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Cancarini GC, Brunori G, Zani R, Zubani R, Pola A, Sandrini M, Zein H, Maiorca R. Long-term outcomes of peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 1997; 17 Suppl 2:S115-8. [PMID: 9163810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Pini LA, Sandrini M, Vitale G. The antinociceptive action of paracetamol is associated with changes in the serotonergic system in the rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 308:31-40. [PMID: 8836629 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The antinociceptive activity of paracetamol in the hot plate and formalin tests was studied to establish the relationship between antinociceptive activity and the central serotonergic system. Significant antinociceptive activity of paracetamol was observed in the formalin test at the dose of 300 mg/kg, while, at the dose of 400 mg/kg, the drug was active both in the formalin and in the hot-plate test. Serum paracetamol levels remained sub-toxic and the behavioral profile remained unchanged. Depletion of brain serotonin with p-chlorophenylalanine prevented the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol in the hot-plate test and in the first phase of the formalin response. Paracetamol significantly increased the serotonin content in the pontine and cortical areas (by 75 and 70%, respectively). The pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine reduced the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content in cortical and pontine areas to 12 and 19% of baseline values, respectively, and prevented the enhancement induced by paracetamol. The maximum number of cortical 5-HT2 receptors was reduced by paracetamol, while the number of 5-HT1A receptors in both cortical and pontine areas was unchanged. Pre-treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine prevented the reduction in the number of 5-HT2 receptors induced by paracetamol. These results provide evidence for the involvement of the central serotonergic system in the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol in the hot plate and formalin tests.
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Movilli E, Camerini C, Zein H, D'Avolio G, Sandrini M, Strada A, Maiorca R. A prospective comparison of bicarbonate dialysis, hemodiafiltration, and acetate-free biofiltration in the elderly. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 27:541-7. [PMID: 8678065 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(96)90165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemodiafiltration (HDF) and more recently acetate-free biofiltration (AFB) have shown good blood purification and cardiovascular stability in young and middle-aged hemodialysis patients. It is not clear if this is also valid for elderly patients. Twelve patients aged more than 70 years (mean age +/- SD, 76 +/- 4 years) on regular dialysis for at least 5 months were treated with bicarbonate dialysis (BD), HDF, or AFB in a randomized sequence and prospectively followed for 6 months (72 dialysis sessions/patient) for each procedure. The dialysis solution (containing bicarbonate), blood flow rate, and dialysate flow rate were the same with all the methods. During HDF and AFB solutions containing bicarbonate at a concentration of 27 to 30 mEq/L and 145 mEq/L, respectively, were infused postdilution at a rate of 66 +/- 7 mL/min and 2.81 +/- 0.12 L/hr, respectively. During the period of observation we evaluated the number of intradialytic hypotensions, the episodes of nausea, vomiting, headache (dialysis intolerance), body weight, the interdialysis weight gain, the duration of the dialysis session, the number of hospitalizations/patient, and the length of hospitalization/patient. At the end of each observation period we determined: Kt/V, protein catabolic rate, acid base balance, serum creatinine, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatases, and serum intact parathyroid hormone. After the switch from BD to either HDF or AFB, the results have shown a significant reduction of dialysis hypotension episodes (18 percent on BD, 14 percent on HDF, and 13 percent on AFB; BD v HDF, P = 0.001; BD v AFB, P = 0.0001; and HDF v AFB, P = NS) and of dialysis intolerance (3.3 percent on BD, 1.3 percent on HDF, and 1.1 percent on AFB; BD v HDF, P = 0.021; BD v AFB, P = 0.019; and HDF v AFB, P = NS). Kt/V improved significantly after the switch from BD to either HDF or AFB (1.17 +/- 0.06 on BD, 1.32 +/- 0.12 on HDF, and 1.32 +/- 0.13 on AFB; BD v HDF, P = 0.021; BD v AFB, P = 0.003; HDF v AFB, P = NS). Protein catabolic rate also improved in HDF and AFB compared with BD (0.90 +/- 0.12 on BD, 1.03 +/- 0.15 on HDF, and 1.04 +/- 0.14 on AFB; BD v HDF, P = 0.001; BD v AFB, P = 0.009; and HDF v AFB, P = NS). AFB showed a better correction of acidosis compared either with BD or HDF (serum bicarbonate, 20.3 +/- 1.1 mEq/L on BD, 20.8 +/- 2.2 mEqL on HDF, and 22.2 +/- 2.4 mEq/L on AFB; BD v HDF, P = NS; BD v AFB, P = 0.01; and HDF v AFB, P = 0.030). The other parameters observed did not differ. In conclusion HDF and AFB show a better dialysis efficiency and a better hemodynamic tolerance compared with BD. This fact is associated with an improvement in protein intake as assessed by kinetic criteria. Acetate-free biofiltration has the further advantage of a better control of the acid-base balance compared with BD and HDF. HDF and AFB are useful dialytic options to traditional BD hemodialysis even in patients older than 70 years.
