26
|
Samson JA, Mirin SM, Griffin M, Borrelli D, Schildkraut JJ. Urinary MHPG and clinical symptoms in patients with unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res 1994; 51:157-65. [PMID: 8022950 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between levels of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and symptom scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was examined in 31 patients with unipolar depression. Patients with either low MHPG or high MHPG showed significant sleep disturbance in the form of early morning awakening. Patients with mid-range or high MHPG showed decreased work and activities. Endogenomorphy factor scores represented a blend of these findings.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bowden CL, Schatzberg AF, Rosenbaum A, Contreras SA, Samson JA, Dessain E, Sayler M. Fluoxetine and desipramine in major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13:305-11. [PMID: 8227488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of fluoxetine and desipramine were compared in a 6-week double-blind, parallel group study of patients with major depression. Twenty-five were studied while hospitalized for treatment, and 33 were studied as outpatients. Improvement on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was significant for both treatments from week 1 through the end of the study and did not differ between the two treatments at any week. Overall, 64% of fluoxetine-treated patients and 68% of desipramine-treated patients had at least a 50% reduction in Hamilton Depression score. We assessed whether improvement relatively early in treatment was predictive of categorical response at 6 weeks. Among fluoxetine-treated patients, but not desipramine-treated patients, the week 3 change in the Hamilton Depression mood item was significantly predictive of the response at 6 weeks. Patients treated with fluoxetine had significantly fewer side effects than those treated with desipramine. Desipramine, but not fluoxetine, caused a persistent increase in heart rate. The results suggest that early signs of response to fluoxetine are not dependent on achieving steady-state levels of the drug.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rothschild AJ, Samson JA, Bond TC, Luciana MM, Schildkraut JJ, Schatzberg AF. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and 1-year outcome in depression. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 34:392-400. [PMID: 8218607 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90184-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The relationships of longitudinal biological measures to longer-term outcome in depressed patients have not been well explored. This study was designed to investigate whether in a sample of depressed patients: (a) symptomatic and functional outcome at 1 year was significantly different in psychotic major depressed (PMD) patients as compared with nonpsychotic major depressed (NPMD) patients and (b) high urinary or plasma cortisol levels at baseline or 1 year were associated with poorer outcomes at 1 year. Forty-two depressed patients (9 psychotic, 33 nonpsychotic) were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year using a battery of clinical ratings and measures of cortisol. A group of normal, healthy control subjects were similarly evaluated at baseline. At 1-year follow-up, PMD patients did not differ from NPMD patients in their Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores (BPRS), but PMD patients demonstrated significantly poorer social and occupational functioning. Significant correlations were observed (n = 18) between higher levels of urinary and plasma cortisol at 1 year and poorer social and occupational functioning at 1 year, independent of the degree of residual depression. In contrast, baseline measures of urinary and plasma cortisol did not predict social and occupational functioning at 1 year.
Collapse
|
29
|
Rothschild AJ, Samson JA, Bessette MP, Carter-Campbell JT. Efficacy of the combination of fluoxetine and perphenazine in the treatment of psychotic depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54:338-42. [PMID: 8104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the combination of fluoxetine plus perphenazine in the treatment of psychotic depression. METHOD Thirty patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depression with psychotic features were treated with fluoxetine plus perphenazine for 5 weeks. Patients were assessed at baseline and weekly using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and a side-effect checklist that included specific extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects. RESULTS Twenty-two (73%) of the 30 patients had a 50% or greater reduction in total HAM-D by Week 5. There was a significant improvement in HAM-D and BPRS scores at each week compared with baseline scores. Side effects reported by the patients included dry mouth (40%), blurry vision (40%), constipation (40%), tremor or rigidity (40%), and orthostatic hypotension or dizziness (27%). CONCLUSION Fluoxetine when used in combination with perphenazine for the treatment of patients with psychotic depression has a response rate similar to the reported rates of response for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) plus antipsychotics, amoxapine, and electroconvulsive therapy. The side effects produced by the fluoxetine plus perphenazine combination were less than what has been reported for TCA plus antipsychotic treatment of psychotic depression and similar to the side effects reported with amoxapine. These data suggest that the combination of fluoxetine and perphenazine is effective for the treatment of psychotic depression and may be easier for patients to tolerate than a TCA plus antipsychotic.
