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Park JH, Lee CH, Ham HD, Choi ES, Lee C, Lee S. Analgesic effects of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in an animal model of complex regional pain syndrome. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 25:7051-7057. [PMID: 34859869 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202111_27256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is caused by injuries from fracture after trauma and orthopaedic surgical procedures in the hind limbs. The symptoms of CRPS include warmth, pain, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. It is known that 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptors contribute to hyperalgesia, but their role has not yet been fully elucidated. This study investigated the mechanism of pain relief when a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist was administered in a CRPS animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS To establish a CRPS animal model, 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the experiment. On the fourth week post tibial fracture surgery, we performed the von Frey test to measure mechanical allodynia. After performing behavioural tests, we collected blood and tissue samples after sacrificing the animals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot were also performed. RESULTS The experimental tibia fracture model-induced CRPS animals elicited increased 5-HT3 receptor expression, and the 5-HT transporter was decreased in the brain stem after 4 weeks of surgical intervention. Additionally, in CRPS-induced animals, both the concentration of substance P and the level of interleukin 6 were increased peripherally and centrally. Treatment with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ramosetron, exerted an analgesic effect in the paw withdrawal test and was dependent on the attenuation of the 5-HT3 receptor population with inflammatory pain mediators. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that treatment with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ramosetron, in experimental CRPS animal models alleviated pain-related behaviours and may be a new therapeutic option or potential therapeutic agent for patients with CRPS.
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Kim G, Kim DH, Oh H, Bae S, Kwon J, Kim MJ, Lee E, Hwang EH, Jung H, Koo BS, Baek SH, Kang P, Jung An Y, Park JH, Park JH, Lyoo KS, Ryu CM, Kim SH, Hong JJ. Germinal center-induced immunity is correlated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection but not lung damage. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1861-1872. [PMID: 34718664 PMCID: PMC8643412 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) elicit protective humoral immunity through a combination of antibody-secreting cells and memory B cells, following pathogen invasion or vaccination. However, the possibility of a GC response inducing protective immunity against reinfection following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unknown. We found GC activity was consistent with seroconversion observed in recovered macaques and humans. Rechallenge with a different clade of virus resulted in significant reduction in replicating virus titers in respiratory tracts in macaques with high GC activity. However, diffuse alveolar damage and increased fibrotic tissue were observed in lungs of reinfected macaques. Our study highlights the importance of GCs developed during natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in managing viral loads in subsequent infections. However, their ability to alleviate lung damage remains to be determined. These results may improve understanding of SARS-CoV-2–induced immune responses, resulting in better coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development.
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Ryu B, Son MY, Jung KB, Kim U, Kim J, Kwon O, Son YS, Jung CR, Park JH, Kim CY. Next-Generation Intestinal Toxicity Model of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Enterocyte-Like Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:587659. [PMID: 34604364 PMCID: PMC8481684 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.587659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the most common exposure route of xenobiotics, and intestinal toxicity can result in systemic toxicity in most cases. It is important to develop intestinal toxicity assays mimicking the human system; thus, stem cells are rapidly being developed as new paradigms of toxicity assessment. In this study, we established human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived enterocyte-like cells (ELCs) and compared them to existing in vivo and in vitro models. We found that hESC-ELCs and the in vivo model showed transcriptomically similar expression patterns of a total of 10,020 genes than the commercialized cell lines. Besides, we treated the hESC-ELCs, in vivo rats, Caco-2 cells, and Hutu-80 cells with quarter log units of lethal dose 50 or lethal concentration 50 of eight drugs—chloramphenicol, cycloheximide, cytarabine, diclofenac, fluorouracil, indomethacin, methotrexate, and oxytetracycline—and then subsequently analyzed the biomolecular markers and morphological changes. While the four models showed similar tendencies in general toxicological reaction, hESC-ELCs showed a stronger correlation with the in vivo model than the immortalized cell lines. These results indicate that hESC-ELCs can serve as a next-generation intestinal toxicity model.
