51
|
Parks B, Spielman S, Orenstein J, Nemeth DT, Ludwig F, Clarke J, Merchant P, Lew DJ. Phase-sensitive measurements of vortex dynamics in the terahertz domain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:3265-3268. [PMID: 10058153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
52
|
Kouwenhoven LP, Jauhar S, Orenstein J, McEuen PL, Nagamune Y, Motohisa J, Sakaki H. Observation of photon-assisted tunneling through a quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:3443-3446. [PMID: 10057382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
53
|
Spielman S, Parks B, Orenstein J, Nemeth DT, Ludwig F, Clarke J, Merchant P, Lew DJ. Observation of the quasiparticle Hall effect in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7- delta. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:1537-1540. [PMID: 10056818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
54
|
Huang LM, Joshi A, Willey R, Orenstein J, Jeang KT. Human immunodeficiency viruses regulated by alternative trans-activators: genetic evidence for a novel non-transcriptional function of Tat in virion infectivity. EMBO J 1994; 13:2886-96. [PMID: 8026473 PMCID: PMC395170 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen genetically altered HIV-1 proviruses were created. These various genomes can be segregated into three groups: (i) a set of tat(-) viruses that have a functional HTLV-I Tax inserted in nef; (ii) a set of tat(-) viruses with Gal4 binding sites inserted in U3 and a Gal4-VP16 cDNA inserted in nef; and (iii) a set of tat(+) HIV genomes that are 5' and 3' TAR(-) and are Gal4-binding-site(+) in U3 and Gal4-VP16(+) in nef. We found that viruses in groups (i) and (ii), although tat(-), were fully complemented for viral gene expression based on quantitative measurements of viral protein synthesis and on the visualization by electron microscopy of the proper assembly of morphologically correct virions. Interestingly, group (i) and (ii) virions were defective in a spreading cytopathic infection when assayed in T-lymphocytes. Group (iii) viruses, although capable of producing intact Tat protein, also could not use Tat for transcription/gene expression because of the TAR(-) genotype. However, this class of viral genomes produced viruses that were highly infectious and cytopathic in primary and in continuously propagated T-lymphocytes. These three groups of viruses are all transcriptionally Tat-TAR independent. Their distinct differences in infectivity/cytopathicity provide genetic evidence that Tat provides a transcriptionally independent function in determining infectivity and cytopathicity in the setting of a spreading viral infection. Given that all HIV virions normally contain four intact copies of TAR RNA, our findings suggest a re-examination of whether Tat could be a virion-TAR-associated protein and the possible implications of this for virus infectivity/cytopathicity.
Collapse
|
55
|
Stanley SK, McCune JM, Kaneshima H, Justement JS, Sullivan M, Boone E, Baseler M, Adelsberger J, Bonyhadi M, Orenstein J. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of the human thymus and disruption of the thymic microenvironment in the SCID-hu mouse. J Exp Med 1993; 178:1151-63. [PMID: 8376927 PMCID: PMC2191215 DOI: 10.1084/jem.178.4.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in immunosuppression and depletion of circulating CD4+ T cells. Since the thymus is the primary organ in which T cells mature it is of interest to examine the effects of HIV infection in this tissue. HIV infection has been demonstrated in the thymuses of infected individuals and thymocytes have been previously demonstrated to be susceptible to HIV infection both in vivo, using the SCID-hu mouse, and in vitro. The present study sought to determine which subsets of thymocytes were infected in the SCID-hu mouse model and to evaluate HIV-related alterations in the thymic microenvironment. Using two different primary HIV isolates, infection was found in CD4+/CD8+ double positive thymocytes as well as in both the CD4+ and CD8+ single positive subsets of thymocytes. The kinetics of infection and resulting viral burden differed among the three thymocyte subsets and depended on which HIV isolate was used for infection. Thymic epithelial (TE) cells were also shown to endocytose virus and to often contain copious amounts of viral RNA in the cytoplasm by in situ hybridization, although productive infection of these cells could not be definitively shown. Furthermore, degenerating TE cells were observed even without detection of HIV in the degenerating cells. Two striking morphologic patterns of infection were seen, involving either predominantly thymocyte infection and depletion, or TE cell involvement with detectable cytoplasmic viral RNA and/or TE cell toxicity. Thus, a variety of cells in the human thymus is susceptible to HIV infection, and infection with HIV results in a marked disruption of the thymic microenvironment leading to depletion of thymocytes and degeneration of TE cells.
