The complexity of stromal changes in desmoplastic ameloblastoma

Ameloblastoma is usually considered a homogenous neoplasm and is thought of as the most primitive of all odontogenic neoplasms. However, detailed investigations have proven clinicopathological diversity in a significant number of cases, thus mounting the evidence in favor of considering ameloblastoma as a mysterious lesion. The purpose of this article is to report a unique case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma and to throw light on the atypical changes noticed in the stromal component. The findings of this case have served to add interesting parameters to the study of stromal changes associated with this perplexing odontogenic tumor.

Thrombotic microangiopathy in renal allografts

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious complication of renal transplantation. It is a morphological expression of various etiological factors. In a renal allograft, TMA can occur de novo or be a recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiological factors and observe the changing trends of TMA with respect to emerging new etiological factors. We evaluated 131 graft biopsies over a period of 2½ years (2010-2012). All the renal biopsies were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded. Twenty serial sections were studied. Stains routinely used were Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff, Massons Trichrome and Silver Methenamine stains. C4d by immunohistochemical method was done on all graft biopsies. Incidence of TMA in our series was 9.1%. Out of the 12 cases, five were associated with calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, three were diagnosed as acute antibody-mediated rejection, and two were recurrent haemolytic uremic syndrome. One patient developed haemolytic uremic syndrome on treatment with sirolimus and one patient was cytomegalovirus positive on treatment with ganciclovir, developed haemolytic uremic syndrome during treatment course. This study describes a spectrum of etiological factors for thrombotic mciroangiopathy ranging from common cause like calcineurin inhibitor toxicity to rare cause like ganciclovir induced TMA.

Child abuse and neglect

Child abuse and neglect are important public health problems and recent estimates of their prevalence suggest that they are considerably more common than had hitherto been realized. Intervening to change parenting practices may, however, be important in their treatment. Despite their frequent occurrence among dental patients, neglect is the least known and identified type of abuse. The present case reports a 3-year-old girl suffering from abuse and neglect. The girl had dental neglect and also performed poorly in all parameters of growth and development. This case describes the process that was followed in order to reach a diagnosis and safeguard the child. The parent was counseled and the girl got her due share of access to comprehensive oral and general health. This case emphasizes that the dental professional should always be vigilant and collaborates among like-minded individuals to increase the prevention, detection and treatment of these conditions.

Prevalence of systemic and local disturbances in infants during primary teeth eruption: a clinical study

AIM

The purpose of this study was to find the correlations between local and systemic manifestations during primary teeth eruption and the eruption of various groups of teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The infants selected for the study purpose were between 6 months to 3 years of age who had at least one erupting tooth. The study group consisted of 894 infants and other 550 infants served as a control group. Questionnaires were distributed to all parents and the data was collected. Chi square test was performed to analyse the information obtained between the two groups. There were 378 girls (42.2%) and 516 boys (57.7%) in the study group. The control group consisted of 195 girls (35.4%) and 355 boys (64.5%).

RESULTS

The most common finding was gingival irritation 821 (95.9%) and the least common symptom observed in the study was running nose 234 (27.3%). The presence of fever diarrhea was seen in 101 (11.7%) infants. In the control group, 92.1% of the infants did not show any clinical manifestations.

CONCLUSION

An association was found between primary teeth eruption and local and systemic manifestations. Most manifestations were found during eruption of the primary incisors.

Regional odontodysplasia

Regional odontodysplasia (ROD) is a rare developmental anomaly involving both mesodermal and ectodermal components in a group of contiguous teeth. It affects the primary and permanent dentitions in the maxilla and the mandible or both, however, the maxilla is frequently involved. Although the etiology of the ROD is uncertain, it has been suggested that numerous other factors play a role. The treatment plan should be based on the degree of involvement as well as the functional and esthetic needs in each case. This article reports the case of a 5-year-old boy presenting a rare anomaly on the right side of the maxillary arch. The treatment performed was rehabilitation with temporary partial acrylic denture and periodic checkups. The extraction was followed by rehabilitation with dental implants. The main aim of this article is to provide valuable information to pediatric dentists about the review and treatment alternatives for ROD.