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Park DJ, Kim YW, Yang HK, Ryu KW, Han SU, Kim HH, Hyung WJ, Park JH, Suh YS, Kwon OK, Yoon HM, Kim W, Park YK, Kong SH, Ahn SH, Lee HJ. Short-term outcomes of a multicentre randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer (the KLASS-04 trial). Br J Surg 2021; 108:1043-1049. [PMID: 34487147 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remain concerns about the safety and functional benefit of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LPPG) compared with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG). This study evaluated short-term outcomes of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing LPPG with LDG for gastric cancer. METHODS The Korean Laparoendoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study (KLASS)-04 trial was an investigator-initiated, open-label, parallel-assigned, superiority, multicentre RCT in Korea. Patients with cT1N0M0 cancer located in the middle third of the stomach at least 5 cm from the pylorus were randomized to undergo LPPG or LDG. Participants, care givers and those assessing the outcomes were not blinded to group assignment. Outcomes were 30-day postoperative morbidity rate and death at 90 days. RESULTS Some 256 patients from nine institutions were randomized (LPPG 129 patients, LDG 127 patients) between July 2015 and July 2017 and outcomes for 253 patients were analysed. Postoperative complications within 30 days were seen in 19.3 and 15.5 per cent in the LPPG and LDG groups respectively (P = 0·419). Postoperative pyloric stenosis was observed in nine (7.2 per cent) and two (1·5 per cent) patients in the LPPG and LDG groups (P = 0·026) respectively. In multivariable analysis higher BMI was a risk factor for postoperative complications (odds ratio 1·17, 95 per cent c.i. 1·04 to 1·32; P = 0·011). Death at 90 days was zero in both groups. CONCLUSION Postoperative complications and mortality was comparable in patients undergoing LPPG and LDG. Registration number: NCT02595086 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Kim H, Bang J, Baek SH, Park JH. Eliminating murine norovirus, Helicobacter hepaticus, and intestinal protozoa by embryo transfer for an entire mouse barrier facility. Exp Anim 2021; 71:28-35. [PMID: 34456201 PMCID: PMC8828400 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens can affect physiological and immunological reactions in immunocompromised animals and genetically engineered mice. Specifically, murine norovirus (MNV),
Helicobacter, and intestinal protozoa are prevalent in rodent laboratory facilities worldwide. In this study, microbiological test results of the soiled bedding of
sentinel mice showed the prevalence of MNV (50.9%, 28/55), Helicobacter hepaticus (29.1%, 16/55), Trichomonas spp. (14.5%, 8/55), and
Entamoeba spp. (32.7%, 18/55). No single infections were detected as all cases were confirmed to have complex infections with two or four pathogens. In previous studies,
the success rate of the cross-fostering method was not perfect; therefore, in this study, the entire mouse strain of the SPF rodent facility was rederived using embryo transfer. For up to
three years, we confirmed that the results were negative with regular health surveillance tests. Embryo transfer was, thus, determined to be an effective method for the rederivation of
specific pathogen free (SPF) barrier mouse facilities. This is the report for the effectiveness of embryo transfer as an example of successful microbiological clean-up of a mouse colony with
multiple infections in an entire SPF mouse facility and embryo transfer may be useful for rederiving.
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Hong SH, Oh H, Park YW, Kwak HW, Oh EY, Park HJ, Kang KW, Kim G, Koo BS, Hwang EH, Baek SH, Park HJ, Lee YS, Bang YJ, Kim JY, Bae SH, Lee SJ, Seo KW, Kim H, Kwon T, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim E, Kim Y, Park JH, Park SI, Gonçalves M, Weon BM, Jeong H, Nam KT, Hwang KA, Kim J, Kim H, Lee SM, Hong JJ, Nam JH. Immunization with RBD-P2 and N protects against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabg7156. [PMID: 34049881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), various vaccines are being developed, with most vaccine candidates focusing on the viral spike protein. Here, we developed a previously unknown subunit vaccine comprising the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein fused with the tetanus toxoid epitope P2 (RBD-P2) and tested its efficacy in rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs). We also investigated whether the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) could increase vaccine efficacy. Immunization with N and RBD-P2 (RBDP2/N) + alum increased T cell responses in mice and neutralizing antibody levels in rats compared with those obtained using RBD-P2 + alum. Furthermore, in NHPs, RBD-P2/N + alum induced slightly faster SARS-CoV-2 clearance than that induced by RBD-P2 + alum, albeit without statistical significance. Our study supports further development of RBD-P2 as a vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Also, it provides insights regarding the use of N in protein-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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Sheen SS, Kim HJ, Singh D, Hwang SC, Park KJ, Ahn SV, Lee E, Park B, Jung JH, Park RW, Kim JH, Park HS, Park JH. Airflow limitation as a risk factor for vascular stiffness. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:577-584. [PMID: 32552994 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and atherosclerosis is a cause of cardiac comorbidities in COPD. However, it is not clear whether airflow limitation is associated with atherosclerosis irrespective of smoking.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether airflow limitation is independently associated with vascular stiffness.METHODS: We enrolled 18 893 participants (male 70.5%; mean age 47.5 ± 9.8 years; never smokers 44.2%) who underwent spirometry and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as part of a standard health examination at Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, South Korea, from January 2010 to December 2015.We defined vascular peripheral atherosclerosis as baPWV ≥ 1400 cm/s and airflow limitation as pre-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%.RESULTS: Mean baPWV was higher in subjects with airflow limitation (1477.6 ± 331.7 cm/sec, n = 638) than in those without airflow limitation (1344.1 ± 231.8 cm/sec, n = 18255, P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following were independent predictors associated with peripheral atherosclerosis (P < 0.05): age, male sex, fasting serum glucose, mean blood pressure, serum leukocyte count, serum low density lipoprotein level and FEV1.CONCLUSION: Airflow limitation was an independent predictor of vascular stiffness irrespective of smoking history, which suggests that airflow limitation is linked with atherosclerosis.
