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Bosek V, Hu P, Robinson LA. Acute myocardial ischemia after administration of ondansetron hydrochloride. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:885-7. [PMID: 10719974 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200003000-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF, Bourge RC, Colucci W, Massie B, O'Connor CM, Pina I, Quigg R, Silver M, Robinson LA, Leimberger JD, Gheorghiade M. Rationale and design of the OPTIME CHF trial: outcomes of a prospective trial of intravenous milrinone for exacerbations of chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 2000; 139:15-22. [PMID: 10618557 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(00)90303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal management of an acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF) is uncertain. There is little randomized evidence available to support the various treatment strategies for patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of CHF. Inotropic agents may produce beneficial hemodynamic effects, and although they are currently used in these patients, their effect on clinical response and impact on clinical outcome is unclear. We present a unique and simple study designed to determine whether a treatment strategy for CHF exacerbations that includes an intravenous agent with inotropic properties can reduce hospital length of stay and lead to improved patient outcome. METHODS The OPTIME CHF (Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure) trial is an ongoing multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a treatment strategy for patients with acute exacerbations of CHF. The design of this study provides a novel approach to the evaluation of treatment strategies in the care of this population. The OPTIME CHF design uses early initiation of intravenous milrinone as both an adjunct to the best the medical therapy and to facilitate optimal dosing of standard oral therapy for heart failure. Patients with known systolic heart failure requiring hospital admission for a CHF exacerbation are randomly assigned within 48 hours of admission to receive a 48-hour infusion of either intravenous milrinone or placebo. The primary end point of this design is a reduction in the total hospital days for cardiovascular events within 60 days after therapy. Enrollment of 1000 patients began July 7, 1997, at 80 US centers and is projected to conclude in late 1999.
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Lando HA, Thai DT, Murray DM, Robinson LA, Jeffery RW, Sherwood NE, Hennrikus DJ. Age of initiation, smoking patterns, and risk in a population of working adults. Prev Med 1999; 29:590-8. [PMID: 10600442 DOI: 10.1006/pmed.1999.0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early age of initiation is a significant risk factor for long-term dependent smoking and may also relate to other unhealthy behaviors and increased likelihood of illness, independent of duration of smoking. METHODS The current study assessed age of initiation in relation to cigarette dependence, interest in quitting, social environment pertaining to smoking, behavioral risk factors, and current health problems. Subjects were 2120 current daily smokers in 24 worksites in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area. RESULTS Findings were surprisingly consistent with early age of initiation predicting more dependent smoking, less interest and confidence in ability to quit, poorer diet, less use of seat belts, more illness and hospitalization, and greater likelihood of smoking among partner/spouse, friends, and co-workers. CONCLUSIONS The overall strength of the findings was unexpected. Early initiation of regular smoking predicted a significant constellation of risk factors throughout adulthood. Interventions that significantly delay smoking onset, even in the absence of permanent prevention, could have important public health implications.
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Robinson LA. Bone localization. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 1999; 8:565-76, xi. [PMID: 10448698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate staging of malignancies is essential to guide the clinician in selecting the most appropriate therapy. Metastases to bone suggested by radionuclide bone scans must be proven histologically because of the high frequency of false-positive results. If the plain bone radiographs, however, are normal and there are no localizing symptoms, precise biopsy of the area of bone scan abnormality is usually difficult and time-consuming. The recently described intraoperative use of the hand-held gamma probe now allows for great accuracy and sensitivity in the radioisotope-guided open biopsy of clinically suspected bone metastases.
