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Peffer RC, Abraham DJ, Zemaitis MA, Wong LK, Alvin JD. 3,4-Dichlorobenzyloxyacetic acid is extensively metabolized to a taurine conjugate in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 1987; 15:305-11. [PMID: 2886304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of the antisickling agent 3,4-dichlorobenzyloxyacetic acid (3,4-DCBAA) was examined after ip administration to rats. Within 5 days after administration of radiolabeled 3,4-DCBAA, 77.4 +/- 4.6% of the dose was recovered in the urine and only 3.2 +/- 0.5% was recovered in the feces. Metabolites in the urine were isolated and characterized by HPLC, electron impact MS, and LC/MS, and their identities were confirmed by comparing their spectra with those of synthetic standards. Quantitation of these urinary metabolites revealed that the majority of the radioactive dose was excreted as a taurine conjugate (60.1 +/- 4.4%), while lesser amounts were excreted as 3,4-dichlorohippurate, unchanged 3,4-DCBAA, the glycine conjugate of 3,4-DCBAA, and a polar unknown which is believed to be glycolic acid. A pathway involving an initial O-dealkylation at the benzyl carbon of 3,4-DCBAA and proceeding through the glycine conjugation of 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid has been proposed to explain the formation of 3,4-dichlorohippurate and the polar unknown. The extensive conjugation of 3,4-DCBAA with taurine is an unprecedented observation in rats, which usually utilize glycine for amino acid conjugation reactions. Further studies with 3,4-DCBAA may provide insight into the enzymatic mechanisms of taurine conjugation, which are not well defined at this time.
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Abstract
Enteritis cystica profunda (ECP), an uncommon condition, is characterized by nonneoplastic cystic spaces within the wall of the small bowel. The cases of two patients who had ECP in association with Crohn's disease are reported, and the role of mucosal damage in the pathogenesis of ECP is discussed. Pathologists must recognize this entity and distinguish it from adenocarcinoma, which may arise with increased frequency in the small bowel in patients with Crohn's disease.
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Caritis SN, Lin LS, Wong LK. Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ritodrine when administered as a loading dose. On establishing a potentially useful drug administration regimen in cases of fetal distress. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152:1026-31. [PMID: 4025448 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of labor during the intrapartum period has been suggested as a method of managing acute fetal distress. In such cases, rapid tocolysis is desirable but, in high doses, beta-adrenergic-receptor agonists, such as ritodrine, may cause severe maternal hypotension that could aggravate the existing fetal distress. We undertook the present study to establish a safe infusion protocol for ritodrine that achieves high plasma concentration rapidly. Twelve nonpregnant female volunteers received, on separate days, three infusions of ritodrine, that is, 1, 2, and 3 mg, during a 2-minute period. The peak plasma concentration measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection averaged 37, 74, and 100 ng/ml after the 1, 2, and 3 mg doses, respectively. Ritodrine concentrations decreased rapidly and with the 3 mg dose the ritodrine concentration was only 14 ng/ml after 15 minutes. The elimination phase half-life of ritodrine averaged 6.11 hours. None of the doses significantly affected systolic blood pressure but ritodrine increased heart rate and the plasma glucose level and decreased diastolic blood pressure and the plasma potassium concentration. Even at the highest infusion rate, the maximal changes in cardiovascular and metabolic variables were short-lived and clinically modest; heart rate increased 29 bpm, diastolic blood pressure decreased 8 mm Hg, glucose level increased 26 mg/dl, and potassium concentration decreased 0.6 mEq/L. These data indicate that high plasma concentrations of ritodrine can be achieved rapidly without serious side effects.
