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Wagner L, Isbrucker R, Locht C, Arciniega J, Costanzo A, McFarland R, Oh H, Hoonakker M, Descamps J, Andersen SR, Gupta RK, Markey K, Chapsal JM, Lidster K, Casey W, Allen D. In search of acceptable alternatives to the murine histamine sensitisation test (HIST): what is possible and practical? PHARMEUROPA BIO & SCIENTIFIC NOTES 2016; 2016:151-170. [PMID: 28279256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 'International Workshop on Alternatives to the Murine Histamine Sensitization Test for Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: In Search of Acceptable Alternatives to the Murine Histamine Sensitization Test (HIST): What is Possible and Practical?' was held on 4 and 5 March 2015 in London, United Kingdom. Participants discussed the results of the data generated from an international collaborative study (BSP114 Phase 2) sponsored by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Health Care (EDQM) to determine if a modified Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-based clustering assay is a suitable alternative to replace HIST. Workshop participants agreed that protocol transferability demonstrated in the collaborative study indicates that a standardised CHO cell assay is adequate for measuring pure PTx in reference preparations. However, vaccine manufacturers would still need to demonstrate that the method is valid to detect or measure residual PTx in their specific adjuvanted products. The 2 modified CHO cell protocols included in the study (the Direct and the Indirect Methods) deserve further consideration as alternatives to HIST. Using the CHO cell assay, an in vitro alternative, for acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine batch release testing would reduce the number of animals used for aP vaccine safety testing. A strategic, stepwise adoption plan was proposed, in which the alternative test would be used for release purposes first, and then, once sufficient confidence in its suitable performance has been gained, its use would be extended to stability testing.
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Lye D, Archuleta S, Omar S, Low JG, Oh H, Wei Y, Tambyah PA, Leo YS. Older Age and Illness Duration Predict Poor Response to Platelet Transfusion in Adult Dengue. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv133.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lye D, Archuleta S, Omar S, Low JG, Oh H, Wei Y, Tambyah PA, Leo YS. Platelet Kinetics of Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion in Adult Dengue. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv133.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Na B, Kim H, Piragyte I, Oh H, Kwon M, Akber U, Lee H, Park D, Song W, Park Z, Im S, Rho M, Hyun Y, Kim M, Jun CD. TAGLN2 regulates T cell activation by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton at the immunological synapse. J Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1084/jem.2124oia13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lee IH, Sohn M, Lim HJ, Yoon S, Oh H, Shin S, Shin JH, Oh SH, Kim J, Lee DK, Noh DY, Bae DS, Seong JK, Bae YS. Ahnak functions as a tumor suppressor via modulation of TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. Oncogene 2014; 33:4675-84. [PMID: 24662814 PMCID: PMC4180639 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide detailed mechanisms of Ahnak-mediated potentiation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, which leads to a negative regulation of cell growth. We show that Smad3 interacts with Ahnak through MH2 domain and that Ahnak stimulates Smad3 localization into nucleus leading to potentiating TGFβ-induced transcriptional activity of R-Smad. Moreover, overexpression of Ahnak resulted in growth retardation and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of c-Myc and cyclin D1/D2. We describe results from analyses of Ahnak−/− mouse model expressing middle T antigen in a mammary gland-specific manner (MMTVTg/+Ahnak−/−), which showed significantly progressed hyperplasia of mammary glands compared with MMTVTg/+Ahnak+/+. Finally, we screened multiple human breast cancer tissues and showed that the expression of Ahnak in cancer tissues is lower than that in control tissues by 50%. Taken together, these data indicate that Ahnak mediates a negative regulation of cell growth and acts as novel tumor suppressor through potentiation of TGFβ signaling.