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Robinson LA, Klesges RC, Zbikowski SM. Gender and ethnic differences in young adolescents' sources of cigarettes. Tob Control 1999; 7:353-9. [PMID: 10093167 PMCID: PMC1751457 DOI: 10.1136/tc.7.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the sources used by young adolescents to obtain cigarettes. DESIGN In early 1994 a survey assessing usual sources of cigarettes and characteristics of the respondents was administered in homeroom classes. SETTING A large urban, predominantly African American school system. SUBJECTS A population-based sample of 6967 seventh graders averaging 13 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Reports of usual sources of cigarettes. RESULTS At this age level, young smokers were more likely to get cigarettes from friends (31.2%) than buy them in stores (14.3%). However, the odds of purchasing varied for different groups of children. Regular smokers were much more likely (48.3%) to have purchased cigarettes than experimental smokers (9.6%), p < 0.001. Girls were less likely to have bought their cigarettes than boys (p < 0.001), and black smokers were less likely to have purchased cigarettes than white children (p < 0.001). Results suggested that family members who smoke may constitute a more important source of tobacco products than previously recognised, particularly for young girls. CONCLUSIONS In this middle-school sample, peers provided the major point of cigarette distribution. However, even at this age, direct purchase was not uncommon. Sources of cigarettes varied significantly with gender, ethnicity, and smoking rate.
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Robinson LA. Aspergillus and other fungi. CHEST SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 1999; 9:193-225, x. [PMID: 10079987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic infections that arise in the immunocompromised host are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although bacterial infections are more frequent, invasive fungal infections occur commonly and carry higher risks in these immunocompromised patients. Newer antifungal agents, along with an occasional pulmonary resection, have improved the treatment options and the survival from invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Abstract
Neoplastic involvement of the pericardium resulting in an effusion and subsequent tamponade is an emergency requiring prompt decompression, generally safely accomplished by subxiphoid pericardiectomy. However, the current case report describes a patient with florid pericardial tamponade who underwent surgical decompression with transient hemodynamic improvement, who then rapidly developed progressive, heart failure and death. This paradoxical response to pericardial decompression, similar to that seen occasionally with pericardiectomy in constrictive pericarditis, may be more frequent than currently appreciated. Its cause may relate to the sudden removal of the chronic external ventricular support from the effusion resulting in ventricular dilatation and failure.
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Klesges RC, Zbikowski SM, Lando HA, Haddock CK, Talcott GW, Robinson LA. The relationship between smoking and body weight in a population of young military personnel. Health Psychol 1998. [PMID: 9776004 DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.5.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that middle-aged smokers weigh less than nonsmokers and that smoking cessation reliably produces weight gain, but recent studies have questioned the weight control "benefits" of smoking in younger populations (the time that people typically initiate smoking). The relationship between smoking and body weight was evaluated in all U.S. Air Force Basic Military Training recruits during a 1-year period (n = 32,144). Those who smoked prior to Basic Military Training (n = 10,440) were compared to never smokers or experimental smokers. Results indicated that regular-current smoking had no relationship to body weight in women (p > .05) and a very small effect in men (p < .05). Ethnicity, education, income, and duration and intensity of smoking did not affect the relationship between smoking and body weight. It was concluded that smoking has no effects on the body weights of young women and minimal effects in young men.
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Robinson LA, Tu L, Steeber DA, Preis O, Platt JL, Tedder TF. The role of adhesion molecules in human leukocyte attachment to porcine vascular endothelium: implications for xenotransplantation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1998; 161:6931-8. [PMID: 9862727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Many obstacles still prevent successful xenotransplantation of porcine donor organs. When hyperacute rejection is averted, transplanted pig organs are subject to acute vascular and cellular rejection. In autologous systems, leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues involves selectins, integrins, and Ig family members. To determine whether these mechanisms allow human leukocytes to effectively enter porcine grafts, the pathways by which human leukocytes adhere to TNF-alpha-stimulated porcine aortic endothelium were examined under static and physiologic flow conditions. L-selectin and E-selectin had overlapping functions in neutrophil capture and rolling, whereas Ab blockade of E-selectin and the beta2 integrins inhibited firm arrest of rolling neutrophils. Combined blockade of selectins and beta2 integrins resulted in negligible human neutrophil attachment to pig endothelium. Lymphocyte attachment to porcine endothelium was primarily L-selectin mediated, whereas beta2 integrin and VCAM-1/very late Ag-4 (VLA-4) interactions promoted static adhesion. Concurrent beta2 integrin, VLA-4, VCAM-1, and L-selectin blockade completely inhibited lymphocyte attachment. Thus, interactions between leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion receptor pairs remained remarkably intact across the human-porcine species barrier. Moreover, disrupting the adhesion cascade may impair the ability of human leukocytes to infiltrate a transplanted porcine organ during rejection.
