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Aznar M, Maraldo M, Girinski T, Berthelsen AK, Aleman B, Beijert M, Hutchings M, Lievens Y, Meijnders P, Petersen P, Schut D, van der Maazen R, Specht L. Interobserver Delineation Uncertainty in Involved Node Therapy for Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alzahrani M, El-Galaly TC, Hutchings M, Hansen JW, Loft A, Johnsen HE, Iyer V, Wilson D, Sehn LH, Savage KJ, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Johansen P, Clasen-Linde E, Brown P, Villa D. The value of routine bone marrow biopsy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma staged with PET/CT: a Danish-Canadian study. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1095-1099. [PMID: 27002106 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The added diagnostic and prognostic value of routine bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) staging is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who underwent both staging PET/CT and BMB were retrospectively identified in British Columbia, Aalborg, and Copenhagen. Original written PET/CT and pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed to determine Ann Arbor stage and outcomes, with and without the contribution of BMB. RESULTS A total of 530 patients were identified: 146 (28%) had focal bone marrow (BM) lesions on PET/CT and 87 (16%) had positive BMB. Fifty-two of 146 patients (36%) with positive PET/CT had a positive BMB [39 DLBCL, 13 indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL)], while 35 of 384 patients (9%) with negative PET/CT had positive BMB (12 DLBCL, 23 iNHL). BMB upstaged 12/209 (6%) of stage I/II patients to stage IV, although this was the case for only 3 (1%) patients with DLBCL in the BMB. PET/CT identified BM involvement by BMB with sensitivity 60%, specificity 79%, positive predictive value 36%, and negative predictive value 91%. Concordant histological involvement of the BM by DLBCL was associated with worse overall survival and progression-free survival than discordant or no involvement in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS In patients with DLBCL, staging PET/CT can miss BM involvement with concordant DLBCL (less common) or discordant iNHL (more common). Routine BMB does not add relevant diagnostic or prognostic value over PET/CT alone in the majority of patients with DLBCL.
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Hoo ZH, Curley R, Carolan C, Hinchliffe C, Hutchings M, Campbell MJ, Wildman MJ. P274 Moving from rescue to prevention: real world evidence of reduction in IV antibiotic requirement following improvement in adherence to maintenance nebulised treatment in an adult cystic fibrosis centre: Abstract P274 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Davies P, Hutchings M, Main B, Hughes C, Thomas S. An analysis of the knowledge of oral cancer amongst undergraduate medical and dental students at a British University. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hutchings M. Pet-Based Decisions in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu319.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Eichenauer DA, Engert A, André M, Federico M, Illidge T, Hutchings M, Ladetto M. Hodgkin's lymphoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2014; 25 Suppl 3:iii70-5. [PMID: 25185243 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hutchings M. 236 INVITED Molecular Imaging for Personalised Treatment of Malignant Lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hutchings M, Kostakoglu L, Loft A, Coleman M, Specht L. Correlation of FDG-PET results after one cycle and after two cycles of chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mikhaeel NG, Hutchings M, Fields PA, O'Doherty MJ, Timothy AR. FDG-PET after two to three cycles of chemotherapy predicts progression-free and overall survival in high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1514-23. [PMID: 15980161 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 50% of all high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients experience lasting disease-free survival. Risk-adapted treatment strategies require better tools for prediction of outcome. This investigation aimed to assess the value of positron emission tomography with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) after two to three cycles of chemotherapy for prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-one patients with high-grade NHL underwent FDG-PET. The therapy response on FDG-PET was correlated to PFS and OS using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox regression analyses were employed to test for independence of known pretreatment prognostic factors. RESULTS Fifty FDG-PET scans were negative, 19 scans showed minimal residual uptake (MRU), and 52 scans were positive. The estimated 5 year PFS was 88.8% for the PET-negative group, 59.3% for the MRU group, and 16.2% for the PET-positive group. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed strong associations between FDG-PET results and PFS (P <0.0001) and OS (P <0.01). Early interim FDG-PET was independent of the other prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Early interim FDG-PET is an accurate and independent predictor of PFS and OS. An early assessment of chemotherapy response with FDG-PET could provide the basis for selection of patients for alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Hutchings M, Mikhaeel NG, Fields PA, Nunan T, Timothy AR. Prognostic value of interim FDG-PET after two or three cycles of chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1160-8. [PMID: 15939713 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term survival from Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is 80-90%, but the treatment has serious late adverse effects. Modern risk-adapted treatment requires accurate assessment of the patient's prognosis. This investigation assessed the value of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) after two or three cycles of chemotherapy for prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 85 patients with HL underwent FDG-PET after two or three cycles of chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 3.3 years. FDG-PET results were related to PFS and OS using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Regression analyses were employed to test for independence of established pretreatment prognostic factors. RESULTS After two or three cycles of chemotherapy, 63 patients had negative FDG-PET scans, nine patients had minimal residual uptake (MRU) and 13 patients had positive scans. Three PET-negative patients and one patient from the MRU group relapsed. In the PET-positive group, nine patients progressed and two died. Survival analyses showed highly significant associations between early interim FDG-PET and PFS (P <0.0001) and OS (P <0.03). All advanced-stage patients with positive interim FDG-PET relapsed within 2 years. CONCLUSION Early interim FDG-PET is an accurate and independent predictor of PFS and OS in HL. A positive interim FDG-PET is highly predictive of relapse in advanced-stage disease.
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Hutchings M, Hesse B, Grønvall J, Olsen NV. Renal 131I-hippuran extraction in man: effects of dopamine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 54:675-7. [PMID: 12492618 PMCID: PMC1874495 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.t01-5-01689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2002] [Accepted: 06/13/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study examined the 131I-hippuran extraction fraction during baseline renal blood flow rates and at high flow rates induced by dopamine. METHODS In 12 healthy subjects, arterial and renal venous sampling was used to measure the renal extraction of 131I-hippuran. Effective renal plasma flow values determined by the urinary clearance of 131I-hippuran were compared with renal plasma flow values corrected for incomplete extraction of 131I-hippuran. RESULTS Dopamine (3 micro g kg-1 min-1) decreased 131I-hippuran extraction from 75 +/- 4% at baseline to 62 +/- 6% (means +/- 95% confidence intervals, P < 0.001). Hence, the increase in renal plasma flow (85 +/- 23%) greatly exceeded the rise in effective renal plasma flow (51 +/- 15%, P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Dopamine induced increases in renal blood flow are largely under-estimated when measurements are not corrected for incomplete extraction of 131I-hippuran.
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Moffat D, Davis P, Hutchings M, Davis J, Berg D, Batchelor M, Johnson J, O'Connell J, Martin R, Crabbe T, Delgado J, Perry M. 4-Pyridin-5-yl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)pyrimidines: potent and selective inhibitors of ZAP 70. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3351-6. [PMID: 10612598 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the tyrosine kinase ZAP 70 has been shown to be crucial to the transduction of the T-cell receptor signalling pathway, which leads ultimately to proliferation, cytokine gene expression and T-cell effector functions. A series of 2-phenylaminopyrimidines have been identified as potent and selective inhibitors of ZAP 70.
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Nielsen SD, Clark DR, Hutchings M, Dam-Larsen S, Repping S, Nielsen JO, Mathiesen L, Miedema F, Hansen JE. Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor decreases the capacity of hematopoietic progenitor cells for generation of lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:1819-26. [PMID: 10558936 DOI: 10.1086/315136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An obstacle to stem cell gene therapy for AIDS is the limited numbers of hematopoietic progenitors available. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used for mobilization of progenitors, but little is known about the functional characteristics of mobilized progenitors, and immature and T cell progenitors may not be mobilized. This study examined the effect of G-CSF on the function of progenitors. Ten human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients received G-CSF (filgrastim, 300 microgram/day) for 5 days. Absolute numbers of immature and T cell progenitors did not increase. The ability of CD34+ progenitor cells to generate lymphocytes was examined by use of thymic organ cultures. The mean number of lymphocytes generated per CD34+ cell on day 0 was 0.72 and on day 4 was 0.09 (P<.003). The number of CD4+ cells generated per CD34+ cell was significantly reduced after G-CSF treatment. Thus, G-CSF increased the number of mature progenitor cells but did not increase T cell progenitors.