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Jo H, Chang S, Lee Y, Shin E, Oh M, Oh H. P281 Applying The Re-Aim Framework To Evaluate Dissemination And Implementation Of Clinical Practice Guideline For Sexually Transmitted Infections In Korea. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Choi M, Ko Y, Yeon J, Oh H, Han S. P180 Systematic Review Of Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block For The Shoulder Or Humerus Surgery Patients. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kim J, Choi J, Chang S, Shin K, Park SH, Kim HW, Oh H, Yoon MJ, Lee EY, Lee EB, Kawachi H, Kohsaka H, Song YW. FRI0015 The effect of cxcl10 blockade in c protein-induced myositis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zang D, Chung I, Oh H, Park K, Lee K, Han B, Choi D, Kim H, Kim J. Randomized Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin and S-1 (OS) Versus Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine (XELOX) in Patients with Metastatic or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Huang A, Schmidt J, Yang H, Oh H, Leung HC, Zelinsky G. Search is guided by two targets: Evidence from a combined fMRI and eye movements study. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lim K, Shin S, Jing K, Kim N, Jeong S, Oh H, Heo J, Park J, Yoon W, Hwang B. 139 Docosahexaenoic Acid-induced Autophagy is Related to Inhibition of MTor by Reactive Oxygen Species in P53 Mutant Cancer Cells. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lim K, Jing K, Shin S, Jeong S, Kim N, Oh H, Heo J, Park J, Yoon W, Hwang B. 136 Mitochondria-mediated Reactive Oxygen Species May Relate to Docosahexaenoic Acid-induced Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lim K, Oh H, Jing K, Shin S, Kim N, Jeong S, Heo J, Park J, Yoon W. 140 Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit Brain Cancer Cell Growth by Apoptosis and Autophgy. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lim K, Kim N, Jing K, Jeong S, Shin S, Oh H, Heo J, Park J, Yoon W, Hwang B. 138 Inhibition of MTor Through AMPK Activation and PI3K/Akt Inhibition is Important to Docosahexaenoic Acid-induced Cell Death in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lim K, Jeong S, Kim N, Jing K, Shin S, Oh H, Heo J, Park J, Yoon W, Hwang B. 137 Docasahexaenoic Acid Induces Apoptosis Through Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent ERK and JNK Activation in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ling ML, Oh H, Lee SL, Wong SC, Lang L. Growing and equipping the infection control community in Singapore. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239772 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Lim K, Jeong S, Song K, Kim N, Jing K, Shin S, Oh H, Park J, Yoon W, Hwang B. 1021 POSTER Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Cell Death Through ROS-dependent ERK and JNK Activation in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lim K, Kim N, Song K, Jing K, Jeong S, Shin S, Oh H, Park J, Yoon W, Hwang B. 1032 POSTER Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Cell Growth Through PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in A549 Human Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yang H, Oh H, Leung HC, Zelinsky G. An effect of WM load on visual search guidance: Evidence from eye movements and functional brain imaging. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Park S, Bong J, Hong J, Wang H, Kim H, Kim J, Oh H, Jheon S, Huang J. 595 Comparison of synchrotron images of Paget's disease of the breast with their pathologic findings. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Oh H, Koo OJ, Kim MJ, Park J, Hong S, Ra J, Kang S, Jang G, Lee BC. 71 DEVELOPMENT OF CLONED DOG EMBRYOS RECONSTRUCTED WITH PRE-ACTIVATED IN VIVO OOCYTES AND DONOR FIBROBLASTS ARRESTED AT G2/M PHASE USING ROSCOVITINE. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv22n1ab71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination between the cell cycle stages of nuclear donor cells and host oocytes has a critical effect on the development of embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Here, we investigated (1) whether roscovitine, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) could arrest canine somatic cells at S/G2 phase of the cell cycle; (2) whether IVM metaphase II (MII) oocyte could be induced to telophase II (TII) after activation. Last, we investigated embryo development ability of nonactivated oocytes (MII) or activated oocytes (TII) fused with somatic cells at different stages of the cell cycle. Dog fetal fibroblasts were treated with roscovitine (30 or 60 μg mL-1 at 24, 48, or 72 h) and a control group of donor cells was cultured to reach confluency. The cells were then fixed and stained with 1 mg mL-1 propidium iodide for flow cytometric analysis. For SCNT, IVM dog oocytes were obtained by flushing (approximately 72 h after ovulation) from the oviducts of oocyte donor dog (Canis familiaris) and divided into 2 groups; nonactivated