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Gökalp E, Comert A, Gurses ME, Salman N, Terzi M, Zaimoglu M, Tubbs S, Bozkurt M. Defining the Temporal and Occipital Lobes: Cadaveric Study with Application to Neurosurgery of the Inferior Brain. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:e540-e548. [PMID: 38163584 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For surgical interventions, a precise understanding of the anatomical variations of the brain and defined anatomical landmarks to demarcate the regions of the temporal lobe is essential. Many anatomical studies have facilitated important surgical approaches to the temporobasal region. Because there is considerable sulcal variability, morphological analysis of the brain is imperative. The aim of this study was to define the boundaries of the temporal and occipital lobes and to define the variations in sulci and gyri in the inferior aspect. METHODS In 110 cerebral hemispheres variations were identified and the major landmarks of the gyral-sulcal pattern at the inferior aspect of the brain were defined. RESULTS The anatomy of the inferior aspect of the brain is defined in detail by morphological analysis of formalin-fixed hemispheres with a view to informing important surgical approaches. CONCLUSIONS Since the literature defines no clear separation between the temporal and occipital lobes, certain landmarks such as the preoccipital notch and a basal temporo-occipital line were suggested as ways of making the distinction. The parahippocampal ramus is a constant structure that can be used as a reliable landmark for the posterior end of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gökalp
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Comert
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Enes Gurses
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Necati Salman
- Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Macit Terzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Zaimoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Melih Bozkurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Castro-Fonseca E, Morais V, da Silva CG, Wollner J, Freitas J, Mello-Neto AF, Oliveira LE, de Oliveira VC, Leite REP, Alho AT, Rodriguez RD, Ferretti-Rebustini REL, Suemoto CK, Jacob-Filho W, Nitrini R, Pasqualucci CA, Grinberg LT, Tovar-Moll F, Lent R. The influence of age and sex on the absolute cell numbers of the human brain cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8654-8666. [PMID: 37106573 PMCID: PMC10321098 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is one of the most evolved regions of the brain, responsible for most higher-order neural functions. Since nerve cells (together with synapses) are the processing units underlying cortical physiology and morphology, we studied how the human neocortex is composed regarding the number of cells as a function of sex and age. We used the isotropic fractionator for cell quantification of immunocytochemically labeled nuclei from the cerebral cortex donated by 43 cognitively healthy subjects aged 25-87 years old. In addition to previously reported sexual dimorphism in the medial temporal lobe, we found more neurons in the occipital lobe of men, higher neuronal density in women's frontal lobe, but no sex differences in the number and density of cells in the other lobes and the whole neocortex. On average, the neocortex has ~10.2 billion neurons, 34% in the frontal lobe and the remaining 66% uniformly distributed among the other 3 lobes. Along typical aging, there is a loss of non-neuronal cells in the frontal lobe and the preservation of the number of neurons in the cortex. Our study made possible to determine the different degrees of modulation that sex and age evoke on cortical cellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Castro-Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane Morais
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila G da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Wollner
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Freitas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arthur F Mello-Neto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vilson C de Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana T Alho
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta D Rodriguez
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata E L Ferretti-Rebustini
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, University of São Paulo School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM 22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Ministry of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yu Q, Panichello MF, Cai Y, Postle BR, Buschman TJ. Delay-period activity in frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex tracks noise and biases in visual working memory. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000854. [PMID: 32898172 PMCID: PMC7500688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is imprecise, and these imprecisions can be explained by the combined influences of random diffusive error and systematic drift toward a set of stable states ("attractors"). However, the neural correlates of diffusion and drift remain unknown. Here, we investigated how delay-period activity in frontal and parietal cortex, which is known to correlate with the decline in behavioral memory precision observed with increasing memory load, might relate to diffusion and drift. We analyzed data from an existing experiment in which subjects performed delayed recall for line orientation, at different loads, during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. To quantify the influence of drift and diffusion, we modeled subjects' behavior using a discrete attractor model and calculated within-subject correlation between frontal and parietal delay-period activity and whole-trial estimates of drift and diffusion. We found that although increases in frontal and parietal activity were associated with increases in both diffusion and drift, diffusion explained the most variance in frontal and parietal delay-period activity. In comparison, a subsequent whole-brain regression analysis showed that drift, rather than diffusion, explained the most variance in delay-period activity in lateral occipital cortex. These results are consistent with a model of the differential recruitment of general frontoparietal mechanisms in response to diffusive noise and of stimulus-specific biases in occipital cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Matthew F. Panichello
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bradley R. Postle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Buschman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Kaneko T, Takemura H, Pestilli F, Silva AC, Ye FQ, Leopold DA. Spatial organization of occipital white matter tracts in the common marmoset. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1313-1326. [PMID: 32253509 PMCID: PMC7577349 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primate brain contains a large number of interconnected visual areas, whose spatial organization and intracortical projections show a high level of conservation across species. One fiber pathway of recent interest is the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), which is thought to support communication between dorsal and ventral visual areas in the occipital lobe. A recent comparative diffusion MRI (dMRI) study reported that the VOF in the macaque brain bears a similar topology to that of the human, running superficial and roughly perpendicular to the optic radiation. The present study reports a comparative investigation of the VOF in the common marmoset, a small New World monkey whose lissencephalic brain is approximately tenfold smaller than the macaque and 150-fold smaller than the human. High-resolution ex vivo dMRI of two marmoset brains revealed an occipital white matter structure that closely resembles that of the larger primate species, with one notable difference. Namely, unlike in the macaque and the human, the VOF in the marmoset is spatially fused with other, more anterior vertical tracts, extending anteriorly between the parietal and temporal cortices. We compare several aspects of this continuous structure, which we term the VOF complex (VOF +), and neighboring fasciculi to those of macaques and humans. We hypothesize that the essential topology of the VOF+ is a conserved feature of the posterior cortex in anthropoid primates, with a clearer fragmentation into multiple named fasciculi in larger, more gyrified brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kaneko
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41 Kanrin, Inuyamas-shi, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Takemura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Frank Q Ye
- Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Leopold
- Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ouellette DJ, Van Staalduinen E, Hussaini SH, Govindarajan ST, Stefancin P, Hsu DL, Duong TQ. Functional, anatomical and diffusion tensor MRI study of radiology expertise. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231900. [PMID: 32339188 PMCID: PMC7185578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated practice to acquire expertise could result in the structural and functional changes in relevant brain circuits as a result of long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, glial genesis, and remodeling. PURPOSE The goal of this study is to use task fMRI to study the brain of expert radiologists performing a diagnosis task where a series of medical images were presented during fMRI acquisition for 12s and participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. Structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were also acquired. METHODS Radiologists (N = 12, 11M, 38.2±10.3 years old) and non-radiologists (N = 17, 15M, 30.6±5.5 years old) were recruited with informed consent. Medical images were presented for 12 s and three multiple choices were displayed and the participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. fMRI, structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were acquired. fMRI analysis used FSL to determine differences in fMRI responses between groups. Voxel-wise analysis was performed to determine if subcortical volume, cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy differed between groups. Correction for multiple comparisons used false discovery rate. RESULTS Radiologists showed overall lower task-related brain activation than non-radiologists. Radiologists showed significantly lower activation in the left lateral occipital cortex, left superior parietal lobule, occipital pole, right superior frontal and precentral gyri, lingual gyrus, and the left intraparietal sulcus (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in cortical thickness, subcortical volume and fractional anisotropy (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Radiologists and non-radiologists had no significant difference in structural metrics. However, in diagnosis tasks, radiologists showed markedly lower task-related brain activations overall as well as a number of high-order visual and non-visual brain regions than non-radiologists. Some brain circuits appear to be uniquely associated with differential-diagnosis paradigm expertise that are not involved in simpler object-recognition cases. Improved understanding of the brain circuitry involved in acquisition of expertise might be used to design optimal training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Ouellette
- Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric Van Staalduinen
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Syed H. Hussaini
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Patricia Stefancin
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Dan-Ling Hsu