Collapse
|
56
|
Westervelt P, Henkel T, Trowbridge DB, Orenstein J, Heuser J, Gendelman HE, Ratner L. Dual regulation of silent and productive infection in monocytes by distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 determinants. J Virol 1992; 66:3925-31. [PMID: 1533883 PMCID: PMC241183 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.6.3925-3931.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and replication in primary monocytes was investigated by mutagenesis of recombinant proviral clones containing an env determinant required for the infectivity of monocytes. Virus replication was assayed by determination of reverse transcriptase activity in culture fluids and by recovery of virus from monocytes following cocultivation with uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Three virus replication phenotypes were observed in monocytes: productive infection, silent infection, and no infection. Incorporation of the monocytetropic env determinant in a full-length clone incapable of infection or replication in primary monocytes (no infection) conferred the capacity for highly efficient virus replication in monocytes (productive infection). Clones with the env determinant but lacking either functional vpr or vpu genes generated lower replication levels in monocytes. Mutation of both vpr and vpu, however, resulted in nearly complete attenuation of virus replication in monocytes, despite subsequent virus recovery from infected monocytes by cocultivation with uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (silent infection). These findings indicate a central role for the "accessory" genes vpu and vpr in productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in monocytes and indicate that vpu and vpr may be capable of functional complementation.
Collapse
|
57
|
Chappell ET, Guthrie BL, Orenstein J. The role of stereotactic biopsy in the management of HIV-related focal brain lesions. Neurosurgery 1992; 30:825-9. [PMID: 1614581 DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199206000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The criteria for brain biopsy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain unclear and without universal acceptance. In order to shed more light on this issue, the authors reviewed the records of 25 AIDS patients with focal cerebral lesions who consecutively underwent stereotactic biopsy between November 1988 and October 1990. The most frequently occurring diagnoses were lymphoma (36%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (24%), and toxoplasmosis (8%). Patients whose central nervous system disease resulted in their initial presentation (approximately 40%) survived a median of 37 weeks, as opposed to 6 weeks for those who had previous AIDS-related infections. The proportion of biopsies of contrast-enhancing lesions that were diagnostic and thereby contributed to the patients' therapeutic management was 87.5%. On the other hand, only 67% of the biopsies of nonenhancing lesions were diagnostic, and none of these lesions were treatable. All of the lymphoma patients had had AIDS for some time and, despite a reasonable preoperative Karnofsky score and postoperative radiation therapy, their median survival was only 6 weeks; however, biopsy was critical to their therapeutic management. Early brain biopsy, rather than empiric antitoxoplasmosis therapy, appears indicated for aggressive therapy of contrast-enhancing lesions in patients who have had previous manifestations of AIDS. The role for biopsy of nonenhancing lesions is less clear, but it may provide prognostic information.
Collapse
|
58
|
Sato H, Orenstein J, Dimitrov D, Martin M. Cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 occurs within minutes and may not involve the participation of virus particles. Virology 1992; 186:712-24. [PMID: 1370739 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90038-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although virus infections have been classically studied with "cell-free" virion preparations, many animal viruses are able to spread both in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell-cell fusion. An efficient system to monitor the cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 has been developed employing chronically infected H9 donor cells. Under appropriate conditions of cocultivation with uninfected cells, the synthesis of unintegrated viral DNA, monitored by Southern blot hybridization, occurred between 2 and 4 hr following infection; viral proteins were detected 8 to 12 hr following cocultivation and progeny virions were released into the medium by 16 hr. The use of metabolic inhibitors or specific envelope/receptor antibodies revealed that the cell-to-cell spread of HIV required: (1) gp120-CD4 interaction and (2) reverse transcription. Light and electron microscopy, fluorescent dye redistribution, and soluble CD4 competition experiments all demonstrated that the HIV-induced cell-cell fusion began within 10 to 30 min of cocultivation. Surprisingly, the electron microscopic analyses also suggested that budding or mature virus particles did not participate in this process. Thus the virus-induced cell-cell fusion observed is very likely the result of gp120/gp41 proteins, on the surface of infected cells, interacting with CD4 molecules on uninfected cells. These findings are of immediate importance in understanding the mechanism(s) of HIV-1 transmission in vivo and for the design of effective vaccines and antiviral agents.
