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French GM, Nicholson L, Skybo T, Klein EG, Schwirian PM, Murray-Johnson L, Sternstein A, Eneli I, Boettner B, Groner JA. An evaluation of mother-centered anticipatory guidance to reduce obesogenic infant feeding behaviors. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e507-17. [PMID: 22891225 PMCID: PMC3428754 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 2 anticipatory guidance styles (maternal focused [MOMS] and infant focused [Ounce of Prevention]) directed at mothers of infants aged newborn to 6 months on their infant feeding behaviors at 1 year compared with routine advice as outlined in Bright Futures (BF). METHODS This is a cluster randomized trial. A total of 292 mother/infant dyads were enrolled at their first well-child visit to 3 urban pediatric clinics in Columbus, Ohio. Intervention-specific brief advice and 1-page handouts were given at each well visit. In addition to infant weights and lengths, surveys about eating habits and infant feeding practices were completed at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS Baseline data revealed a group with high rates of maternal overweight (62%) and obesogenic habits. At 12 months, the maternal-focused group gave their infants less juice (8.97 oz vs 14.37 oz, P < .05), and more daily servings of fruit (1.40 vs 0.94, P < .05) and vegetables (1.41 vs 1.03, P < .05) compared with BF mothers. Ounce of Prevention mothers also gave less juice (9.3 oz, P < .05) and more fruit servings (1.26 P < .05) than BF. CONCLUSIONS Brief specific interventions added to well-child care may affect obesogenic infant feeding behaviors of mothers and deserves further study as an inexpensive approach to preventing childhood obesity.
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Moiduddin N, Texter KM, Cheatham JP, Chisolm JL, Kovalchin JP, Nicholson L, Belfrage KM, Janevski I, Cua CL. Strain Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Function after Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2012; 7:361-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2012.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sandoval A, Turner L, Nicholson L, Chriqui J, Tortorelli M, Chaloupka FJ. The relationship among state laws, district policies, and elementary school-based measurement of children's body mass index. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2012; 82:239-245. [PMID: 22494095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based measurement of children's body mass index (BMI) is a useful tool for tracking childhood obesity rates, and may be an effective intervention strategy for reducing the increasing trends in obesity. This article examines the relationship between state law, district policy, and school-level BMI measurement practices. METHODS Data were collected during 3 school years (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009) as part of an annual study on health policies and practices in a nationally representative sample of US public elementary schools. Data collected included school-level data via a mailed questionnaire, and district-level policies and state laws from publicly available sources. We examined whether state laws and district policies were linked to school-level BMI measurement, either directly, or via a mediation effect. RESULTS Schools were most likely to measure student BMI if there was a state law in place (65.0% of schools) than where there was not a state law regarding BMI measurement (38.4% of schools; χ(2) = 120.91, p < .001). However, school-level BMI measurement did not differ by whether the district had a relevant policy or not (49.8% vs. 49.2%, ns). These effects held up in multivariate logistic regression models controlling for relevant school-level covariates (region, race/ethnicity, location, school size, and socioeconomic status). Schools in the south and those with a majority of White students were most likely to measure students' BMI. CONCLUSION State laws are associated with school-level BMI measurement, and therefore may be a helpful tool in monitoring and addressing childhood obesity.
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Schneider L, Chriqui J, Nicholson L, Turner L, Gourdet C, Chaloupka F. Are farm-to-school programs more common in states with farm-to-school-related laws? THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2012; 82:210-216. [PMID: 22494091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farm-to-School programs (FTSPs) connect schools with locally grown food. This article examines whether FTSPs are more common in public elementary schools (ESs) in states with a formal, FTSP law or with a related, locally grown procurement law. METHODS A pooled, cross-sectional analysis linked nationally representative samples of 1872 public ESs (across 47 states) for the 2006-2007, 2007-2008, and 2008-2009 school years with state laws effective as of the beginning of September of each year that were collected and analyzed for all states. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the impact of state law on school FTSP participation, controlling for year and school-level race/ethnicity, region, locale, free-reduced lunch participation, and school size. RESULTS The percentage of schools located in a state with a FTSP-specific law increased from 7.3% to 20.4% over the 3-year period, while the percentage of schools located in a state with a locally grown procurement law was approximately 30% across all years. The percentage of schools with FTSPs has more than tripled over the last 3 years (from 4.9% to 17.7%). After adjusting for all covariates except year, FTSPs were significantly more likely in states with a FTSP-specific law (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.28-4.67); once adjusting for year, the results were marginally significant (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = .91-3.25). School-level FTSPs were not related to state locally grown procurement laws. CONCLUSION Although the percentage of schools with FTSPs is relatively small, these programs are becoming more common, particularly in states with FTSP-specific laws.
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Rosenblatt J, Stone R, Avivi I, Uhl L, Neuberg D, Joyce R, Tzachanis D, Levine J, Boussiotis V, Zwicker J, Arnason J, Luptakova K, Steesma D, DeAngelo D, Galinsky I, Vasir B, Somaiya P, Mills H, Yuan E, Bonhoff J, Delaney C, Drummy N, Nicholson L, Stroopinsky D, Held V, Katz T, Rowe J, Kufe D, Avigan D. Clinical Trial Evaluating DC/AML Fusion Cell Vaccination Alone and in Conjunction with PD-1 Blockade in AML Patients Who Achieve a Chemotherapy-Induced Remission. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Groner JA, Huang H, Nicholson L, Kuck J, Boettner B, Bauer JA. Secondhand smoke exposure and hair nicotine in children: age-dependent differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 14:1105-9. [PMID: 22193574 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant proportion of children in the United States remain exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). We are reporting on relationships observed between parental report of their child's SHS exposure in two groups of children (ages 2-5 years and 9-14 years) with a biological marker of long-term SHS exposure, hair nicotine. METHODS Participants were healthy children recruited via convenience sampling for two age groups: 2-5 years and 9-14 years. The presence and amount of SHS exposure were assessed by both questionnaire and hair sampling for nicotine determination. RESULTS A total of 115 participants were recruited (54 toddlers and 61 youth). The groups were similar in terms of demographics and reported SHS exposure. Hair nicotine levels were significantly different by age group, with toddlers having higher levels than youth. The most important independent determinants of hair nicotine were toddler age group, receiving Medicaid for health insurance, and number of smokers the subject was exposed to in 24 hr. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that young children who are insured by Medicaid have higher levels of hair nicotine, a biomarker of SHS exposure, when compared with an older age group. Further efforts to protect this vulnerable population and mitigate their lifetime risks of SHS exposure-related morbidities are warranted.