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy Q. Duong
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lai J, Xu T, Zhang H, Xi C, Zhou H, Du Y, Jiang J, Wu L, Zhang P, Xu Y, Hu S, Xu D. Fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation in drug-naïve first-episode patients with anorexia nervosa: A resting-state fMRI study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19300. [PMID: 32118747 PMCID: PMC7478752 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in drug-naïve first-episode female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Whole brain rs-fMRI data were collected from 7 drug-naïve first-episode female patients with DSM-5 AN and 14 age-matched healthy female controls. fALFF values were calculated and compared between the two groups using a two-sample t test. Correlation analysis between the fALFF values in the entire brain and body mass index (BMI) was performed.Compared with the healthy controls, increased fALFF values were observed in the AN patients in their right hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus, while decreased fALFF values were observed in their left rectus and left middle occipital gyrus. Moreover, low BMI was significantly associated with decreased fALFF in the left inferior frontal gyrus but increased fALFF in the left calcarine. In particular, the z-standardized fALFF (zfALFF) value of the left rectus was positive associated with BMI.Our findings suggest that spontaneous brain activity in the frontal region, hippocampus and rectus, characterized by fALFF values, was altered in drug-naïve, first-episode female patients with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Mental Health Centre, Xiaoshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou
| | - Haorong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Hetong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University
| | - Yanli Du
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Peifen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University
| | - Dongrong Xu
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University & New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
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Mangin JF, Le Guen Y, Labra N, Grigis A, Frouin V, Guevara M, Fischer C, Rivière D, Hopkins WD, Régis J, Sun ZY. "Plis de passage" Deserve a Role in Models of the Cortical Folding Process. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:1035-1048. [PMID: 31583493 PMCID: PMC6882753 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cortical folding is a hallmark of brain topography whose variability across individuals remains a puzzle. In this paper, we call for an effort to improve our understanding of the pli de passage phenomenon, namely annectant gyri buried in the depth of the main sulci. We suggest that plis de passage could become an interesting benchmark for models of the cortical folding process. As an illustration, we speculate on the link between modern biological models of cortical folding and the development of the Pli de Passage Frontal Moyen (PPFM) in the middle of the central sulcus. For this purpose, we have detected nine interrupted central sulci in the Human Connectome Project dataset, which are used to explore the organization of the hand sensorimotor areas in this rare configuration of the PPFM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicole Labra
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Grigis
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Miguel Guevara
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clara Fischer
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Rivière
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - William D Hopkins
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jean Régis
- INS, CHU La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 264, rue Saint Pierre, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Zhong Yi Sun
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Baker CM, Burks JD, Briggs RG, Stafford J, Conner AK, Glenn CA, Sali G, McCoy TM, Battiste JD, O’Donoghue DL, Sughrue ME. A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 9: The Occipital Lobe. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018; 15:S372-S406. [PMID: 30260435 PMCID: PMC6888039 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 9, we specifically address regions relevant to the occipital lobe and the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua D Burks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jordan Stafford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Goksel Sali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tressie M McCoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - James D Battiste
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daniel L O’Donoghue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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9
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El Mohamad AR, Tatu L, Moulin T, Fadoul S, Vuillier F. Main anatomical features of the calcarine sulcus: a 3D magnetic resonance imaging at 3T study. Surg Radiol Anat 2018; 41:181-186. [PMID: 30430185 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-018-2118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to determine the main anatomical features of the calcarine sulcus using a 3-T MRI. METHODS Fifty human brains have been explored using an MRI 3-T in Doctors Center in Beirut (Lebanon). RESULTS The calcarine sulcus was identified in 100% of cases. In most cases, it had a continuous aspect with several peaks. In all our specimens, the calcarine sulcus crosses the parieto-occipital fissure. The majority of their collateral branches and their connections with other sulci were located at the level of the calcarine sulcus properly. In the majority of specimens, the deepest part of the anterior calcarine sulcus forms a protrusion in the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle called calcar avis. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the fact that the course patterns of the calcarine sulcus are highly variable. The description of the main anatomical features of the calcarine sulcus obtained from our study can be used as a reference for fMRI exploration and is useful for brain surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Tatu
- Department of Anatomy, UFR Sante, Besancon, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU, Besancon, France
| | | | - Sami Fadoul
- Department of Radiology, Doctors Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fabrice Vuillier
- Department of Anatomy, UFR Sante, Besancon, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU, Besancon, France
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10
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Ovalioglu AO, Ovalioglu TC, Canaz G, Emel E. Morphologic Variations of the Collateral Sulcus on the Mediobasal Region of the Temporal Lobe: An Anatomical Study. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e212-e216. [PMID: 29966775 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fusiform gyrus and the collateral sulcus are the anatomical structures located in the temporobasal region. In this study, the topographic anatomy of the fusiform gyrus and the collateral sulcus is detailed to make a contribution for a successful course of temporal lobe surgery. METHODS We studied the basal surface of the temporal lobes of 38 formalin-fixed adult human brain specimens. In the morphometric analysis, the distance between anterior and posterior transverse collateral sulcus and the distance between the occipitotemporal sulcus and fusiform apex were used as parameters. The topographic anatomy of collateral sulcus was identified in detail, and 4 sulcal patterns were used to classify the sulcal arrangement of basal surface of temporal lobe in each hemisphere: type 1, single-branch and unbroken collateral sulcus with no connection; type 2, continuous with the rhinal sulcus; type 3, continuous with the occipitotemporal sulcus and; type 4, continuous with both rhinal and occipitotemporal sulcus. RESULTS The current study showed that type 1 was the pattern seen most frequently (42.1%, 16/38), whereas type 4 was the least (7.9%, 3/38). Overall, 63.2% (12/19) of subjects had the same sulcal pattern in both temporal lobes. The morphometric analysis showed that the mean distance between anterior and posterior transverse collateral sulcus was 50 ± 16.2 mm and the mean distance between occipitotemporal sulcus and fusiform apex was 26 ± 8.4 mm. CONCLUSIONS The topographic anatomy of the collateral sulcus with its surrounding structures is detailed in this study. This study clarifies and supplements the knowledge presently available to help develop a more feasible surgical concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Ozdemir Ovalioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Talat Cem Ovalioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Canaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Emel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Fang Y, Wang X, Zhong S, Song L, Han Z, Gong G, Bi Y. Semantic representation in the white matter pathway. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003993. [PMID: 29624578 PMCID: PMC5906027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Object conceptual processing has been localized to distributed cortical regions that represent specific attributes. A challenging question is how object semantic space is formed. We tested a novel framework of representing semantic space in the pattern of white matter (WM) connections by extending the representational similarity analysis (RSA) to structural lesion pattern and behavioral data in 80 brain-damaged patients. For each WM connection, a neural representational dissimilarity matrix (RDM) was computed by first building machine-learning models with the voxel-wise WM lesion patterns as features to predict naming performance of a particular item and then computing the correlation between the predicted naming score and the actual naming score of another item in the testing patients. This correlation was used to build the neural RDM based on the assumption that if the connection pattern contains certain aspects of information shared by the naming processes of these two items, models trained with one item should also predict naming accuracy of the other. Correlating the neural RDM with various cognitive RDMs revealed that neural patterns in several WM connections that connect left occipital/middle temporal regions and anterior temporal regions associated with the object semantic space. Such associations were not attributable to modality-specific attributes (shape, manipulation, color, and motion), to peripheral picture-naming processes (picture visual similarity, phonological similarity), to broad semantic categories, or to the properties of the cortical regions that they connected, which tended to represent multiple modality-specific attributes. That is, the semantic space could be represented through WM connection patterns across cortical regions representing modality-specific attributes. One of the most challenging questions in cognitive neuroscience is how semantic knowledge, for example, that “scissors” and “knives” are related in meaning, can emerge from primary sensory dimensions such as visual forms. It is often assumed that in the human brain, semantics are stored in regions of the brain cortex, where distinct types of modality-specific information are transferred to and bind together. We tested an alternative hypothesis—“representation by connection”—in which higher-order semantic information could be coded by means of connection patterns between cortical regions. Combining data from behavior and brain imaging of 80 patients with brain lesions, we applied machine learning to construct the mapping models between the lesion patterns on axonal tracts (white matter) and item-specific object-naming performances. We found that specific white matter lesions produced deficits in object naming associated with the object’s semantic space, but not relevant to its primary dimension. The naming performances of semantically related objects were better predicted from white matter lesion-pattern models. That is, the higher-order semantic space could be coded in patterns of brain connections by linking cortical areas that do not necessarily contain such information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosha Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Suyu Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Luping Song
