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Cho KH, Kim JH, Ha YS, Murakami G, Cho BH, Abe S. Development of the deep flexor tendons and lumbricalis muscle in the hand and foot: a histological study using human mid-term foetuses. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2012; 71:154-163. [PMID: 22936550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To revisit foetal development of the deep flexor tendons of the hand and foot, we examined the paraffin-embedded histology of 20 mid-term foetuses at 8-15 weeks of estimated gestational age (35-118 mm crown-rump length or CRL). At 8-9 weeks, in front of the metacarpal bones, the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles provided a plate-like, common tendon from which the lumbricalis muscles originated. However, in the foot, we had no evidence of such a common tendon. The flexor pollicis tendon was separated from the common tendon at 9-10 weeks possibly due to mechanical stress from the laterally growing thumb. Notably, at the lumbricalis muscle origins at 10-12 weeks, the FDP and flexor digitorum longus tendons remained undifferentiated and the primitive tenocytes were dispersed from them. The dispersed cells seemed to develop into an interface tissue between the lumbricalis muscle fibre and the deep tendon. In 3 of 5 specimens at 15 weeks, we found an excess number of the FDP tendons (5-7) in the proximal side of the lumbricalis muscle origin. However, the excess tendons dispersed in the lumbricalis muscle origin. The development of the lumbricalis muscle origin might follow the tendon splitting for four fingers. However, conversely, we hypothesised that the developing lumbricalis muscles re-arranged the deep flexor tendons to provide a configuration of one deep tendon per one finger (or toe). The quadrates plantae muscle seemed not to contribute on the re-arrangement.
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Ma SL, Joung JY, Lee S, Cho KH, No KT. PXR ligand classification model with SFED-weighted WHIM and CoMMA descriptors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 23:485-504. [PMID: 22591167 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2012.665385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding which type of endogenous and exogenous compounds serve as agonists for the nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR) would be valuable for drug discovery and development, because PXR regulates a large number of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism. Although several models have been proposed to classify human PXR activators and non-activators, models with better predictability are necessary for practical purposes in drug discovery. Grid-weighted holistic invariant molecular (G-WHIM) and comparative molecular moment analysis (G-CoMMA) type 3D descriptors that contain information about the solvation free energy of target molecules were developed. With these descriptors, prediction models built using decision tree (DT)-, support vector machine (SVM)-, and Kohonen neural network (KNN)-based models exhibited better predictability than previously proposed models. Solvation free energy density-weighted G-WHIM and G-CoMMA descriptors reveal new insights into PXR ligand classification, and incorporation with machine learning methods (DT, SVM, KNN) exhibits promising results, especially SVM and KNN. SVM- and KNN-based models exhibit accuracy around 0.90, and DT-based models exhibit accuracy around 0.8 for both the training and test sets.
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Seo EY, Lee DH, Lee Y, Cho KH, Eun HC, Chung JH. Microarray analysis reveals increased expression of ΔNp63α in seborrhoeic keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:337-42. [PMID: 21967648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seborrhoeic keratoses (SKs) are very common benign epidermal lesions without malignant potential. Ultraviolet radiation, old age and viruses are well-known risk factors for disease development. However, the pathomechanisms of SK are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES To detect and characterize the genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of SK. METHODS We performed a gene expression study using paired lesional and nonlesional skin samples from patients with SK. RESULTS We identified and validated 19 differentially expressed genes in SK. Of these 19 genes, we focused on p63 transcription factor, which plays a pivotal role in epidermal development by regulating its transcriptional programme. We found by immunofluorescence that the expression of ΔNp63α, the most abundantly expressed p63 isoform, was significantly increased in SK as compared with normal skin. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ΔNp63 led to the downregulation of 11 genes, including a member of the tensin family TNS4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that TNS4 was a target gene of p63. CONCLUSIONS We identified upregulated genes in SK using genome-wide cDNA microarray and elucidated the functional contribution of p63 to the disease transcriptome by gene-silencing assay. Taken together, these data may provide a novel insight into the molecular basis of these benign skin lesions.