Collapse
|
59
|
Federici JF, Greene BI, Rapkine DH, Orenstein J. Thermally activated infrared-active vibrational mode in BaBiO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:8617-8619. [PMID: 9996498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
60
|
Cooper SL, Thomas GA, Millis AJ, Sulewski PE, Orenstein J, Rapkine DH, Cheong SW, Trevor PL. Optical studies of gap, exchange, and hopping energies in the insulating cuprates. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:10785-10788. [PMID: 9995349 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
61
|
Orenstein J, Thomas GA, Millis AJ, Cooper SL, Rapkine DH, Timusk T, Schneemeyer LF, Waszczak JV. Frequency- and temperature-dependent conductivity in YBa2Cu3O6+x crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:6342-6362. [PMID: 9994716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.6342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
62
|
Cooper SL, Thomas GA, Orenstein J, Rapkine DH, Millis AJ, Cheong SW, Cooper AS, Fisk Z. Growth of the optical conductivity in the Cu-O planes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:11605-11608. [PMID: 9993591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
63
|
Abstract
Recognition that organic solids possess some of the largest all-optical nonlinearities of all known materials has resulted in an interdisciplinary effort directed at both the basic understanding and exploitation of these effects. Parallel efforts on ionrganic semiconductors have already reached a mature stage whereby the origin of the effects, together with the prospects for device applications, are well known and appreciated. In this article, a unified picture of nonlinear optical phenomena in both classes of materials is presented. The specific implications for organic-based optical devices are discussed.
Collapse
|
64
|
Cooper SL, Thomas GA, Orenstein J, Rapkine DH, Capizzi M, Timusk T, Millis AJ, Schneemeyer LF, Waszczak JV. Properties of optical features in YBa2Cu3O7- delta. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:11358-11361. [PMID: 9991717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.11358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
65
|
Eilbott DJ, Peress N, Burger H, LaNeve D, Orenstein J, Gendelman HE, Seidman R, Weiser B. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in spinal cords of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with myelopathy: expression and replication in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:3337-41. [PMID: 2717618 PMCID: PMC287127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord disease is common in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and a characteristic vacuolar myelopathy is present at autopsy in approximately one-fourth of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Pathologic examination of the spinal cord shows vacuolation of white matter and infiltration by macrophages, a process distinct from HIV-1 encephalopathy. To determine the presence and localization of HIV-1 RNA in the spinal cords of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with vacuolar myelopathy, we used the technique of combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining on the same slide. Spinal cord tissue sections were stained with markers for macrophages, endothelial cells, oligodendroglia, astrocytes, and myelin and then hybridized in situ with HIV-1-specific RNA probes. Combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining on three spinal cords showed HIV-1 expression in mononuclear and multinucleated macrophages localized mainly to areas of myelopathy in spinal cord white matter. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy showed myelin within macrophages and electron microscopy revealed HIV-1 budding from macrophages. These data suggest a role for HIV-1-infected macrophages locally in the pathogenesis of vacuolar myelopathy and add to the body of evidence that these cells play a role systemically in the development of HIV-1-related disease.
Collapse
|
66
|
Thomas GA, Orenstein J, Rapkine DH, Capizzi M, Millis AJ, Bhatt RN, Schneemeyer LF, Waszczak JV. Ba2YCu3O7- delta : Electrodynamics of crystals with high reflectivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:1313-1316. [PMID: 10038760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
67
|
Greene BI, Mueller JF, Orenstein J, Rapkine DH, Schmitt-Rink S, Thakur M. Phonon-mediated optical nonlinearity in polydiacetylene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:325-328. [PMID: 10039302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
68
|
Orenstein J, Rapkine DH. Comment on "Excitonic absorption and superconductivity in YBa2Cu. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 60:968. [PMID: 10037906 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
69
|
Folks TM, Justement J, Kinter A, Schnittman S, Orenstein J, Poli G, Fauci AS. Characterization of a promonocyte clone chronically infected with HIV and inducible by 13-phorbol-12-myristate acetate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.140.4.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study has investigated the effect of PMA, an inducer of monocyte differentiation, on HIV expression in a chronically infected promonocyte clone. After acute HIV infection of U937 cells, clones that constitutively expressed varying levels of HIV were isolated by limiting dilution. One clone (U1) produced low levels of HIV but was found to increase its production 20-fold after PMA induction, as detected by reverse transcriptase or A capture. Further characterization of U1 indicated that PMA could induce cellular differentiation and maturation in the clone similar to that in uninfected U937 cells. In addition, functional studies revealed that superoxide anion production from the U1 clone was not different from that of uninfected U937 cells. Electron microscopic studies of U1 indicated that PMA induced endocytotic vesicles containing many HIV particles. These studies provide a model at the clonal level to 1) examine latency or chronicity of HIV infection in monocytes and 2) delineate the signals required for conversion to high level viral expression.