- Rehabilitation College of Capital Medical University, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaolang Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Humphreys GW, Kyllingsbaek S, Watson DG, Olivers CNL, Law I, Paulson OB. Parieto–Occipital Areas Involved in Efficient Filtering in Search: A Time Course Analysis of Visual Marking using Behavioural and Functional Imaging Procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:610-35. [PMID: 15204126 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Search for a colour–form conjunction target can be facilitated by presenting one set of distractors prior to the second set of distractors and the target: the preview benefit (Watson & Humphreys, 1997). The early presentation of one set of distractors enables them to be efficiently filtered from search. We report two studies investigating the time course of the preview benefit. In Experiment 1 we use a standard reaction time analysis to show that the benefit has a relatively slow time course; old items need to precede the new set by 600 ms or more in order to be fully filtered from search. Furthermore, the reductions in reaction time across time in the preview condition varied nonlinearly with the display size, suggesting that old items were discounted from search in parallel. In Experiment 2 we examined the neural locus of this filtering effect over time, using positron emission tomography (PET). We show that regions of parieto–occipital cortex are selectively activated in a preview search condition relative to a detection baseline. These regions also increase in activation as the preview interval increases (and search then becomes easier), consistent with them modulating the parallel filtering of distractors from targets in spatial search. Interestingly, the same areas as those activated in preview search were also active in conjunction search relative to its own detection baseline. Thus these regions either modulate parallel filtering in conjunction search too, or they modulate different behavioural functions according to task constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn W Humphreys
- Behavioural Brain Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
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13
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Burke SM, Manzouri AH, Savic I. Structural connections in the brain in relation to gender identity and sexual orientation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17954. [PMID: 29263327 PMCID: PMC5738422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both transgenderism and homosexuality are facets of human biology, believed to derive from different sexual differentiation of the brain. The two phenomena are, however, fundamentally unalike, despite an increased prevalence of homosexuality among transgender populations. Transgenderism is associated with strong feelings of incongruence between one's physical sex and experienced gender, not reported in homosexual persons. The present study searches to find neural correlates for the respective conditions, using fractional anisotropy (FA) as a measure of white matter connections that has consistently shown sex differences. We compared FA in 40 transgender men (female birth-assigned sex) and 27 transgender women (male birth-assigned sex), with both homosexual (29 male, 30 female) and heterosexual (40 male, 40 female) cisgender controls. Previously reported sex differences in FA were reproduced in cis-heterosexual groups, but were not found among the cis-homosexual groups. After controlling for sexual orientation, the transgender groups showed sex-typical FA-values. The only exception was the right inferior fronto-occipital tract, connecting parietal and frontal brain areas that mediate own body perception. Our findings suggest that the neuroanatomical signature of transgenderism is related to brain areas processing the perception of self and body ownership, whereas homosexuality seems to be associated with less cerebral sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Burke
- Brain & Development Research Centre, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Amir H Manzouri
- Stressmotagningen, S:t Göransgatan 84, 112 38, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivanka Savic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Makris N, Zhu A, Papadimitriou GM, Mouradian P, Ng I, Scaccianoce E, Baselli G, Baglio F, Shenton ME, Rathi Y, Dickerson B, Yeterian E, Kubicki M. Mapping temporo-parietal and temporo-occipital cortico-cortical connections of the human middle longitudinal fascicle in subject-specific, probabilistic, and stereotaxic Talairach spaces. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:1258-1277. [PMID: 27714552 PMCID: PMC5382125 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Originally, the middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF) was defined as a long association fiber tract connecting the superior temporal gyrus and temporal pole with the angular gyrus. More recently its description has been expanded to include all long postrolandic cortico-cortical association connections of the superior temporal gyrus and dorsal temporal pole with the parietal and occipital lobes. Despite its location and size, which makes MdLF one of the most prominent cerebral association fiber tracts, its discovery in humans is recent. Given the absence of a gold standard in humans for this fiber tract, its precise and complete connectivity remains to be determined with certainty. In this study using high angular resolution diffusion MRI (HARDI), we delineated for the first time, six major fiber connections of the human MdLF, four of which are temporo-parietal and two temporo-occipital, by examining morphology, topography, cortical connections, biophysical measures, volume and length in seventy brains. Considering the cortical affiliations of the different connections of MdLF we suggested that this fiber tract may be related to language, attention and integrative higher level visual and auditory processing associated functions. Furthermore, given the extensive connectivity provided to superior temporal gyrus and temporal pole with the parietal and occipital lobes, MdLF may be involved in several neurological and psychiatric conditions such as primary progressive aphasia and other aphasic syndromes, some forms of behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, atypical forms of Alzheimer's disease, corticobasal degeneration, schizophrenia as well as attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder and neglect disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Makris
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School (Affiliated School/Hospital), Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - A Zhu
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - G M Papadimitriou
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - P Mouradian
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - I Ng
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - E Scaccianoce
- Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Baselli
- Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Baglio
- Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Y Rathi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - B Dickerson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - E Yeterian
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, 04901, USA
| | - M Kubicki
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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15
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Takemura H, Pestilli F, Weiner KS, Keliris GA, Landi SM, Sliwa J, Ye FQ, Barnett MA, Leopold DA, Freiwald WA, Logothetis NK, Wandell BA. Occipital White Matter Tracts in Human and Macaque. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:3346-3359. [PMID: 28369290 PMCID: PMC5890896 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We compare several major white-matter tracts in human and macaque occipital lobe using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. The comparison suggests similarities but also significant differences in the tracts. There are several apparently homologous tracts in the 2 species, including the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), optic radiation, forceps major, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). There is one large human tract, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, with no corresponding fasciculus in macaque. We could identify the macaque VOF (mVOF), which has been little studied. Its position is consistent with classical invasive anatomical studies by Wernicke. VOF homology is supported by similarity of the endpoints in V3A and ventral V4 across species. The mVOF fibers intertwine with the dorsal segment of the ILF, but the human VOF appears to be lateral to the ILF. These similarities and differences between the occipital lobe tracts will be useful in establishing which circuitry in the macaque can serve as an accurate model for human visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Takemura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Georgios A. Keliris
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
- Bio-Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Sofia M. Landi
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julia Sliwa
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frank Q. Ye
- Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - David A. Leopold
- Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Winrich A. Freiwald
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Brian A. Wandell
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Zhang X, Tang Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Tong S. Study of functional brain homogeneity in female patients with major depressive disorder. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:2562-2565. [PMID: 28268845 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Women are at a twofold higher risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) than that of men. However, the investigation of female MDD patients functional brain activity is rare and the detailed mechanism remains unclear. The present work is to explore the altered spontaneous neural activity measured with regional homogeneity (ReHo) in female MDD patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. Twelve MDD females and twelve matched healthy participants were included in the study. The ReHo analysis method was used to detect regional homogeneity features across the whole brain. Increased ReHo value was found in the left anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC_L) and right fusiform gyrus, and decreased ReHo value in the right putamen, left middle frontal gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus was shown in female MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Also, a significant positive correlation between patients ReHo value and HAMA score (r = 0.59, p = 0.045) was found in the ACC_L. The study of spontaneous neuronal activity alteration using ReHo analysis improves our understanding about the mechanism of female depression.