Collapse
|
30
|
Samson JA, Greene CH, Bartlett RJ. Comment on "Measurement of the ratio of double-to-single photoionization of helium at 2.8 keV using synchrotron radiation". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:201. [PMID: 10054408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
31
|
Samson JA, Bartlett RJ, He ZX. Probability for double photoionization of He and Ne. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:7277-7280. [PMID: 9908063 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
32
|
Bartlett RJ, Walsh PJ, He ZX, Chung Y, Lee EM, Samson JA. Single-photon double ionization of He and Ne. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:5574-5579. [PMID: 9908808 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
33
|
Anderson JL, Vasile RG, Mooney JJ, Bloomingdale KL, Samson JA, Schildkraut JJ. Changes in norepinephrine output following light therapy for fall/winter seasonal depression. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 32:700-4. [PMID: 1457625 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90299-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent fall/winter depressions that remit during spring and summer have been called Seasonal Affective Disorders (SAD) (Wehr and Rosenthal 1989). The pathophysiology of SAD, its relationship to nonseasonal affective disorders, and the mechanism of action of light therapy, which is effective in treating SAD, remain to be elucidated (Depue et al 1989; Jacobsen et al 1987; James et al 1986; Joseph-Vanderpool et al 1991; Skwerer et al 1988, Terman et al 1989). Norepinephrine (NE) may play a role in the mechanisms of action of many antidepressant treatments (Schildkraut 1965) that alter NE metabolism (Schildkraut et al 1964 and 1965) and decrease the urinary output of NE and its metabolites, i.e., "whole-body NE turnover" (WBNET) (Golden et al 1988; Potter et al 1988). The present study explored whether light therapy also reduces the urinary output of NE and its metabolites.
Collapse
|
34
|
Samson JA, Mirin SM, Hauser ST, Fenton BT, Schildkraut JJ. Learned helplessness and urinary MHPG levels in unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:806-9. [PMID: 1590498 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.149.6.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies of the learned helplessness paradigm in laboratory animals show increased central noradrenergic activity following exposure to uncontrollable stressors. In clinical studies, depressed patients as a group report higher perceptions of helplessness and powerlessness. The authors examined the relationship between perceptions of powerlessness and noradrenergic activity in depressed patients. METHOD Twenty drug-free patients (12 women and 8 men) meeting DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder were given the Kobasa Hardiness Questionnaire, which contains subscales measuring feelings of powerlessness, security, and alientation. Concurrently, 24-hour urine samples were collected for measurement of urinary MHPG. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between MHPG levels and total hardiness scores as well as between MHPG levels and total powerlessness scores but not between MHPG levels and total security or total alientation scores. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that depressed patients with high urinary output of MHPG are more likely to show the cognitive features of learned helplessness.
Collapse
|
35
|
Schildkraut JJ, Schatzberg AF, Samson JA, Rosenbaum A, Bowden CL. Norepinephrine output and metabolism in depressed patients during antidepressant treatments. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992; 15 Suppl 1 Pt A:323A-324A. [PMID: 1498855 DOI: 10.1097/00002826-199201001-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
36
|
Samson JA, Chung Y, Lee EM. Autoionization of doubly excited Ne atoms into excited ionic states. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:259-266. [PMID: 9906722 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
37
|
Mooney JJ, Schatzberg AF, Cole JO, Samson JA, Waternaux C, Gerson B, Pappalardo KM, Schildkraut JJ. Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and the depression-type score as predictors of differential responses to antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991; 11:339-43. [PMID: 1770151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatment 24 hr urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels and the Depression-type (D-type) scores (derived from a multivariate discriminant function equation based on levels of urinary catecholamines and metabolites) were examined as possible predictors of antidepressant responses to either imipramine or alprazolam. In the case of imipramine, the responders had significantly lower pretreatment urinary MHPG levels (p = 0.002) and D-type scores (p less than 0.001) than did nonresponders. In contrast, responders to the antidepressant effects of alprazolam had significantly higher pretreatment urinary MHPG levels (p less than 0.05) and D-type scores (p = 0.02) than did nonresponders. For each antidepressant treatment, D-type scores appeared to provide a better separation of responders from nonresponders than did urinary MHPG levels. For each drug, the effect size for the difference in mean log-transformed D-type scores between responders and nonresponders was greater than the effect size for the difference in mean log-transformed MHPG levels. The difference between the effect sizes was statistically significant for imipramine (p = 0.02) and tended toward significance for alprazolam using two-tailed tests. These results suggest that the D-type equation, which was initially derived to separate bipolar manic-depressive depressions from other subgroups of depressive disorders, can also be used to predict differential responses to certain antidepressant drugs in patients with unipolar depressions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Samson JA. Proportionality of electron-impact ionization to double photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 65:2861-2864. [PMID: 10042717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
39
|
Schatzberg AF, Samson JA, Rothschild AJ, Luciana MM, Bruno RF, Bond TC. Depression secondary to anxiety: findings from the McLean Hospital Depression Research Facility. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1990; 13:633-49. [PMID: 2281010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methodologic issues pertinent to the study of depression secondary to anxiety are reviewed. Data on the frequency and temporal sequence of comorbid DSM-III-R anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample from the McLean Hospital Depression Research Facility are presented. Patients with major depression secondary to anxiety are compared with major depressed patients without anxiety on a variety of demographic and clinical variables. Conceptual and practical frameworks are developed for assessing and understanding comorbidity and secondary depression.