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Park SK, Lee IS, Choi JY, Cho KH, Suh KJ, Lee JW, Song JW. CT and MRI of fibrous dysplasia of the spine. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:996-1001. [PMID: 22167510 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/81329736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to present the CT and MRI findings of patients with fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the spine. METHODS Among the patients with pathologically proven skeletal FD, 12 (8 males and 4 females; mean age, 43 years) who were evaluated with either spine CT or MRI were included. The number and location of the involved vertebral segments, the presence of lytic lesions, ground-glass opacity (GGO), an expansile nature, cortical disruption, a sclerotic rim, a decrease in body height and contour deformity were examined on CT scans (n=12), while signal intensity, enhancement patterns and the presence of a dark signal rim on the lesion were examined using MRI (n=9). RESULTS Nine patients had polyostotic FD, including one with an isolated spinal localisation, while three had monostotic FD. An expansile nature (n=3) and osteolytic lesions with GGO (n=3) were seen. On CT images, GGO was noted in all patients. An expansile nature (n=11) and presence of lytic lesions (n=11) were noted. A decrease in body height (n=9) and sclerotic rim formation (n=9) were indicated. Contour deformities were visible in six patients. The MRI findings were non-specific. Dark signal rims were visible on MRI in seven patients. CONCLUSION Typical imaging findings of extraspinal FD were noted on spine CT scans. These characteristic CT imaging findings of spinal FD may be helpful in differentiating FD from other common spine diseases.
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Kim HS, Jee WH, Ryu KN, Cho KH, Suh JS, Cho JH, Choi YS, Lee SM, Lee JM, Sung MS, Kim JY, Jung ES, Chung YG, Ok IY. MRI of chondromyxoid fibroma. Acta Radiol 2011; 52:875-80. [PMID: 21835889 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2011.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign primary bone tumor of cartilage. Despite a characteristic radiographic appearance, chondromyxoid fibroma with atypical radiographic findings may mimic more common tumors. PURPOSE To describe the MR findings of chondromyxoid fibroma. MATERIAL AND METHODS MR images of 19 histopathologically confirmed chondromyxoid fibromas were retrospectively analyzed for signal intensity, periosteal reaction, adjacent abnormal bone marrow and soft tissue signal, and patterns of contrast enhancement. RESULTS All cases of chondromyxoid fibroma showed hypointense to intermediate signal intensity and internal hyperintense foci were observed in seven (37%) cases on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, all lesions were hyperintense: peripheral intermediate signal band with central hyperintense signal in 11 (58%) of 19 lesions, whereas diffusely hyperintense with heterogeneous pattern in eight (42%). Periosteal reaction was observed in 11 (58%) of 19 cases. Adjacent abnormal bone marrow or soft tissue signal was observed in 12 (63%) or 14 (74%) of 19 cases, respectively. On contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, peripheral nodular enhancement was observed in 69% (11/16) and diffuse contrast enhancement was observed in 31% (5/16) with homogeneous (n = 3) or heterogeneous (n = 2) patterns. Among the cases with peripheral nodular enhancement, the peripheral nodular enhancing portion generally corresponded to the peripheral intermediate signal band on T2-weighted images, although the peripheral enhancement was not as wide as a band of intermediate signal intensity. On the other hand, the central non-enhancing portion generally corresponded to the central hyperintense signal intensity on T2-weighted images. CONCLUSION The helpful features of chondromyxoid fibroma are the peripheral intermediate signal band and central hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images, generally corresponding to the peripheral nodular enhancement and central non-enhancing portion on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, respectively.
