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Stromdahl EY, Randolph MP, O'Brien JJ, Gutierrez AG. Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) infection in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2000; 37:349-356. [PMID: 15535577 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/37.3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is a sometimes fatal, emerging tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis. It is frequently misdiagnosed because its symptoms mimic those of the flu. Current evidence indicates that Amblyomma americanum (L.), the lone star tick, is the major vector of HME. To determine if E. chaffeensis is present in ticks at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, questing A. americanum ticks were collected from 33 sites. Nucleic acid was extracted from 34 adult and 81 nymphal pools. Sequences diagnostic for E. chaffeensis from three different loci (16S rRNA, 120-kDa protein, and a variable-length polymerase chain reaction [PCR] target, or VLPT) were targeted for amplification by the PCR. Fifty-two percent of the collection sites yielded pools infected with E. chaffeensis, confirming the presence and widespread distribution of E. chaffeensis at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Analysis with the both the 120-kDa protein primers and the VLPT primers showed that genetic variance exists. A novel combination of variance for the two loci was detected in two tick pools. The pathogenic implications of genetic variation in E. chaffeensis are as yet unknown.
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Ririe DG, O'Brien JJ. Sevoflurane use in Tetralogy of Fallot: is it the best choice? Paediatr Anaesth 2000; 10:227-9. [PMID: 10787272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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O'Brien LC, Cao H, O'Brien JJ. The Near-Infrared Transition of CuCl Observed by Intracavity Laser Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2000; 199:100-108. [PMID: 10712876 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.1999.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The near-infrared electronic transition of CuCl, occurring in the region of 745 nm, was recorded using intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy. The (0, 0), (1, 1), and (2, 2) vibronic bands were analyzed, and from this the molecular constants for the two electronic states were derived. Originally assigned as A' (3)Sigma(+)-X(1)Sigma(+), we have confirmed that this transition does not connect to the ground state, but occurs between two unknown excited states. The excited CuCl molecules were produced in a copper hollow cathode, operated using argon and a small amount of CCl(4). Line positions were referenced to iodine spectra observed from a heated extracavity cell using the broadband spectral output of the intracavity laser as the light source. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Morey SL, Shriver JF, O'Brien JJ. The effects of Halmahera on the Indonesian throughflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bourassa MA, Zamudio L, O'Brien JJ. Noninertial flow in NSCAT observations of Tehuantepec winds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jc900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gastinger MJ, O'Brien JJ, Larsen NB, Marshak DW. Histamine immunoreactive axons in the macaque retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40:487-95. [PMID: 9950609 PMCID: PMC3342641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of these experiments was to identify the neurotransmitter in centrifugal axons of the macaque retina. METHODS Macaca mulatta retinas and optic nerves were fixed overnight in carbodiimide and labeled with an antiserum to histamine with the use of an immunofluorescence technique. RESULTS Several large histamine-immunoreactive axons ran from the optic nerve head to the peripheral retina, where they branched extensively and terminated in the inner plexiform layer, occasionally alongside retinal blood vessels. Other axons that emerged from the optic nerve head ran in the optic fiber layer to the central retina, circled the fovea, and then returned to the optic disc. These may be the source of histamine-immunoreactive axons that have been observed in central visual areas. No labeled cell bodies were present in the retina. Because perikarya in the posterior hypothalamus are the only known source of histamine in the primate central nervous system and because neurons there can be retrogradely labeled from the cut optic nerve, the histamine-immunoreactive axons must have originated there. CONCLUSIONS Centrifugal axons in the macaque retina are part of the system of axons containing histamine that originate in the hypothalamus and project throughout the brain. Because the activity of these neurons is highest during the morning, histamine might play a role in preparing the retina to operate in daylight. The contacts of histamine-immunoreactive axons with blood vessels suggest that histamine may also play a role in regulating the retinal microvasculature.