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Johnsen HE, Hutchings M, Taaning E, Rasmussen T, Knudsen LM, Hansen SW, Andersen H, Gaarsdal E, Jensen L, Nikolajsen K, Kjaesgârd E, Hansen NE. Selective loss of progenitor subsets following clinical CD34+ cell enrichment by magnetic field, magnetic beads or chromatography separation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 24:1329-36. [PMID: 10627643 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this preclinical evaluation we have compared the efficacy of three clinical CD34+enrichment procedures with respect to purity, yield and recovery, as well as risk of selective loss of CD34+ lineage-specific subsets. The three devices work by different principles and have several different manipulation steps: The magnetic field separator uses paramagnetic iron-dextran particles; the magnetic microbead selection is based on the advantage of a large surface area for immobilisation of the monoclonal antibody within a very small volume; the original immunoabsorption technique is based on the use of biotinylated antibody applied to a column of avidin-coated sephadex beads. The results of this evaluation gave a median purity 96% (88-98%), 86% (62-97%), and 49% (18-85%), and median yield of 65% (54-100%), 40% (21-74%), and 30% (8-55%), respectively. Subset analysis recognised a selective loss of CD34+/61+ after enrichment, most likely due to class I-II antibodies used for the enrichment step or, alternatively, nonspecific binding of megakaryocytic progenitors. Tumour cell spiking experiments on a clinical scale documented an expected 2-4 log reduction resulting in a number of potentially malignant cells in the CD34 enriched product. Our data support four major conclusions: First, that magnetic field separation is superior to magnetic beads and chromatography selection, mainly due to the risk of cell loss and insufficient recovery with the two latter methods. Second, that late differentiated progenitors with CD34 class III epitopes present are lost during the enrichment procedures. The third major conclusion is that chromatography selection results in a selective loss of CD34bright cells, which are most likely uncommitted early progenitors. This was an unexpected finding which may be a consequence of an imbalance between the strong forces between biotin-avidin and insufficient physical manipulation for CD34+ cell release. Finally, the data document that CD34 selection alone is an inappropriate way to eliminate tumour cells due to the uncontrolled variables and the inconsistent outcome. The only products which can be expected to be purged free of tumour cells are the ones with very minimal (<10-5) contamination in the starting products, ie products documented tumour free with the most sensitive techniques for quantitation. If this is not the case, the optimal purging strategy may be a two-step procedure including CD34 selection and subsequent depletion of the tumour cells in question.
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Weller RO, Massey A, Newman TA, Hutchings M, Kuo YM, Roher AE. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: amyloid beta accumulates in putative interstitial fluid drainage pathways in Alzheimer's disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1998; 153:725-33. [PMID: 9736023 PMCID: PMC1853019 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid beta (Abeta) in cortical and leptomeningeal vessel walls. Although it has been suggested that Abeta is derived from vascular smooth muscle, deposition of Abeta is not seen in larger cerebral vessel walls nor in extracranial vessels. In the present study, we examine evidence for the hypothesis that Abeta is deposited in periarterial interstitial fluid drainage pathways of the brain in Alzheimer's disease and that this contributes significantly to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. There is firm evidence in animals for drainage of interstitial fluid from the brain to cervical lymph nodes along periarterial spaces; similar periarterial channels exist in humans. Biochemical study of 6 brains without Alzheimer's disease revealed a pool of soluble Abeta in the cortex. Histology and immunocytochemistry of 17 brains with Alzheimer's disease showed that Abeta accumulates five times more frequently around arteries than around veins, with selective involvement of smaller arteries. Initial deposits of Abeta occur at the periphery of arteries at the site of the putative interstitial fluid drainage pathways. These observations support the hypothesis that Abeta is deposited in periarterial interstitial fluid drainage pathways of the brain and contributes significantly to cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease.