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Fischer AL, Butz C, Nicholson L, Blankenship A, Dyke P, Cua CL. Caregiver Anxiety upon Discharge for Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2011; 7:41-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2011.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Slater SJ, Nicholson L, Chriqui J, Turner L, Chaloupka F. The impact of state laws and district policies on physical education and recess practices in a nationally representative sample of US public elementary schools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 166:311-6. [PMID: 22147763 DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of state- and school district-level policies on the prevalence of physical education (PE) and recess in a nationally representative sample of US public elementary schools. DESIGN Analyses from annual, nationally representative, cross-sectional surveys of school administrators in the United States. SETTING Data were collected through surveys conducted between February and June during the 2006-2007 through 2008-2009 school years. State laws and district policies were compiled annually by researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago using established legal research techniques. PARTICIPANTS The sample size was 47 states, 690 districts, and 1761 schools. MAIN EXPOSURES State- and school district-level PE and recess-related laws. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Twenty minutes of daily recess and 150 min/wk of PE. RESULTS The odds of schools having 150 min/wk of PE increased if they were located in states (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-5.7) or school districts (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.3) having a law or policy requiring 150 min/wk of PE. Schools located in states with laws encouraging daily recess were significantly more likely to have 20 minutes of recess daily (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8). District policies were not significantly associated with school-level recess practices. Adequate PE time was inversely associated with recess and vice versa, suggesting that schools are substituting one form of physical activity for another rather than providing the recommended amount of both recess and PE. CONCLUSION By mandating PE or recess, policy makers can effectively increase school-based physical activity opportunities for youth.
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Berry AM, Davidson PM, Nicholson L, Pasqualotto C, Rolls K. Consensus based clinical guideline for oral hygiene in the critically ill. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2011; 27:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boyle M, Lau A, Nicholson L, O'Brien M, Flynn G, Collins D, Walsh W, Bihari D. Paracetamol-induced skin blood flow and blood pressure changes. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3067019 DOI: 10.1186/cc9765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Whiteley R, Adams R, Ginn K, Nicholson L. Shoulder proprioception is associated with humeral torsion in adolescent baseball players. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Whiteley R, Adams R, Ginn K, Nicholson L. Reduced humeral torsion predicts throwing related in jury in high level adolescent baseball players. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boyle M, Nicholson L, O’Brien M, Flynn GM, Collins DW, Walsh WR, Bihari D. Paracetamol induced skin blood flow and blood pressure changes in febrile intensive care patients: An observational study. Aust Crit Care 2010; 23:208-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Phillips RA, Smith BE, Madigan VM, Boyle M, Steel L, Flynn GM, Murgo M, Nicholson L, O'Brien M, Bihari D. Assessment of the clinical utility of an ultrasonic monitor of cardiac output (the USCOM) and agreement with thermodilution measurement. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2010; 12:209-213. [PMID: 21261581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Shehabi Y, Nakae H, Hammond N, Bass F, Nicholson L, Chen J. The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Agitation during Weaning of Mechanical Ventilation in Critically ill Patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:82-90. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Ventilated patients receiving opioids and/or benzodiazepines are at high risk of developing agitation, particularly upon weaning towards extubation. This is often associated with an increased intubation time and length of stay in the intensive care unit and may cause long-term morbidity. Anxiety, fear and agitation are amongst the most common non-pulmonary causes of failure to liberate from mechanical ventilation. This prospective, open-label observational study examined 28 ventilated adult patients in the intensive care unit (30 episodes) requiring opioids and/or sedatives for >24 hours, who developed agitation and/or delirium upon weaning from sedation and failed to achieve successful extubation with conventional management. Patients were ventilated for a median (interquartile range) of 115 [87 to 263] hours prior to enrolment, Dexmedetomidine infusion was commenced at 0.4 μg/kg/hour for two hours, after which concurrent sedative therapy was preferentially weaned and titrated to obtain target Motor Activity Assessment Score score of 2 to 4. The median (range) maximum dose and infusion time of dexmedetomidine was 0.7 μg/kg/hour (0.4 to 1.0) and 62 hours (24 to 252) respectively. The number of episodes at target Motor Activity Assessment Score score at zero, six and 12 hours after commencement of dexmedetomidine were 7/30 (23.3%), 28/30 (93.3%) and 26/30 (86.7%), respectively (P <0.001 for 6 and 12 vs 0 hours). Excluding unrelated clinical deterioration, 22 episodes (73.3%) achieved successful weaning from ventilation with a median (interquartile range) ventilation time of 70 (28 to 96) hours after dexmedetomidine infusion. Dexmedetomidine achieved rapid resolution of agitation and facilitated ventilatory weaning after failure of conventional therapy. Its role as first-line therapy in ventilated, agitated patients warrants further investigation.