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Murphy SJ, Hurlburt HE, O'Brien JJ. The connectivity of eddy variability in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jc900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mask AC, O'Brien JJ, Preller R. Wind-driven effects on the Yellow Sea Warm Current. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jc900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meyers SD, Melsom A, Mitchum GT, O'Brien JJ. Detection of the fast Kelvin wave teleconnection due to El Niño-Southern Oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jc02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kayes SG, Shaneyfelt RC, Monteiro C, O'Brien JJ. Overproduction of SM28GST in a baculovirus expression vector and its use to evaluate the in vivo immune responses of mice vaccinated against Schistosoma mansoni with naked DNA encoding the SM28GST gene. J Parasitol 1998; 84:764-70. [PMID: 9714208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the immune responses of mice vaccinated intramuscularly with naked DNA encoding a single parasite-derived gene, sufficient quantities of protein are necessary for use in the immunological assays. A plasmid carrying the cDNA encoding the entire sequence for the 28-kDa Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm28GST) was used as a source of naked DNA to vaccinate mice. Using polymerase chain reaction employing custom primers to add Eco RI and Hind III restriction sites at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, a 651-bp fragment was amplified from the vaccine plasmid. This product was isolated, ligated into the pFastBac HTb donor plasmid containing a 6X histidine (6X-his) tag, and transposed into the baculovirus expression vector system. Following blue white selection screening, high molecular weight DNA was isolated and transfected in Sf21 insect ovary cells using a liposomal preparation. Culture medium containing infective virus particles was used to infect a series of Sf21 cultures and the cells were lysed after 3-5 days. The lysates were subjected to immobilized metal (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography from which the 6X-his-tagged recombinant Sm28GST was eluted in 250 mM imidazole. The eluted protein was probed with a polyclonal rabbit antibody specific for the Sm28GST and subsequently recognized using a monoclonal antibody specific for the 6X-his tag following concentration of the pooled fractions. Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with purified plasmid DNA encoding either the Sm28GST or firefly luciferase. Skin tests performed using recombinant Sm28GST were positive in only those mice vaccinated with naked DNA encoding the Sm28GST gene. In a different group of experimental mice, only sera from mice vaccinated with naked DNA encoding Sm28GST contained IgG-specific anti-Sm28GST antibodies at 14 days postvaccination, and at 42 days the levels were suggestive of an anamnestic response. These results suggest that naked DNA vaccination of mice is capable of inducing both antigen-specific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against Sm28GST and further strengthen the case for this antigen being a vaccine candidate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/blood
- Antigens, Helminth/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Baculoviridae/genetics
- DNA, Helminth/administration & dosage
- DNA, Helminth/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genetic Vectors
- Glutathione Transferase/biosynthesis
- Glutathione Transferase/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/immunology
- Helminth Proteins
- Immunity, Cellular
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Plasmids
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Schistosoma mansoni/enzymology
- Schistosoma mansoni/genetics
- Schistosoma mansoni/immunology
- Schistosomiasis mansoni/prevention & control
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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O'Brien JJ, Butterworth J, Hammon JW, Morris KJ, Phipps JM, Stump DA. Cerebral emboli during cardiac surgery in children. Anesthesiology 1997; 87:1063-9. [PMID: 9366457 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199711000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microemboli occur commonly during cardiac surgery in adults, and, when present, increase the risk of neuropsychological deficits. Their incidence and significance during correction of congenital heart disease is unknown. The authors hypothesized that microemboli would occur before bypass with right-to-left cardiac shunts and would also occur in large numbers when the aortic crossclamp was released in children during repair of congenital heart defects. METHODS In 25 children studied with carotid artery Doppler, embolic signals were counted and timed in relation to 13 intraoperative events. Patients were classified as either at high risk (obligate right-to-left shunt or uncorrected transposition of the great arteries) or at low risk (net left-to-right shunt or simple obstructive lesions) for paradoxical (venous to arterial) emboli. RESULTS The median number of emboli detected was 122 (range, 2-2,664). Forty-two percent of all emboli were detected within 3 min of release of the aortic crossclamp. The high-risk group had significantly more emboli (median, 66; range, 0-116) during the time interval before cardiopulmonary bypass than did the low-risk group (median, 8; range, 0-73), with P < 0.01. There was no significant difference between the high- and low-risk groups in the total number of emboli detected. There was no apparent association between number of emboli and gross neurologic deficits. CONCLUSIONS Microemboli can be detected in the carotid arteries of children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease and are especially prevalent immediately after release of the aortic crossclamp. The role of emboli in causing neurologic injury in children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease remains to be determined.
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O'Brien JJ. The discriminatory value of the blood nitrogen:creatinine ratio in localizing gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:1777. [PMID: 9382034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kachanov AA, Stoeckel F, Charvat AS, O'Brien JJ. Intracavity laser absorption measurements at ultrahigh spectral resolution. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:4062-4068. [PMID: 18253427 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.004062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy with ultrahigh sensitivity and enhanced spectral resolution is demonstrated. It entails use of an intracavity étalon that selects equally spaced modes of the cavity. These modes are reduced in intensity when they occur at spectral locations where absorption that is due to intracavity species also occurs. We obtained absorption spectra by tuning the étalon in small steps across its free spectral range, recording intracavity spectra at each step, and summing the result. The maximum resolution is determined by the width of the étalon peaks, which was ~0.01 cm(-1). When the finesse of the étalon is increased, the resolution equal to the width of a single laser mode can be achieved. With this technique, spectra at Doppler-free resolution such as that required for studies of high vibrational-overtone transitions of molecules in supersonic jets are possible.