oocytes (MII) and activated oocytes (TII) by 10 μg mL-1 calcium ionophore for 4 min. Following preparation of each donor cell arrested in G0 and G2/M phase, cells of G0 stage were placed into enucleated MII oocytes (MII-G0) and cells of G2/M-phase were placed into enucleated TII oocytes (TII-G2/M). After fusion by electric stimulation, the MII-G0 group was chemically activated and cultured in modified SOF medium (mSOF), and the TII-G2/M group was cultured in mSOF without activation. The embryo developmental competence was estimated by assessing in vitro development under the microscope. Data were analyzed using a statistical analysis system program. Based on flow cytometry, the frequency of cells arrested at G2/M-phase in the 30 and 60 μg mL-1 roscovitine groups was significantly higher than that in control (31.95 and 25.99% v. 19.79%, respectively), but differences were not observed between the 30 and 60 μg mL-1 roscovitine groups (P > 0.05). Also, a significant increase in the proportion of cells at G2/M-phase was observed at 48 and 72 h in both roscovitine groups compared with the group not treated with roscovitine. The proportion of cells at G2/M-phase in the 60 μg mL-1 group at 48 h and the 30 μg mL-1 group at 72 h was the highest among all treatments. For the TII-G2/M group, we injected into enucleated TII oocyte and selected a large cell that arrested at G2/M-phase in cells cultured with 60 μg mL-1 roscovitine for 48 h. For the result of in vitro development of cloned embryo from MII-G0 and TII-G2/M, TII-G2/M group (39.4 and 7.8%) showed an increased cleavage rate and development to 8 cells compared with MII-G0 (23.5 and 2.9%). In the present study, we demonstrated that, in combination with nuclear donor cells at specific cell cycle stages, MII and TII dog oocytes are similarly effective in supporting the reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei.
This study was supported by Korean MEST through KOSEF (grant # M10625030005-09N250300510) and BK21 program, RNL BIO, and Natural Balance Korea.
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Park S, Bong J, Hong J, Wang H, Kim H, Kim J, Oh H, Jheon S, Huang J. Comparison of Synchrotron Images of DCIS of the Breast with Their Pathologic Findings. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Synchrotron radiation x-ray imaging have opened a new door to explore breast tissue below the micron scale providing detailed internal structures of the samples with a great magnification and an excellent resolution. Using phase contrast technique, we got monochromated synchrotron images of DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ) of the breast tissue section. To figure out relation with their optical microscopic features, we compared the synchrotron images of the DCIS with their histopathologic findings of the same stained section.Material and Methods: A x-ray microscope was installed on 1B2 beamline of Pohang Light Source, a third generation synchrotron radiation facility with operating energy of 2.5 GeV in Pohang, Korea. The x-ray energy was set at 11.1 keV, and the x-ray beam was monochromatized by a W/B4C monochromator. Zernike phase-shifter was adapted for phase contrast x-ray microscopy. Formalin-fixed 5µm-thick breast tissue sample was attached onto the Kapton film, and positioned 25 m away from the beam source. The synchrotron image of sample was converted into a visual image on the CsI(TI) scintillation crystal, and this visual image was captured by a full frame CCD camera. After scanning, we patched these images one and another to show the large area of the tissue section. For the comparative analysis with their synchrotron image, synchrotron-scanned breast tissue sections were stained, and the histopathologic findings of the samples were captured by image analyzer. The magnifying power of this microscope was 100x.Results: The monochromated x-ray microscopic images of DCIS of the breast tissue were obtained with a good resolution. These images revealed various structures of DCIS lesion with a good contrast and high visibility by phase contrast technique. They include prominent and intact periductal basement membrane - a hallmark of DCIS lesion, and stippled fine microcalcifications which were indistinct in the histologic section, and a shadow of intense peritumoral inflammatory cell infiltration. But the minute changes of each cancer cell showing the features of cancer tissue such as, cellular differentiation and nuclear grade, were not identified well.Discussion: The x-ray microscopic imaging of DCIS of the breast tissue section with synchrotron radiation showed a good correspondence with the histopathologic findings of their stained tissue sections. And the synchrotron image of DCIS had some unique radiologic features differentiating from histopathogic findings. Therefore the synchrotron images of the DCIS lesion appear to have a new possibility of use for the clinical and research purposes in near future.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5015.