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Hutchings M, Moriwaki K, Dilloo D, Hoffmann T, Kimbrough S, Johnsen HE, Brenner MK, Heslop HE. Increased transduction efficiency of primary hematopoietic cells by physical colocalization of retrovirus and target cells. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY 1998; 7:217-24. [PMID: 9621255 DOI: 10.1089/scd.1.1998.7.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells offers a number of potential therapeutic applications. However, the relatively low titer of retroviral supernatants and the requirement for cell division to ensure integration have meant that transduction efficiency has been low. We have modified a flowthrough approach to cell transduction and have been able consistently to increase gene transfer efficiency into human hematopoietic progenitor cells. We transduced CD34 cells with retroviral vectors encoding a truncated nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) or neo. Retroviral supernatant was pulled through 0.2-micron polycarbonated membranes, followed by placement of cells on the filter. In the absence of cytokines, the transduction efficiency of CD34 cells with a NGFR vector was increased 3-11-fold over that obtained at an identical MOI in liquid culture to produce 11%-44% transduction. Furthermore, both Thy1+ and Thy1- subsets in a total CD34 population were transduced with similar efficiency, and transduction with a neo vector, as measured by G418 resistance in clonogenic assays, increased 1.5-5-fold. The mechanism by which gene transfer is improved may reflect colocalization of cells and retrovirus. Costaining of cells transduced on the filter with an NGFR retrovirus with both an NGFR antibody and a gp70 antibody that recognizes viral coat protein revealed high-level coexpression. The levels of in vitro gene transfer we obtain are equivalent to those observed when CD34 cells are cocultured in liquid culture with cytokines. However, culture with cytokines may commit CD34 cells to differentiation and has produced disappointingly low levels of subsequent in vivo gene transfer. Gene marking studies using distinguishable retroviral vectors will provide a means of learning whether the effects of flowthrough transduction genuinely enhance the efficiency of gene transfer to human marrow-repopulating cells.
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Pollock H, Hutchings M, Weller RO, Zhang ET. Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia of the human brain: their relationship to lacunes. J Anat 1997; 191 ( Pt 3):337-46. [PMID: 9418990 PMCID: PMC1467691 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19130337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for lymphatic drainage of interstitial fluid from the brain along perivascular spaces in a number of mammalian species. Ultrastructural studies suggest that there are similar drainage pathways in the human cerebral cortex. Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia, however, differ from those in the cortex in that they dilate to form lacunes and rarely accumulate beta-amyloid (amyloid angiopathy) in Alzheimer's disease; in the cortex, lacunes are rare but amyloid angiopathy is common. The aim of the present study is to compare the structure of perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia and at the anterior perforated substance with perivascular spaces in the cerebral cortex. Eight postmortem brains from patients aged 23-80 years (mean 68 y) were examined by light microscopy, by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by direct visualisation of etched paraffin blocks. The results show that arteries in the basal ganglia are surrounded by 2 distinct coats of leptomeninges separated by a perivascular space which is continuous with the perivascular space around arteries in the subarachnoid space. The inner layer of leptomeninges closely invests the adventitia of the vessel wall and the outer layer is continuous with the pia mater on the surface of the brain at the anterior perforated substance. Veins in the basal ganglia have no outer layer of leptomeninges and thus the perivascular space is continuous with the subpial space. The anatomy of the periarterial spaces in the basal ganglia differs significantly from that in the cerebral cortex where there is only a single periarterial layer of leptomeninges. Differences in structure of perivascular spaces around arteries may reflect relative efficiencies in the drainage of interstitial fluid from different sites in the brain. Furthermore, the structure of the perivascular spaces may contribute to the relatively high frequency of lacunes in the basal ganglia, and the low frequency of amyloid angiopathy at this site in Alzheimer's disease.