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Kim M, Huh CH, Cho KH, Cho S. A study on the prognostic value of clinical and surgical features of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in Korean patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:964-71. [PMID: 21790797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare spindle cell tumour with locally aggressive characteristics. Only few studies on the epidemiology of DFSP in Asians have been reported. OBJECTIVES : The purpose of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of DFSP in Korean patients and determine the prognostic factors that affect disease-free survival. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with primary or recurrent DFSP between 2000 and 2009 at three Seoul National University Hospitals. Patient, tumour and treatment factors were analysed for local recurrence-free survival. RESULTS We analysed data for 65 patients, of whom 36 (55.4%) were female. The mean age at disease onset was 34.4 years with 50% aged between 20 and 40 years. Involved sites were most often on the trunk (66.1%). Among the 65 patients, 60 patients underwent wide excision; seven patients (10.8%) experienced local recurrence during 3.6 years of follow-up. The recurrence-free survival was significantly related to the microscopic resection margins (P = 0.005), clinical presentation (P = 0.002) and frequency of recurrence (P = 0.014) in the univariate analysis. There were three cases with metastasis, two of whom died because of progression of the disease despite continuous chemotherapy with imatinib mesylate. CONCLUSIONS We report the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of DFSP in Korea. Patients with recurrent disease at presentation and frequent recurrence have a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, and therefore close observation is needed in these patients.
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Lee JW, Kim DH, Park KY, Han TY, Li K, Seo SJ, Hong CK, Cho KH. An erythematous plaque on the neck. Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (MF), stage IVA(T1N3M0). Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:685-7. [PMID: 21771016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yun SY, Cho KH, Lee HM, Lee DH, Choi YH. A Case of Cardiac Arrest Caused by Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791001700313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many women experience dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and peripheral oedema during pregnancy, and diagnosing cardiac problem is confounded by these signs and symptoms of normal pregnancy. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare life-threatening cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology that occurs between the last month of pregnancy and the first 5 months postpartum in previously healthy woman. Multiparity, twins, advanced maternal age, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and black race are known risk factors. The course of PPCM can range from readily treatable to acutely fatal. We present a lady with dyspnoea in the peripartum period admitted in cardiac arrest as a result of PPCM.
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Lee DH, Choi YH, Cho KH, Lee HM, Yun SY. Convulsion Due to Meningoencephalitis in Hepatitis a Virus Infection. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791001700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection usually has a self-limited clinical course and sometimes remains subclinical. HAV infection rarely causes neurologic problems. There are only a few case reports on seizure and meningoencephalitis associated with serologically confirmed hepatitis A infection. We report a case of a 27-year-old man admitted to the emergency department due to confusion after an episode of generalised tonic convulsion. Laboratory test results included AST 441 units/L and ALT 1294 units/L. A diagnosis of hepatitis A was confirmed by the finding of serum IgM-HAV antibody. HAV infection should be considered one of the aetiologies of meningoencephalitis.
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Yoon W, Park MS, Cho KH. Low-dose intra-arterial urokinase and aggressive mechanical clot disruption for acute ischemic stroke after failure of intravenous thrombolysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:161-4. [PMID: 19713319 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intravenous (IV) thrombolysis often fails to achieve recanalization of occluded cerebral arteries, especially in patients with proximal large arterial occlusions. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of low-dose intra-arterial (IA) urokinase and aggressive mechanical clot disruption (AMCD) after failure of IV thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 12 patients with acute ischemic stroke who initially received IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and were subsequently treated with combined low-dose IA urokinase and AMCD. Time to treatment, urokinase dose, duration of the procedure, recanalization rates, and symptomatic hemorrhage were analyzed. Clinical outcome measures were assessed on admission and at discharge (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), and at 3 months after treatment (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]). RESULTS Median NIHSS score on admission was 17. Median time from symptom onset to IV rtPA was 120 minutes, and median time from symptom onset to IA therapy was 230 minutes. The median duration of IA therapy was 55 minutes. Median dose of urokinase was 300,000 U. Recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia grade II or III) was achieved in all patients. No procedure-related complications were observed. There was no symptomatic hemorrhage. At discharge, median NIHSS score was 3. The 3-month outcome was excellent (mRS, 0-1) in 8 patients, good (mRS, 2) in 1 patient, and poor (mRS, 3-5) in 3 patients. There was no hospital or 3-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS In this study, combination therapy with low-dose IA urokinase and AMCD is safe and effective after failed IV thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. A high rate of recanalization, low rate of symptomatic hemorrhage, and excellent functional outcome can be achieved.
