokes and 9749 intracerebral haemorrhages among 489,595 study participants, who did not report a prior history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident events associated with dairy intake.
Results
Overall, 69.3% of participants reported never or rare consumption (i.e. non-consumers) and 11.3% of them reported regular consumption (i.e. ≥4 days/week) of dairy products, with milk accounting for the largest proportion of total dairy intake (∼77%). Male and female regular dairy consumers had 2.1/1.5 and 1.7/1.1 mmHg lower systolic/diastolic blood pressure, respectively compared to non-consumers. In a subset (∼18,000) of participants with blood lipid levels measured, regular dairy consumers had ∼0.1 mmol/L higher LDL levels than non-consumers. After adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, BMI and other dietary factors, dairy consumption was positively and significantly associated with risk of ischaemic heart disease, with the adjusted HR per 50 g/day increase in usual dairy consumption being 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.14). Dairy consumption was not significantly associated with risk of ischemic stroke but was inversely associated with risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, with each 50 g/day increase in usual dairy consumption being associated with 17% lower risk (HR 0.83, 0.78–0.88). These associations remained significant after additional adjustment for systolic blood pressure.
Conclusion
In this large study of Chinese adults, higher intake of dairy products was associated with a higher risk of ischaemic heart disease but a lower risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. The exact mechanisms underlying such associations require further investigation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The CKB baseline survey and the first re-survey were supported by the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up has been supported by Wellcome grants to Oxford University (212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z) and grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91843302). The UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00017/1,MC_UU_12026/2 MC_U137686851), Cancer Research UK (C16077/A29186; C500/A16896) and the British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454), provide core funding to the Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit at Oxford University for the project.
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Kakkoura MG, Du H, Key TJ, Chen Z. Associations of red meat, poultry, fish and egg intake with risk of cardiovascular disease: an 11-year prospective study of the China Kadoorie Biobank. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Higher red meat intake and lower fish intake have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), while the relevance of poultry and egg intake for CVD incidence remains inconclusive. Furthermore, most of the prospective evidence comes from studies in the Western populations, with limited data from China where the CVD patterns are largely different.
Purpose
We therefore investigated the associations of red meat, poultry, fish and egg intake with risks of several major types of CVD in Chinese adults.
Methods
The China Kadoorie Biobank is a prospective study which recruited ∼512,000 adult participants from ten diverse localities during 2004–08. At baseline and periodic resurveys, information on the consumption frequency of major food groups was collected using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire, together with medical history, socio-demographic and other lifestyle factors. During an average follow-up of 10.9 years, 47,128 incident ischaemic heart disease events, 43,481 ischaemic strokes and 9749 intracerebral haemorrhages were recorded among 489,595 participants, who did not have a prior history of CVD at baseline. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) relating dietary exposures to CVD risk.
Results
There were 47.2%, 1.4%, 9.0% and 24.1% of participants at baseline who regularly consumed (i.e. ≥4 days/week) red meat, poultry, fish and eggs, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, including body mass index and other dietary factors under study, egg consumption was significantly associated with lower risks of ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke, with each 50 g/day increase in estimated habitual egg consumption being associated with 18% (HR 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.90) and 24% lower risks (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.84), respectively. Inverse associations were also observed between intakes of red meat, fish and eggs and risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, with adjusted HRs for 50 g/day higher intake being 0.84 (95% CI 0.74–0.97), 0.86 (95% CI 0.74–0.99) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.34–0.51), respectively.
Conclusion
This large prospective study of Chinese adults showed that higher intake of eggs was associated with lower risks of ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke. Moreover, higher intakes of red meat, fish and eggs were each associated with a lower risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. Further investigation of the potential mechanisms that underlie the observed associations is required.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): The CKB baseline survey and the first re-survey were supported by the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up has been supported by Wellcome grants to Oxford University (212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z) and grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91843302). The UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00017/1,MC_UU_12026/2 MC_U137686851), Cancer Research UK (C16077/A29186; C500/A16896) and the British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454), provide core funding to the Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit at Oxford University for the project. MG. Kakkoura is supported by the Wellcome Trust, Our Planet Our Health (Livestock, Environment and People - LEAP) (205212/Z/16/Z).