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Fong AM, Robinson LA, Steeber DA, Tedder TF, Yoshie O, Imai T, Patel DD. Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate a novel mechanism of leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, and activation under physiologic flow. J Exp Med 1998; 188:1413-9. [PMID: 9782118 PMCID: PMC2213407 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.8.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte migration into sites of inflammation involves multiple molecular interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, mediating sequential leukocyte capture, rolling, and firm adhesion. In this study, we tested the role of molecular interactions between fractalkine (FKN), a transmembrane mucin-chemokine hybrid molecule expressed on activated endothelium, and its receptor (CX3CR1) in leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, and activation under physiologic flow conditions. Immobilized FKN fusion proteins captured resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells at physiologic wall shear stresses and induced firm adhesion of resting monocytes, resting and interleukin (IL)-2-activated CD8(+) T lymphocytes and IL-2-activated NK cells. FKN also induced cell shape change in firmly adherent monocytes and IL-2-activated lymphocytes. CX3CR1-transfected K562 cells, but not control K562 cells, firmly adhered to FKN-expressing ECV-304 cells (ECV-FKN) and tumor necrosis factor alpha-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This firm adhesion was not inhibited by pertussis toxin, EDTA/EGTA, or antiintegrin antibodies, indicating that the firm adhesion was integrin independent. In summary, FKN mediated the rapid capture, integrin-independent firm adhesion, and activation of circulating leukocytes under flow. Thus, FKN and CX3CR1 mediate a novel pathway for leukocyte trafficking.
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Klesges RC, Zbikowski SM, Lando HA, Haddock CK, Talcott GW, Robinson LA. The relationship between smoking and body weight in a population of young military personnel. Psychol Health 1998; 17:454-8. [PMID: 9776004 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.17.5.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that middle-aged smokers weigh less than nonsmokers and that smoking cessation reliably produces weight gain, but recent studies have questioned the weight control "benefits" of smoking in younger populations (the time that people typically initiate smoking). The relationship between smoking and body weight was evaluated in all U.S. Air Force Basic Military Training recruits during a 1-year period (n = 32,144). Those who smoked prior to Basic Military Training (n = 10,440) were compared to never smokers or experimental smokers. Results indicated that regular-current smoking had no relationship to body weight in women (p > .05) and a very small effect in men (p < .05). Ethnicity, education, income, and duration and intensity of smoking did not affect the relationship between smoking and body weight. It was concluded that smoking has no effects on the body weights of young women and minimal effects in young men.