Collapse
|
40
|
Samson JA, Angel GC. Double-photoionization studies of Ne, O, and N from threshold to 280 eV. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1990; 42:5328-5331. [PMID: 9904663 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
41
|
Samson JA, Angel GC. Single- and double-photoionization cross sections of atomic nitrogen from threshold to 31. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1990; 42:1307-1312. [PMID: 9904156 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
42
|
Rothschild AJ, Benes F, Hebben N, Woods B, Luciana M, Bakanas E, Samson JA, Schatzberg AF. Relationships between brain CT scan findings and cortisol in psychotic and nonpsychotic depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 26:565-75. [PMID: 2790096 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this report, data are presented on pre- and postdexamethasone cortisol levels, neuropsychological testing, and computed tomography (CT) scan findings in 30 depressed patients (15 psychotic and 15 nonpsychotic). Particularly significant findings were observed when data from the unipolar subgroup (n = 22) were analyzed separately. Unipolar psychotic depressed patients had significantly larger (p less than 0.05) anterior pole and cella media ventricle-to-brain ratios (VBRs) and significantly greater (p less than 0.05) left and right inferior parietal brain "atrophy" than nonpsychotic depressed patients. Higher rates of Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) nonsuppression were observed in psychotic depressed patients and in patients with larger cella VBRs. Inferior parietal brain atrophy and large VBRs were also associated with greater cognitive impairment on psychometric testing. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Schatzberg AF, Samson JA, Bloomingdale KL, Orsulak PJ, Gerson B, Kizuka PP, Cole JO, Schildkraut JJ. Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders. X. Urinary catecholamines, their metabolites, and D-type scores in subgroups of depressive disorders. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1989; 46:260-8. [PMID: 2783211 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810030066009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Data on 24-hour urinary levels of catecholamines and metabolites were determined in 114 depressed patients. For each patient, a D-type score was calculated, using a discriminant function equation that was previously derived using data from an independent group of depressed patients. Of all measures, D-type scores provided the highest sensitivity and specificity for separating bipolar/schizoaffective-depressed patients from all remaining patients or from those patients with unipolar nonendogenous depressions. Using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), bipolar I patients demonstrated significantly lower D-type scores than did all other RDC depressive subtypes, including bipolar II disorders. Similar findings were observed using the Clinical Inventory for the Diagnosis and Classification of Affective Disorders (CIDCAD) system: bipolar/schizoaffective patients demonstrated significantly lower D-type scores than all remaining subtypes, including diagnostically unclassifiable, probable bipolar patients (a category somewhat akin to RDC bipolar II disorder). Data pointed to the heterogeneity of bipolar disorders. Catecholamine and metabolite data in this study were compared with recent studies of others.
Collapse
|
44
|
Angel GC, Samson JA. Total photoionization cross sections of atomic oxygen from threshold to 44.3 A. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:5578-5585. [PMID: 9900294 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
45
|
Samson JA, Angel GC. Test of the threshold law for triple photoionization in atomic oxygen and neon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:1584-1586. [PMID: 10038843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
46
|
Abstract
Outcome studies of schizoaffective disorder have taught us much about the long-term consequences of the syndrome, and they have provided some indication of the potential usefulness of maintaining "schizoaffective disorder" as a diagnostic category separate from schizophrenia and major affective disorder. In a review of outcome studies that compared schizoaffective patients to schizophrenic or affective patients, we found consistent results despite wide variations in diagnostic criteria, length of followup, and demographic characteristics. Global measures of outcome show that schizophrenic patients are more impaired than schizoaffective patients, who in turn are more impaired than affective patients. However, studies of specific outcome domains such as symptomatology, social functioning, and occupational functioning indicate that schizoaffective disorder is heterogeneous and that subtyping by polarity (e.g., schizoaffective-manic vs. schizoaffective-depressed) accounts for some of this variance. The consistency of these findings in the face of methodological variability suggests that it would be premature to classify schizoaffective patients with schizophrenia or affective disorder, but also that strict diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder are at best preliminary and need to be thoroughly validated.
Collapse
|
47
|
Vasile RG, Samson JA, Bemporad J, Bloomingdale KL, Creasey D, Fenton BT, Gudeman JE, Schildkraut JJ. A biopsychosocial approach to treating patients with affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144:341-4. [PMID: 2881492 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.144.3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe the development of an affective disorders consultation service that implemented a biopsychosocial model of subspecialty consultation within a university-affiliated community mental health center. They retrospectively analyzed the first 2 years of consultations, assessing the process of consultation and examining patterns of consultee inquiries and consultation recommendations. Consultants recommended combined psychopharmacologic and psychodynamic therapies for most patients and found psychodynamic psychotherapy strikingly overlooked by consultees, all of whom were psychiatrists or other mental health professionals. This evaluation documents the psychiatric consultees' deemphasis of the biopsychosocial perspective in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
48
|
Angel GC, Samson JA, Williams GP. Relative fluorescent efficiency of sodium salicylate between 90 and 800 eV. APPLIED OPTICS 1986; 25:3312. [PMID: 18235619 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.003312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
49
|
Samson JA, Shefer Y, Angel GC. A critical test of many-body theory: The photoionization cross section of Cl as an example of an open-shell atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 56:2020-2023. [PMID: 10032837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
50
|
Samson JA, Pareek PN. Absolute photoionization cross sections of atomic oxygen. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1985; 31:1470-1476. [PMID: 9895650 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.31.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|