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Oh H, Gan L, Wee I. P51 Efficacy and safety of polymyxin B in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-Negative infections: a retrospective review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shin E, Oh H, Park M, Kim K, Park S, Kim S, Lee M. Abstract: P1374 THE EFFECT OF LPL PVU II POLYMORPHISM ON THE PREVALENCE OF KOREA METABOLIC SYNDROME. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oh S, Oh H, Yoon S, Shin D, Lee K, Kim I. Impact of the income-based health service types on survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e17574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e17574 Background: Subscription to National Health Insurance (NHI) is a national obligation for South Korean people. For low-income citizens (about lower 3% of population), Medicaid is applied. Many recipients of Medicaid are vulnerable people such as old age singles, the homeless or the handicapped. These populations are suspected to have worse prognosis. According to one report, on the other hand, patients with Medicaid were more likely to receive chemotherapy than patients with NHI despite the uniform health insurance coverage within the two types of health cost financing. Owing to these conflicting findings, we investigated the relationship between health insurance type and prognosis. Methods: Patients are stage IV advanced gastric cancer patients who received palliative chemotherapy. Medical records were reviewed from January 2006 to November 2008 in Seoul Medical Center (municipal teaching hospital). Results: Total 37 patients were found. Median age was 61 years (range 31–85) and male constituted 75.7%. Platinum (cisplatin or oxaliplatin) combined with 5-FU was the most frequently used regimen (78.4%). Twelve patients (32.4%) were recipients of Medicaid. Median PFS and OS of NHI group were 6.9 (95% CI, 1.7–12.0) and 7.8 (95% CI, 3.4–12.1). And that of Medicaid were 5.6 (95% CI, 2.6–8.6) and 7.8 (95% CI, 3.4–12.2) months. The difference from two groups were not statistically different (p = 0.739 for PFS and 0.466 for OS). When patients were divided into longer or shorter survivors according to mean OS (14.1 ±2.6 months), NHI recipients had more probability for survival (odds ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.92). Conclusions: The question is raised whether recipients of Medicaid have poorer prognosis than patients with NHI in metastatic gastric cancer in South Korea. Although it seems that NHI recipients has better prognosis, still we cannot sure. It should be cleared in large scale cohort study whether this is related to low socio-economic status or other uncontrolled confounder. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Unoki N, Nishijima K, Kita M, Suzuma K, Watanabe D, Oh H, Kimura T, Sakamoto A, Yoshimura N. Randomised controlled trial of posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone as adjunct to panretinal photocoagulation for treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:765-70. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.152041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Islam S, Oh H, Jalal S, Karpati F, Ciofu O, Høiby N, Wretlind B. Chromosomal mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:60-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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An SK, Park SI, Jun SB, Kyung CJ, Sung JH, Wilson BS, Rebscher J, Oh H, Kim SJ>. Design for a Simplified Cochlear Implant System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2007.894733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Oh H, Lee J, Kim K, Kim J, Choung Y, Park J. A novel laboratory cultivation method to examine antibiotic-resistance-related microbial risks in urban water environments. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2009; 59:347-352. [PMID: 19182347 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although microbial risk due to antibiotic-resistant microbes in water has been a serious public health concern, the current culture-dependent detecting methods using nutrient-rich conditions may not be suitable for evaluating microbial risk. In the present study, a novel cultivation method was developed to detect antibiotic-resistant microbes at various nutrient levels. A nutrient-rich medium Luria-Bertani broth (LB) was diluted at a wide range of dilution factors (10(0)-10(4)) and amended with either tetracycline or vancomycin. A standard environmental cultivation medium, R2A, was also used by amending with antibiotics. The diluted LB with antibiotics was able to detect previously known oligotrophic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in drinking water and swine manure samples, respectively. These results validate the capability of the new method to detect antibiotic-resistant microbes in various environmental water samples. Using the developed method in assessing microbial risk due to antibiotic-resistant microbes in river and municipal wastewater plants, we found that the viable counts and antibiotic resistance fraction were significantly influenced by the type and concentration level of antibiotic exposure and the cultivation medium conditions. This suggests a further need to standardize cultivation method procedures, to assess microbial risk in water samples.