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Kim C, Liang D, Han Y, Ding S, Li K, Yun C, Yang W, Han J, Liu S, Du H, Wang C, Yang J. Micromagnetic simulation of microstructure effect for binary-main-phase Nd-Ce-Fe-B magnets. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:445801. [PMID: 34348249 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1aa1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the magnetic properties of a chemically heterogeneous binary-main-phase (BMP) Nd-Ce-Fe-B magnet with a core-shell structure via micromagnetic simulation. It is found that the coercivity strongly depends on the shell thickness. The BMP magnet's coercivity initially increases and then decreases with increasing Nd-rich shell thickness, and so there is the optimal shell thickness which shows the maximum coercivity for any given Ce concentration. The simulation shows the significant difference in coercivity and maximum energy product between the BMP and single-main-phase magnets. Notably, the magnetization reversal mechanism of the BMP magnet is revealed in the simulation. Local reversals in the BMP magnet first occur in the Ce-rich shells, followed by the Nd-rich cores. Then, the magnetization in Ce-rich core/Nd-rich shell typed grains is switched after reversed magnetization of all the Nd-rich core/Ce-rich shell typed grains. The BMP magnet represents a further increased coercivity for a larger GB thickness, which can be well explained by a maximum stray field.
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Du H, Wang YW, Cui LL, Fang JL, Sun QH, Du YJ, Zhang YJ, Zhong Y, Huang ZH, Zhang WJ, Peng XM, Zhang Y, Li TT. [Evaluation of the fresh air purification system in the classroom under heavy pollution weather]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2021; 55:995-998. [PMID: 34445839 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200930-01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evaluate the effect of the fresh air purification system on the improvement of indoor PM2.5 levels in a primary school classroom in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Our purpose is to explore the optimal operating time of the fresh air system and the main factors that affect the fresh air purification system to improve indoor air quality. From December 9, 2019 to December 10, 2019, two classrooms of the same area on the third floor of a primary school building in Jinan City, Shandong Province were selected as monitoring points. During the operation of the fresh air purification system, the PM2.5 concentration in the classroom is reduced by an average of 48.1%-61.5% compared to the outdoor PM2.5 concentration. After running for about 2 hours, the indoor PM2.5 concentration decreased to a relatively stable concentration level. The operating time of the fresh air purification system, student activities between classes, indoor temperature, indoor relative humidity, and outdoor PM2.5 concentration are important factors that affect the indoor particulate removal rate. In the case of a certain amount of fresh air and indoor area, closing doors and windows and appropriately extending the operation time of the fresh air purification system can improve the air quality in the classroom to a certain extent and protect the health of students.
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Li J, Yang WJ, Zheng L, Du H, Huang CM, Leung WH, Chen XY. Clinical implication and significance of the vertebrobasilar junction angle over 90° in vertebrobasilar artery atherosclerosis: An intracranial high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging study. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nesbitt KATIE, Beleigoli A, Du H, Clark RA, Tirimacco R. Co-designing digital cardiac rehabilitation with patients living in rural and remote australia - the country heart attack prevention project. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab060.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Co-sponsored National health Medical Partnership Grant
OnBehalf
the country heart attack prevention project
Background/significance. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) significantly reduces death, reoccurring cardiac events, hospital admissions while improving quality of life. However, it is still poorly attended with participation rates worldwide between 20-50%, worsened for rural and remote patients by the tyranny of distance, work responsibilities and transportation. Web-based CR can provide an alternative, patient centred, flexible delivery option. Co-design with consumers and clinicians is recommended to tailor web-based CR to their needs and preferences as a means of increasing attendance.
Purpose. The objective of this study is to describe how patient-generated data through workshops on desired content and features informs technology and implementation specifications for the patient portal of a CR website.
Methods. UX Design theoretical framework, using a co-design workshop, with thematic analysis, a survey, and the System Usability Scale was used to report outcomes.