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17
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Mikkelsen M, Singh KD, Brealy JA, Linden DEJ, Evans CJ. Quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 1 H MRS volumes composed heterogeneously of grey and white matter. NMR Biomed 2016; 29:1644-1655. [PMID: 27687518 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration using localised MRS suffers from partial volume effects related to differences in the intrinsic concentration of GABA in grey (GM) and white (WM) matter. These differences can be represented as a ratio between intrinsic GABA in GM and WM: rM . Individual differences in GM tissue volume can therefore potentially drive apparent concentration differences. Here, a quantification method that corrects for these effects is formulated and empirically validated. Quantification using tissue water as an internal concentration reference has been described previously. Partial volume effects attributed to rM can be accounted for by incorporating into this established method an additional multiplicative correction factor based on measured or literature values of rM weighted by the proportion of GM and WM within tissue-segmented MRS volumes. Simulations were performed to test the sensitivity of this correction using different assumptions of rM taken from previous studies. The tissue correction method was then validated by applying it to an independent dataset of in vivo GABA measurements using an empirically measured value of rM . It was shown that incorrect assumptions of rM can lead to overcorrection and inflation of GABA concentration measurements quantified in volumes composed predominantly of WM. For the independent dataset, GABA concentration was linearly related to GM tissue volume when only the water signal was corrected for partial volume effects. Performing a full correction that additionally accounts for partial volume effects ascribed to rM successfully removed this dependence. With an appropriate assumption of the ratio of intrinsic GABA concentration in GM and WM, GABA measurements can be corrected for partial volume effects, potentially leading to a reduction in between-participant variance, increased power in statistical tests and better discriminability of true effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mikkelsen
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Krish D Singh
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brealy
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C John Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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18
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van de Bank BL, Orzada S, Smits F, Lagemaat MW, Rodgers CT, Bitz AK, Scheenen TWJ. Optimized (31)P MRS in the human brain at 7 T with a dedicated RF coil setup. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:1570-8. [PMID: 26492089 PMCID: PMC4744789 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and construction of a dedicated RF coil setup for human brain imaging ((1)H) and spectroscopy ((31)P) at ultra-high magnetic field strength (7 T) is presented. The setup is optimized for signal handling at the resonance frequencies for (1)H (297.2 MHz) and (31)P (120.3 MHz). It consists of an eight-channel (1)H transmit-receive head coil with multi-transmit capabilities, and an insertable, actively detunable (31)P birdcage (transmit-receive and transmit only), which can be combined with a seven-channel receive-only (31)P array. The setup enables anatomical imaging and (31)P studies without removal of the coil or the patient. By separating transmit and receive channels and by optimized addition of array signals with whitened singular value decomposition we can obtain a sevenfold increase in SNR of (31)P signals in the occipital lobe of the human brain compared with the birdcage alone. These signals can be further enhanced by 30 ± 9% using the nuclear Overhauser effect by B1-shimmed low-power irradiation of water protons. Together, these features enable acquisition of (31)P MRSI at high spatial resolutions (3.0 cm(3) voxel) in the occipital lobe of the human brain in clinically acceptable scan times (~15 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart L van de Bank
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Orzada
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frits Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam W Lagemaat
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher T Rodgers
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas K Bitz
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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19
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Marshall TR, Bergmann TO, Jensen O. Frontoparietal Structural Connectivity Mediates the Top-Down Control of Neuronal Synchronization Associated with Selective Attention. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002272. [PMID: 26441286 PMCID: PMC4595220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal synchronization reflected by oscillatory brain activity has been strongly implicated in the mechanisms supporting selective gating. We here aimed at identifying the anatomical pathways in humans supporting the top-down control of neuronal synchronization. We first collected diffusion imaging data using magnetic resonance imaging to identify the medial branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), a white-matter tract connecting frontal control areas to parietal regions. We then quantified the modulations in oscillatory activity using magnetoencephalography in the same subjects performing a spatial attention task. We found that subjects with a stronger SLF volume in the right compared to the left hemisphere (or vice versa) also were the subjects who had a better ability to modulate right compared to left hemisphere alpha and gamma band synchronization, with the latter also predicting biases in reaction time. Our findings implicate the medial branch of the SLF in mediating top-down control of neuronal synchronization in sensory regions that support selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rhys Marshall
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Jensen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Chou WC, Duann JR, She HC, Huang LY, Jung TP. Explore the Functional Connectivity between Brain Regions during a Chemistry Working Memory Task. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129019. [PMID: 26039885 PMCID: PMC4454549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have rarely examined how temporal dynamic patterns, event-related coherence, and phase-locking are related to each other. This study assessed reaction-time-sorted spectral perturbation and event-related spectral perturbation in order to examine the temporal dynamic patterns in the frontal midline (F), central parietal (CP), and occipital (O) regions during a chemistry working memory task at theta, alpha, and beta frequencies. Furthermore, the functional connectivity between F-CP, CP-O, and F-O were assessed by component event-related coherence (ERCoh) and component phase-locking (PL) at different frequency bands. In addition, this study examined whether the temporal dynamic patterns are consistent with the functional connectivity patterns across different frequencies and time courses. Component ERCoh/PL measured the interactions between different independent components decomposed from the scalp EEG, mixtures of time courses of activities arising from different brain, and artifactual sources. The results indicate that the O and CP regions’ temporal dynamic patterns are similar to each other. Furthermore, pronounced component ERCoh/PL patterns were found to exist between the O and CP regions across each stimulus and probe presentation, in both theta and alpha frequencies. The consistent theta component ERCoh/PL between the F and O regions was found at the first stimulus and after probe presentation. These findings demonstrate that temporal dynamic patterns at different regions are in accordance with the functional connectivity patterns. Such coordinated and robust EEG temporal dynamics and component ERCoh/PL patterns suggest that these brain regions’ neurons work together both to induce similar event-related spectral perturbation and to synchronize or desynchronize simultaneously in order to swiftly accomplish a particular goal. The possible mechanisms for such distinct component phase-locking and coherence patterns were also further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Chou
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ren Duann
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center and Graduate Institute of Clinical and Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Ching She
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Li-Yu Huang
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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Yu R, Wang B, Li S, Wang J, Zhou F, Chu S, He X, Wen X, Ni X, Liu L, Xie Q, Huang R. Cognitive enhancement of healthy young adults with hyperbaric oxygen: A preliminary resting-state fMRI study. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2058-67. [PMID: 25703942 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, no study has examined the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the cognitive performance and spontaneous brain activity in healthy adults using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Our aim was to reveal the neural mechanism underlying the change in cognitive performance caused by increased oxygen. METHODS In this study, we acquired fMRI data from 20 healthy young adults and used placebo-controlled (PBO) rsfMRI to identify the effect of HBO on the cognitive measures and the regional homogeneity (ReHo) in healthy adults. RESULTS Compared to the PBO group, the HBO group showed the following: (1) the scores of the spatial working memory and memory quotient were significantly increased after HBO administration; (2) the ReHo value was significantly increased in three clusters, the left hippocampus, right inferior frontal, and lingual gyri, and for these three clusters, their functional connectivity with the subcortical brain system was significantly increased after HBO administration; and (3) the changes of ReHo values in these clusters generated by HBO administration were correlated with several aspects of cognitive performance, clarifying the cognitive locus of the effect. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the increased availability of oxygen can, to some extent, improve memory performance. SIGNIFICANT Our findings may improve our understanding of the role of HBO in clinical and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Yu