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Lee JM, Kim U, Lee BH, Chang SN, Song J, Ryu B, Park JH. Toxicity Assessment of Transfluthrin, Benzyl Butyl Phthalate, and 17β-Estradiol on the Primary Fibroblast of the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2021; 40:65-79. [PMID: 33822518 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2021036845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution (EP) is a well-known threat to wild animals, but its toxicological impact is poorly understood. In vitro toxicity evaluation using cells of lower predators could be a promising way to assess and monitor the effects of EPs on whole wildlife populations that are related in the food web. Here, we describe EPs' toxic effect and mechanism in the primary fibroblast derived from the embryo of the striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius. Characterization of the primary fibroblast was via morphology, genetics, immunocytochemistry, and stable culture conditions for optimal toxicity screening. Cell viability assays-MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-were performed to observe cytotoxicity, and quantitative PCR was conducted to confirm gene alteration by EP exposure. MTT and LDH assays confirmed the cytotoxicity of transfluthrin (TF), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and 17β-estradiol (E2) with IC50 values of 10.56 μM, 10.82 μM, and 24.08 μM, respectively, following 48-h exposures. mRNA expression of androgen-binding protein, growth hormone receptor, cytochrome C oxidase, and cytochrome P450-1A1 was induced after exposure to TF, BBP, and E2. We unveiled new EP mechanisms at the mammalian cellular level and discovered potential biomarker genes for monitoring of EPs. Based on our findings, we propose the primary fibroblast of A. agrarius as a valuable model to assess the toxicological effects of EP on wildlife.
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Kim U, Shin C, Kim CY, Ryu B, Kim J, Bang J, Park JH. Albendazole exerts antiproliferative effects on prostate cancer cells by inducing reactive oxygen species generation. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:395. [PMID: 33777218 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives are used for their antihelmintic properties, but have also been reported to exert anticancer effects. In the present study, the anticancer effects of albendazole on prostate cancer cells were assessed using proliferation, clonogenic and migration assays. To investigate the anticancer mechanisms of albendazole, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured, and the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and Wnt/β-catenin signaling was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Albendazole selectively inhibited the proliferation of the PC3, DU145, LNCaP and AT2 prostate cancer cell lines at concentrations that did not affect the proliferation of a normal prostate cell line (RWPE-1). Albendazole also inhibited the colony formation and migration of PC3 and DU145 cells, as well as inducing ROS production. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX), one of the sources of ROS, decreased basal ROS levels in the PC3 and DU145 cells, but did not reduce albendazole-associated ROS production, suggesting that ROS production following albendazole treatment was NOX-independent. The anticancer effect was decreased when albendazole-induced ROS was reduced by treatment with antioxidants (glutathione and N-acetylcysteine). Furthermore, albendazole decreased the mRNA expression of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2, which regulates antioxidant activity against ROS, as well as the antioxidant enzymes catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 1 and 3. Albendazole also decreased the mRNA expression of catenin β1 and transcription factor 4, which regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its associated targets, Twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 and BCL2. The albendazole-related decrease in the expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins was thought to be associated with ROS production. These results suggest that the antihelmintic drug, albendazole, has inhibitory effects against prostate cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, albendazole may potentially be used as a novel anticancer agent for prostate cancer.