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Boyle M, Steel L, Flynn GM, Murgo M, Nicholson L, O'Brien M, Bihari D. Assessment of the clinical utility of an ultrasonic monitor of cardiac output (the USCOM) and agreement with thermodilution measurement. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2009; 11:198-203. [PMID: 19737122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical utility of an ultrasonic monitor of cardiac output (USCOM), its reliability in tracking cardiac output (CO) changes and agreement with thermodilution (TD) measurements of CO. DESIGN Prospective comparison study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 55 adults undergoing thermodilution (TD) CO monitoring in a cardiothoracic or general intensive care unit between December 2006 and December 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES USCOM and TD measurements of CO on two occasions in each patient were compared by Bland-Altman analysis for bias and limit of agreement. A mean percentage error <30% was considered acceptable. Per cent change in cardiac index (CI) was determined by each method. Doppler profiles obtained by the USCOM were assessed against an ideal standard ("acceptable"). RESULTS 55 patients had measurements on 110 occasions, but Doppler waveforms were not obtained on 18 of these (16%), leaving 39 patients with paired comparisons for analysis (including 27 men; mean age, 64.7 [SD, 14.5] years). Mean TD CI was 3.4 +/-1.0L/min/m(2) (range, 2.0-6.0L/min/m(2)). The bias was 0.6L/min/m(2) (95% confidence limits [CLs], 0.4-0.8 L/min/m(2)), and the mean percentage error was 56% (95% CLs, 45%-65%). Twenty-two Doppler profiles (28%) were classed as acceptable; the mean percentage error for these was 62% (95% CLs, 38%-65%). On 15/19 occasions (74%) where TD CI changed > 15%, USCOM CI also changed >15%, but three of these changes (16%) were in the opposite direction. USCOM CI changed >15% on 9/20 occasions (45%) when TD CI did not. CONCLUSIONS Poor agreement with TD and a substantial rate of failure to obtain an USCOM measurement suggest that this device is unsuitable as a monitoring tool in intensive care.
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Huang H, Groner JA, Kuck J, Nicholson L, Murray R, Bauer JA. Subclinical Inflammation, Endothelial Progenitor Cell Depletion, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescents with Obesity. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.795.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Murgo M, Nicholson L, Steel L, Flynn G, Boyle M, O’Brien M, Bihari D. Can a physical examination technique be used to determine cardiac output? Aust Crit Care 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Boyle M, Steel L, Murgo M, Nicholson L, O’Brien M, Flynn G, Bihari D. An assessment of the accuracy of non-invasive measurements of cardiac output in patients requiring intensive care using an ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (the USCOM®). Aust Crit Care 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma are conditions that rarely evoke much concern in the NICU but deserve more attention. This article examines the two conditions, reviews the literature, discusses possible complications, and leaves the reader with a heightened awareness of these seemingly benign lesions.
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Nicholson L. A problem with the Graseby 3300 PCA pump. Anaesthesia 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lowenthal RM, Ragg SJ, Anderson J, Nicholson L, Harrup RA, Tuck D. A randomized controlled clinical trial to determine the optimum duration of G-CSF priming prior to BM stem cell harvesting. Cytotherapy 2007; 9:158-64. [PMID: 17453967 DOI: 10.1080/14653240601182820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harvesting of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) from G-CSF-primed BM for autologous transplantation is an alternative to collection of unprimed BM or G-CSF-primed peripheral blood (PB). However, the optimum number of days of G-CSF administration for this purpose is unknown. We set out to determine whether cell yields could be optimized by varying the number of days of G-CSF administration prior to BM stem cell harvesting. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled single-center trial of 6 days (the standard) vs. 4 days of G-CSF administration and compared yields of total nucleated cells (TNC), CD34(+) HSC and CFU-GM cells per kilogram patient body weight. Statistical analysis was by Student's t-test. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were enrolled; 13 received 6 days and 11 received 4 days of G-CSF administration. Analysis of the first harvest aspirate showed higher proportions of CD34(+) HSC (P=0.02) and CFU-GM (P=0.03) in the 4-day group. For the 6-day and 4-day groups, respectively, the median yield of TNC/kg was 6.5 x 10(8) and 5.4 x 10(8) (P=0.28), of CD34(+) cells/kg 0.56 x 10(6) and 0.98 x 10(6) (P=0.04) and of CFU-GM cells/kg 1.66 x 10(5) and 1.55 x 10(5) (P=0.75). DISCUSSION These results suggest that by 6 days the HSC-stimulating effect of G-CSF has passed its peak and that 4 days should be adopted as the standard for G-CSF priming prior to BM stem cell harvesting for autologous transplantation.
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Gupta S, Nicholson L, Shirley D, Adams R. Asymmetry of muscle activation in a symmetrical, bilateral lower limb. J Sci Med Sport 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mechtcheriakova IA, Eldarov MA, Nicholson L, Shanks M, Skryabin KG, Lomonossoff GP. The use of viral vectors to produce hepatitis B virus core particles in plants. J Virol Methods 2005; 131:10-5. [PMID: 16112207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The expression and assembly of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid protein (HBcAg) were investigated in plants using viral vectors. Constructs based on either Potato virus X (PVX) or Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) containing the sequence of HBcAg were able to infect the appropriate host plants and remained genetically stable during infection. Analysis of HBcAg expression revealed that the protein can self-assemble into core-like particles and that the assembled material could be partially purified by differential centrifugation. Thus, the use of viral vectors can be considered a practical method for rapid production of assembled HBcAg particles in plants. This approach provides a means whereby a variety of chimaeric particles can be assessed quickly and cheaply for various diagnostic and vaccine applications.