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Jeon E, Lim H, Cho Y, Lee C, Oh H. 270 POSTER (E)-3-Benzyl-6, 8-dihydroxyoct-2-en-4-one, a novel compound isolated from Streptomyces sp., induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells through mitochondrial-mediated pathway. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Oh H, Park M, Kim H, Lim Y, Lee M. APO E GENOTYPE AS AN INDICATOR FOR THE CHD AND ALZEHEIMER DISEASES IN KOREAN SENIOR SUBJECTS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kumar S, Dare L, Vasko-Moser JA, James IE, Blake SM, Rickard DJ, Hwang SM, Tomaszek T, Yamashita DS, Marquis RW, Oh H, Jeong JU, Veber DF, Gowen M, Lark MW, Stroup G. A highly potent inhibitor of cathepsin K (relacatib) reduces biomarkers of bone resorption both in vitro and in an acute model of elevated bone turnover in vivo in monkeys. Bone 2007; 40:122-31. [PMID: 16962401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is an osteoclast-derived cysteine protease that has been implicated as playing a major role in bone resorption. A substantial body of evidence indicates that cathepsin K is critical in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and suggests that its pharmacological inhibition should result in inhibition of bone resorption in vivo. Here we report the pharmacological characterization of SB-462795 (relacatib) as a potent and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of cathepsin K that inhibits bone resorption both in vitro in human tissue and in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys. SB-462795 is a potent inhibitor of human cathepsins K, L, and V (K(i, app)=41, 68, and 53 pM, respectively) that exhibits 39-300-fold selectivity over other cathepsins. SB-462795 inhibited endogenous cathepsin K in situ in human osteoclasts and human osteoclast-mediated bone resorption with IC50 values of approximately 45 nM and approximately 70 nM, respectively. The anti-resorptive potential of SB-462795 was evaluated in normal as well as medically ovariectomized (Ovx) female cynomolgus monkeys. Serum levels of the C- and N-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTx and NTx, respectively) and urinary levels of NTx were monitored as biomarkers of bone resorption. Administration of SB-462795 to medically ovariectomized or normal monkeys resulted in an acute reduction in both serum and urinary markers of bone resorption within 1.5 h after dosing, and this effect lasted up to 48 h depending on the dose administered. Our data indicate that SB-462795 potently inhibits human cathepsin K in osteoclasts, resulting in a rapid inhibition of bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo in the monkey. These studies also demonstrate the therapeutic potential of relacatib in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and serves to model the planned clinical trials in human subjects.
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Alak A, Heilweil E, Hinze WL, Oh H, Armstrong DW. Effects of Different Stationary Phases and Surfactant or Cyclodextrin Spray Reagents on the Fluorescence Densitometry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Dansylated Amino Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408074043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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84
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Rosenberg JC, Berri R, Jackowski M, Levis D, Nehlsen-Cannarella S, Oh H. Multi-array antibody screening in detecting antibodies to mismatched HLA in patients awaiting a second transplant. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:3393-5. [PMID: 17175281 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective identification of HLA specificities to which a prospective transplant recipient has antibodies depends on how effective the most sensitive assay is in detecting these antibodies. To ascertain the assay's efficacy, the results of antibody screening of patients on the waiting list for a second transplant were studied. A commercially available panel of fluoro-coded microbeads coated with multiple and single purified class I or II HLA antigens was used with flow cytometry to detect antibodies in human serum (LABScreen, One Lambda, Canoga Park, Calif, USA). A total of 112 HLA-A, B, and DR mismatches between donors and recipients were present among 34 patients. Antibodies to 56% of the mismatches were detected with 67% of the HLA-A, 38% of the HLA-B, and 63% of the HLA-DR mismatches detected, respectively. Thirty percent of the patients had antibodies to all of the mismatched HLA, 43% had antibodies to some, and 27% did not develop antibodies to any of the mismatched antigens. Among patients who developed antibodies to all of the mismatched HLA, 60% had had a transplant nephrectomy. Only 11% of patients who had no antibodies detected to mismatched HLA had had a transplant nephrectomy and 44% of them were still on immunosuppression. Using the Matchmaker program developed by Duquesnoy, the latter group of patients had a sufficient number of triplet mismatches that could have resulted in an antibody response. All of the undetected antibodies had been identified in other patients in this group. The assay used in this study to detect antibodies is considered the most sensitive one available. Nonetheless, antibodies to slightly less than half of the mismatched HLA antigens were not detected. It appears that the assay system is capable of detecting the antibodies, since in other patients with the same mismatched HLA, antibodies were detected. It is likely that the recipients could develop antibodies since there was a sufficient degree of disparity in the HLA of donors and recipients. Antibodies were more likely to be detected when there had been a transplant nephrectomy and the absence of immunosuppression. There was no way of knowing whether we were missing detecting antibodies or if they were not present. The results of this study have important implications with respect to utilizing "unacceptable antigens" in an allocation system for patients awaiting a second transplant.