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Park JH, Jung J, Kim JY, Hong MJ, Kim EO, Jo KW, Shim TS, Kim SH. Airborne precautions based on Xpert ® MTB/RIF results for patients with presumptive TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:244-246. [PMID: 33688817 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lee JM, Kim U, Yang H, Ryu B, Kim J, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Park JH. TALEN-mediated generation of Nkx3.1 knockout rat model. Prostate 2021; 81:182-193. [PMID: 33368416 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments in gene editing, using transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), have greatly helped the generation of genetically engineered animal models. The NK3 homeobox 1 (NKX3.1) protein plays important roles in prostate development and protein production, and functions as a tumor suppressor. Recently, NKX3.1 was shown to be associated with breast cancer in humans. METHODS Our aim was to create a new rat model to elucidate the functions of NKX3.1. To that end, we generated Nkx3.1 knockout rats using TALENs and analyzed their phenotype. TALEN-mediated Nkx3.1 knockout was confirmed by T7 endonuclease I (T7E1) assay and DNA sequencing. Prostate weight and fertility were evaluated in the knockout rats, besides determining the proportion of epithelial cells and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes associated with carcinogenesis. Breast tumors were examined by histopathology. RESULTS Results suggested Nkx3.1 knockout rats have reduced fertility, decreased prostate weights, and increased epithelial cell layers. The mRNA expression of genes related to prostate carcinogenesis, namely Ar, Akt, and Pi3k, also increased. Moreover, the Nkx3.1 knockout rats often developed malignant breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS We, therefore, successfully created the first Nkx3.1 knockout rat model, using TALEN-mediated gene targeting, and used it to identify defects associated with Nkx3.1 deficiency, not previously observed in mice. Loss of Nkx3.1 in rats led to lower reproductive capacity, and decreased prostate weights, apart from the risk of developing breast cancer. We, thus, proposed Nkx3.1 knockout rats as reliable models for studying the role of NKX3.1 in decreased prostate weights, fertility, and breast cancer, as well as in prostate cancer.
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Sureshkumar S, Park JH, Kim IH. Effects of the Inclusion of Dietary Organic Acid Supplementation with Anti-Coccidium Vaccine on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, and Chicken Fecal Noxious Gas Emissions. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Han M, Ha EJ, Park JH. Computer-Aided Diagnostic System for Thyroid Nodules on Ultrasonography: Diagnostic Performance Based on the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Classification and Dichotomous Outcomes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 42:559-565. [PMID: 33361374 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnostic systems have been introduced for thyroid cancer diagnosis. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic performance of a commercially available computer-aided diagnostic system and radiologist-based assessment for the detection of thyroid cancer based on the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADS) and dichotomous outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 372 consecutive patients with 454 thyroid nodules were enrolled. The computer-aided diagnostic system was set up to render a possible diagnosis in 2 formats, the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (K)-TIRADS and the American Thyroid Association (ATA)-TIRADS-classifications, and dichotomous outcomes (possibly benign or possibly malignant). RESULTS The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the computer-aided diagnostic system for thyroid cancer were, respectively, 97.6%, 21.6%, 42.0%, 93.9%, and 49.6% for K-TIRADS; 94.6%, 29.6%, 43.9%, 90.4%, and 53.5% for ATA-TIRADS; and 81.4%, 81.9%, 72.3%, 88.3%, and 81.7% for dichotomous outcomes. The sensitivities of the computer-aided diagnostic system did not differ significantly from those of the radiologist (all P > .05); the specificities and accuracies were significantly lower than those of the radiologist (all P < .001). Unnecessary fine-needle aspiration rates were lower for the dichotomous outcome characterizations, particularly for those performed by the radiologist. The interobserver agreement for the description of K-TIRADS and ATA-TIRADS classifications was fair-to-moderate, but the dichotomous outcomes were in substantial agreement. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic performance of the computer-aided diagnostic system varies in terms of TIRADS classification and dichotomous outcomes and relative to radiologist-based assessments. Clinicians should know about the strengths and weaknesses associated with the diagnosis of thyroid cancer using computer-aided diagnostic systems.