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Cho KH, Lee SM, Lee YH, Suh KJ. Ultrasound diagnosis of either an occult or missed fracture of an extremity in pediatric-aged children. Korean J Radiol 2009; 11:84-94. [PMID: 20046499 PMCID: PMC2799655 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2010.11.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report and assess the usefulness of ultrasound (US) findings for occult fractures of growing bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS For six years, US scans were performed in children younger than 15 years who were referred with trauma-related local pain and swelling of the extremities. As a routine US examination, the soft tissue, bones, and adjacent joints were examined in the area of discomfort, in addition to the asymptomatic contralateral extremity for comparison. Twenty-five occult fractures in 25 children (age range, five months-15 years; average age, 7.7 years) were confirmed by initial and follow-up radiograms, additional imaging studies, and clinical observation longer than three weeks. RESULTS The most common site of occult fractures was the elbow (n = 9, 36%), followed by the knee (n = 7, 28%), ischium (n = 4, 16%), distal fibula (n = 3, 12%), proximal femur (n = 1, 4%), and humeral shaft (n = 1, 4%). On the retrograde review of the routine radiographs, 13 out of the 25 cases showed no bone abnormalities except for various soft tissue swelling. For the US findings, cortical discontinuity (direct sign of a fracture) was clearly visualized in 23 cases (92%) and was questionable in two (8%). As auxiliary US findings (indirect signs of a fracture), step-off deformities, tiny avulsed bone fragments, double-line appearance of cortical margins, and diffuse irregularity of the bone surfaces were identified. CONCLUSION Performing US for soft tissue and bone surfaces with pain and swelling, with or without trauma history in the extremities, is important for diagnosing occult or missed fractures of immature bones in pediatric-aged children.
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Lee JH, Lee HS, Eun HC, Cho KH. Successful treatment of dandruff with 1.5% ciclopirox olamine shampoo in Korea. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/jdt.14.4.212.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee HM, Cho KH, Choi YH, Yoon SY, Choi YH. Can you deliver accurate tidal volume by manual resuscitator? Emerg Med J 2008; 25:632-4. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2007.053678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim MS, Kim YK, Lee DH, Seo JE, Cho KH, Eun HC, Chung JH. Acute exposure of human skin to ultraviolet or infrared radiation or heat stimuli increases mast cell numbers and tryptase expression in human skin in vivo. Br J Dermatol 2008; 160:393-402. [PMID: 18795915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are key effector cells in diverse immunological and pathological processes. It is still unclear why there are more mast cells at peripheral and sun-exposed skin sites than at sun-protected sites. OBJECTIVES To investigate changes in mast cell numbers associated with natural ageing and photoageing, and to observe the effects of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation and heat on the prevalence of mast cells and tryptase expression in human skin in vivo. METHODS Sun-exposed and sun-protected skin samples were taken from individuals in four different age groups. UV, IR or heat-treated buttock skin of young volunteers was also obtained. Mast cells were quantified by immunohistochemical staining of mast cell-specific tryptase and chymase. The expression of tryptase was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Both sun-exposed and sun-protected skin showed a gradual decrease in total mast cells (MC(Total)) number with ageing. The number of mast cells in sun-exposed skin was significantly higher than that in sun-protected skin. After UV irradiation (2 minimal erythema doses), MC(Total) and mast cells expressing tryptase and chymase were significantly increased at 24 and 48 h postirradiation. After IR irradiation (3 minimal heating doses) and heat treatment (43 degrees C for 90 min), MC(Total) reached peak induction at 8 and 48 h after stimulation, respectively. Tryptase expression was also clearly upregulated by UV, IR and heat. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that mast cell numbers decreased with ageing in human skin. Also, mast cells may be activated and recruited by UV, IR and heat. These findings should further our understanding of the reason for the high prevalence of mast cells at peripheral sun-exposed skin sites.