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Stoger E, Sack M, Nicholson L, Fischer R, Christou P. Recent Progress in Plantibody Technology. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11:2439-57. [PMID: 16026298 DOI: 10.2174/1381612054367535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are an important class of proteins that can be used for the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of many diseases. Consequently, there is an intense and growing demand for recombinant antibodies, placing immense pressure on current production capacity which is based largely on microbial cultures and mammalian cells. Alternative systems for cost effective antibody production would be very welcome, and plants are now gaining widespread acceptance as green bioreactors with advantages in terms of cost, scalability and safety. Several plant-produced antibodies (plantibodies) are undergoing clinical trials and the first commercial approval could be only a few years away. The performance of the first generation of products has been very encouraging so far. In terms of product authenticity, differences in glycosylation between plantibodies and their mammalian counterparts have been defined, and the scientific evaluation of any possible consequences is underway. Ongoing studies are addressing the remaining biochemical constraints, and aim to further improve product yields, homogeneity and authenticity, particularly where the antibody is intended for injection into human patients. A remaining practical challenge is the implementation of large-scale production and processing under good manufacturing practice conditions that are yet to be endorsed by regulatory bodies. The current regulatory uncertainty and the associated costs represent an entry barrier for the pharmaceutical industry. However, the favourable properties of plants are likely to make the plant systems a useful alternative for small, medium and large scale production throughout the development of new antibody-based pharmaceuticals.
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Forrest I, Nicholson L, Platt R, Ward C, Dark J, Middleton P, Corris P. Genetic polymorphisms and Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome post lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sheen VL, Jansen A, Chen MH, Parrini E, Morgan T, Ravenscroft R, Ganesh V, Underwood T, Wiley J, Leventer R, Vaid RR, Ruiz DE, Hutchins GM, Menasha J, Willner J, Geng Y, Gripp KW, Nicholson L, Berry-Kravis E, Bodell A, Apse K, Hill RS, Dubeau F, Andermann F, Barkovich J, Andermann E, Shugart YY, Thomas P, Viri M, Veggiotti P, Robertson S, Guerrini R, Walsh CA. Filamin A mutations cause periventricular heterotopia with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Neurology 2005; 64:254-62. [PMID: 15668422 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000149512.79621.df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the clinical, radiologic, and genetic features of periventricular heterotopia (PH) with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). METHODS Exonic sequencing and single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was performed on affected individuals. Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers on the X-chromosome was performed on a single pedigree. Western blotting evaluated for loss of filamin A (FLNA) protein and Southern blotting assessed for any potential chromosome rearrangement in this region. RESULTS The authors report two familial cases and nine additional sporadic cases of the EDS-variant form of PH, which is characterized by nodular brain heterotopia, joint hypermobility, and development of aortic dilatation in early adulthood. MRI typically demonstrated bilateral nodular PH, indistinguishable from PH due to FLNA mutations. Exonic sequencing or SSCP analyses of FLNA revealed a 2762 delG single base pair deletion in one affected female. Another affected female harbored a C116 single point mutation, resulting in an A39G change. A third affected female had a 4147 delG single base pair deletion. One pedigree with no detectable exonic mutation demonstrated positive linkage to the FLNA locus Xq28, an affected individual in this family also had no detectable FLNA protein, but no chromosomal rearrangement was detected. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the Ehlers-Danlos variant of periventricular heterotopia (PH), in part, represents an overlapping syndrome with X-linked dominant PH due to filamin A mutations.
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Gupta A, Hunter SB, Bidol SA, Dietrich S, Kincaid J, Salehi E, Nicholson L, Genese CA, Todd-Weinstein S, Marengo L, Kimura AC, Brooks JT. Escherichia coli O157 cluster evaluation. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1856-8. [PMID: 15504278 PMCID: PMC3323272 DOI: 10.3201/eid1010.040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated a multistate cluster of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping, using a single enzyme, suggested an epidemiologic association. An investigation and additional subtyping, however, did not support the association. Confirmating E. coli O157 clusters with two or more restriction endonucleases is necessary before public health resources are allocated to follow-up investigations.
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Mirzaa G, Dodge NN, Glass I, Day C, Gripp K, Nicholson L, Straub V, Voit T, Dobyns WB. Megalencephaly and perisylvian polymicrogyria with postaxial polydactyly and hydrocephalus: a rare brain malformation syndrome associated with mental retardation and seizures. Neuropediatrics 2004; 35:353-9. [PMID: 15627943 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Megalencephaly (MEG) or enlarged brain occurs as a mild familial variant with normal brain structure, but otherwise is an uncommon human brain malformation that may be associated with significant developmental and neurological problems. It has been classified into anatomic and metabolic subtypes. The clinical findings associated with anatomic megalencephaly have been variable and few distinct subtypes have been described. We report five unrelated children with severe congenital MEG associated with polymicrogyria (PMG), postaxial polydactyly (POLY) and hydrocephalus (HYD). METHODS The clinical records and brain MRI of five patients have been reviewed. RESULTS All patients had striking MEG that was symmetric in three of the five patients, and mildly asymmetric in two. The birth OFC was between +2 and +4 SD. The gyral pattern was irregular with microgyri typical of PMG, which was most severe in the perisylvian region in all five patients. Four of the five had hydrocephalus treated with a shunt. Subsequently, one of the shunted patients had small ventricles while the others had mildly to moderately enlarged lateral ventricles. Three of the five patients had postaxial polydactyly of all four limbs. The corpus callosum was dysmorphic in one patient with a fused rostrum and genu, and intact although mildly thin in the others. None were abnormally thick. All patients had severe mental retardation; three had seizures and another had an epileptiform EEG. CONCLUSION We believe this constellation of findings (MEG-PMG-POLY-HYD) comprises a new and distinct malformation syndrome that we designate the MPPH syndrome.