Results. Based on the feedback from participants in rural and remote SA, desired content and features were updated for improving user experience. We recruited 27 participants across 4 regional Local health Networks in SA. The median age of participants was 71.0 (IQR 58-78), 14 (51.9%) were female and 27 (100%) had completed a cardiac rehabilitation program. More than half used a smart phone (16; 59.3%) and Facebook (21; 77.8%). Overall usability remains low based on a mean SUS score of 63.4 (SD 21.1), however there was a tendency to usability improving over time.
Conclusion. The co-design process has contributed to the development of the CR website, improving desired content and features. Improved usability scores can be achieved through further incorporating consumer feedback into the development of the CR website.
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Hou J, Xu F, Du H, Li N. Adverse events associated with mirabegron 50mg versus placebo: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Urol 2021; 31:627-633. [PMID: 34312078 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The safety of mirabegron 50mg monotherapy was comprehensively assessed versus placebo for overactive bladder. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted up to June, 2020 using PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials evaluating safety of mirabegron in overactive bladder were collected, and safety was assessed according to 15 adverse events. Adverse events were widely selected to be assessed if they could be calculated. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by using the χ2 test based on the Q and I2 tests. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using fixed model if I2<50%, otherwise a random-effects model was chosen. The outcomes were nasopharyngitis, dry mouth, hypertension, constipation, headache, dyspepsia, urinary tract infection, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, cardiovascular events, influenza, electrocardiogram QT prolonged, upper respiratory tract infection and high blood pressure. RESULTS In all, 10 peer-reviewed trials comprising 6135 patients were identified. Compared with placebo, mirabegron 50mg had an unfavorable safety profile resulting in nasopharyngitis (OR, 1.54[95% credible interval, 1.05-2.25]; P=0.03. No statistical difference was found between mirabegron 50mg and placebo groups in other 14 outcomes. CONCLUSION Mirabegron 50mg is further confirmed to be nearly as safe as placebo, expect for nasopharyngitis. Nasopharyngitis is associated with mirabegron 50mg monotherapy for patients with overactive bladder.
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Du H, Wang W, Cong YL, Zhang JP, Guo Y, Zhang ZG, Li Q. [Surveillance and genetic characteristics of imported cases of measles virus of D8 genotype in Hebei province]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:1012-1017. [PMID: 34814499 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200904-01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the epidemiological and genotypic characteristics of imported cases of measles virus of D8 genotype in Hebei province. Methods: Epidemiological investigation of measles cases in surveillance was carried out. The throat swabs of the measles cases in acute phase were collected for real time RT-PCR identification, measles virus culture and genotype identification. Results: A total of 36 imported measles cases of genotype D8 were detected. The cases were mainly distributed in 8 counties of Handan city. Number of confirmed measles cases in Cheng'an county was the highest, accounting for 58.33% (21/36) of all the reported cases. All patients had fever and rash, and 55.55% (20/36) of the cases were under 2 years old and 86.11% (31/36) of the cases had no immunization history. The children with pneumonia accounted for 44.12% (15/34) of the total children with D8 genotype measles virus infection. The nucleotide and amino acid homologies between the imported measles virus genotype D8 and the WHO reference strain of D8 genotype (D8-Manchester.UNK/30.94) were 98.4%-98.6% and 97.3%, respectively. Compared with the strains of H1 genotype in China, the nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 92.8%-93.1% and 93.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The imported cases of measles virus of D8 genotype might have caused local transmission in Hebei province. Molecular epidemiological surveillance for measles virus needs to be further strengthened. It is necessary to detect and control the epidemic early and improve the coverage rate and timely rate of measles vaccination. It is also important to prevent cross infection in hospitals.