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Robinson LA, Preksto D, Muro-Cacho C, Hubbell DS. Intraoperative gamma probe-directed biopsy of asymptomatic suspected bone metastases. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:1426-32. [PMID: 9594879 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioisotope bone scanning is frequently used in staging malignancies. However, false-positive results are common, and biopsy is usually required. In the absence of plain radiographic abnormalities or local symptoms, localization of the area of abnormal tracer activity at the time of open rib or sternum biopsy may be difficult. It often requires resection of a large portion of one or more ribs or the sternum to assure that biopsy of the target area was performed. In this setting, a small gamma probe underwent evaluation as an aid to precise intraoperative localization of increased tracer activity in the target bone. METHODS Ten patients with asymptomatic suspected osseous chest metastases by radioisotope bone scanning but with normal plain radiographs underwent open biopsy of 13 ribs and 1 sternum. Six to 12 hours before operation, each received an intravenous injection of 28 mCi of technetium-99m oxidronate. The hand-held, pencil-sized gamma probe in a sterile sleeve was used to localize the area of greatest activity in the target bone, once the bone was exposed through a small incision. Biopsy of a 3-cm length of rib or portion of sternum was performed. In the first two rib biopsies, an intraoperative radiograph with a radiopaque marker on the rib confirmed that the correct rib was selected for biopsy. Intraoperative radiographs were not done on later cases. RESULTS The mean ratio of hot spot activity on the targeted rib to background counts on adjacent ribs was 1.65 +/- 0.22 (range, 1.35 to 2.05), and the difference was easily discernible intraoperatively. The ratio of hot spot activity on the sternum was somewhat lower (1.22), but the target area was still easy to detect. An abnormal diagnosis to account for the increased tracer activity was found in each of the 13 ribs and 1 sternal biopsy in all 10 patients: metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (1 rib), metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (1 rib), lymphoma (2 ribs), localized hypercellular marrow (1 rib), medullary fibrosis/Paget's disease of the bone (2 ribs), localized fibrosis/granulation tissue (1 rib), enchondroma (3 ribs), and chondroma (2 ribs, 1 sternum). The difference in background counts to hot spot activity was best with injection of the tracer 6 hours before operation. CONCLUSIONS The intraoperative use of gamma counting is an easy, highly accurate aid (100% sensitivity) to localize areas of abnormal radioisotope uptake in suspected asymptomatic rib and sternal metastases. Use of this technique obviates the need to obtain intraoperative localizing radiographs to confirm accurate rib identification, thereby decreasing operative time.
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Robinson LA, Preksto D. Pleural tenting during upper lobectomy decreases chest tube time and total hospitalization days. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 115:319-26; discussion 326-7. [PMID: 9475526 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(98)70275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A prolonged air leak after an upper lobectomy is a major determinant of morbidity and hospital stay. Creation of a pleural tent after upper lobectomy was used to investigate whether obliterating the usual postoperative intrapleural apical space with the parietal pleura would help shorten chest tube time. METHODS From August, 1994, through January, 1997, 48 consecutive patients undergoing an isolated upper lobectomy for a neoplasm were reviewed. Twenty-eight patients had creation of a pleural tent and 20 patients did not. Demographic and clinical profiles of both groups were not significantly different. Chest tubes were removed when there was no air leak for 48 hours and chest tube drainage was less than 75 ml per 8 hours. RESULTS The tented patients had significantly shorter mean air leak (tented 1.6 +/- 0.3 days vs nontented 3.9 +/- 1.2 days, p = 0.04), mean chest tube total drainage (tented 1619.5 +/- 95.5 ml vs nontented 2476.3 +/- 346.4 ml, p = 0.009), mean chest tube duration (tented 4.0 +/- 0.2 days vs nontented 6.6 +/- 1.0 days, p = 0.004), mean total hospitalization time (tented 6.4 +/- 0.4 days vs nontented 8.6 +/- 1.0 days, p = 0.02). No operative deaths occurred. Morbidity was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS (1) Creation of a pleural tent at the time of upper lobectomy appears to significantly reduce chest tube time and shorten hospitalization. (2) No morbidity or mortality was associated with this simple, quick procedure. (3) Surgeons should consider creation of a pleural tent at the time of upper lobectomy.
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Robinson LA, Klesges RC. Ethnic and gender differences in risk factors for smoking onset. Health Psychol 1998. [PMID: 9386994 DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.16.6.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to explore gender and ethnic differences in the prevalence of risk factors for smoking onset. As part of a larger study, 6,967 seventh graders completed a questionnaire measuring variables shown in previous research to predict cigarette smoking. The results indicated that at this age level, risk factors for smoking initiation are less prevalent among African Americans than European American youth and among girls relative to boys. These findings are consistent with the lower incidence of smoking among African Americans and girls at this young age. Future research should examine changes in risk factors over time to determine whether such changes accompany the rising smoking rate typically observed among girls and African Americans later in adolescence.