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Sandrini M, Vitale G, Vergoni AV, Ottani A, Bertolini A. Effect of acute and chronic treatment with triiodothyronine on serotonin levels and serotonergic receptor subtypes in the rat brain. Life Sci 1996; 58:1551-9. [PMID: 8649184 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is often associated with behavioral disorders, and thyroid hormones modify receptor sensitivity as well as the synthesis and/or turnover rate of many neurotransmitters. We evaluated the influence in adult rats of triiodothyronine (T3), administered s.c. (100 micrograms/kg) acutely (once only) or chronically (once a day for 3 or 7 consecutive days), on brain serotonin concentration and on the density and affinity of two brain serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes mainly involved in behavioral effects. After both acute and chronic T3 treatment, serotonin levels increased in the cerebral cortex but not in the hippocampus. The density and affinity of 5-HT1A receptors (using [3H]-8-OH-DPAT as ligand) were not affected, while there was a significant decrease in the number of 5-HT2 receptors in the cerebral cortex (using [3H]ketanserin as ligand). This observation might indicate that thyroid hormones enhance 5-HT concentration in certain brain areas, thus causing a down-regulation of 5-HT2 receptors. The serotonergic system could be involved in the complex brain-neurotransmitter imbalance underlying hyperthyroidism-linked behavioral changes.
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Sandrini M, Vitale G, Dondi M, Pini LA. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on serotonin brain receptor subtypes. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1995; 26:737-41. [PMID: 7635248 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)00252-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
1. The lysine salt of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) at a dose equivalent to 400 mg/kg of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was intraperitoneally administered in rats. 2. After 30 and 120 min ASA did not modify the number of receptors nor the affinity of [3H] 8-OH-DPAT binding sites in pons and cerebral cortex. On the other hand, the receptor number in the cortex membranes decreased significantly using [3H] ketanserin as ligand, while the receptor number in the pontine membranes did not change. 3. These data support the involvement of central 5-HT receptors in the mode of action of ASA.
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Movilli E, Filippini M, Brunori G, Sandrini M, Costantino E, Cristinelli L, Maiorca R. Influence of protein catabolic rate on nutritional status, morbidity and mortality in elderly uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis: a prospective 3-year follow-up study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995; 10:514-8. [PMID: 7623994 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/10.4.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been recently reported that elderly chronic haemodialysis (CHD) patients have a reduced protein catabolic rate (PCRn) in spite of an adequate Kt/V. However until now the long-term consequences of this fact on the nutritional status, morbidity, and mortality were not known. This prospective study evaluates, over a period of 3 years, the effect of the reduced PCRn on some nutritional parameters, morbidity mortality in CHD patients older than 65 years with adequate and stable Kt/V. Over the period 1990-1993 we evaluated 42 CHD patients over 65 years (mean +/- SD 72 +/- 5 years). PCRn, total serum proteins, serum albumin concentration, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and serum transferrin were determined at the start of the study and followed yearly until the end of observation. The incidence of hospitalization/patient-year, the mortality rate and the causes of death were also recorded. All the patients were managed to maintain a Kt/V > 0.9 throughout the study. Twenty-two patients (Group A), mean age 70 +/- 4 years, completed the entire period of observation. Their Kt/V was 1.10 +/- 0.12, PCRn was 0.95 +/- 0.12 g/kg/day, and serum albumin concentration was 40.2 +/- 1.5 g/l, and these did not change significantly. The other parameters also remained stable over time. Twenty patients (Group B) died. Their mean age was 74 +/- 6 years. This group's Kt/V was 1.11 +/- 0.15, PCRn was 0.94 +/- 0.18 g/kg/day, and serum albumin concentration was 39 +/- 3.1 g/l, and there were no significant variations between the start and the end of observation for all the parameters studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Vergoni AV, Sandrini M, Filaferro M, Bertolini A. Opening of brain potassium-channels inhibits the ACTH-induced behavioral syndrome in the male rat. Neurosci Lett 1995; 188:29-32. [PMID: 7783973 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11387-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In adult male rats, the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of pinacidil, a potassium channel opener, at the doses of 100, 200 or 300 micrograms/rat, dose-dependently reduced the display of the most typical behavioral symptoms (excessive grooming, stretching, yawning, penile erections) induced by the i.c.v. administration of ACTH-(1-24) (4 micrograms/rat). These data indicate that the complex mechanism of the melanocortin-induced behavioral syndrome involves closure of potassium channels in target neurons, and provide further experimental support to the idea that melanocortins are functional antagonists of opioids.