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Abraham RT, Knapp JE, Minnigh MB, Wong LK, Zemaitis MA, Alvin JD. Reductive metabolism of furazolidone by Escherichia coli and rat liver in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos 1984; 12:732-41. [PMID: 6150823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of furazolidone by rat liver and Escherichia coli was characterized in vitro under aerobic and anaerobic incubation conditions. Rat liver 9000g supernatant rapidly metabolized 14C-furazo-lidone to more polar metabolites in the presence or absence of oxygen when NADPH was provided as a cofactor. At least five polar radiolabeled metabolites were detected in these incubations by high pressure liquid chromatography. Moreover, a significant (30-40%) proportion of the total radiolabeled metabolites remained tightly associated with liver protein despite repeated organic solvent extractions of the tissue. The major solvent-extractable metabolites produced under aerobic and anaerobic incubation conditions were isolated and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The mass spectra indicated that these derivatives possessed the same chemical structure. Subsequently, this metabolite was unequivocally identified as 3-(4-cyano-2-oxobutylideneamino)-2-oxazolidinone, an end product of reductive metabolism of the nitro group of furazolidone. The formation of the reduced metabolite under aerobic conditions indicated that this metabolic pathway was markedly less sensitive to oxygen than many previously studied nitroreduction reactions catalyzed by mammalian enzymes. This NADPH-dependent, oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase activity was further localized to the microsomal fraction of rat liver. E. coli also rapidly metabolized furazolidone (FZN) to a complex series of metabolites, including the reduced cyano metabolite, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Sonic lysis of the bacteria released an NADPH-dependent, oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase which converted FZN to the cyano metabolite and other unidentified derivatives. The complete reduction of FZN by the solubilized bacterial enzyme was strongly inhibited by the addition of the thiol nucleophile glutathione to the incubation medium.
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Shankar R, Brown MR, Wong LK, Sallis JD. Effectiveness of phosphocitrate and N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate, a new analogue of phosphocitrate, in blocking hydroxyapatite induced crystal growth and calcium accumulation by matrix vesicles. EXPERIENTIA 1984; 40:265-7. [PMID: 6321227 DOI: 10.1007/bf01947574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphocitrate and its analogue N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate were compared with ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate for inhibition of calcium phosphate crystallization in hydroxyapatite induced crystal growth and 45Ca uptake by matrix vesicles. Phosphocitrate (1 microM) was the most potent inhibitor followed by ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate, the latter requiring a high concentration (100 microM) to be equally effective as an inhibitor.
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Lin LS, Caritis SN, Wong LK. Analysis of ritodrine in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Sci 1984; 73:131-3. [PMID: 6694071 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600730137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific assay for ritodrine in serum was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Serum samples were alkalinized to pH 9.4 by the addition of a sodium carbonate buffer and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts were evaporated to dryness and the residues were reconstituted in the HPLC mobile phase and chromatographed on a octadecylsilane reverse-phase column. The detection of ritodrine was achieved by an electrochemical detector with a glassy carbon electrode. The sensitivity was 0.2 ng for on-column injection. The extraction efficiency was 80%.
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Caritis SN, Lin LS, Toig G, Wong LK. Pharmacodynamics of ritodrine in pregnant women during preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 147:752-9. [PMID: 6650595 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship of ritodrine concentration to several maternal variables and to fetal heart rate in 17 women who received the drug for inhibition of preterm labor. Ritodrine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Ritodrine increased maternal and fetal heart rate and decreased serum potassium in a dose-related manner, but wide variability was noted between patients and within individual patients. Tachyphylaxis of the maternal heart rate response to continuing treatment with ritodrine was seen in at least seven women. Maternal blood pressure, serum glucose concentration, and frequency of uterine contractions were changed by ritodrine treatment, but the changes in these variables were not closely correlated to the concentration of ritodrine (r less than or equal to 0.30 in all cases). The maximal infusion rate and the concentration of ritodrine in maternal serum after 4 hours of treatment were significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated with the frequency of uterine contractions prior to treatment. Successful inhibition of labor was achieved with serum concentrations of 15 to 31 ng/ml in 10 of 17 women; in six of the other seven women, labor could not be inhibited in spite of serum concentrations of 90 to 146 ng/ml. Side effects, such as hypotension, vomiting, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath, were most commonly observed when the infusion rate and concentration of ritodrine were increasing.
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Wong LK, Dru J, Lin LS, Knapp J. Metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by Cunninghamella elegans. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 46:1239-42. [PMID: 6418073 PMCID: PMC239550 DOI: 10.1128/aem.46.5.1239-1242.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in cultures of Cunninghamella elegans were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The major metabolites were DMBA-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and DMBA-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol. The 7-hydroxymethyl and the 12-hydroxymethyl derivatives of these dihydrodiol metabolites were also formed. The metabolic profile described in this report contrasts with those obtained in our earlier experiments in which the incubation of DMBA with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Penicillium notatum produced no dihydrodiol metabolites but only methyl-hydroxylated metabolites.