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85
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Oh H, Lee E, Cho K, Chung B, Yoon S, Hong S. MP-08.16. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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86
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Hong S, Cho K, Oh H, Lee E. MP-10.10. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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87
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Komiya T, Park Y, Modi S, Coxon AB, Oh H, Kaye FJ. Sustained expression of Mect1-Maml2 is essential for tumor cell growth in salivary gland cancers carrying the t(11;19) translocation. Oncogene 2006; 25:6128-32. [PMID: 16652146 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid (MEC) salivary gland tumors arise from a t(11;19) rearrangement which generates a fusion oncogene, Mect1-Maml2, that functions to activate CREB-responsive target genes. To determine if sustained expression of Mect1-Maml2 is required for tumor cell growth, we first showed that ectopic expression of Mect1-Maml2 in rat epithelial RK3E cells is tumorigenic in vivo in nude mice and that excised xenografts continue to express the fusion oncogene. We then generated a hairpin RNAi vector that selectively suppressed the fusion peptide and showed that ectopic expression in either parotid or pulmonary MEC tumor cell lines containing the t(11;19) rearrangement resulted in at least 90% colony growth inhibition. In contrast, single nucleotide changes within this RNAi sequence abolished the ability to suppress Mect1-Maml2 protein and abolished all growth inhibition of these MEC tumor lines. In addition, the RNAi-specific vector had no effect on colony growth of non-MEC tumors including a lung tumor or two other salivary gland cell lines that do not express Mect1-Maml2. We also generated a mutant Mect1-Maml2 expression plasmid that carried silent nucleotide changes within the RNAi target sequence and observed that co-transfection of this mutant, but not wild-type Mect1-Maml2, could partially rescue RNAi growth inhibition in the MEC tumor line. The recent detection of acquired fusion oncogenes in epithelial solid tumors has suggested new possibilities for the diagnosis and therapy of these cancers. Our data show that the 'gain-of-function' activity from aberrant Mect1-Maml2 expression is a candidate therapeutic target for this group of malignant salivary gland tumors.
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88
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Oh H, Bai X, Park Y, Bone JR, Kuroda MI. Targeting dosage compensation to the X chromosome of Drosophila males. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2005; 69:81-8. [PMID: 16117636 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2004.69.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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89
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MacLellan WR, Garcia A, Oh H, Frenkel P, Jordan MC, Roos KP, Schneider MD. Overlapping roles of pocket proteins in the myocardium are unmasked by germ line deletion of p130 plus heart-specific deletion of Rb. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:2486-97. [PMID: 15743840 PMCID: PMC1061608 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.6.2486-2497.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pocket protein family of tumor suppressors, and Rb specifically, have been implicated as controlling terminal differentiation in many tissues, including the heart. To establish the biological functions of Rb in the heart and overcome the early lethality caused by germ line deletion of Rb, we used a Cre/loxP system to create conditional, heart-specific Rb-deficient mice. Mice that are deficient in Rb exclusively in cardiac myocytes (CRbL/L) are born with the expected Mendelian distribution, and the adult mice displayed no change in heart size, myocyte cell cycle distribution, myocyte apoptosis, or mechanical function. Since both Rb and p130 are expressed in the adult myocardium, we created double-knockout mice (CRbL/L p130-/-) to determine it these proteins have a shared role in regulating cardiac myocyte cell cycle progression. Adult CRbL/L p130-/- mice demonstrated a threefold increase in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio and showed increased numbers of bromodeoxyuridine- and phosphorylated histone H3-positive nuclei, consistent with persistent myocyte cycling. Likewise, the combined deletion of Rb plus p130 up-regulated myocardial expression of Myc, E2F-1, and G1 cyclin-dependent kinase activities, synergistically. Thus, Rb and p130 have overlapping functional roles in vivo to suppress cell cycle activators, including Myc, and maintain quiescence in postnatal cardiac muscle.