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Hodsman AB, Platt N, Stitt L, Hodsman MJ, Baker S, Nicholson L, Nicholson B. Evaluation of an osteoporosis self-referral program to enhance management outcomes. J Clin Densitom 2004; 7:77-84. [PMID: 14742891 DOI: 10.1385/jcd:7:1:77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2003] [Accepted: 09/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common but undertreated condition. While bone density is known to predict fracture risk, there is currently no economical way of measuring general population risk. This study examined whether an economical screening technique could improve diagnosis and lead to appropriate outcomes in the management of osteoporosis. A self-referral program was established to provide women with information about osteoporosis and an individualized risk assignment. A high-risk designation was provided for postmenopausal women below the lower tertile of a calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) (< or = 58 db/MHz) or those with a SCORE value > or = 6. A telephone survey was conducted 6 mo after program registration to evaluate osteoporosis management outcomes. Of 271 women surveyed, 181 (67%) were postmenopausal and thus potential candidates for estrogen replacement, and 21% and 63% were assigned a high-risk profile by either calcaneal ultrasound or SCORE, respectively. Women at higher risk were significantly more likely to discuss osteoporosis with their family physician (p < 0.001), and to undergo further testing with dual X-ray absorptiometry measurement (p < 0.005). Utilization of estrogen replacement by postmenopausal women at time of survey was significantly increased compared to registration (p = 0.01). The self-referral program positively impacted decisions women made about preventing osteoporosis, particularly if they considered themselves at higher risk.
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81
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Khan AA, Brown J, Faulkner K, Kendler D, Lentle B, Leslie W, Miller PD, Nicholson L, Olszynski WP, Watts NB, Hanley D, Hodsman A, Josse R, Murray TM, Yuen K. Standards and guidelines for performing central dual X-ray densitometry from the Canadian panel of International Society for Clinical Densitometry. J Clin Densitom 2002; 5:247-57. [PMID: 12357062 DOI: 10.1385/jcd:5:3:247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2002] [Accepted: 03/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) is a multidisciplinary nonprofit global organization formed to ensure excellence in densitometry imaging, interpretation, and application. The Canadian panel of the ISCD represents ISCD in Canada and oversees Canadian bone densitometry certification programs. The standards of care from the Canadian panel of the ISCD have been developed in order to establish the minimum level of acceptable performance for the practice of bone densitometry in Canada. A variety of techniques are available for skeletal assessment of bone mineral density, which vary in accuracy, precision, and clinical utility as well as availability. This article focuses on central dual X-ray absorptiometry in adults and does not address densitometry in the pediatric population. Other technologies will be addressed in a subsequent article.
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Khan AA, Brown J, Faulkner K, Kendler D, Lentle B, Leslie W, Miller PD, Nicholson L, Olszynski WP, Watts NB. Standards and guidelines for performing central dual X-ray densitometry from the Canadian Panel of International Society for Clinical Densitometry. J Clin Densitom 2002; 5:435-45. [PMID: 12665644 DOI: 10.1385/jcd:5:4:435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2002] [Accepted: 03/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) is a multidisciplinary nonprofit global organization formed to ensure excellence in densitometry imaging, interpretation, and application. The Canadian panel of the ISCD represents ISCD in Canada and oversees Canadian bone densitometry certification programs. The standards of care from the Canadian panel of the ISCD have been developed in order to establish the minimum level of acceptable performance for the practice of bone densitometry in Canada. A variety of techniques are available for skeletal assessment of bone mineral density, which vary in accuracy, precision, and clinical utility as well as availability. This article focuses on central dual X-ray absorptiometry in adults and does not address densitometry in the pediatric population. Other technologies will be addressed in a subsequent article.
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83
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Torres E, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Stöger E, Shaw P, Twyman RM, Nicholson L, Vaquero C, Fischer R, Christou P, Perrin Y. Native and artificial reticuloplasmins co-accumulate in distinct domains of the endoplasmic reticulum and in post-endoplasmic reticulum compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001. [PMID: 11706200 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We compared the subcellular distribution of native and artificial reticuloplasmins in endosperm, callus, and leaf tissues of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) to determine the distribution of these proteins among endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and post-ER compartments. The native reticuloplasmin was calreticulin. The artificial reticuloplasmin was a recombinant single-chain antibody (scFv), expressed with an N-terminal signal peptide and the C-terminal KDEL sequence for retrieval to the ER (scFvT84.66-KDEL). We found that both molecules were distributed in the same manner. In endosperm, each accumulated in ER-derived prolamine protein bodies, but also in glutelin protein storage vacuoles, even though glutelins are known to pass through the Golgi apparatus en route to these organelles. This finding may suggest that similar mechanisms are involved in the sorting of reticuloplasmins and rice seed storage proteins. However, the presence of reticuloplasmins in protein storage vacuoles could also be due to simple dispersal into these compartments during protein storage vacuole biogenesis, before glutelin deposition. In callus and leaf mesophyll cells, both reticuloplasmins accumulated in ribosome-coated vesicles probably derived directly from the rough ER.
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84
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Gaucher H, Bentley K, Roy S, Head T, Blomfield J, Blondeau F, Nicholson L, Chehade A, Tardif N, Emery R. A multi-centre study of Osseotite implants supporting mandibular restorations: a 3-year report. JOURNAL (CANADIAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION) 2001; 67:528-33. [PMID: 11597345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
This multi-centre study evaluated the performance of the Osseotite implant in the mandibular arch. Osseotite implants (n = 688) were placed in 172 patients; 43.5% were placed in the anterior mandible and 66.5% in the posterior mandible. Fifteen per cent of the implants were placed in soft bone, 56.9% in normal bone and 28.1% in dense bone. During placement, 49.9% of the implants were identified as having a tight fit, 48.6% a firm fit and 1.5% a loose fit. About one-third of the implants (32.4%) were short (10 mm in length or less). After 36 months, only 5 implants had been lost, for a cumulative survival rate of 99.3%. The 3-year results of this study indicate a high degree of predictability with placement of Osseotite implants in the mandibular arch.