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Cho KH, Li K, Jeon YK, Kim CW. Photoprovocation in the Patients with an EBV Associated Hydroa Vacciniforme-Like Eruption. J Cutan Pathol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.320at.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shin YS, Kim SY, Cho KH, Cho KG. Treatment of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms presenting with progressive myelopathy. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 11:896-8. [PMID: 15519870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm are presented in which the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) arose from the wall of the aneurysm. The patients presented with progressive myelopathy due to mass effect on the medulla. One patient was treated with proximal occlusion of the vertebral artery using Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). The other patient underwent complete excision of the aneurysm, with reimplantation of the PICA into the vertebral artery proximal to the dissecting aneurysm. We obtained good results with improvement of myelopathy in both patients, but the patient who underwent bypass surgery suffered longstanding palsy of the lower cranial nerves. This report emphasizes that complete aneurysm clipping or excision for such patients is the gold standard of treatment, but preservation of PICA flow may require technically sophisticated surgical techniques. However, even if the aneurysm is not completely eliminated, the myelopathy can be dramatically improved with conservative endovascular treatment with proximal occlusion. Therefore, the choices for treatment in such lesions varies with the angiographic findings, degrees of mass effect on the brainstem, and the patient's physical condition.
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Kwon OS, Han JH, Yoo HG, Chung JH, Cho KH, Eun HC, Kim KH. Human hair growth enhancement in vitro by green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:551-5. [PMID: 17092697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is a popular worldwide beverage, and its potential beneficial effects such as anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties are believed to be mediated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of polyphenols. Recently, it was reported that EGCG might be useful in the prevention or treatment of androgenetic alopecia by selectively inhibiting 5alpha-reductase activity. However, no report has been issued to date on the effect of EGCG on human hair growth. This study was undertaken to measure the effect of EGCG on hair growth in vitro and to investigate its effect on human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in vivo and in vitro. EGCG promoted hair growth in hair follicles ex vivo culture and the proliferation of cultured DPCs. The growth stimulation of DPCs by EGCG in vitro may be mediated through the upregulations of phosphorylated Erk and Akt and by an increase in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Similar results were also obtained in in vivo dermal papillae of human scalps. Thus, we suggest that EGCG stimulates human hair growth through these dual proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on DPCs.
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Cho KH, Choo SM, Jung SH, Kim JR, Choi HS, Kim J. Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks. IET Syst Biol 2007; 1:149-63. [PMID: 17591174 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb:20060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology is a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of the interactions of various cellular mechanisms and cellular components. Owing to the development of new technologies that simultaneously measure the expression of genetic information, systems biological studies involving gene interactions are increasingly prominent. In this regard, reconstructing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) forms the basis for the dynamical analysis of gene interactions and related effects on cellular control pathways. Various approaches of inferring GRNs from gene expression profiles and biological information, including machine learning approaches, have been reviewed, with a brief introduction of DNA microarray experiments as typical tools for measuring levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. In particular, the inference methods are classified according to the required input information, and the main idea of each method is elucidated by comparing its advantages and disadvantages with respect to the other methods. In addition, recent developments in this field are introduced and discussions on the challenges and opportunities for future research are provided.
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Yoon SM, Shin KH, Kim JY, Seo SS, Park SY, Kang S, Cho KH. The clinical values of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:872-8. [PMID: 17343571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of the pre- and posttreatment serum levels of the squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). From 2001 to 2005, 211 patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The SCC-Ag and CEA levels were measured before treatment, 1 month after treatment, and during the follow-up. The association between the pretreatment tumor marker levels and the clinical prognostic factors was evaluated. The frequency of complete remission (CR) and the normalization of the posttreatment tumor marker were also analyzed. The pretreatment serum levels of CEA and SCC-Ag were elevated in 68 (32.2%) and 148 (70.1%) patients, respectively. The number of patients with an elevated pretreatment SCC-Ag level was associated with the FIGO stage, tumor volume, and pelvic lymph node status. The pretreatment CEA was only significantly related to the tumor volume and pelvic lymph node involvement. One month after completing CCRT, the CEA and SCC-Ag levels were normalized in almost all patients with an incidence of 88.2% (60/68) and 93.2% (138/148), respectively. Among the patients who gained CR with a previously elevated pretreatment CEA and SCC-Ag, the values were normalized in 92.1% (58/63) and 96.4% (134/139) at 1 month, respectively. Combination assays of the pre- and posttreatment serum CEA and SCC-Ag levels appear to be useful for both predicting the prognosis and estimating the clinical response in cervical cancer. However, the routine combined measurement with SCC-Ag of CEA in all patients had limited additional effect in predicting the prognostic significance.