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90
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Kim S, Park H, Kwon Y, Chung Y, Kim T, Park H, Oh S, Bahn J, Lee J, Oh H, Shin E, Lee J, Chang Y, Kim Y, Cho S, Min K, Kim Y. Association between haplotypes of genetic polymorphisms of IL-13 and GM-CSF and atopy, airway hyperresponsiveness, and atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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91
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Kang TH, Cho H, Oh H, Sohn DH, Kim YC. Flavonol glycosides with free radical-scavenging activity of Saururus chinensis. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:115-7. [PMID: 15664474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An activity-guided fractionation procedure was used to identify the antioxidative components of the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis. The antioxidant activity was investigated with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical- and superoxide anion-scavenging assays. Three active compounds (flavonol glycosides) were identified.
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92
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Yune TY, Lee SM, Kim SJ, Park HK, Oh YJ, Kim YC, Markelonis GJ, Oh H. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Induced by TNF- α Is Regulated Transcriptionally by NF- κB after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2004. [DOI: 10.1089/0897715042664858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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93
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Ahn M, Lee H, Oh H, Lee Y, Kim I, Choi J, Lee G, Shin D, Ahn M. 625 Comparison of gene expression profiles in breast cancer cells treated with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin or etoposide using cDNA microarray. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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94
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Yun YG, Oh H, Oh GS, Pae HO, Choi BM, Kwon JW, Kwon TO, Jang SI, Chung HT. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Mokko Lactone in Human Leukemia HL‐60 Cells: Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death by Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Collapse. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:343-53. [PMID: 15518169 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200026863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of mokko lactone (ML) isolated from the roots of Saussurea lappa (Compositae), a plant that is used for medicinal purposes in Korea, on the induction of apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. ML was cytotoxic to HL-60 cells, and this cytotoxic effect of ML appears to be attributable to its induction of apoptotic cell death, as ML induced nuclear morphologic changes and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and increased the proportion of Annexin V-positive cells and the activity of caspase-3. Further studies revealed that the induction of apoptosis by ML was associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, our results suggest that apoptosis induced by ML in HL-60 cells was executed by a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by the activation of caspase-3. This is the first report on the mechanism of apoptosis-inducing effect of ML.
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95
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Rosenberg JC, Jones B, Oh H. ACCELERATED REJECTION REACTIONS FOLLOWING OFFSPRING-TO-MOTHER AND HUSBAND-TO-WIFE RENAL TRANSPLANTS. Transplantation 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200407271-01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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96
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Saidi RF, Fasola C, El-Ghoroury M, Oh H. Arterial anastomosis disrupton in two kidney recipients of contaminated grafts from a donor with Gorham's syndrome. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:1392-4. [PMID: 15251340 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of donor infections to immunosuppressed recipients may produce serious complications. Here, we report two cases of ruptured renal artery pseudoaneurysm within a few months after renal transplantation from a donor with Gorham's syndrome, a rare disease characterized by proliferation of vascular and lymphatic channels associated with extensive bony destruction. The donor had died of respiratory failure, sepsis, and anoxic brain death due to difficult airway control secondary to a maxillofacial deformity.