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Neurorehabilitation, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumei Li
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Neurorehabilitation, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Chu
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Neurorehabilitation, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyou He
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ni
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Neurorehabilitation, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqing Liu
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyou Xie
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Neurorehabilitation, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Forkel SJ, Mahmood S, Vergani F, Catani M. The white matter of the human cerebrum: part I The occipital lobe by Heinrich Sachs. Cortex 2015; 62:182-202. [PMID: 25527430 PMCID: PMC4298656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This is the first complete translation of Heinrich Sachs' outstanding white matter atlas dedicated to the occipital lobe. This work is accompanied by a prologue by Prof Carl Wernicke who for many years was Sachs' mentor in Breslau and enthusiastically supported his work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Forkel
- University College London, Department of Psychology and Language Sciences, Research Division of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, UK; Natbrainlab, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Sajedha Mahmood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francesco Vergani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marco Catani
- Natbrainlab, Department of Forensics and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) is historically described as the longest associative bundle in the human brain and it connects various parts of the occipital cortex, temporo-basal area and the superior parietal lobule to the frontal lobe through the external/extreme capsule complex. The exact functional role and the detailed anatomical definition of the IFOF are still under debate within the scientific community. In this study we present a fiber tracking dissection of the right and left IFOF by using a q-ball residual-bootstrap reconstruction of High-Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) data sets in 20 healthy subjects. By defining a single seed region of interest on the coronal fractional anisotropy (FA) color map of each subject, we investigated all the pathways connecting the parietal, occipital and posterior temporal cortices to the frontal lobe through the external/extreme capsule. In line with recent post-mortem dissection studies we found more extended anterior-posterior association connections than the “classical” fronto-occipital representation of the IFOF. In particular the pathways we evidenced showed: a) diffuse projections in the frontal lobe, b) fronto-parietal lobes connections trough the external capsule in almost all the subjects and c) widespread connections in the posterior regions. Our study represents the first consistent in vivo demonstration across a large group of individuals of these novel anterior and posterior terminations of the IFOF detailed described only by post-mortem anatomical dissection. Furthermore our work establishes the feasibility of consistent in vivo mapping of this architecture with independent in vivo methodologies. In conclusion q-ball tractography dissection supports a more complex definition of IFOF, which includes several subcomponents likely underlying specific function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Caverzasi
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nico Papinutto
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bagrat Amirbekian
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California Berkeley, San Francisco/Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mitchel S. Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Roland G. Henry
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California Berkeley, San Francisco/Berkeley, California, United States of America
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25
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Konstantinov KV, Leonova MK, Miroshnikov DB, Klimenko VM. [Specifics of perception of acoustic image of intrinsic bioelectric brain activity]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2014; 100:710-721. [PMID: 25665396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the particularities of perception of the acoustic image of intrinsic EEG. We found that the assessment of perception of sounds, the presentation of which was synchronized and was agreed with current bioelectric brain activity, is higher that assessment of perception of acoustic EEG image presented in recorded form. Presentation of recorded acoustic image of EEG is accompanied by increased activity of beta-band in the frontal areas, while real-time presentation of acoustic EEG image is accompanied by the increase of slow wave activity: theta- and delta-bands of occipital areas of the brain. Increase activity in theta- and delta-bands of occipital areas in sessions of hearing the acoustic image of EEG in real time depend on the baseline frequency structure of EEG and correlates with expression of alpha-, beta- and theta-bands of bioelectric brain activity in both frontal and occipital areas. We suppose that presentation of sounds synchronized and agreed with the current bioelectric activity, activated the regulatory brain structures.
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Govindarajan KA, Freeman L, Cai C, Rahbar MH, Narayana PA. Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on global and regional cortical thickness. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96429. [PMID: 24789100 PMCID: PMC4008620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global and regional cortical thicknesses based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T were measured on a relatively large cohort of 295 subjects using FreeSurfer software. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using Pillai's trace test to determine significant differences in cortical thicknesses measured at these two field strengths. Our results indicate that global cortical thickness is not affected by the field strength or gender. In contrast, the regional cortical thickness was observed to be field dependent. Specifically, the cortical thickness in regions such as parahippocampal, superior temporal, precentral and posterior cingulate is thicker at 3 T than at 1.5 T. In contrast regions such as cuneus and pericalcarine showed higher cortical thickness at 1.5 T than at 3 T. These differences appear to be age-dependent. The differences in regional cortical thickness between field strengths were similar in both genders. Further, male vs. female differences in regional cortical thickness were observed only at 1.5 T and not at 3 T. Our results indicate that magnetic field strength has a significant effect on the estimation of regional, but not global, cortical thickness. In addition, the pulse sequence, scanner type, and spatial resolution do not appear to have significant effect on the measured cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik A. Govindarajan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas – Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leorah Freeman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas – Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, The University of Texas – Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammad H. Rahbar
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, The University of Texas – Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas – Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ponnada A. Narayana
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas – Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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27
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Aftanas LI, Reva NV, Pavlov SV, Korenek VV, Brak IV. [Coupling of brain oscillatory systems with cognitive (experience and valence) and physiological (cardiovascular reactivity) components of emotion]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2014; 100:215-231. [PMID: 25470898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the coupling of EEG oscillators with cognitive (experience and valence) and physiological (cardiovascular reactivity) components of emotion. Emotions of anger and joy were evoked in healthy males (n = 49) using a guided imagery method, multichannel EEG and cardiovascular reactivity (Finometer) were simultaneously recorded. Correlational analysis revealed that specially distributed EEG oscillators seem to be selectively involved into cognitive (experience and valence) and physiological (cardiovascular reactivity) components of emotional responding. We showed that low theta (4-6 Hz) activity from medial and lateral frontal cortex of the right hemisphere predominantly correlated with the anger experience, high alpha (10-12 and 12-14 Hz) and gamma (30-45 Hz) activity from central-parieto-occipital regions of the left hemisphere--with cardiovascular reactivity to anger and joy, gamma-activity (30-45 Hz) from the left hemisphere in parietal areas--with cardiovascular reactivity to joy. The findings suggest that specially distributed neuronal networks oscillating at different frequencies may be regarded as a putative neurobiological mechanism coordination dynamical balance between cognitive and physiological components of emotion as well as psycho-neuro-somatic relationships within the mind-brain-body system.