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Walker PM, Hirayama Y, Lane GJ, Watanabe H, Dracoulis GD, Ahmed M, Brunet M, Hashimoto T, Ishizawa S, Kondev FG, Litvinov YA, Miyatake H, Moon JY, Mukai M, Niwase T, Park JH, Podolyák Z, Rosenbusch M, Schury P, Wada M, Watanabe XY, Liang WY, Xu FR. Properties of ^{187}Ta Revealed through Isomeric Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:192505. [PMID: 33216598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.192505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass-separated ^{187}Ta_{114} in a high-spin isomeric state has been produced for the first time by multinucleon transfer reactions, employing an argon gas-stopping cell and laser ionization. Internal γ rays revealed a T_{1/2}=7.3±0.9 s isomer at 1778±1 keV, which decays through a rotational band with perturbations associated with the approach to a prolate-oblate shape transition. Model calculations show less influence from triaxiality compared to heavier elements in the same mass region. The isomer-decay reduced E2 hindrance factor f_{ν}=27±1 supports the interpretation that axial symmetry is approximately conserved.
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Oh J, Lee RW, Lee HR, Lee SB, Ju HJ, Park J, Park HR, Park JH, Hann SK, Almurayshid A, Shin J, Kang HY, Bae JM, Oh SH. Classification of facial and truncal segmental vitiligo and its clinical courses including recurrence rate and patterns: a retrospective review of 956 patients. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:750-753. [PMID: 33131051 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Koo BS, Oh H, Kim G, Hwang EH, Jung H, Lee Y, Kang P, Park JH, Ryu CM, Hong JJ. Transient Lymphopenia and Interstitial Pneumonia With Endotheliitis in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Macaques. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1596-1600. [PMID: 32745172 PMCID: PMC7454693 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a reliable primate model is critical for developing therapeutic advances to treat humans infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we exposed macaques to high titers of SARS-CoV-2 via combined transmission routes. We observed acute interstitial pneumonia with endotheliitis in the lungs of all infected macaques. All macaques had a significant loss of total lymphocytes during infection, which were restored over time. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 causes a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like disease in macaques. This new model could investigate the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system to test therapeutic strategies.
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Kim J, Ryu B, Kim U, Kim CH, Hur GH, Kim CY, Park JH. Improved human hematopoietic reconstitution in HepaRG co-transplanted humanized NSG mice. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32336318 PMCID: PMC7526976 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.9.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Kim JY, Choi H, Park JH, Jung HD, Jung YS. Effects of anti-resorptive drugs on implant survival and peri-implantitis in patients with existing osseointegrated dental implants: a retrospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1749-1758. [PMID: 32367226 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effect of anti-resorptive drug (ARD) usage among patients with successful dental implant osseointegration is controversial. This study showed an increased risk of implant failure in ARD users. Risk factors included pre-existing marginal bone loss, overdenture, diabetes, and a short interval between implant placement and ARD administration. INTRODUCTION This retrospective study aimed to determine whether anti-resorptive drug (ARD) usage increased risk of implant failure among patients with successful implant osseointegration. Additionally, the study investigated risk factors that affected implant survival rate in ARD users. METHODS Eighty ARD users with 344 implants who had more than 12 months of follow-up from the initiation of ARD treatment during the period between 2008 and 2017 were included, along with 80 non-ARD users from the same period. The primary outcome was dental implant survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used for survival analysis. RESULTS Average follow-up was 85.3 months. Implant survival rates were 89.83% in ARD users and 96.03% in non-ARD users. In the univariate Cox proportional hazard model, risk of implant failure was significantly higher in patients with pre-existing marginal bone loss (MBL), diabetes, and concurrent bone augmentation. However, risk of implant failure was significantly lower when the interval between implant placement and ARD administration was < 36 months. Compared with overdenture, single crown and fixed splinted users had lower risk of implant failure. In multivariate analysis, variables including pre-existing MBL, diabetes, < 36-month interval between implant placement and ARD treatment, and usage of fixed splinted prosthesis were significantly associated with increased risk of implant failure. CONCLUSIONS ARD administration after implant osseointegration was correlated with a reduced implant survival rate. Pre-existing MBL, diabetes, type of final prosthesis, and the interval between implant placement and initiation of ARD administration influenced risk of implant failure.