Collapse
|
70
|
Folks TM, Justement J, Kinter A, Schnittman S, Orenstein J, Poli G, Fauci AS. Characterization of a promonocyte clone chronically infected with HIV and inducible by 13-phorbol-12-myristate acetate. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1988; 140:1117-22. [PMID: 2449497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study has investigated the effect of PMA, an inducer of monocyte differentiation, on HIV expression in a chronically infected promonocyte clone. After acute HIV infection of U937 cells, clones that constitutively expressed varying levels of HIV were isolated by limiting dilution. One clone (U1) produced low levels of HIV but was found to increase its production 20-fold after PMA induction, as detected by reverse transcriptase or A capture. Further characterization of U1 indicated that PMA could induce cellular differentiation and maturation in the clone similar to that in uninfected U937 cells. In addition, functional studies revealed that superoxide anion production from the U1 clone was not different from that of uninfected U937 cells. Electron microscopic studies of U1 indicated that PMA induced endocytotic vesicles containing many HIV particles. These studies provide a model at the clonal level to 1) examine latency or chronicity of HIV infection in monocytes and 2) delineate the signals required for conversion to high level viral expression.
Collapse
|
71
|
Orenstein J, Thomas GA, Rapkine DH, Bethea CG, Levine BF, Batlogg B, Cava RJ, Johnson DW, Rietman EA. Correlation between superconductivity and optical excitations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:8892-8894. [PMID: 9942739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.8892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
72
|
Orenstein J, Thomas GA, Rapkine DH, Bethea CG, Levine BF, Cava RJ, Rietman EA, Johnson DW. Normal-state gap transition in Cu-O superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:729-732. [PMID: 9942094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
73
|
Greene BI, Orenstein J, Millard RR, Williams LR. Nonlinear optical response of excitons confined to one dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 58:2750-2753. [PMID: 10034840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
74
|
Greene B, Orenstein J, Millard R, Williams L. Picosecond relaxation dynamics in polydiacetylene-pTS. Chem Phys Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(87)80577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
75
|
Robins L, Orenstein J, Superfine R. Observation of the triplet excited state of a conjugated-polymer crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 56:1850-1853. [PMID: 10032792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
76
|
Abstract
Single cardiac myocytes and skeletal myocyte fragments, devoid of interstitial collagen but with intact glycocalyx, were prepared by mechanical disaggregation of hamster ventricular myocardium and caudal gracilis muscle, respectively. Passive stiffness was studied by examining the sarcomere length-tension relationship over the approximate Eulerian stress range of 0-20 mN/mm2 for cardiac myocytes and 0-120 mN/mm2 for skeletal myocytes. Creep and stress-relaxation became apparent only when cells were stretched to sarcomere lengths close to, or exceeding, 2.2 micron for the cardiac myocytes, and 2.7 micron for the skeletal myocytes. Stress-relaxation and creep occurred simultaneously, suggesting that the sarcomere is at least one of the structural components responsible for viscoelasticity. The differential strain stiffness constant was calculated from the regression of natural stress [Ln(mN/mm2)] against differential strain [(L-Lo)/Lo] and found to be 7.48 +/- 1.73 for the ventricular myocytes and 5.77 +/- 0.87 for the skeletal myocyte fragments. The natural strain stiffness constant was obtained from the regression of natural stress against natural strain [Ln(L/Lo)]. The natural strain stiffness constant was 30-50% higher than the differential strain constant. The high correlation coefficients obtained for both regressions indicate that the length-tension relationships for these isolated cardiac and skeletal myocytes can be very closely fitted to the single exponential function, sigma = C X exp[K(epsilon)]. The length-tension curves obtained for the skeletal myocyte fragments are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those obtained by others with intact skeletal muscle. The cardiac myocyte length-tension curves are qualitatively, but not quantitatively, similar to those obtained with cardiac muscle. Isolated ventricular myocytes are stiffer than similarly isolated skeletal myocytes. These findings suggest that cellular structures contribute to myocardial stiffness in the hamster.
Collapse
|
77
|
|
78
|
Monroe D, Orenstein J, Kastner M. DENSITY OF STATES IN THE GAP OF a-As2Se3BY PHOTOCURRENT TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1051/jphyscol:19814121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
79
|
|
80
|
|
81
|
Orenstein J, Shelton E, Lazzarini RA. Association of ribosomes with intracellular vesicular stomatitis virus particles. J Virol 1975; 16:447-52. [PMID: 168410 PMCID: PMC354683 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.16.2.447-452.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are observed intimately associated with nucleocapsids of vesicular, stomatitis virus, especially those that line structures that are either cytoplasmic vesicles or invaginations of the plasma membrane.
Collapse
|