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28
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Hanson JL, Hair N, Shen DG, Shi F, Gilmore JH, Wolfe BL, Pollak SD. Family poverty affects the rate of human infant brain growth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80954. [PMID: 24349025 PMCID: PMC3859472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Living in poverty places children at very high risk for problems across a variety of domains, including schooling, behavioral regulation, and health. Aspects of cognitive functioning, such as information processing, may underlie these kinds of problems. How might poverty affect the brain functions underlying these cognitive processes? Here, we address this question by observing and analyzing repeated measures of brain development of young children between five months and four years of age from economically diverse backgrounds (n = 77). In doing so, we have the opportunity to observe changes in brain growth as children begin to experience the effects of poverty. These children underwent MRI scanning, with subjects completing between 1 and 7 scans longitudinally. Two hundred and three MRI scans were divided into different tissue types using a novel image processing algorithm specifically designed to analyze brain data from young infants. Total gray, white, and cerebral (summation of total gray and white matter) volumes were examined along with volumes of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Infants from low-income families had lower volumes of gray matter, tissue critical for processing of information and execution of actions. These differences were found for both the frontal and parietal lobes. No differences were detected in white matter, temporal lobe volumes, or occipital lobe volumes. In addition, differences in brain growth were found to vary with socioeconomic status (SES), with children from lower-income households having slower trajectories of growth during infancy and early childhood. Volumetric differences were associated with the emergence of disruptive behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicole Hair
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dinggang G. Shen
- Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Lab, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Feng Shi
- Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Lab, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John H. Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara L. Wolfe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Seth D. Pollak
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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29
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Alves RV, Ribas GC. Response. J Neurosurg 2013; 119:1356-1357. [PMID: 24344457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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30
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Yeatman JD, Rauschecker AM, Wandell BA. Anatomy of the visual word form area: adjacent cortical circuits and long-range white matter connections. Brain Lang 2013; 125:146-55. [PMID: 22632810 PMCID: PMC3432298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Circuitry in ventral occipital-temporal cortex is essential for seeing words. We analyze the circuitry within a specific ventral-occipital region, the visual word form area (VWFA). The VWFA is immediately adjacent to the retinotopically organized VO-1 and VO-2 visual field maps and lies medial and inferior to visual field maps within motion selective human cortex. Three distinct white matter fascicles pass within close proximity to the VWFA: (1) the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, (2) the inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, and (3) the vertical occipital fasciculus. The vertical occipital fasciculus terminates in or adjacent to the functionally defined VWFA voxels in every individual. The vertical occipital fasciculus projects dorsally to language and reading related cortex. The combination of functional responses from cortex and anatomical measures in the white matter provides an overview of how the written word is encoded and communicated along the ventral occipital-temporal circuitry for seeing words.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas M. Rauschecker
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Neurosciences
| | - Brian A. Wandell
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging
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31
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Lin FH, Vesanen PT, Hsu YC, Nieminen JO, Zevenhoven KCJ, Dabek J, Parkkonen LT, Simola J, Ahonen AI, Ilmoniemi RJ. Suppressing multi-channel ultra-low-field MRI measurement noise using data consistency and image sparsity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61652. [PMID: 23626710 PMCID: PMC3633989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low-field (ULF) MRI (B0 = 10–100 µT) typically suffers from a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). While SNR can be improved by pre-polarization and signal detection using highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensors, we propose to use the inter-dependency of the k-space data from highly parallel detection with up to tens of sensors readily available in the ULF MRI in order to suppress the noise. Furthermore, the prior information that an image can be sparsely represented can be integrated with this data consistency constraint to further improve the SNR. Simulations and experimental data using 47 SQUID sensors demonstrate the effectiveness of this data consistency constraint and sparsity prior in ULF-MRI reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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32
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van der Veen JW, Shen J. Regional difference in GABA levels between medial prefrontal and occipital cortices. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 38:745-50. [PMID: 23349060 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To avoid the confounding effects of variations in tissue composition this study measured regional GABA differences using two voxels with the same tissue composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen healthy adult volunteers were scanned using a 3 Tesla GE clinical scanner with a J-coupling based editing sequence. Spectroscopy voxels were placed in the medial prefrontal (MPFC) and occipital cortex (OCC) with essentially the same gray and white matter fractions. RESULTS A 16% (P = 0.0001) significantly higher GABA to creatine ratio was found in the OCC (0.1103 ± 0.0050) compared with the MPFC (0.0953 ± 0.0041). When normalized to tissue water, GABA concentrations in the OCC were 14% higher than in the MPFC. CONCLUSION A difference in GABA concentration was found between the OCC and MPFC voxels in healthy subjects which is attributable to differences other than tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem van der Veen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD 20892, USA.
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Barutchu A, Freestone DR, Innes-Brown H, Crewther DP, Crewther SG. Evidence for enhanced multisensory facilitation with stimulus relevance: an electrophysiological investigation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52978. [PMID: 23372652 PMCID: PMC3553102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently debate exists relating to the interplay between multisensory processes and bottom-up and top-down influences. However, few studies have looked at neural responses to newly paired audiovisual stimuli that differ in their prescribed relevance. For such newly associated audiovisual stimuli, optimal facilitation of motor actions was observed only when both components of the audiovisual stimuli were targets. Relevant auditory stimuli were found to significantly increase the amplitudes of the event-related potentials at the occipital pole during the first 100 ms post-stimulus onset, though this early integration was not predictive of multisensory facilitation. Activity related to multisensory behavioral facilitation was observed approximately 166 ms post-stimulus, at left central and occipital sites. Furthermore, optimal multisensory facilitation was found to be associated with a latency shift of induced oscillations in the beta range (14–30 Hz) at right hemisphere parietal scalp regions. These findings demonstrate the importance of stimulus relevance to multisensory processing by providing the first evidence that the neural processes underlying multisensory integration are modulated by the relevance of the stimuli being combined. We also provide evidence that such facilitation may be mediated by changes in neural synchronization in occipital and centro-parietal neural populations at early and late stages of neural processing that coincided with stimulus selection, and the preparation and initiation of motor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Barutchu
- School of Psychological Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
This review addresses the complex and often controversial anatomy of the anterior bundle of the OR, also known as the Meyer loop. Before the advent of MR imaging, 2 main types of studies attempted to ascertain the "safe" distance for anterior temporal lobe resection to avoid postsurgical VFDs. There were those based first on postoperative VFD correlation and second on anatomic dissection studies. In the past decade, noninvasive diffusion MR imaging-based tractography techniques have been developed in an attempt to elucidate white matter connectivity. Although many of these techniques are still experimental, there are some clinical situations for which they may prove to be very helpful if properly performed and validated. The motivation for this review was to improve the outcome of patients with TLE undergoing temporal lobectomy: Would having anatomic information about the OR available to the neurosurgeon decrease the risk of postsurgical VFDs?