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97
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Pae HO, Oh GS, Choi BM, Shin S, Chai KY, Oh H, Kim JM, Kim HJ, Jang SI, Chung HT. Inhibitory effects of the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don. (Bignoniaceae) on the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide by the lipopolisaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 88:287-291. [PMID: 12963157 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to validate the use of the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don. (Bignoniaceae) as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, we have investigated the effects of the methanol extract of this folk medicine on the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) on RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. The extract inhibited the productions of TNF-alpha and NO with significant decreases in mRNA levels of TNF-alpha and inducible NO synthase, suggesting that the stem bark of Catalpa ovata may have therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory disorders.
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Abstract
Several recently developed quinolones have excellent activity against a broad range of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and are thus potential drugs for the treatment of serious anaerobic and mixed infections. Resistance to quinolones is increasing worldwide, but is still relatively infrequent among anaerobes. Two main mechanisms, alteration of target enzymes (gyrase and topoisomerase IV) caused by chromosomal mutations in encoding genes, or reduced intracellular accumulation due to increased efflux of the drug, are associated with quinolone resistance. These mechanisms have also been found in anaerobic species. High-level resistance to the newer broad-spectrum quinolones often requires stepwise mutations in target genes. The increasing emergence of resistance among anaerobes may be a consequence of previous widespread use of quinolones, which may have enriched first-step mutants in the intestinal tract. Quinolone resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group strains is strongly correlated with amino acid substitutions at positions 82 and 86 in GyrA (equivalent to positions 83 and 87 of Escherichia coli). Several studies have indicated that B. fragilis group strains possess efflux pump systems that actively expel quinolones, leading to resistance. DNA gyrase seems also to be the primary target for quinolones in Clostridium difficile, since amino acid substitutions in GyrA and GyrB have been detected in resistant strains. To what extent other mechanisms, such as mutational events in other target genes or alterations in outer-membrane proteins, contribute to resistance among anaerobes needs to be further investigated.
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99
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Pae HO, Oh GS, Choi BM, Seo EA, Oh H, Shin MK, Kim TH, Kwon TO, Chung HT. Induction of apoptosis by 4-acetyl-12,13-epoxyl-9-trichothecene-3,15-diol from Isaria japonica Yasuda through intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and caspase-3 activation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:49-57. [PMID: 12537962 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(02)00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have reported that the trichothecene mycotoxin 4-acetyl-12,13-epoxyl-9-trichothecene-3,15-diol (AETD) from the fruiting bodies of Isaria japonica Yasuda is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. The present study aims to characterize the molecular events leading to AETD-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells (annexin-V-positive cell population) increased dose- and time-dependently after AETD exposure. Apoptosis of HL-60 cells by AETD was associated with the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and the activation of caspase-3. Pretreating the cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC) and the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-fmk abrogated AETD-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. NAC blocked intracellular ROS formation and GSH depletion, but Z-DEVD-fmk did not. These results indicate that AETD induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells by causing intracellular ROS formation and GSH depletion followed by the downstream event of caspase-3 activation.
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100
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Lim CCT, Lee WL, Leo YS, Lee KE, Chan KP, Ling AE, Oh H, Auchus AP, Paton NI, Hui F, Tambyah PA. Late clinical and magnetic resonance imaging follow up of Nipah virus infection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74:131-3. [PMID: 12486285 PMCID: PMC1738187 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.74.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Nipah virus is a newly identified paramyxovirus responsible for an outbreak of fatal encephalitis in Malaysia and Singapore. This paper reports the follow up clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 22 affected subjects. Of 13 patients with encephalitis, one died, one was lost to follow up, and seven recovered. Among the four remaining patients, one had residual sixth nerve palsy, another suffered from severe clinical depression, and a third patient had evidence of retinal artery occlusion. One patient with delayed onset Horner syndrome had a single lesion in the cervical spinal cord. The brain magnetic resonance findings were stable or improved in nine patients over 18 months of follow up. Among a second group of nine asymptomatic seropositive abattoir workers, magnetic resonance examination in seven subjects revealed discrete small lesions in the brain; similar to those detected in encephalitis patients. These findings suggest that in addition to encephalitis, the newly discovered Nipah virus affects the spinal cord and the retina. Late clinical and radiological findings can occur in Nipah virus infections as with other paramyxoviruses.
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