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Oravec CT, Daniel FB, Wong LK. Comparative metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene and its non-carcinogenic 2-fluoro analogue by Syrian hamster embryo cells. Cancer Lett 1983; 21:43-55. [PMID: 6416665 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(83)90081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and its non-carcinogenic 2-fluoro analogue (2F-DMBA) by Syrian hamster embyro (SHE) cells has been studied using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Metabolites produced by SHE cells were compared chromatographically to those produced on a larger scale by liver microsomal preparations and previously identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. At least 2 (possibly 3) phenol metabolites, none of which appear to be in the A-ring, were formed from [3H] 2F-DMBA and totalled only 3% of the organic extractable activity present in the media at 24 h. On the other hand, 3 A-ring phenols (DMBA-2-ol, DMBA-3-ol and DMBA-4-ol) comprising almost 12% of the total organic extractable radioactivity at 24 h were identified as metabolites in SHE cell culture media. For both hydrocarbons the major organic extractable metabolite present at 24 h was the respective 8,9-dihydro-dihydroxydiol (DMBA 45%, 2F-DMBA 39%). Thus, substitution of fluorine for hydrogen at the 2-carbon of DMBA appears to block or greatly reduce the A-ring metabolism of this compound but has relatively little effect on D-ring oxidation. Therefore loss of the carcinogenic/mutagenic activity of DMBA correlates with the extent of A-ring metabolism including, possibly, the bay region diol epoxide.
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Abstract
A teenage primigravida with no prior history of transfusion presented with anti-D, anti-C, and anti-E in her serum and subsequently developed anti-Fya. The infant had hemolytic disease of the newborn. The antibodies were provoked by the girl's self-injection of her partner's blood for emotional gratification. Clinicians and transfusion services should be aware that hemolytic disease of the newborn in a first pregnancy can be caused by self-inflicted maternal immunization. Close communication between clinicians and transfusion service is emphasized.
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Wong LK, Alvin JD, Zemaitis MA, Daniel FB. In vitro metabolism of selected fluoro analogs of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1983; 40:417-28. [PMID: 6414062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the metabolite profiles generated from the rat liver incubation of monofluorinated derivatives of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. These monofluoro analogs are known to exhibit varying degrees of carcinogenicity. In this study we observed that the presence of fluorine substituents blocked metabolism at the fluorinated positions, some of which may be critical for biological activity. Furthermore, we also found that the fluorine substituents affected the chemical reactivity of the 5,6-arene oxide metabolites in terms of their ability to undergo methanolysis.
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Wong LK, Barry AL, Horgan SM. Comparison of six different criteria for judging the acceptability of sputum specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 16:627-31. [PMID: 7153311 PMCID: PMC272434 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.16.4.627-631.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 391 unselected expectorated sputum specimens was examined microscopically, and six different published criteria for judging the acceptability of the specimens were applied. Of the 391 specimens, 234 were found to be acceptable or unacceptable by all six criteria; 157 specimens were discrepant. By the criteria of Murray and Washington and of Barry, 25 and 23% of the specimens, respectively, were rejected; only 19 of 143 specimens which contained potential pathogens as part of their predominant microbial flora were rejected by both sets of criteria. The criteria described by Geckler et al. and Bartlett missed fewer potential pathogens; only 9 or 17% of the specimens, respectively, were found unacceptable. The criteria of Heineman and Radano and of Van Scoy resulted in the greatest percentages of specimens judged unacceptable (28 and 29%, respectively), including 19 and 24% of specimens containing potential pathogens. The reproducibility of sputum screening results was also assessed, comparing the method of Murray and Washington with that of Barry. Six separate slides were prepared from each of 45 different specimens: three samples with purulent or bloody flecks and three samples in which the specimens had been mixed with an applicator swab. Satisfactory reproducibility was observed with both criteria and both sampling methods; no significant differences in reproducibility could be documented in this limited series.
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Wong LK, Link DP, Frey CF, Ruebner RH, Tesluk H, Pimstone NR. Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma: radiology, management, and pathology. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982; 139:172-5. [PMID: 6283868 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.139.1.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Microbial transformations of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Penicillium notatum were studied by high performance liquid chromatographic separation of metabolic fractions followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the metabolites. Two methyl-hydroxylated metabolites were identified in each of the incubations. The metabolic activation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon suggests a possible involvement of microorganisms in environmental carcinogenesis.