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Ma WH, Zhang XG, Guo LL, Zhang JB, Wei FT, Lu QH, Du H, Kong YR, Wang X, Xu DL. Androgen receptor inhibition alleviated inflammation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis by increasing autophagy in macrophages. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 25:3762-3771. [PMID: 34109585 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202105_25944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) is characterized by pronounced macrophage infiltration, cardiac necrosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that suppressed androgen receptor (AR) enables anti-inflammation to promote tissue repair by decreasing M1 macrophages and increasing M2 macrophages in an EAM model. Given that autophagy mediates inflammatory response in macrophages, we investigated whether AR inhibition executes its protective role in inflammation through the autophagy pathway in EAM. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine whether AR inhibition can perform its anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating autophagy, we pre-treated mice with 3-methyl adenine (3-MA), a pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blot were used to detect autophagy levels and autophagy activity in five different groups. Immunofluorescence marked F4/80 and LC3 to illustrate the autophagy level in macrophages. TUNEL assays were used to detect the apoptosis level in heart tissue of five different groups. RESULTS We demonstrated that AR inhibition resolves injury with sustained inhibition of inflammatory cytokines associated with enhanced autophagy, especially in macrophages. Increased LC3II/I expression corroborated complete autolysosome formation detected by electron microscopy and correlated with degradation of SQSTM1/p62 in the AR inhibition group by Western blot. These effects could be reversed within 3-MA, a pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy. Specifically, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy increased apoptosis and inflammation, which could be attenuated by AR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AR inhibition alleviates the inflammatory response and tissue apoptosis by enhancing autophagy, especially in macrophages.
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Guo CL, Luo HX, Wang C, Qu XF, Yang B, Belinson JL, Du H, Wu RF. [Performance of vaginal self-sampling high-risk HPV genotyping as primary and combining cytology or viral load as secondary in cervical cancer screening]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2021; 56:271-279. [PMID: 33902239 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200824-00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotyping with vaginal self-sampling in primary screening and combining cytology or viral load for HR-HPV positive as secondary screening strategies. Methods: The data referring to HR-HPV genotyping of self-collected sample with mass array matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), HR-HPV viral load of physician-collected sample with hybrid capture Ⅱ (HC-Ⅱ), liquid-based cytology and histology of 8 556 women were from Shenzhen cervical cancer screening trial Ⅱ (SHENCCAST-Ⅱ) conducted between April 2009 and April 2010. The data were reanalyzed to determine the sensitivity and specificity to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grade 2 or worse (CIN Ⅱ+), CIN of grade 3 or worse (CIN Ⅲ+) when HR-HPV genotyping combining with colposcopy as primary screening strategy based on varied HR-HPV subtype (strategy 1, including 5 sub-strategies: 1a: HPV 16/18 positive; 1b: HPV 16/18/58 positive; 1c: HPV 16/18/58/31/33 positive; 1d: HPV 16/18/58/31/33/52 positive; 1e: any HR-HPV positive). The data were also compared to determine the efficacy of cytology (strategy 2, including 5 sub-strategies: 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) or HR-HPV viral load (strategy 3, including 4 sub-strategies: 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) of physician-collected sample as a triage with HR-HPV genotyping for self-sampling HR-HPV positives. Results: (1) The HR-HPV positive rate was 13.77% (1 178/8 556) in the self-collected samples of 8 556 pregnant women. Of them,the prevalences of HPV 16/18, HPV 16/18/58, HPV 16/18/58/31/33 and HPV 16/18/58/31/33/52 were 3.16% (270/8 556), 5.14% (440/8 556), 6.66% (570/8 556) and 9.81% (839/8 556), respectively. The HR-HPV viral load ≥10 relative light units/control (RLU/CO) was 8.87%(759/ 8 556), while cytological results ≥atypical squamous cell of undetermined signification (ASCUS) were 12.05% (1 031/8 556). (2) The strategy 1e had the highest sensitivities for CIN Ⅱ+, CIN Ⅲ+ which were 92.70% and 94.33%,respectively,among 14 sub-strategies,while the lowest specificity and positive predictive value (PPV). Meanwhile,the required colposcopy referral rates were much higher than other 13 sub-strategies (13.77%). The other 4 sub-strategies of strategy 1 (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d), strategy 1a had the highest specificities for CIN Ⅱ+ and CIN Ⅲ+ (97.92%, 97.69%, respectively), while 1d had the highest sensitivities for CIN Ⅱ+ and CIN Ⅲ+ (88.41%, 92.20%, respectively). (3) Both strategies of referring self-sampling HPV 16/18 positives for immediate colposcopy followed by triage physician-collected sample cytology (≥ASCUS) or viral load (≥10 RLU/CO) for non-HPV 16/18 positives had significantly higher sensitivity and specificity for CIN Ⅱ, CIN Ⅲ+, as well as lower referral rates (strategy 2a and 3a). Additionally, based on these two secondary screening strategies, cumulatively using the other four HR-HPV (HPV 58, 31, 33 and 52) positives as triage for immediate colposcopy showed an enhanced sensitivity. Conclusions: Primary HR-HPV cervical cancer screening strategy based on self-sampling with triage of cytology (≥ASCUS) or viral load (≥10 RUL/CO) provides a good balance among sensitivity, specificity for CIN Ⅱ+ and CIN Ⅲ+ and the number of tests required, referral rates. The efficacy of HR-HPV genotyping combining cytology or viral load secondary screening strategies will have a spiral escalation when HPV 58, 31, 33, 52 are included.