3-Acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenyl-quinolin-1-ium chloride

An N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bond connects the ions in the title salt, C(18)H(16)NO(+)·Cl(-). The quinolin-1-ium residue is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.020 Å) but both the acetyl group [O-C-C-C torsion angle = 62.73 (17)°] and adjacent benzene ring [C-C-C-C torsion angle = -104.06 (14)°] are twisted out of this plane; the acetyl and benzene substituents are non-parallel [dihedral angle = 66.16 (7)°]. The crystal packing is consolidated by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl contacts.

1-(2-Methyl-6-nitro-4-phenyl-3-quinol-yl)ethanone

In the title compound, C₁₈H₁₄N₂O₃, the quinoline ring system is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.013 (2) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 60.36 (7)° with the benzene ring. The nitro group is slightly twisted from the attached quinoline ring system, forming a dihedral angle of 9.06 (19)°. In the crystal packing, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains propagating in [010].

Foreign objects in teeth: retrieval and management

The discovery of foreign bodies in the teeth is a special situation, which is often diagnosed accidentally. Detailed case history, clinical and radiographic examinations are necessary to come to a conclusion about the nature, size, location of the foreign body and the difficulty involved in its retrieval. It is more common to find this situation in children as it is a well-known fact that children often tend to have the habit of placing foreign objects in the mouth. Sometimes the foreign objects get stuck in the root canals of the teeth, which the children do not reveal to their parents due to fear. These foreign objects may act as a potential source of infection and may later lead to a painful condition. This paper discusses the types of foreign objects found in and around the teeth and reports two cases along with their retrieval and associated management of the involved teeth.

Classification and identification of mosquito species using artificial neural networks

An artificial neural network method is presented for classification and identification of Anopheles mosquito species based on the internal transcribed spacer2 (ITS2) data of ribosomal DNA string. The method is implemented in two different multi-layered feed-forward neural network model forms, namely, multi-input single-output neural network (MISONN) and multi-input multi-output neural network (MIMONN). A number of data sequences in varying sizes of different Anopheline malarial vectors and their corresponding species coding are employed to develop the neural network models. The classification efficiency of the network models for untrained data sequences is evaluated in terms of quantitative performance criteria. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the neural network models to extract the genetic information in ITS2 sequences and to adapt to new data. The method of MISONN is found to exhibit superior performance over MIMONN in distinguishing and identification of the mosquito vectors.

Speciation determination of chromium(III) and (VI) using preconcentration cloud point extraction with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)

bis-[2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde] thiourea was synthesized and preconcentration cloud point extraction (CPE) for speciation determination of chromium(III) and (VI) in various environmental samples with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) has been developed. Chromium(III) complexes with bis-[2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde] thiourea is subsequently entrapped in the surfactant micelles. After complexation of chromium(III) with reagent, the analyte was quantitatively extracted to the surfactant-rich phase in the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 after centrifugation. The effect of pH, concentration of chelating agent, surfactant, equilibration temperature and time on CPE was studied. The relative standard deviation was 2.13% and the limits of detection were around 0.18 microg L(-1).

Preconcentration and solid phase extraction method for the determination of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd in environmental and biological samples using activated carbon by FAAS

2-{[1-(2-Hydroxynaphthyl) methylidene] amino} benzoic acid (HNMABA) was synthesized for solid phase extraction (SPE) to the determination of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd in environmental and biological samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). These metals were sorbed as HNMABA complexes on activated carbon (AC) at the pH range of 5.0+/-0.2 and eluted with 6 ml of 1M HNO3 in acetone. The effects of sample volume, eluent volume and recovery have been investigated to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of proposed method. The effect of interferences on the sorption of metal ions was studied. The concentration of the metal ions detected after preconcentration was in agreement with the added amount. The detection limits for the metals studied were in the range of 0.75-3.82 microg ml(-1). The proposed system produced satisfactory results for the determination of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd metals in environmental and biological samples.