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Lee DH, Kim HS, Song YW, Cho KH. Development of varicella during adalimumab therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21:687-8. [PMID: 17447988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim HJ, Lee JY, Kim SH, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Park JK, Kim MH, Cinn YW, Cho KH, Yoon TY. Stromelysin-3 expression in the differential diagnosis of dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: comparison with factor XIIIa and CD34. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:319-24. [PMID: 17596171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distinction between dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a well-known challenge for dermatopathologists. Immunohistochemical stains have been used to augment routine histological examination to aid in differentiating DF from DFSP. Stromelysin-3 (ST3) is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, MMP-11, which is expressed in the skin during wound healing and in the stroma of basal cell carcinoma. Recent studies demonstrated that DFs expressed ST3, whereas DFSPs were only rarely ST3 positive. OBJECTIVES To assess the expression of ST3 in DF and DFSP and to ascertain whether ST3 is superior to factor XIIIa or CD34 in differentiating DF from DFSP, by comparison with factor XIIIa and CD34 expression. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 23 cases of DF and 17 cases of DFSP, using antibodies to ST3, factor XIIIa and CD34. RESULTS ST3 was expressed in all cases of DF (23 of 23) but only one case showed weakly positive staining in DFSP (one of 17). The mean +/- SD ST3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score in DF was 4.52 +/- 0.67. The sensitivity of ST3 was 100% and the specificity was 94%. Factor XIIIa was expressed in all cases of DF (23 of 23) and in five of the 17 DFSPs. The mean +/- SD factor XIIIa IHC score in the DFs was 4.43 +/- 0.73. The sensitivity of factor XIIIa was 100% and the specificity was 71%. CD34 was expressed in four of the 23 DFs and 16 of the 17 DFSPs. The mean +/- SD CD34 IHC score in the DFSPs was 4.41 +/- 1.37. The sensitivity of CD34 was 94% and the specificity was 83%. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical staining with a commercial anti-ST3 antibody can be successfully carried out in routine dermatopathology. We confirmed that ST3 is a positive marker for DF and that ST3 staining might be more reliable than factor XIIIa staining in differential diagnosis of DF and DFSP. As the present study showed that ST3 was not absolutely negative in all cases of DFSP, the combination with CD34 immunostaining could make the distinction more reliable.
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Kim MS, Kim YK, Cho KH, Chung JH. Infrared exposure induces an angiogenic switch in human skin that is partially mediated by heat. Br J Dermatol 2007; 155:1131-8. [PMID: 17107379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays an important role in physiological and pathological conditions of the skin. Although acute ultraviolet-induced skin angiogenesis has been investigated, little is known about the distinct effects of acute infrared (IR) radiation on angiogenesis in human skin. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the molecular regulation of the angiogenic switch by acute near-IR radiation or by a single heat treatment in human skin in vivo. METHODS We subjected 16 healthy volunteers to near-IR irradiation (six minimal heating doses) and 14 healthy volunteers to heat treatment (43 degrees C for 90 min), and skin specimens were obtained by punch biopsy for immunohistochemical, Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS We observed that CD31-stained vessels in the upper dermis were increased after acute near-IR exposure, and that this was associated with the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the downregulation of thrombospondin (TSP)-2. During the application of near-IR to buttock skin, skin temperatures immediately increased from 32 degrees C up to 42 degrees C, as measured using a digital thermometer. Moreover, the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 was increased after near-IR irradiation in human skin. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a single heat treatment on angiogenesis and on the expression of VEGF and TSP-2 in skin, and found that vascularization and VEGF expression were increased, whereas TSP-2 expression was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IR radiation plays an important role in skin angiogenesis via regulation of the balance between the angiogenic inducer VEGF and the angiogenic inhibitor TSP-2, and that IR-induced skin angiogenesis might be partially caused by the effects of heat in human skin in vivo.