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85
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Wei F, Cheng S, Badie N, Elder F, Scott C, Nicholson L, Ross JL, Zinn AR. A man who inherited his SRY gene and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis from his mother and neurofibromatosis type 1 from his father. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:353-8. [PMID: 11503163 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010901)102:4<353::aid-ajmg1481>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on a man with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD). His father had NF1. His mother had LWD plus additional findings of Turner syndrome (TS): high arched palate, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic stenosis, and premature ovarian failure. The proband's karyotype was 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.3;p11.32). Despite having almost the same genetic constitution as 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome, he was normally virilized, although slight elevation of serum gonadotropins indicated gonadal dysfunction. His mother's karyotype was mosaic 45,X[17 cells]/46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.3;p11.32)[3 cells].ish dic(X;Y)(DXZ1 +,DYZ1 + ). The dic(X;Y) chromosome was also positive for Y markers PABY, SRY, and DYZ5, but negative for SHOX. The dic(X;Y) chromosome was also positive for X markers DXZ1 and a sequence < 300 kb from PABX, suggesting that the deletion encompassed only pseudoautosomal sequences. Replication studies indicated that the normal X and the dic(X;Y) were randomly inactivated in the proband's lymphocytes. LWD in the proband and his mother was explained by SHOX haploinsufficiency. The mother's female phenotype was most likely due to 45,X mosaicism. This family segregating Mendelian and chromosomal disorders illustrates extreme sex chromosome variation compatible with normal male and female sexual differentiation. The case also highlights the importance of karyotyping for differentiating LWD and TS, especially in patients with findings such as premature ovarian failure or aortic abnormalities not associated with isolated SHOX haploinsufficiency.
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86
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Latman NS, Hans P, Nicholson L, DeLee Zint S, Lewis K, Shirey A. Evaluation of clinical thermometers for accuracy and reliability. Biomed Instrum Technol 2001; 35:259-65. [PMID: 11494651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy and reliability of a wide range of clinical thermometry instruments and technologies. In a historical sense, the purpose of this study was to determine if the improvements in speed, ease of use, and safety realized in the last 100 years have been offset by a loss of accuracy and/or reliability. In view of current events, the purpose was to determine if the new generation of electronic, digital clinical thermometers could be used to replace the traditional glass/mercury thermometers. Nine clinical thermometers representing electronic, digital oral, and predictive oral; electronic, digital infrared tympanic; and liquid crystal urinary technologies were evaluated. Accuracy was determined by comparing the temperatures obtained from these test instruments with those of the reference, glass/mercury oral thermometer. Reliability was determined by test-retest evaluation. All of the thermometers evaluated were significantly less accurate when compared with the reference thermometer in this study. All of the test instruments significantly underestimated higher temperatures and overestimated lower temperatures. This study indicated that the improvements in safety, speed, and ease of use of the newer clinical thermometers have been offset by a loss in accuracy and reliability. It also indicated that the current generation of electronic, digital clinical thermometers, in general, may not be sufficiently accurate or reliable to replace the traditional glass/mercury thermometers.
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87
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Nicholson L, Maher C, Adams R, Phan-Thien N. Stiffness properties of the human lumbar spine: a lumped parameter model. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2001; 16:285-92. [PMID: 11358615 DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(00)00117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise with a mechanical model, the force-displacement response of the human lumbar spine to postero-anterior loading. DESIGN Single case with repetition. BACKGROUND Previous attempts to characterise the spine's force-displacement response have been simplistic and only considered the loading curve. These approaches ignored valuable information such as viscosity, non-linear elasticity and inertia of the lumbar spine. METHODS The Spinal Assessment Machine applied a postero-anterior load to the spines of 23 asymptomatic subjects and measured the force-displacement response. The data was analysed by two methods; by a traditional linear regression of part of the loading curve and by a new method where an equation including non-linear stiffness and damping was used to characterise the whole force-displacement relationship. RESULTS The equation developed was found to account for virtually all of the variance in the raw data (R2 > 0.993). Four elements derived by the equation determine the contributions of linear elasticity, non-linear elasticity, linear viscosity and non-linear viscosity to the overall stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Considering the excellent fit of the new equation to the raw data and its poor correlation with existing measures, it is proposed that the traditional measures provide an incomplete description of the force-displacement response. Relevance. Therapists use their perception of the force-displacement response of the spine to select the type of manipulative treatment to apply. To study this aspect of patient care, devices capable of measuring spinal stiffness have been developed, however to date the obtained data has been analysed only simply. A lumped parameter mechanical model incorporating non-linear damping and stiffness provides a more complete description of the force-displacement response and thus may offer added insight into the manipulative treatment of spinal pain.
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Hamilton DK, Harris JH, Nicholson L. Acute care design: developing a new healthcare delivery model through collaboration. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE DESIGN : PROCEEDINGS FROM THE ... SYMPOSIUM ON HEALTHCARE DESIGN. SYMPOSIUM ON HEALTHCARE DESIGN 2001; 5:17-24. [PMID: 10128967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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89
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Nicholson L, Adams R, Maher C. Magnitude estimation of manually assessed elastic stiffness: stability of the exponent. Percept Mot Skills 2000; 91:581-92. [PMID: 11065322 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2000.91.2.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnitude estimations were obtained for manual assessments of pure elastic stiffness stimuli (metal springs). 20 subjects of varied experience in manual assessment of spinal stiffness volunteered to participate. The mean exponent of the power function relating perceived magnitude of elastic stiffness to measured physical magnitude was 1.65. Exponents varied across the 20 individuals but were stable across testing sessions held at least 2 weeks apart, and the size of the exponent was not related to prior experience.