Facile and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in various samples

Novel reactions were developed for facile, sensitive and selective rapid spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of vanadium(V) in various samples. The methods were based on the interactions of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) in the presence of vanadium to give blue colored derivative or on oxidation of dopamine hydrochloride (DPH) by vanadium in acidic medium and coupling with MBTH to yield pink color derivative. The blue color derivative having an absorbance maximum at 595nm was stable for 9 days and the pink color derivative with λ(max) 526nm for 5 days. Beer's law is obeyed for vanadium in the concentration range 0.05-6.0μgml(-1) (blue color derivative) and 0.06-7.0μgml(-1) (pink color derivative), respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were established. Interference due to various non-target ions was also investigated. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of vanadium(V) in environmental, biological, pharmaceutical and steel samples. The performance of proposed method was evaluated in terms of Student's t-test and variance ratio F-test that indicates the significance of proposed method over reported method.

Facile and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of carbosulfan in formulations and environmental samples

Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbosulfan in insecticidal formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and soil samples with newly synthesized reagents. The method was based on acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the carbosulfan pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of carbosulfan was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with lambda(max) of 464 nm or interaction with 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline to produce yellow colored product with lambda(max) of 408 nm or coupling with 2,4,6-tribromoaniline to form red colored product has a lambda(max) of 471 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer's law range for 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline (DBMA) was found to be 0.2-12.0 microg ml(-1), 0.6-16.0 microg ml(-1) for 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline (DBNA) and 0.4-15.0 microg ml(-1) for 2,4,6-tribromoaniline (TBA). The molar absorptivity of the color systems were found to be 3.112 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1) for DBMA, 3.214 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1) for DBNA and 3.881 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1) for TBA. Sandell's of the color reactions are 0.013 microg cm(-2) (DBMA), 0.012 microg cm(-2) (DBNA) and 0.011 microg cm(-2) (TBA) respectively. The effect of the non-target species on the determination of carbosulfan was studied to enhance the selectivity of the proposed methods. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agents is instantaneous and stable for 28, 30, and 26 h. Performance of the proposed methods were compared statistically in terms Student's F and t-tests with the reported methods.

Preconcentration technique for the determination of trace elements in natural water samples by ICP-AES

A procedure was developed for the determination of Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after preconcentration on a morpholine dithiocarbamate (mor-DTC) supported by bagasse (Saccharam aphisinaram). The sorbed elements were subsequently eluted with 4,M HNO3 and the acid eluates were analysed by ICP-AES. The influence of various parameters such as pH, flow rate of sample, eluent concentration, volume of the sample and volume of eluent were investigated to enhance the sensitivity of the present method. A 20,mL disposable syringe served as preconcentration column. Under the optimal conditions Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in aqueous sample was concentrated about 100-fold. The sorption recoveries of elements were higher than 99.6%. The method is also applied for the analysis of natural and spiked water samples.

Development of simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of bendiocarb in its formulations and environmental samples

Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of bendiocarb in its insecticidal formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and agriculture soil samples with prepared reagents. The method was based on alkaline hydrolysis of the bendiocarb pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of bendiocarb was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with lambda max of 457 nm or coupling with 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline to produce a red colored product with lambda max of 474 nm or coupling with 2, 4, 6-tribromoaniline to form orange red colored product has a lambda max of 465 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer's law range for 2, 6-dibromo-4-methylaniline (DBMA) was found to be 0.6-14.0 microg mL (-1), 0.8-10.0 microg mL (-1) for 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline (DBNA) and 0.4-10.0 microg mL (-1) for 2, 4, 6-tribromoaniline (TBA). The molar absorptivity of the color systems were found to be 4.126 x 10(4) l mol (-1) cm (-1) for DBMA, 3.254 x 10(4) l mol (-1) cm (-1) for DBNA and 2.812 x 10(4) l mol (-1) cm (-1) for TBA. Sandell's of the color reactions are 0.018 microg cm (-2)(DBMA), 0.052 microg cm (-2)(DBNA) and 0.065 microg cm (-2) (TBA) respectively. The effect of the non-target species on the determination of bendiocarb was studied. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agents is instantaneous and stable for 18 h, 30 h, and 12 h. Performance of the proposed methods were compared statistically in terms Student's F and t-tests with the reported methods.