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Pini LA, Sandrini M, Vitale G. Involvement of brain serotonergic system in the antinociceptive action of acetylsalicylic acid in the rat. Inflamm Res 1995; 44:30-5. [PMID: 7664027 DOI: 10.1007/bf01630485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pain-threshold in the hot-plate test and serotonin (5-HT) receptor binding capacity in the cortex and pontine areas of rat brain were studied after intraperitoneal (ip) administration of acetyl salicylate of lysine equivalent to 400 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The antinociceptive activity of ASA was prevented by ip pre-treatment with Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) at the rate of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 days. PCPA pre-treatment increased the number of 5-HT receptors and abolished the ASA-induced reduction in 5-HT receptor binding capacity in the cortex but did not affect serum salicylate levels. These results provide support for the hypothesis that the antinociceptive action of ASA, at least in the hot-plate test, involves the central serotonergic system.
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Vitale G, Sandrini M, Pini L. Involvement of brain serotonergic system in the analgesic action of paracetamol. Pharmacol Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/1043-6618(95)86899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vitale G, Sandrini M, Pini LA. Lack of activity of ketorolac in hot-plate test and serotonin binding capacity of brain membranes in rats. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1994; 41:184-7. [PMID: 7942327 DOI: 10.1007/bf02001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of observations indicate that prostaglandin synthesis inhibition is not a satisfactory explanation for the antinociceptive activity of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the hot-plate test performed 1 or 2 h after ketorolac at 40, 70 and 100 mg/kg i.p., the drug does not display any significant antinociceptive activity. Nor, at the two higher doses used, does it affect the cortical and pontine serotonin binding capacity of rat brain membranes 2 h after treatment. The data suggest that this lack of anti-nociceptive activity in the hot-plate test is associated with the drug's inability to affect the central serotoninergic system.
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Sandrini M, Vergoni AV, Bertolini A. Lack of influence of aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase inhibition on [3H]imipramine binding in the male rat brain. J Endocrinol Invest 1993; 16:679-81. [PMID: 8282962 DOI: 10.1007/bf03348909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In intact adult male rats an inhibitor of aromatase and an inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase did not change the characteristics of [3H]imipramine binding sites in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. Testosterone, estradiol and dihydrotestosterone prevented the effect of castration on the number of [3H]imipramine binding sites, but had no effect in non-castrated animals. These data suggest that testosterone and its major metabolites, estradiol and dihydrotestosterone, are equally effective with regard to imipramine binding sites.