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Du H, Wang YW, Li TT. [A systematic review of association between fine particle exposure and children's behavior]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2021; 55:96-103. [PMID: 33455139 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200322-00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To systematically analyze the impact of PM2.5 exposure on children's behavior. Methods: Use air pollution, fine particulate matter, children, students, child behavior, neurobehavior, attention, autism, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperactivity, and bad behavior as Chinese keywords. Use air pollution, fine particulate matter, particulate matter, PM2.5, children, student, behavior, autism, attention, intention, neurobehavior, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, ASD as English keywords. Journal papers and grey literature were searched from CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed and Web of Science database from their inception to Nov 2019, which are related to PM2.5 and children behavior problems. The search period is as of November 2019, and the languages are limited to Chinese and English. The inclusion criteria included the exposure factor of the study as PM2.5; the results of the study included behavioral disorders and related diseases; the languages of the included literature were Chinese and English; original research papers; case-control, cohort or cross-sectional studies. Exclusion criteria include animal experiments; repeated reports; review articles; research exposure factors do not include PM2.5; children self-harm and illegal behaviors. Finally, 25 articles were included. Results: Among the 25 included articles, 12 studies discussed the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and childhood behavioral disorders, 13 discussed the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and abnormal behaviors in children, and 5 studies based on the Chinese population. According to the research design, it is divided into birth cohort studies (15), cross-sectional studies (5), and case-control studies (5). China mainly uses cross-sectional studies and case-control studies. The results of the study suggest that PM2.5 exposure will increase the risk of children's behavioral problems, with both short-term and long-term effects. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 can easily cause mild abnormal behaviors in children, and long-term exposure may increase the risk of children's behavioral disorders. The fetal period and the infant period may be the key exposure window for the occurrence of children's behavior problems. Conclusion: There may be a certain correlation between PM2.5 exposure and children's behavioral problems. In future studies, longitudinal cohort studies should be carried out to enhance the causal relationship between fine particulate matter pollution and children's behavioral problems.
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Du H, Yang L, Zhang H, Zhang XL, Shao HY. Correlation between growth differentiation factor-15 and the severity of chronic heart failure in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:12844-12848. [PMID: 33378034 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation of the growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) with the severity of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS 300 coronary atherosclerosis patients with CHF treated in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 and 300 healthy people (control group) were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The basic clinical information of the patients, such as age, gender, smoking/drinking history, waist-hip ratio, BMI and blood lipid were collected, and GDF-15, cystatin C and c-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. The severity of heart failure was classified. RESULTS No significant differences in clinical information were found such as age, gender, smoking/drinking history, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI and blood lipid. However, there were significant differences in GDF-15, cystatin C and CRP among patients with different severities of heart failure. The GDF-15 level was 582.6 ± 104.4 pg/ml in patients with grade IV heart failure and 408.4 ± 94.8 pg/ml in patients with grade I heart failure. There was a significance after GDF-15, cystatin C and CRP were adjusted (p = 0.03) and also after the clinical information and GDF-15 were adjusted (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS GDF-15 level is correlated with the CHF severity in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, indicating that it is a potential index to evaluate the CHF severity, providing clues to the biological mechanism and treatment of heart failure.