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O'Brien JJ, Glasgow A, Lydon P. Endoscopic balloon-assisted abdominoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99:1462-3. [PMID: 9105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Bourassa MA, Freilich MH, Legler DM, Liu WT, O'Brien JJ. Wind observations from new satellite and research vessels agree. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97eo00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jones WB, O'Brien JJ. Pseudo-spectral methods and linear instabilities in reaction-diffusion fronts. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 1996; 6:219-228. [PMID: 12780250 DOI: 10.1063/1.166167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We explore the application of a pseudo-spectral Fourier method to a set of reaction-diffusion equations and compare it with a second-order finite difference method. The prototype cubic autocatalytic reaction-diffusion model as discussed by Gray and Scott [Chem. Eng. Sci. 42, 307 (1987)] with a nonequilibrium constraint is adopted. In a spatial resolution study we find that the phase speeds of one-dimensional finite amplitude waves converge more rapidly for the spectral method than for the finite difference method. Furthermore, in two dimensions the symmetry preserving properties of the spectral method are shown to be superior to those of the finite difference method. In studies of plane/axisymmetric nonlinear waves a symmetry breaking linear instability is shown to occur and is one possible route for the formation of patterns from infinitesimal perturbations to finite amplitude waves in this set of reaction-diffusion equations. (c) 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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Bensky AS, O'Brien JJ, Hammon JW. Transesophageal echo probe compression of an aberrant right subclavian artery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995; 8:964-6. [PMID: 8611304 DOI: 10.1016/s0894-7317(05)80028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is frequently used in the operating room to assess surgical repairs in children with congenital heart disease. Complications from the procedure are unusual, but the potential for TEE probe compression of normal and abnormal posterior vascular structures has been recognized. We report a case of TEE probe compression of an aberrant right subclavian artery in a patient undergoing repair of an atrioventricular septal defect.
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Hammond KW, Snowden M, Risse SC, Adkins TG, O'Brien JJ. An effective computer-based tardive dyskinesia monitoring system. Am J Med Qual 1995; 10:133-7. [PMID: 7549594 DOI: 10.1177/0885713x9501000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To promote early recognition and treatment of neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia we used our facility's pharmacy and appointment data bases to develop an automated reminder system that significantly improved physician monitoring of patients receiving antipsychotic drug therapy. The system prompts staff to perform regular examinations for abnormal involuntary movements and to review patients' consent to therapy with antipsychotic medication. The average prevalences in the 15 months after automated reminders began, in a population of over 800 patients, increased from 53% to 85% for an annually completed abnormal involuntary movement scale in medical records and from 38 to 74% for a statement of informed consent. Now, 45 months later, prevalences of both measures approaches 100%. The integrated design of the Department of Veterans Affairs computer system allowed linking pharmacy and appointment scheduling data and facilitated the project. The reminder system effectively promoted rapid, marked, and sustained change in physicians' documentation of antipsychotic drug therapy.
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Müller D, O'Brien JJ. Shallow water waves on the rotating sphere. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 51:4418-4431. [PMID: 9963155 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.51.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Lipp MJ, O'Brien JJ. Temperature and population measurements of n = 2 hydrogen atoms in H2RF discharges from Hα (Balmer) spectral profiles obtained by intracavity laser spectroscopy. Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00391-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Verschell MA, Kindle JC, O'Brien JJ. Effects of Indo-Pacific throughflow on the upper tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jc02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kelly BG, Meyers SD, O'Brien JJ. On a generating mechanism for Yanai waves and the 25-day oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jc02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hammond KW, Snowden M, Adkins T, O'Brien JJ. Computerized TD reminders. HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY 1994; 45:1043-4. [PMID: 7829045 DOI: 10.1176/ps.45.10.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Müller D, Kelly BG, O'Brien JJ. Spheroidal eigenfunctions of the tidal equation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:1557-1560. [PMID: 10056823 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Hoffman BJ, Cunningham JT, Marsh WH, O'Brien JJ, Watson J. An in vitro comparison of biofilm formation on various biliary stent materials. Gastrointest Endosc 1994; 40:581-3. [PMID: 7988822 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(94)70257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stent occlusion may occur as the result of bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. This occlusion may be prompted by the material or design of the stents. In this study, a bile perfusion model was used to compare the biofilm formation on various stent materials. The copolymer and the wire mesh stents demonstrated less biofilm formation than the traditional stent. The development of new polymers may prolong stent patency.
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