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Venugopal PR, Berman CG, Robinson LA. The Pleural Tent. Cancer Control 1998; 5:41. [PMID: 10761016 DOI: 10.1177/107327489800500106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This regular feature will enhance your knowledge of imaging technology in oncologic diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation.
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Klesges RC, Robinson LA, Zbikowski SM. Is smoking associated with lower body mass in adolescents? A large-scale biracial investigation. Addict Behav 1998; 23:109-13. [PMID: 9468748 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4603(97)00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation evaluated the relationship between smoking and body weight (body mass index [BMI]) in a large, biracial sample of seventh-grade students. Participants were 6751 (5,607 African American, 1,144 White) seventh-grade students participating in an evaluation of smoking determinants in adolescence. In addition to providing, in this survey design, information about their smoking status, participants self-reported both their height and weight, which was converted into a BMI. Contrary to predictions, smoking was positively related to BMI. That is, with increasing levels of smoking exposure, BMI significantly increased. Thus, it appears that smoking is not related to lowered BMI in adolescent populations. Implications and possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
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Robinson LA, Howell DN, Wigfall DR, Foreman JW. Appearance of immune complex glomerulonephritis following the onset of type I diabetes mellitus in a child. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 30:713-6. [PMID: 9370189 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal disease is a frequent late complication of type I diabetes mellitus, occurring almost entirely in adult patients. Typical diabetic nephropathy is characterized by proteinuria, and by the histological lesions of mesangial expansion and basement membrane thickening. We report an interesting case of a 3-year-old boy who developed immune complex glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome 2 months after the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to explore gender and ethnic differences in the prevalence of risk factors for smoking onset. As part of a larger study, 6,967 seventh graders completed a questionnaire measuring variables shown in previous research to predict cigarette smoking. The results indicated that at this age level, risk factors for smoking initiation are less prevalent among African Americans than European American youth and among girls relative to boys. These findings are consistent with the lower incidence of smoking among African Americans and girls at this young age. Future research should examine changes in risk factors over time to determine whether such changes accompany the rising smoking rate typically observed among girls and African Americans later in adolescence.
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Robinson LA. Radioisotope-Guided Surgical Biopsy of Suspected Osseous Metastases. Cancer Control 1997; 4:516-522. [PMID: 10763060 DOI: 10.1177/107327489700400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radioisotope bone scanning is frequently used to stage patients with suspected or proven malignancies. Since false-positive results are common, especially in the ribs, open biopsy is often necessary. The conventional approach of visual inspection of the bone scan image to guide the surgeon usually requires excision of a large area of one or two ribs to assure that the biopsy was performed on the correct rib. A more precise method to guide the biopsy is desirable. METHODS: One technique to localize the suspicious area of bone intraoperatively for accurate biopsy involves percutaneous injection of the bone abnormality with a radioisotope followed by injection of methylene blue into the periosteum and subsequent open surgical biopsy. A more recent technique uses a hand-held gamma probe in a sterile sleeve in the operating room to locate the bone "hot spot" directly in the wound to guide the biopsy. RESULTS: Both techniques are effective in pinpointing the bone scan abnormality, but use of the gamma probe is less cumbersome and consumes less time and fewer resources. In one series of 10 patients undergoing gamma probe-guided biopsies of 13 rib and 1 sternal bone scan lesions, this technique showed a sensitivity of 100% in locating the area of abnormal radioisotope uptake. All biopsies yielded an abnormal diagnosis to account for the bone scan abnormality, but only 4 of 14 (29%) demonstrated metastatic tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Techniques described for radioisotope-guided localization of areas of increased tracer uptake in asymptomatic suspected bone metastases are accurate, sensitive guides to the open biopsy of these bony abnormalities. Due to the high false-positive rates in these asymptomatic but suspicious bone scan abnormalities, a diagnosis should be histologically confirmed.