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mandelstam
- Florey Neuroscience and Brain Research Institutes, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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35
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Emir UE, Raatz S, McPherson S, Hodges JS, Torkelson C, Tawfik P, White T, Terpstra M. Noninvasive quantification of ascorbate and glutathione concentration in the elderly human brain. NMR Biomed 2011; 24:888-94. [PMID: 21834011 PMCID: PMC3118919 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ascorbate (Asc) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were quantified noninvasively using double-edited (1)H MRS at 4 T in the occipital cortex of healthy young [age (mean ± standard deviation) = 20.4 ± 1.4 years] and elderly (age = 76.6 ± 6.1 years) human subjects. Elderly subjects had a lower GSH concentration than younger subjects (p < 0.05). The Asc concentration was not significantly associated with age. Furthermore, the lactate (Lac) concentration was higher in elderly than young subjects. Lower GSH and higher Lac concentrations are indications of defective protection against oxidative damage and impaired mitochondrial respiration. The extent to which the observed concentration differences could be associated with physiological differences and methodological artifacts is discussed. In conclusion, GSH and Asc concentrations were compared noninvasively for the first time in young vs elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzay E Emir
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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36
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Abstract
Regions tuned to individual visual categories, such as faces and objects, have been discovered in the later stages of the ventral visual pathway in the cortex. But most visual experience is composed of scenes, where multiple objects are interacting. Such interactions are readily described by prepositions or verb forms, for example, a bird perched on a birdhouse. At what stage in the pathway does sensitivity to such interactions arise? Here we report that object pairs shown as interacting, compared with their side-by-side depiction (e.g., a bird besides a birdhouse), elicit greater activity in the lateral occipital complex, the earliest cortical region where shape is distinguished from texture. Novelty of the interactions magnified this gain, an effect that was absent in the side-by-side depictions. Scene-like relations are thus likely achieved simultaneously with the specification of object shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye G Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA.
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37
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Price CJ, Devlin JT. The interactive account of ventral occipitotemporal contributions to reading. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 15:246-53. [PMID: 21549634 PMCID: PMC3223525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is involved in the perception of visually presented objects and written words. The Interactive Account of vOT function is based on the premise that perception involves the synthesis of bottom-up sensory input with top-down predictions that are generated automatically from prior experience. We propose that vOT integrates visuospatial features abstracted from sensory inputs with higher level associations such as speech sounds, actions and meanings. In this context, specialization for orthography emerges from regional interactions without assuming that vOT is selectively tuned to orthographic features. We discuss how the Interactive Account explains left vOT responses during normal reading and developmental dyslexia; and how it accounts for the behavioural consequences of left vOT damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy J. Price
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuro-imaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Joseph T. Devlin
- Cognitive, Perceptual and Brain Sciences, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University of London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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38
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Güvençer M, Akyer P, Sayhan S, Tetik S. The importance of the greater occipital nerve in the occipital and the suboccipital region for nerve blockade and surgical approaches – An anatomic study on cadavers. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113:289-94. [PMID: 21208741 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Güvençer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey.
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39
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Li S, Zhang Y, Wang S, Araneta MF, Johnson CS, Xiang Y, Innis RB, Shen J. 13C MRS of occipital and frontal lobes at 3 T using a volume coil for stochastic proton decoupling. NMR Biomed 2010; 23:977-85. [PMID: 20878974 PMCID: PMC3159869 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we devised a novel strategy for in vivo 13C MRS using [2-13C]glucose infusion and low-power proton decoupling, and proposed that this strategy could be used to acquire 13C MR spectra from the frontal lobe of the human brain. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, in vivo 13C MRS of human frontal lobe acquired at 3 T. Because the primary metabolites of [2-13C]glucose can be decoupled using very-low-radiofrequency power, we used a volume coil for proton decoupling in this study. The homogeneous B(1) field of the volume coil was found to significantly enhance the decoupling efficiency of the stochastic decoupling sequence. Detailed specific absorption rates inside the human head were analyzed using the finite difference time domain method to ensure experimental safety. In vivo 13C spectra from the occipital and frontal lobes of the human brain were obtained. At a decoupling power of 30 W (time-averaged power, 2.45 W), the spectra from the occipital lobe showed well-resolved spectral resolution and excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Although frontal lobe 13C spectra were affected by local B(0) field inhomogeneity, we demonstrated that the spectral quality could be improved using post-acquisition data processing. In particular, we showed that the frontal lobe glutamine C5 at 178.5 ppm and aspartate C4 at 178.3 ppm could be spectrally resolved with effective proton decoupling and B(0) field correction. Because of its large spatial coverage, volume coil decoupling provides the potential to acquire 13C MRS from more than one brain region simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shumin Wang
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Ferraris Araneta
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher S. Johnson
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun Xiang
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert B. Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence to: J. Shen, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 2D51A, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1527, USA.
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40
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Prado J, Carp J, Weissman DH. Variations of response time in a selective attention task are linked to variations of functional connectivity in the attentional network. Neuroimage 2010; 54:541-9. [PMID: 20728549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although variations of response time (RT) within a particular experimental condition are typically ignored, they may sometimes reflect meaningful changes in the efficiency of cognitive and neural processes. In the present study, we investigated whether trial-by-trial variations of response time (RT) in a cross-modal selective attention task were associated with variations of functional connectivity between brain regions that are thought to underlie attention. Sixteen healthy young adults performed an audiovisual selective attention task, which involved attending to a relevant visual letter while ignoring an irrelevant auditory letter, as we recorded their brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In line with predictions, variations of RT were associated with variations of functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and various other brain regions that are posited to underlie attentional control, such as the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral regions of the posterior parietal cortex. They were also linked to variations of functional connectivity between anatomically early and anatomically late regions of the relevant-modality visual cortex whose communication is thought to be modulated by attentional control processes. By revealing that variations of RT in a selective attention task are linked to variations of functional connectivity in the attentional network, the present findings suggest that variations of attention may contribute to trial-by-trial fluctuations of behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Prado
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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41
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Bressler DW, Silver MA. Spatial attention improves reliability of fMRI retinotopic mapping signals in occipital and parietal cortex. Neuroimage 2010; 53:526-33. [PMID: 20600961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial attention improves visual perception and increases the amplitude of neural responses in visual cortex. In addition, spatial attention tasks and fMRI have been used to discover topographic visual field representations in regions outside visual cortex. We therefore hypothesized that requiring subjects to attend to a retinotopic mapping stimulus would facilitate the characterization of visual field representations in a number of cortical areas. In our study, subjects attended either a central fixation point or a wedge-shaped stimulus that rotated about the fixation point. Response reliability was assessed by computing coherence between the fMRI time series and a sinusoid with the same frequency as the rotating wedge stimulus. When subjects attended to the rotating wedge instead of ignoring it, the reliability of retinotopic mapping signals increased by approximately 50% in early visual cortical areas (V1, V2, V3, V3A/B, V4) and ventral occipital cortex (VO1) and by approximately 75% in lateral occipital (LO1, LO2) and posterior parietal (IPS0, IPS1, IPS2) cortical areas. Additionally, one 5-min run of retinotopic mapping in the attention-to-wedge condition produced responses as reliable as the average of three to five (early visual cortex) or more than five (lateral occipital, ventral occipital, and posterior parietal cortex) attention-to-fixation runs. These results demonstrate that allocating attention to the retinotopic mapping stimulus substantially reduces the amount of scanning time needed to determine the visual field representations in occipital and parietal topographic cortical areas. Attention significantly increased response reliability in every cortical area we examined and may therefore be a general mechanism for improving the fidelity of neural representations of sensory stimuli at multiple levels of the cortical processing hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Bressler
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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42
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de Quintana-Schmidt C, Casajuana-Garreta E, Molet-Teixidó J, García-Bach M, Roig C, Clavel-Laria P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Oliver-Abadal B, Bartumeus-Jené F. [Stimulation of the occipital nerve in the treatment of drug-resistant cluster headache]. Rev Neurol 2010; 51:19-26. [PMID: 20568064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the occipital nerve stimulation therapy in as a treatment for drug-resistant cluster headache. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective study of four patients, three males and one female. Mean age of 42 years. Patients complained of a cluster headache lasting between one and 16 years, with suboptimal control of the attacks with medication. In all cases octopolar electrodes were placed percutaneously in the occipital region bilaterally. Follow-up of 6 months. RESULTS At 6 months, there was a 56% (range: 25-95%) reduction in the frequency, a 48.8% (range: 20-60%) decrease in the intensity and a 63.8% (range: 0-88.8%) reduction in the duration of the attacks. Worsening or progression of the illness was not observed in any case. All patients referred a 15.4% (range: 6-31.5%) improvement in their quality of life compared to their previous basal situation in SF-36. In all cases but one there was a significant reduction in the amount and dosage of medication required. Postoperative complications were not observed. All patients would recommend the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Occipital nerve stimulation may be considered a safe and effective therapeutic option in the drug-resistant cluster headache. However, studies with more patients and a longer follow-up are required to evaluate the efficacy of the technique.