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Cannella G, Guerra UP, Sandrini M, Gaggiotti M, Traverso GB, Rolla D, Marsano L, Mulas D. Changes in partition of extracellular fluid volumes in anemic dialyzed uremic patients after partial correction of the anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. Clin Nephrol 1993; 40:164-7. [PMID: 8403572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the effects of correcting anemia on the distribution and partition of body fluids in dialyzed uremic subjects. We studied nine (7 m, 2 f) patients before and three months after the start of i.v. treatment with rHu-EPO, measuring total body water (TBW) with 3H2O, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) with 35SO4 and plasma volume (PV) with 125I-SA. The intracellular water (ICW) and the interstitial fluid volumes (IFV) were derived by calculation from those measurements. The total blood volume (TBV) was calculated from the PV and the packed cell volume (PCV). Mean TBW, 482 +/- 45 (M +/- SD) ml/kg/bw and ECFV, 168 +/- 27.5 ml were significantly lower in patients than in nine matched normal controls, while the mean ICW (315 +/- 43 ml/kg) was similar. PCV before the start of rHu-EPO was 17.2 +/- 2.9% and had risen significantly to 31.3 +/- 4.8% (p = 0.000) after three months of therapy. Body weight (58 +/- 13 kg), TBW, ECFV and ICW did not change. TBV before rHU-EPO was 68.7 +/- 7.5 ml/kg and remained nearly unchanged, while PV fell significantly from 57 +/- 9 to 48 +/- 8 ml/kg (p < 0.025), with the calculated IFV rising from 111 +/- 25 to 127 +/- 27 (p = 0.000). The PV/IFV ratio decreased from 0.53 +/- 0.12 to 0.38 +/- 0.09 (p = 0.001). The decrease in PV/IFV ratio was paralleled by simultaneous increase in PCV in all but one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Sandrini M, Vitale G, Pini LA, Sternieri E, Bertolini A. Effects of chronic treatment with phenazone on the hot-plate test and [3H]serotonin binding sites in pons and cortex membranes of the rat. Pharmacology 1993; 47:84-90. [PMID: 8356104 DOI: 10.1159/000139082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Many reports indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exert their antinociceptive effect through adrenergic and serotoninergic systems. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of phenazone on the pain threshold and on brain serotonin binding sites. A relationship between phenazone serum levels and the antinociceptive effect was found; acute treatment with phenazone provokes a significant decrease in serotonin binding sites both in the pons and cerebral cortex after 2, 4 and 8 h, but not after 24 h. After 15 and 30 days of treatment, the number of binding sites increases both in the pons and cortex.
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Sandrini M, Vergoni AV, Bertolini A. No modifications of GABAA and benzodiazepine receptors following experimental dysthyroidism in rats. Pharmacol Res 1993; 28:47-52. [PMID: 8234144 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1993.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a treatment with L-triiodothyronine (T3) or propylthiouracil (PTU) on the characteristics of benzodiazepine and chloride ion channel binding sites in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex was studied using a radiolabelled technique. In our experimental conditions, neither hyper- nor hypothyroidism modified number and affinity of [3H]flunitrazepam or [3H]butylbicycloorthobenzoate (TBOB) binding sites. These data indicate that neither benzodiazepine nor chloride ionophore sites of the GABA complex are modified in an experimental condition of dysthyroidism.
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Vitale G, Pini LA, Sandrini M. The effect of chronic treatment with phenazone on 3H-serotonin binding sites in pons and cortex membranes of the rat. Pharmacol Res 1992; 25 Suppl 1:53-4. [PMID: 1508809 DOI: 10.1016/1043-6618(92)90536-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sandrini M, Marrama D, Vergoni AV, Bertolini A. Repeated administration of triiodothyronine enhances the susceptibility of rats to isoniazid- and picrotoxin-induced seizures. Life Sci 1992; 51:765-70. [PMID: 1513203 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In an experimental condition of hyperthyroidism, obtained by repeated administration of triiodothyronine in adult rats (100 micrograms/kg/day, sc for 7 consecutive days), there is an increased susceptibility to the convulsant effect of isoniazid (300 mg/kg, ip) and picrotoxin (4 mg/kg, ip). On the other hand, the characteristics of brain [3H] flunitrazepam binding sites are not modified. These data afford further experimental evidence of the influence of thyroid hormones on brain function.
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Metra M, Cannella G, La Canna G, Guaini T, Sandrini M, Gaggiotti M, Movilli E, Dei Cas L. Improvement in exercise capacity after correction of anemia in patients with end-stage renal failure. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:1060-6. [PMID: 1927920 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in exercise tolerance occurring after correction of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin in a group of patients with end-stage renal failure were evaluated. Ten patients, aged 29 +/- 11 years, on chronic hemodialysis treatment, with no associated diseases, were evaluated by cardiopulmonary bicycle exercise testing and M-mode, 2-dimensional and pulsed doppler echocardiography before and after anemia correction. After 1 and 3 months of therapy, hemoglobin plasma levels increased from 5.9 +/- 1.2 to 7.7 +/- 1.3 and 9.9 +/- 1.4 g/dl, with a concomitant increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) from 21.4 +/- 4.3 to 24.4 +/- 4.3 and 26.6 +/- 4.6 ml/kg/min and of VO2 at the ventilatory threshold from 15.0 +/- 3.7 to 17.3 +/- 3.7 and 16.8 +/- 3.4 ml/kg/min. After 3 months of therapy, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased both at peak exercise (159 +/- 35 to 134 +/- 22 mm Hg) and ventilatory threshold (140 +/- 27 to 123 +/- 19 mm Hg), whereas cardiac index at rest decreased from 3.3 +/- 0.7 to 2.8 +/- 0.5 liters/min/m2 and heart rate from 77 +/- 12 to 70 +/- 10 beats/min. However, no significant relation was found between hemoglobin plasma levels and peak VO2, whereas a significant relation was found between hemoglobin concentration and cardiac index at rest.