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90
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Torres E, Vaquero C, Nicholson L, Sack M, Stöger E, Drossard J, Christou P, Fischer R, Perrin Y. Rice cell culture as an alternative production system for functional diagnostic and therapeutic antibodies. Transgenic Res 2000; 8:441-9. [PMID: 10767987 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008969031219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the suitability of transformed rice cell lines as a system for the production of therapeutic recombinant antibodies. Expression constructs encoding a single-chain Fv fragment (scFvT84.66, specific for CEA, the carcinoembryonic antigen present on many human tumours) were introduced into rice tissue by particle bombardment. We compared antibody production levels when antibodies were either secreted to the apoplast or retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using a KDEL retention signal. Production levels were up to 14 times higher when antibodies were retained in the ER. Additionally, we compared construct sencoding different leader peptides (plant codon optimised murine immunoglobulin heavy and light chain leader peptides from mAb24) and carrying alternative 5' untranslated regions (the petunia chalcone synthase gene 5' UTR and the tobacco mosaic virus omega sequence). We observed no significant differences in antibody production levels among cell lines transformed with these constructs. The highest level of antibody production we measured was 3.8 micrograms g-1 callus (fresh weight). Immunological analysis of transgenic rice callus confirmed the presence of functional scFvT84.66. We discuss the potential merits of cell culture for the production of recombinant antibodies and other valuable macromolecules.
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91
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Young DA, Lowe LD, Booth SS, Whitters MJ, Nicholson L, Kuchroo VK, Collins M. IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta from an altered peptide ligand-specific Th2 cell clone down-regulate adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:3563-72. [PMID: 10725711 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.7.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is induced in the SJL/J mouse by adoptive transfer of activated proteolipid protein peptide (PLP) 139-151-specific Th1 cells. T cells responding to altered peptide ligands (APL) of PLP, previously shown to induce Th2 differentiation and regulate disease in PLP-immunized mice, do not transfer EAE. However, the exact mechanism of disease regulation by APL-specific T cells has not been elucidated. In this report, we show that 1F1, a Th2 clone specific for an APL of PLP139-151 can prevent adoptive transfer of EAE when cocultured with PLP-encephalitogenic spleen cells (PLP-spleen). Cytokines from activated 1F1 cells were detected by hybridization of mRNA to oligonucleotide arrays (DNA chip) and by ELISA. The Th2 cytokines found to be present at the highest protein and mRNA levels were evaluated for their role in suppression of adoptive transfer of EAE from PLP-activated spleen cell cultures. Abs to individual cytokines in 1F1 PLP-spleen cocultures suggested that IL-4, IL-13, and TGF-beta played a significant role in suppressing EAE. Abs to the combination of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta completely neutralized the protective effect of 1F1. Addition of Th2 cytokines to PLP-spleen cultures showed that IL-13 and TGF-beta were each individually effective and low levels of IL-4 synergized with IL-13 to inhibit disease transfer. IL-5, IL-9, and IL-10 had little or no effect whereas GM-CSF slightly enhanced EAE. Our results demonstrate that Th2 cytokines derived from APL-specific Th2 cells can effectively down-regulate the encephalitogenic potential of PLP-spleen cells if present during their reactivation in culture.
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92
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Milne RS, Mattick C, Nicholson L, Devaraj P, Alcami A, Gompels UA. RANTES binding and down-regulation by a novel human herpesvirus-6 beta chemokine receptor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:2396-404. [PMID: 10679075 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.5.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) U51 gene defines a new family of betaherpesvirus-specific genes encoding multiple transmembrane glycoproteins with similarity to G protein-coupled receptors, in particular, human chemokine receptors. These are distinct from the HHV-6 U12 and HCMV US28 family. In vitro transcription and translation as well as transient cellular expression of U51 showed properties of a multiple transmembrane protein with a 30-kDa monomer as well as high m.w. aggregates or oligomers. Transient cellularly expressed U51 also appeared to form dimeric intermediates. Despite having only limited sequence similarity to chemokine receptors, U51 stably expressed in cell lines showed specific binding of the CC chemokine RANTES and competitive binding with other beta chemokines, such as eotaxin; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 3, and 4; as well as the HHV-8 chemokine vMIPII. In epithelial cells already secreting RANTES, U51 expression resulted in specific transcriptional down-regulation. This correlated with reduced secretion of RANTES protein into the culture supernatants. Regulation of RANTES levels may alter selective recruitment of circulating inflammatory cells that the virus can infect and thus could mediate the systemic spread of the virus from initial sites of infection in epithelia. Alternatively, chemokine regulation could modulate a protective inflammatory response to aid the spread of virus by immune evasion. Such mimicry, by viral proteins, of host receptors leading to down-regulation of chemokine expression is a novel immunomodulatory mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Chemokine CCL5/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokine CCL5/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Genes, Viral
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/metabolism
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Ligands
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/chemistry
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/physiology
- Viral Structural Proteins/genetics
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93
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Midolo PD, Dakic B, Nicholson L, Lambert JR, Lin S, Russell EG. Use of a dry latex agglutination test to measure eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15:254-6. [PMID: 10764024 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS A total antibody latex serology test was compared with enzyme immunoassay serology after treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in 22 patients. RESULTS Nineteen patients were cured of infection, but only nine (47%) were negative by the latex test after 6 months. However a significant decline in immunoglobulin (Ig)G was seen in 90% of the cured patients. CONCLUSIONS Although the latex test is suitable for initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, it is not suitable for monitoring treatment success. A decline in IgG of more than 40% correlates well with successful eradication of H. pylori.