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Ryu B, Choi SW, Lee SG, Jeong YH, Kim U, Kim J, Jung CR, Chung HM, Park JH, Kim CY. Development and evaluation of next-generation cardiotoxicity assay based on embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32336319 PMCID: PMC7473479 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.8.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with requirements of the ICH S7B safety pharma-cology guidelines, numerous next-generation cardiotoxicity studies using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are being conducted globally. Although several stem cell-derived CMs are being developed for commercialization, there is insufficient research to verify if these CMs can replace animal experiments. In this study, in vitro high-efficiency CMs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-CMs) were compared with Sprague-Dawley rats as in vivo experimental animals, and primary cultured in vitro rat-CMs for cardiotoxicity tests. In vivo rats were administrated with two consecutive injections of 100 mg/kg isoproterenol, 15 mg/kg doxorubicin, or 100 mg/kg nifedipine, while in vitro rat-CMs and hESC-CMs were treated with 5 µM isoproterenol, 5 µM doxorubicin, and 50 µM nifedipine. We have verified the equivalence of hESC-CMs assessments over various molecular biological markers, morphological analysis. Also, we have identified the advantages of hESC-CMs, which can distinguish between species variability, over electrophysiological analysis of ion channels against cardiac damage. Our findings demonstrate the possibility and advantage of high-effi-ciency hESC-CMs as next-generation cardiotoxicity assessment.
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Jeong YH, Kim U, Lee SG, Ryu B, Kim J, Igor A, Kim JS, Jung CR, Park JH, Kim CY. Vitrification for cryopreservation of 2D and 3D stem cells culture using high concentration of cryoprotective agents. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32843026 PMCID: PMC7449025 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitrification is the most promising technology for successful cryopreservation of living organisms without ice crystal formation. However, high concentrations (up to ~ 6-8 M) of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) used in stem cell induce osmotic and metabolic injuries. Moreover, the application of conventional slow-freezing methods to cultures of 3-D organoids of stem cells in various studies, is limited by their size. RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the effect of high concentrations of CPAs including cytotoxicity and characterized human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) at single cell level. The cell viability, cellular damage, and apoptotic mechanisms as well as the proliferation capacity and multipotency of cells subjected to vitrification were similar to those in the slow-freezing group. Furthermore, we identified the possibility of vitrification of size-controlled 3-D spheroids for cryopreservation of organoid with high survivability. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate successful vitrification of both single cell and spheroid using high concentration of CPAs in vitro without cytotoxicity.
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Park JH, Choi DY, Park H, Lee KW, Cho JA. Oxytocin modulates immunostatus, metabolic state and gut microbiome. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1117-1124. [PMID: 32668897 DOI: 10.23812/19-496-l-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim U, Kim CY, Lee JM, Ryu B, Kim J, Bang J, Ahn N, Park JH. Loss of glutathione peroxidase 3 induces ROS and contributes to prostatic hyperplasia in Nkx3.1 knockout mice. Andrology 2020; 8:1486-1493. [PMID: 32450005 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3) protects cells from oxidative stress, and its reduced expression in human prostate cancer has been reported. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that Gpx3 might play an important role in the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a pre-cancerous state of the prostate, and aimed to highlight the underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following double-knockout mice Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3+/+, Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3+/-, Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3-/- were produced. Randomly divided animals were weighed, and their genitourinary tract (GUT) weights were determined after euthanasia at 4, 8, and 12 months. The mRNA expression of the genes involved in oxidative stress and Wnt signaling was analyzed in the prostate. Histopathology, ROS, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also measured. RESULTS Loss of Gpx3 did not affect body weight and GUT weight in Nkx3.1 knockout mice. The mRNA expression of SOD3, iNOS, Hmox, and CISD2, which are associated with oxidative stress, was increased in Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3-/- mice at 4 months but decreased at 8 and 12 months. There was no change in β-catenin and its targets associated with Wnt signaling. Increased ROS and decreased SOD activity were observed in Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3-/- mice at 12 months of age. The histopathologic score and epithelium thickness were increased, and lumen area was decreased in Gpx3 knockout mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Gpx3 loss increased the hyperplasia of PIN in the pre-cancerous stage of the prostate. Loss of Gpx3 induced oxidative stress. Histopathologically, no invasive carcinoma was identified, and Gpx3 loss did not increase Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further research on the role of GPX3 in the transition of PIN to invasive carcinoma is needed. We show, for the first time, that the antioxidant enzyme GPX3 plays a vital role in inhibiting hyperplasia in the PIN stage of the prostate gland in vivo.