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Cannella G, La Canna G, Sandrini M, Gaggiotti M, Nordio G, Movilli E, Mombelloni S, Visioli O, Maiorca R. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy following recombinant human erythropoietin treatment of anaemic dialysed uraemic patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991; 6:31-7. [PMID: 1829146 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/6.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the role of chronic anaemia in the pathogenesis of the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of chronic uraemia, nine normotensive dialysed patients were studied before and 3 and 6 months after start of intravenous treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo). M-Mode echocardiographic estimations of left ventricular mass indices (LVMi) and plasma noradrenaline determinations were made at 3 and 6 months, and total blood volume (TBV) only at 6 months. Resting haemoglobin values were 5.9 +/- 1.3 (SD) g/dl, increased within 3 months to 10.2 +/- 1.2 (P less than 0.001), then remained unchanged. Baseline LVMi was 115 +/- 18 g/m2 body surface area (b.s.a.) and decreased significantly (P less than 0.0025) over the entire period to a final value of 78 +/- 13 g, which did not differ from the average value for 19 healthy controls. Resting plasma noradrenaline was 1.45 +/- 0.44 pmol/ml and did not change significantly, although values were reduced at the 3rd month, when decreased heart rates and slightly and non-significantly increased blood pressures were recorded. TBV did not vary because the increased erythrocyte mass was compensated for by parallel decreases in plasma volume. These data demonstrate the existence of a cause-effect relationship between uraemic anaemia and LVH, although the precise mechanism remains unknown. Amelioration of anaemia with rHuEpo, by allowing recovery from the attendant LVH, might improve long-term cardiovascular prognosis in some dialysed uraemic patients.
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Poggioli R, Vergoni AV, Sandrini M, Barbafiera L, Marrama D, Bertolini A. Influence of the selective cholecystokinin antagonist L-364,718 on pain threshold and morphine analgesia. Pharmacology 1991; 42:197-201. [PMID: 1852780 DOI: 10.1159/000138798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The intracerebroventricular injection of the cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist L-364,718, at the doses of 0.5, 5, 10 or 20 micrograms/mouse, while having no effect on pain threshold (hot plate, 51 degrees C), antagonized the analgesic activity of morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.). This effect was obtained with a dose of 10 micrograms/mouse and was associated with a reduction of brainstem opiate-binding sites.
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Sandrini M, Marrama D, Vergoni AV, Bertolini A. Effects of thyroid status on the characteristics of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta, imipramine and GABA receptors in the rat brain. Life Sci 1991; 48:659-66. [PMID: 1846659 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(91)90541-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a chronic treatment with L-triiodothyronine (T3; 100 mg/rat/day s.c. for 7 days) or with propylthiouracil (PTU; 50 mg/rat/day for 35 days by stomach tube) on the characteristics of alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, imipramine and GABA binding sites in different brain areas of the adult rat have been studied. T3-treatment caused an increase in the number of [3H]dihydroalprenolol and a decrease in the number of [3H]muscimol binding sites in the cerebral cortex. PTU-treatment caused a decrease in the number of [3H]prazosin, [3H]yohimbine and [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites in the cerebral cortex, while the number of [3H]imipramine binding sites was reduced in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, and increased in the hippocampus. Affinity constants were never modified. Concurrent experiments showed that the "in vitro" addition of T3 and PTU did not influence the binding of any of the ligands employed to control rat brain membranes. The present data further support the view that neurotransmission in the CNS is influenced by the thyroid status.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- Dihydroalprenolol/metabolism
- Hyperthyroidism/metabolism
- Hypothyroidism/metabolism
- Imipramine/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Male
- Muscimol/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Prazosin/metabolism
- Propylthiouracil/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Reference Values
- Thyroid Gland/physiology
- Triiodothyronine/pharmacology
- Yohimbine/metabolism