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Duan LF, Du H, Wang C, Huang X, Qu XF, Duan XZ, Liu Y, Shi B, Zhang W, Wei LH, Belinson L, Wu RF. [Evaluation of the effectiveness of BMRT-HPV for cervical cancer screening]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2020; 55:708-715. [PMID: 33120484 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200325-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Evaluation of the clinical value of the BioPerfectus multiplex real time (BMRT)-HPV for cervical cancer screening. Methods: Physician-collected specimens of 1 495 women who were positive of Cobas 4800 HPV (Cobas-HPV), HPV genotyping based on SEQ uencing (SEQ-HPV), and (or) cytology ≥low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in the primary screening of Chinese Multiple-center Screening Trial (CHIMUST), and 2 990 women selected from those who were negative of primary screening in the same project through nested control randomization with age-matching were tested for BMRT-HPV, which reported type-specific viral loads/10 000 cells in each specimen. With comparing to Cobas-HPV results and taking cervical histopathological diagnosis as the endpoint, the concordance of high-risk (HR)-HPV subtypes among the three assays was explored ,and the sensitivity and specificity of BMRT-HPV for cervical cancer screening were evaluated. Results: (1) The overall agreenment of HR-HPV subtypes between BMRT-HPV and Cobas-HPV, or SEQ-HPV test sample was 94.8%, 94.4%, with Kappa values 0.827, 0.814. (2) The sensitivity and specificity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ+ of BMRT-HPV, Cobas-HPV and SEQ-HPV were 92.62%, 94.26%, 93.44% and 84.67%, 83.25%, 82.76%, respectively. There were no significant difference in sensitivity among the three HPV assays (all P>0.05), but the specificity of BMRT-HPV for CIN Ⅱ+ was higher than those of Cobas-HPV and SEQ-HPV (P<0.01). The sensitivity for CIN Ⅲ+ of three HPV assays were all 100.00%, and the specificity for CIN Ⅲ+ of BMRT-HPV was higher than those of Cobas-HPV and SEQ-HPV (83.40% vs 81.95%, 83.40% vs 81.50%; P<0.01). The number of pathological examinations of colposcopy for cervical biopsy detected in 1 case of CIN Ⅱ+ or CIN Ⅲ+ in BMRT-HPV was less than those in Cobas-HPV and SEQ-HPV (P<0.01). When using HPV 16/18 + cytology ≥atypical squamous cell of undetermined signification (ASCUS) to triage HPV positive women among three assays, there was no different in the sensitivities of detecting CIN Ⅱ+ and CIN Ⅲ+ (P>0.05). The specificity BMRT-HPV was slightly higher than those in Cobas-HPV or SEQ-HPV (all P<0.05), and the colposcopy referral rate was lower than those in Cobas-HPV and SEQ-HPV (all P<0.05). Conclusions: BMRT-HPV is as sensitive as Cobas-HPV or SEQ-HPV for primary cervical cancer screening, and has higher specificity. Therefore it could be used as a primary screening method for cervical cancer, which is worthy of clinical application.
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Zhang JW, Du H, Zhang LL, An HB. [Congenital granular cell epulis:report of a case]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 49:1198-1199. [PMID: 33152833 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200303-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cai L, Li H, Guo J, Zhao W, Li Y, Duan Y, Hou X, Cheng L, Du H, Shao X, Diao Z, Hao Y, Li C. 176P Effect of adjuvant lenvatinib (LEN) on tumour recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and high residual alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) following resection or ablation: A single-center, retrospective study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Xu P, Zeng Z, CAI J, Wang X, Du H, Xu Y, Yi Y, Huang L, Liu A. LncRNACOX2 Contributes To Cardiac Fibrosis Through LncRNACOX2-OSM-Stat3 Pathway In Mouse Radiation-induced Heart Disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Clarke R, Chaikovsky I, Wright N, Du H, Chen Y, Guo Y, Bian Z, Li L, Chen Z. Independent relevance of left ventricular hypertrophy for risk of ischaemic heart disease in 25,000 Chinese adults. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is strongly related with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and, hence, there has been some uncertainty about its independent relevance for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) after taking account of such risk factors.
Purpose
To examine the associations of LVH with prevalent and incident cases of IHD after adjustment for established risk factors for CVD in a population-based study of Chinese adults.