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Hansen NE, Hutchings M, Johnsen HE, Knudsen LM, Rasmussen T. [The human hematopoietic stem cell biology and clinical use]. Ugeskr Laeger 1997; 159:4253-6. [PMID: 9229880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Snowden JA, Hutchings M, Spearing R, Patton WN. Acquired high titre factor VIII inhibitor with underlying polyarteritis nodosa. Pathology 1997; 29:221-3. [PMID: 9213346 DOI: 10.1080/00313029700169914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We here present the case of a 70-year-old woman referred to our unit for investigation of bleeding. Investigations confirmed a high titre acquired Factor VIII inhibitor. In association there was relapse of systemic illness associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (atypical pattern) for which she had been treated five years previously. Immunosuppression was attempted, but it failed to have an impact both on the inhibitor titre and on the underlying disorder. The patient died from multi-organ failure and massive chest hemorrhage. Post-mortem showed necrotizing vasculitis of medium sized vessels at several sites, including the kidney, consistent with a diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. Although it is well recognised that Factor VIII inhibitors are found in conjunction with autoimmune disorders, this case is significant in that it is the first associated with histologically proven polyarteritis nodosa type vasculitis. The case illustrates the difficulties in the investigation and management of patients with acquired high titre Factor VIII inhibitors.
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Cresswell J, Petty M, Ferguson I, Hutchings M, Allen S, Ryan T, Wang C, Wherrett B. Langmuir-Blodgett deposition and second-order non-linear optics of several azobenzene dye polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0712(199601)6:1<33::aid-amo222>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Anderson NG, Hay R, Hutchings M, Whitehead M, Darlow B. Posterior fontanelle cranial ultrasound: anatomic and sonographic correlation. Early Hum Dev 1995; 42:141-52. [PMID: 7588159 DOI: 10.1016/0378-3782(95)01648-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to correlate normal brain anatomy as seen on posterior fontanelle cranial sonography with anatomical sections of the premature infant brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Images obtained from 93 cranial ultrasound examinations performed via both the anterior and posterior fontanelle in 53 infants, ranging in gestational age from 24 to 42 weeks, were reviewed to determine the ultrasound anatomy visible and also the changing appearances with increasing gestational age. The brains of five infants were sectioned at post-mortem according to predetermined anatomical landmarks to correlate with posterior fontanelle ultrasound scan planes. Brain preservation techniques involved fixation in formalin at room temperature, refrigeration of brain following formalin fixation, and brain freezing at -17 degrees C. RESULTS In the premature infant brain, the subarachnoid space is up to 15 mm in thickness. Occipital lobe anatomy well seen includes occipital horns of lateral ventricles, and white matter tracts to the visual cortex and visual association areas. Brain anatomy was better appreciated on sections obtained following brain freezing rather than formalin fixation. CONCLUSION Satisfactory ultrasound anatomic correlation of the premature brain is possible using a brain freezing preservation technique. Posterior fontanelle ultrasound allows detailed illustration of occipital lobe anatomy.
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Hutchings M, Dewey I, Cherry GW, Rolfe P. Flexible approach to amperometric oxygen determination. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 1988; 10:149-54. [PMID: 3361870 DOI: 10.1016/0141-5425(88)90091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo results obtained from a novel flexible amperometric oxygen sensor are reported. The sensor is fabricated using thin film deposition techniques and is operated by the application of a pulsed waveform. Development of the sensor was undertaken in order to produce a device that is capable of being sited at the interface of a wound and an overlying wound dressing. Oxygen determinations in such an environment would aid in gaining an understanding of the role of oxygen in wound healing and the type of wound dressing that would provide an environment conducive towards wound healing. In vitro data indicate that linearity of response is good although other performance characteristics are irreproducible. In vivo response to oxygen has been observed 50 h after insertion into a porcine sham wound. Expected trends were followed when changes to the oxygen regime of the wound space were effected, but absolute values of oxygen tension are difficult to state with certainty. This may be due to poor calibration stability and inadequate sealing of the sensor from the surrounding environment.
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Hutchings M, Dewey I, Cherry GW, Rolfe P. Flexible amperometric oxygen sensor with potential application to in vivo monitoring. Analyst 1987; 112:1471-2. [PMID: 3434828 DOI: 10.1039/an9871201471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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