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Cannella G, La Canna G, Sandrini M, Gaggiotti M, Nordio G, Movilli E, Maiorca R. Renormalization of high cardiac output and of left ventricular size following long-term recombinant human erythropoietin treatment of anemic dialyzed uremic patients. Clin Nephrol 1990; 34:272-8. [PMID: 2073771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain information on the effects of the correction of uremic anemia on cardiac function and size, nine normotensive dialyzed patients were studied before, during and six months after the start of i.v. treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Pulsed-doppler echocardiographic determinations of the cardiac index (CI) and M-Mode echocardiographic estimations of the indexed left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDDi), interventricular septum (IVSi), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWi), with calculations of the left ventricular mass index (LVMi), were made on every occasion. Mean (+/- SD) hemoglobin (Hb) concentration before rHuEPO was 5.9 +/- 1.3 g/dl and rose significantly (p less than 0.0001) up to the third month, then remained constant. Baseline CI (3.4 +/- 0.6 l/min/m2bsa) was significantly higher (p less than 0.0001) than in healthy subjects (2.5 +/- 0.5 l), and decreased after the third month to a value (2.8 +/- 0.5 l) no longer different from that of controls. From pooled baseline and third month data, an inverse relationship between Hb and CI was found (p less than 0.0001). Baseline LVEDDi (32.7 +/- 4.3 mm/m2bsa), IVSi (6 +/- 1.1 mm/m2bsa) and LVPWi (5 +/- 0.8 mm/m2bsa) were all significantly higher than in controls. After three months of therapy, the only change was a decrease in LVPWi while after six months all indices, including the LVMi, decreased to values no longer higher than in controls. From pooled baseline and six months data, an inverse relationship between Hb and LVMi was found (p less than 0.0001). We conclude that treatment of uremic patients by rHuEPO is able to renormalize their already increased cardiac output soon after correction of the anemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Bernardi M, Sandrini M, Vergoni AV, Marrama D, Tagliavini S, Bertolini A. Influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on castration-induced 'depression' in mice: a behavioral and binding study. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 187:501-6. [PMID: 1963597 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)90377-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term (33-35 days) castration caused a significant increase in the duration of immobility of male and female mice in the tail suspension test (an animal model of depression), and a significant decrease in the maximum number (Bmax) of [3H]imipramine binding sites in the cerebral cortex of male mice. In the tail suspension test, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), s.c. injected 3 times at 3-h intervals at doses of 0.2, 2 or 20 micrograms/kg, did not significantly modify the duration of immobility of castrated animals and did not reduce that of sham-operated ones, while desipramine (20 mg/kg s.c. 1 h before testing) restored immobility to normal in castrated animals and reduced it significantly in sham-operated ones. The same treatment schedule with GnRH produced an increase in the number of [3H]imipramine Bmax in cortical membranes that was statistically significant at the dose of 2 micrograms/kg. It is concluded that the castration-induced depression-like behavior in mice seems not to be due to the decreased levels and release of GnRH, and that GnRH has no antidepressant-like effect in mice, at least at our dose levels; however, GnRH seems to increase the number of cortical [3H]imipramine binding sites.
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Marrama D, Bernardi M, Vergoni AV, Sandrini M, Tagliavini S, Bertolini A. Sex hormones and mood: a behavioral and binding study. Pharmacol Res 1990; 22 Suppl 1:117-8. [PMID: 2178258 DOI: 10.1016/1043-6618(90)90836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sandrini M, Guarini S, Bertolini A. Characteristics of brain, heart ventricle and spleen capsule adrenoceptors in rats bled to hypovolemic shock and treated with ACTH-(1-24). Resuscitation 1989; 18:135-7. [PMID: 2555859 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9572(89)90007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sandrini M, Vergoni AV, Bertolini A. [3H]imipramine binding in discrete brain areas is affected by castration in male rats. Brain Res 1989; 496:29-34. [PMID: 2553204 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)91049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In adult male rats, castration induces a progressive decrease in the number of [3H]imipramine binding sites in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, and a progressive increase in the hippocampus. Testosterone completely prevents this effect of castration, but has no effect on the characteristics of brain imipramine binding sites in intact, non-castrated animals. These data suggest that threshold levels of testosterone are necessary for the maintenance of a normal number of imipramine binding sites in the rat brain, but that these binding sites are not modified by excess testosterone.
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