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Stöger E, Vaquero C, Torres E, Sack M, Nicholson L, Drossard J, Williams S, Keen D, Perrin Y, Christou P, Fischer R. Cereal crops as viable production and storage systems for pharmaceutical scFv antibodies. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 42:583-90. [PMID: 10809004 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006301519427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the stable expression of a medically important antibody in the staple cereal crops rice and wheat. We successfully expressed a single-chain Fv antibody (ScFvT84.66) against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a well characterized tumor-associated marker antigen. scFv constructs were engineered for recombinant antibody targeting to the plant cell apoplast and ER. Up to 30 microg/g of functional recombinant antibody was detected in the leaves and seeds of wheat and rice. We confirmed that transgenic dry seeds could be stored for at least five months at room temperature, without significant loss of the amount or activity of scFvT84.66. Our results represent the first transition from model plant expression systems, such as tobacco and Arabidopsis, to widely cultivated cereal crops, such as rice and wheat, for expression of an antibody molecule that has already shown efficacy in clinical applications. Thus, we have established that molecular pharming in cereals can be a viable production system for such high-value pharmaceutical macromolecules. Our findings provide a strong foundation for exploiting alternative uses of cereal crops both in industrialized and developing countries.
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95
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Gripp KW, Scott CI, Nicholson L, Figueroa TE. Second case of bladder carcinoma in a patient with Costello syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 90:256-9. [PMID: 10678668 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000131)90:3<256::aid-ajmg16>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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96
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Nicholson L. Health Management Strengthening Project. West Bank and the Gaza strip. IHRIM : THE JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH RECORD INFORMATION AND MANAGEMENT 2000; 41:19. [PMID: 11727420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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97
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French C, Menegazzi P, Nicholson L, Macaulay H, DiLuca D, Gompels UA. Novel, nonconsensus cellular splicing regulates expression of a gene encoding a chemokine-like protein that shows high variation and is specific for human herpesvirus 6. Virology 1999; 262:139-51. [PMID: 10489348 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are few genes that are specific and diagnostic for human herpesvirus-6. U83 and U22 are two of them. U22 is unique, whereas U83 encodes distant similarity with some cellular chemokines. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cDNA cloning, and sequence analyses show polyadenylated RNA transcripts corresponding to minor full-length and abundant spliced forms of U83 in human herpesvirus 6-infected cells. The splice donor and acceptor sites do not fit consensus sequences for either major GT-AG or minor AT-AC introns. However, the spliced form can also be detected in a U83 transfected cell line; thus the novel sites are used by cellular mechanisms. This intron may represent a new minor CT-AC splicing class. The novel splicing regulates gene expression by introducing a central stop codon that abrogates production of the chemokine-like molecule, resulting in an encoded truncated peptide. The use of metabolic inhibitors and an infection time course showed expression of the two RNA transcripts with immediate early kinetics. However, the full-length product accumulated later, dependent on virus DNA replication, similar to U22. Sequence analyses of 16 strains showed high variation (13%) in U83, with conservation of the novel splice sites. Representative strain variants had similar kinetics of expression and spliced products.
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98
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Lavender SA, Oleske DM, Nicholson L, Andersson GB, Hahn J. Comparison of five methods used to determine low back disorder risk in a manufacturing environment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1999; 24:1441-8. [PMID: 10423789 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199907150-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Five methods for quantifying work-related low back disorder (LBD) risk were used to assess 178 autoworkers from 93 randomly selected production jobs. OBJECTIVE To determine if five occupational LBD risk evaluation methods yielded similar assessments of manual material handling tasks. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several techniques are available for quantifying LBD risk in the workplace and are used in industry for job evaluation and redesign. It is unknown whether the methods yield similar results. METHODS The five job evaluation methods were the 1993 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health model, the Static Strength Prediction Program, the Lumbar Motion Monitor model, and two variations of the United Auto Workers (UAW)-General Motors Ergonomic Risk Factor Checklist. These methods were selected because they represent common practice within the automotive industry, the result of governmental efforts to protect the workforce, or models thought to be the most scientifically advanced. RESULTS Intercorrelations between methods ranged between 0.21 and 0.80. Pairwise analysis of risk group classifications identified biases on the part of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health equation, which considered jobs to be of higher risk relative to other methods, and on the part of the Static Strength Prediction Program, which considered nearly all the jobs sampled to be low risk. CONCLUSIONS There is little agreement among the five quantitative ergonomic analysis methods used. In part, this may be because of their differential focus on acute versus cumulative trauma, thereby suggesting that greater consideration needs to be given to the underlying causes of LBD within a facility before selecting an ergonomic evaluation method.
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Nicholson L. Confidence tips. NURSING TIMES 1999; 95:41. [PMID: 10085959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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100
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Assadi FK, Scott CI, McKay CP, Nicholson L, Cafone M, Hopp L, Fattori DA. Hypercalciuria and urolithiasis in a case of Costello syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1999; 13:57-9. [PMID: 10100291 DOI: 10.1007/s004670050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Costello syndrome is characterized by postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, curly hair, coarse characteristic face, and loose skin of hands and feet. Patients with this syndrome have a high incidence of cardiac involvement, including arrhythmia, atrial septal defect, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We report a 16-year-old adolescent female with Costello syndrome who presents with hypercalciuria and urolithiasis.
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