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Gallego-Hernandez AL, DePas WH, Park JH, Teschler JK, Hartmann R, Jeckel H, Drescher K, Beyhan S, Newman DK, Yildiz FH. Upregulation of virulence genes promotes Vibrio cholerae biofilm hyperinfectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11010-11017. [PMID: 32355001 PMCID: PMC7245069 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916571117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae remains a major global health threat, disproportionately impacting parts of the world without adequate infrastructure and sanitation resources. In aquatic environments, V. cholerae exists both as planktonic cells and as biofilms, which are held together by an extracellular matrix. V. cholerae biofilms have been shown to be hyperinfective, but the mechanism of hyperinfectivity is unclear. Here we show that biofilm-grown cells, irrespective of the surfaces on which they are formed, are able to markedly outcompete planktonic-grown cells in the infant mouse. Using an imaging technique designed to render intestinal tissue optically transparent and preserve the spatial integrity of infected intestines, we reveal and compare three-dimensional V. cholerae colonization patterns of planktonic-grown and biofilm-grown cells. Quantitative image analyses show that V. cholerae colonizes mainly the medial portion of the small intestine and that both the abundance and localization patterns of biofilm-grown cells differ from that of planktonic-grown cells. In vitro biofilm-grown cells activate expression of the virulence cascade, including the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), and are able to acquire the cholera toxin-carrying CTXФ phage. Overall, virulence factor gene expression is also higher in vivo when infected with biofilm-grown cells, and modulation of their regulation is sufficient to cause the biofilm hyperinfectivity phenotype. Together, these results indicate that the altered biogeography of biofilm-grown cells and their enhanced production of virulence factors in the intestine underpin the biofilm hyperinfectivity phenotype.
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Cho BH, Cheon K, Lee KY, Jung YH, Han SW, Park JH, Choi HY, Cho HJ, Park HJ, Nam HS, Heo JH, Lee HS, Kim S, Kim YD. Association between body mass index and stroke severity in acute ischaemic stroke with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1672-1679. [PMID: 32392368 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and both initial stroke severity at presentation and functional outcomes after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS Patients were categorized on the basis of their BMI into underweight (BMI <18.5, n = 111), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI <25, n = 1036) and overweight to obese (BMI ≥25, n = 472) groups. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge. The differences in stroke severity and functional outcomes were compared between groups using robust log-linear regression with a Poisson distribution and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1619 AIS patients with NVAF from six hospitals were included. Compared with the NIHSS scores [median 5, interquartile range (IQR) 2-14] of normal-weight patients, the NIHSS scores (median 9, IQR 4-19) of underweight patients were more likely to be higher, whereas those of overweight to obese patients were lower (median 4, IQR 1-12) (P < 0.001). In terms of functional outcomes after stroke, underweight patients had a higher risk of poor functional outcomes (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.56, P = 0.01) but overweight to obese patients had no significant difference in functional outcomes compared with normal-weight patients. CONCLUSION An inverse association was found between BMI and stroke severity in AIS patients with NVAF. This suggests the presence of an obesity paradox for short-term outcomes in patients with NVAF.
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Song J, Han D, Lee H, Kim DJ, Cho JY, Park JH, Seok SH. A Comprehensive Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Reveals Multiple Pathway Alterations in Response to the Inflammatory Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093037. [PMID: 32344885 PMCID: PMC7246457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming and persistent inflammation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) induces destructive changes in the retinal environment. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate RPE-specific biological and metabolic responses against intense inflammation and identify the molecular characteristics determining pathological progression. We performed quantitative analyses of the proteome and phosphoproteome of the human-derived RPE cell line ARPE-19 after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 45 min or 24 h using the latest isobaric tandem-mass tags (TMTs) labeling approach. This approach led to the identification of 8984 proteins, of which 261 showed a 1.5-fold change in abundance after 24 h of treatment with LPS. A parallel phosphoproteome analysis identified 20,632 unique phosphopeptides from 3207 phosphoproteins with 3103 phosphorylation sites. Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses showed significant downregulation of proteins related to mitochondrial respiration and cell cycle checkpoint, while proteins related to lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cell-matrix adhesion, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were upregulated after LPS stimulation. Further, phosphorylation events in multiple pathways, including MAPKK and Wnt/β-catenin signalings, were identified as involved in LPS-triggered pathobiology. In essence, our findings reveal multiple integrated signals exerted by RPE under inflammation and are expected to give insight into the development of therapeutic interventions for RPE disorders.
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