Methods
The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank cohort study was conducted in the general population of 5 urban and 5 rural areas in China, with a baseline survey in 2004–2008. A random sample of 24,786 participants had a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded at the second resurvey in 2013–2014. Electronic records of ECG tracings were used to estimate LVH using 5 different criteria (Sokolov, Cornell, Romhilt-Estes, Gubner and Mortara). IHD cases were recorded by linkage to electronic records of hospitalisation, death and disease registries. Cox regression was used to estimate the associations of LVH with prevalent (n=1325) and incident (n=900) cases of IHD after adjustment for age, sex, region, prior vascular disease, smoking, alcohol, SBP, diabetes, lipids and body mass index (BMI).
Results
The overall prevalence of LVH in the population varied depending on the criteria used for detection (Mortara [10%], Sokolov [14%], Cornell [6%], Romhilt-Estes [4%] and Gubner [1%]). The prevalence of LVH (using Sokolov) increased with age and was higher in men than women (20% vs 10%) and linearly with levels of SBP, but also by ∼10-fold between the 10 regions in China. Irrespective of which criteria were used for detection (Table), LVH was strongly associated with both prevalent and incident cases of IHD after adjustment for age, sex, region and established CVD risk factors. Any one measure of LVH was associated with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.30 (1.10, 1.53) for prevalent IHD and 1.40 (1.20, 1.64) for incident IHD, respectively.
Conclusions
Overall, 1 in 10 Chinese adults had LVH, and LVH was associated with 30% higher risk of prevalent IHD and 40% higher risk of IHD independent of established CVD risk factors.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): UK Wellcome Trust
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Du H, Zhang D, Cao T, Jin X. Re: do state-trait anxiety and previous unpleasant dental experiences predict the need for sedation in women having third molar surgery? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:e347-e348. [PMID: 33011020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang J, Yang Y, Schulze C, Evans J, Wang Z, Lee B, Choy T, Reyes D, Zhao R, Tao J, Du H, Ozawa T, Wildes D, Raleigh D, Wang Z, Monga S, Kwiatkowski D, Weiss W, Smith J, Singh M. Optimal therapeutic positioning of a selective bi-steric inhibitor of MTORC1 in genetically defined cancers. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yu YX, Sun L, Yao K, Lou XT, Liang X, Zhao BW, Mu QX, Du H, Zhao Y, Zhang H. [Consideration and prevention of the aerosol transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020; 56:653-656. [PMID: 32171189 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200313-00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article was published ahead of print on the official website of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on March 14, 2020. Novel coronavirus pneumonia broke out and spread to the whole nation since December 2019. The fight against the virus is now at a critical stage. Previous epidemiological investigations and animal experiments suggested aerosol could perform as a virus transmitter. Based on the clinical observation, the possibility of aerosol transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus has aroused much attention. This article focuses on the feature of aerosol transmission and the pathogens involved in. We analyze the possibility of aerosol transmission of the novel coronavirus. Relevant strategies for preventing novel coronavirus pneumonia are established for the medical personnel and general public during their work or daily life. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:653-656).
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Duan LF, Du H, Xiao AM, Wang C, Yan PS, Huang X, Wu RF. [The value of p16(INK4a) cytology for early diagnosis of cervical cancer]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 49:812-815. [PMID: 32746548 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20191203-00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the use of p16(INK4a) immuno-stained cytology as the primary screening for cervical cancer prevention. Methods: From March to August 2018, 902 women from Shenzhen and surrounding area were recruited for cervical cancer screening with ThinPrep Cytologic Test (TCT), cobas4800 HPV test, and p16(INK4a) co-test. Colpo/biopsies were performed using the point of interest biopsy protocol of directed and random cervical biopsies plus endocervical curettage for all women, any of whose tests was positive. Two senior cytopathologists interpreted TCT and p16(INK4a) test. The performance of p16(INK4a) for early detection of CIN2+ and inter-observer reproducibility of the interpretation of p16(INK4a) were evaluated. Results: The positive rates of HPV test, p16(INK4a) co-test and TCT diagnosed as LSIL/AGC or higher grade were 8.1% (73/902), 6.8% (61/902) and 4.7% (42/902), respectively. Colposcopy referring rate was 79.6% (109/137), among which 10 cases were diagnosed as CIN2+ (5 cases of CIN2 and 5 cases of CIN3). The sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ of p16(INK4a) test, TCT (LSIL/AGC or higher grade) and HPV test were 90.0%, 80.0%, 100.0% and 90.9%, 91.9%, 82.5%, respectively. Compared to TCT and HPV test, there was no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity between p16(INK4a) and TCT/HPV test (P>0.05). The Kappa value of the 2 cytopathologists in interpreting p16(INK4a) and TCT was 0.944 and 0.425, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions: p16(INK4a) for cervical cancer screening is equally sensitive to HPV test and specific to TCT while subjective difference of cytopathologists' interpretation of p16(INK4a) is small. Therefore, p16(INK4a) can be used as a new cervical cancer screen method for its better diagnostic performance.