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Park SH, Kim JR, Park JE, Cho KH. A Caucasian male with very low blood cholesterol and low apoA-II without evidence of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:249-56. [PMID: 17373959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that a high level of apolipoprotein (apo) A-II can be associated with familial combined hyperlipidaemia, and that high apolipoprotein profiles can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. The serum lipoprotein/apolipoprotein profile of a Caucasian patient who had unusually low serum total cholesterol (83 mg dL(-1)) and triglyceride (28 mg dL(-1)) levels despite a high body mass index (33.5 kg m(-2)), is the subject of this report. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each lipoprotein was isolated from serum by sequential ultracentrifugation, and serum and lipoprotein lipids and proteins were determined. The cholesteryl ester (CE) conversion ability of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and CE transfer activity of CE transfer protein were assayed, and the composition of apolipoprotein and lipoprotein(-1) was analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Electrophoresis and immunodetection analyses revealed a 60% decrease in the apoA-II band intensity compared to normal reference serum. The decreased apoA-II was associated with reduced very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and protein content, as well as a greater high-density lipoprotein (HDL)(2) size with high cholesterol content. The CE conversion activity and CE transfer activity of HDL(3) were almost totally lacking in the hypolipidaemic serum, although the expression level of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase was normal. Electron microscopy revealed that the obese patient had larger HDL(2) and HDL(3) particle sizes than those of reference serum. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a decreased apoA-II protein in serum and increased HDL-cholesterol and particle size might protect against hyperlipidaemia and the atherosclerotic process, even in a patient with severe obesity.
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Yoon BW, Bae HJ, Hong KS, Lee SM, Park BJ, Yu KH, Han MK, Lee YS, Chung DK, Park JM, Jeong SW, Lee BC, Cho KH, Kim JS, Lee SH, Yoo KM. Phenylpropanolamine contained in cold remedies and risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Neurology 2007; 68:146-9. [PMID: 17210897 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000250351.38999.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to elucidate whether phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in cold remedies (small and divided doses) increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS). PPA exposure significantly increased the risk, and the risk was much higher in women. In women, linear trends were also found in recency, duration, and dosage of PPA exposure. PPA contained in cold remedies increases the risk of HS, particularly in women.
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Kim JY, Ihn YK, Kim JS, Chun KA, Sung MS, Cho KH. Non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy: MRI findings. Clin Radiol 2007; 62:58-64. [PMID: 17145265 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy and to evaluate the usefulness of MRI in patients with non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective study, 11 consecutive patients presenting with peroneal nerve palsy were included. MR images of the lower leg and electrophysiological examinations were also reviewed. The cause of peroneal nerve palsy was determined on the basis of MRI findings and was evaluated using electrophysiological data. Nine patients with causative lesions detected on MRI, underwent surgery. RESULTS Clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) disclosed 11 peroneal lesions. MRI and EMG revealed three types of signal intensity change, i.e. deep peroneal nerve palsy type, common peroneal nerve palsy type, and superficial peroneal nerve palsy type. The MRI and EMG findings were in agreement in seven (65%) of the 11 study patients. In nine patients the causative lesions were identified using MRI, including ganglion cyst (n=6), osteochondroma (n=1), synovial cyst (n=1), and aneurysm (n=1). CONCLUSION Ganglion cyst is the most common cause of non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy. MRI offers a noninvasive method for obtaining useful information to assess, localize, and monitor peripheral peroneal nerve palsy.
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