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VanRollins M, Ho SH, Greenwald JE, Alexander M, Dorman NJ, Wong LK, Horrocks LA. Separation by high performance liquid chromatography of arachidonic acid metabolites from rabbit platelets. Prog Lipid Res 1981; 20:783-5. [PMID: 7342129 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7827(81)90146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Greenwald JE, Alexander MS, Van Rollins M, Wong LK, Bianchine JR. Argentation thin layer chromatography of arachidonic acid metabolites isolated from human platelets. PROSTAGLANDINS 1981; 21:33-9. [PMID: 7208953 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(81)90193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Greenwald JE, Alexander MS, Fertel RH, Beach CA, Wong LK, Bianchine JR. Role of ferric iron in platelet lipoxygenase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 96:817-22. [PMID: 6775630 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)91428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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VanRollins M, Ho SH, Greenwald JE, Alexander M, Dorman NJ, Wong LK, Horrocks LA. Complete separation by high performance liquid chromatography of metabolites of arachidonic acid from incubation with human and rabbit platelets. PROSTAGLANDINS 1980; 20:571-7. [PMID: 7422901 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(80)90044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Separation of all major cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A C18 reverse-phase column was used in ion suppression mode to separate underivatized metabolites of arachidonic acid isolated from human and rabbit platelets. The metabolites were monitored by measuring radioactivity or ultraviolet light absorption at 192 nm (absorption by double bonds). Comparisons of TLC and HPLC separations demonstrated that the HPLC separation of metabolites of [1-14C]arachidonic acid was quantitative. HPLC also resolved several metabolites that were not detected by scanning of TLC separations.
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Wu J, Wong LK. Solvolysis of the bay-region diol-epoxide of benz(a)anthracene: a mass spectrometric technique to study the adduct. FEBS Lett 1980; 117:152-6. [PMID: 7409160 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wong LK, Wang CL, Daniel FB. Oxidative metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Further investigation of the K-region epoxide. Drug Metab Dispos 1980; 8:28-33. [PMID: 6102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rat liver 10,000 g supernatant fraction has been examined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry subsequent to high-pressure liquid-chromatographic separation of the incubation mixture. In addition to the mono-, di-, and trihydroxylated oxidative metabolites usually associated with the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we observed the formation of a methanolysis product from the K-region epoxide intermediate during the workup procedure. The identification of this compound provides a direct evidence for the presence of the K-region epoxide in the metabolism mixture, and it serves as a convenient means to assay for this metabolite. Moreover, we detected the methanolysis derivative only from the K-region epoxide but none from the non-K-region counterparts. This finding suggests that the non-K-region epoxides undergo facile enzymatic and nonenzymatic hydrolysis and/or rearrangement reactions as soon as they are produced. On the other hand, the K-region epoxide possesses greater stability. It can remain longer in a metabolism mixture and react with methanol subsequently.
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Wong LK, Kim WH, Witiak DT. Orientation of methanolic attack on the K-region epoxide of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene. Anal Biochem 1980; 101:34-8. [PMID: 6766685 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Greenwald JE, Bianchine JR, Wong LK. The production of the arachidonate metabolite HETE in vascular tissue. Nature 1979; 281:588-9. [PMID: 114863 DOI: 10.1038/281588a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wong LK, Wang CL, Daniel FB. Mass spectral characterization of the K-region and non K-region dihydrodiols of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene. BIOMEDICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1979; 6:305-8. [PMID: 114245 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrodiols are derived from intermediary arene oxides during the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives obtained from the 5,6-dihydrodiol and 8,9-dihydrodiol of 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene were compared. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns indicate some key features in distinguishing a K-region dihydrodiol from its non K-region isomer. The 8,9-dihydrodiol, a non K-region metabolite, exhibits a greater tendency to undergo a ring contraction fragmentation process while the K-region 5,6-dihydrodiol participates preferably in other fragmentation pathways. The data presented in this report will be useful in charcterizing K-region and nonK-region metabolic epoxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Greenwald JE, Wong LK, Rao M, Bianchine JR, Panganamala RV. A study of three vasodilating agents as selective inhibitors of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 84:1112-8. [PMID: 728149 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Wong LK, Biemann K. A study of drug interaction by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry--synergism of chloral hydrate and ethanol. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:1019-22. [PMID: 656148 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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