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Wang Y, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Qiu Y, Du H, Chen W, Figueroa S, Plikus MV, Nie Q. A multiscale hybrid mathematical model of epidermal-dermal interactions during skin wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:493-502. [PMID: 30801791 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Following injury, skin activates a complex wound healing programme. While cellular and signalling mechanisms of wound repair have been extensively studied, the principles of epidermal-dermal interactions and their effects on wound healing outcomes are only partially understood. To gain new insight into the effects of epidermal-dermal interactions, we developed a multiscale, hybrid mathematical model of skin wound healing. The model takes into consideration interactions between epidermis and dermis across the basement membrane via diffusible signals, defined as activator and inhibitor. Simulations revealed that epidermal-dermal interactions are critical for proper extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis, suggesting these signals may influence how wound scars form. Our model makes several theoretical predictions. First, basal levels of epidermal activator and inhibitor help to maintain dermis in a steady state, whereas their absence results in a raised, scar-like dermal phenotype. Second, wound-triggered increase in activator and inhibitor production by basal epidermal cells, coupled with fast re-epithelialization kinetics, reduces dermal scar size. Third, high-density fibrin clot leads to a raised, hypertrophic scar phenotype, whereas low-density fibrin clot leads to a hypotrophic phenotype. Fourth, shallow wounds, compared to deep wounds, result in overall reduced scarring. Taken together, our model predicts the important role of signalling across dermal-epidermal interface and the effect of fibrin clot density and wound geometry on scar formation. This hybrid modelling approach may be also applicable to other complex tissue systems, enabling the simulation of dynamic processes, otherwise computationally prohibitive with fully discrete models due to a large number of variables.
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Xu Z, Zhou J, Ren T, Du H, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang C. Salt stress decreases seedling growth and development but increases quercetin and kaempferol content in Apocynum venetum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:813-821. [PMID: 32378758 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with great potential to treat angiocardiopathy. Its major medicinal constituents are flavonoids. However, the natural habitats of A. venetum are typically affected by salt stress, which can modify both biomass and accumulation of medicinal compounds. In this study, the effects of salt stress on growth and development of A. venetum, accumulation of flavonoids and expression patterns of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were evaluated. In general, the growth and development of seedlings (seedling height, root length, leaf length, leaf width and seed germination) were inhibited by salt stress. Unlike typical halophytes, there was no optimal NaCl concentration range that promoted growth and development, but seedlings had an elevated DW/FW ratio under salt stress (induced by irrigation with 50, 100, 200 or 400 mm NaCl). Furthermore, quercetin and kaempferol were significantly accumulated in A. venetum seedlings under salt stress, resulting in a balanced content and reduced FW. Moreover, the expression of AvCHS, AvCHI and AvF3GT was inhibited by salt stress; however, AvF3'H, AvF3H and AvFLS, which are involved in the flavonol synthesis pathway, were up-regulated under salt stress, consistent with a decrease in total flavonoids and an increase of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol). In summary, cultivation of A. venetum in saline soils appeared to be feasible and improved the medicinal quality of A. venetum (quercetin and kaempferol accumulation under salt stress), thus this species can effectively utilize saline soil resources.
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