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Brinton B, Fujiki M, Spencer JC, Robinson LA. The ability of children with specific language impairment to access and participate in an ongoing interaction. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 1997; 40:1011-1025. [PMID: 9328873 DOI: 10.1044/jslhr.4005.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of 6 children with specific language impairment (SLI), ages 8;10 to 12;5 (years; months), to enter and participate in an ongoing dyadic interaction. Performance was compared to that of 6 chronological age-matched (CA) peers and 6 language-similar (LS) peers. All children in the LS and CA groups successfully accessed the interaction, and most did so quickly. Two children from the SLI group did not access, and the 4 remaining subjects required varying amounts of time to access. Following successful access, the triadic interactions of subjects were examined. The accessing children with SLI talked significantly less, were addressed significantly less, and collaborated less than either of the partners within their triads. Few significant differences were observed between LS or CA children and their partners.
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Robinson LA, Klesges RC, Zbikowski SM, Glaser R. Predictors of risk for different stages of adolescent smoking in a biracial sample. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997. [PMID: 9256567 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.65.4.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This investigation was designed to identify the risk factors associated with different stages of cigarette use in a large biracial adolescent sample. A questionnaire assessing smoking habits and variables thought to be related to smoking was administered to 6,967 7th graders. Analysis revealed that the best predictor of experimentation with cigarettes was the perception that they were easily available. Regular smoking appeared to be heavily influenced by cost. Social influences contributed to both experimental and regular smoking, but the impact of social models varied with ethnicity and gender. Analysis further revealed that weight-related variables were closely tied to regular smoking. Implications of the findings for smoking prevention programs are discussed.
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Robinson LA, Klesges RC, Zbikowski SM, Glaser R. Predictors of risk for different stages of adolescent smoking in a biracial sample. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997; 65:653-62. [PMID: 9256567 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.65.4.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was designed to identify the risk factors associated with different stages of cigarette use in a large biracial adolescent sample. A questionnaire assessing smoking habits and variables thought to be related to smoking was administered to 6,967 7th graders. Analysis revealed that the best predictor of experimentation with cigarettes was the perception that they were easily available. Regular smoking appeared to be heavily influenced by cost. Social influences contributed to both experimental and regular smoking, but the impact of social models varied with ethnicity and gender. Analysis further revealed that weight-related variables were closely tied to regular smoking. Implications of the findings for smoking prevention programs are discussed.
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Klesges RC, Elliott VE, Robinson LA. Chronic dieting and the belief that smoking controls body weight in a biracial, population-based adolescent sample. Tob Control 1997; 6:89-94. [PMID: 9291216 PMCID: PMC1759548 DOI: 10.1136/tc.6.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of weight concerns and smoking for body weight reasons as a function of race and gender. DESIGN A questionnaire measuring a number of factors thought to be predictive of smoking was administered. SETTING The Memphis (Tennessee) school system. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 6961 seventh-grade students (mean age 13 years). This population consisted of 80.8% black children, 16.5% white children, and 2.7% of other ethnic origins. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Weight concerns were assessed using items from a restraint scale. Students were questioned regarding their smoking status, beliefs that smoking controls body weight, and their own weight-control smoking behaviour. RESULTS Dietary restraint interacted with race in that, whereas white girls scored the highest on dietary restraint, black boys scored higher on dietary restraint than white boys. Almost 40% of subjects at this school level believed that smoking controls their body weight. Of the regular smokers, 12% indicated they have smoked to control their weight, with white girls endorsing this belief significantly more than other respondents. CONCLUSIONS The propensity to smoke for weight control reasons, previously described by other researchers among white females of college and high-school age, was also found among this sample of students of junior high school age.
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Venkattaramanabalaji GV, Foster D, Greene JN, Muro-Cacho CA, Sandin RL, Saez R, Robinson LA. Mucormycosis Associated With Deferoxamine Therapy After allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation. Cancer Control 1997; 4:168-171. [PMID: 10763015 DOI: 10.1177/107327489700400210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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