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43
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Magnitsky S, Vite CH, Delikatny EJ, Pickup S, Wehrli S, Wolfe JH, Poptani H. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the occipital cortex and the cerebellar vermis distinguishes individual cats affected with alpha-mannosidosis from normal cats. NMR Biomed 2010; 23:74-79. [PMID: 19743435 PMCID: PMC3045771 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A genetic deficiency of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase causes the lysosomal storage disease alpha-mannosidosis (AMD), in which oligosaccharide accumulation occurs in neurons and glia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in detecting the oligosaccharide accumulation in AMD. Five cats with AMD and eight age-matched normal cats underwent in vivo MRS studies with a single voxel short echo time (20 ms) STEAM spectroscopy sequence on a 4.7T magnet. Two voxels were studied in each cat, from the cerebellar vermis and the occipital cortex. Metabolites of brain samples from these regions were extracted with perchloric acid and analyzed by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. A significantly elevated unresolved resonance signal between 3.4 and 4. ppm was observed in the cerebellar vermis and occipital cortex of all AMD cats, which was absent in normal cats. This resonance was shown to be from carbohydrate moieties by high resolution NMR of tissue extracts. Resonances from the Glc-NAc group (1.8-2.2 ppm) along with anomeric proton signals (4.6-5.4 ppm) from undigested oligosaccharides were also observed in the extract spectra from AMD cats. This MRS spectral pattern may be a useful biomarker for AMD diagnosis as well as for assessing responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Magnitsky
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles H. Vite
- W. F. Goodman Center for Comparative Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward J. Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne Wehrli
- Stokes Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John H. Wolfe
- W. F. Goodman Center for Comparative Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Stokes Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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44
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Tana MG, Montin E, Cerutti S, Bianchi AM. Exploring cortical attentional system by using fMRI during a Continuous Perfomance Test. Comput Intell Neurosci 2010; 2010:329213. [PMID: 20011033 PMCID: PMC2780828 DOI: 10.1155/2010/329213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in eight healthy subjects to identify the localization, magnitude, and volume extent of activation in brain regions that are involved in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during the performance of Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT). An extensive brain network was activated during the task including frontal, temporal, and occipital cortical areas and left cerebellum. The more activated cluster in terms of volume extent and magnitude was located in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Analyzing the dynamic trend of the activation in the identified areas during the entire duration of the sustained attention test, we found a progressive decreasing of BOLD response probably due to a habituation effect without any deterioration of the performances. The observed brain network is consistent with existing models of visual object processing and attentional control and may serve as a basis for fMRI studies in clinical populations with neuropsychological deficits in Conners' CPT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Tana
- Department of Bioengineering, IIT Unit, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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45
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Nishizaki T, Ikeda N, Nakano S, Okamura T, Abiko S. Occipital inter-hemispheric approach for lateral ventricular trigone meningioma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009; 151:1717-21. [PMID: 19387539 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-009-0310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal surgical approach for a trigone meningioma is still controversial. Here, we report two patients with trigone meningioma treated successfully via an occipital inter-hemispheric and trans-cortical approach in the lateral semi-prone position. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 53-year-old woman was admitted to a local hospital with sudden transient dizziness and vomiting. The CT brain scan demonstrated a right intra-ventricular tumour. She was therefore transferred to our hospital for surgical treatment. The other patient was a 67-year-old woman who was admitted to a local hospital after a traffic accident and a CT brain scan revealed an incidental right intra-ventricular tumour. After referral to our hospital, periodic MRI examinations revealed gradual tumour enlargement within a one-year period. Neither of the patients had any neurological deficits, including in the visual fields. INTERVENTION The head of each patient was positioned so that the tumour-containing right ventricle was oriented downwards and laterally. An occipital inter-hemispheric approach was performed and using a navigation system, the tumour was identified about 1 cm in depth from the cortical surface. After the medial part of the tumour was debulked, the posterior and then the anterior choroidal blood supplies to the tumour were identified. Occlusion of these vessels achieved tumour haemostasis. The tumours were totally removed via a 1.5-cm cortical incision. Brain retraction was minimal because the right hemisphere was pulled down by gravity. Therefore, the para-splenial cisterns were easily accessed, resulting in early release of cerebrospinal fluid. Post-operative MRI showed complete removal of the tumour and the patients had no neurological deficits. Anti-epileptic medication was withdrawn one week after the operation. CONCLUSIONS The occipital inter-hemispheric fissure lacks important bridging veins. The approach used and patient positioning minimized damage to the lateral aspect of the optic radiation and the corpus callosum. Except in patients with very large trigone meningiomas, this approach is useful for decreasing the risk of post-operative hemianopsia or epilepsy, and possibly speech disturbance, even in patients with a tumour in the dominant hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nishizaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ube Industries Central Hospital, Nishikiwa, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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46
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated the neural basis of virtual time to contact (VTC) and the hypothesis that VTC provides predictive information for future postural instability. A novel approach to differentiate stable pre-falling and transition-to-instability stages within a single postural trial while a subject was performing a challenging single leg stance with eyes closed was developed. Specifically, we utilized wavelet transform and stage segmentation algorithms using VTC time series data set as an input. The VTC time series was time-locked with multichannel (n = 64) EEG signals to examine its underlying neural substrates. To identify the focal sources of neural substrates of VTC, a two-step approach was designed combining the independent component analysis (ICA) and low-resolution tomography (LORETA) of multichannel EEG. There were two major findings: (1) a significant increase of VTC minimal values (along with enhanced variability of VTC) was observed during the transition-to-instability stage with progression to ultimate loss of balance and falling; and (2) this VTC dynamics was associated with pronounced modulation of EEG predominantly within theta, alpha and gamma frequency bands. The sources of this EEG modulation were identified at the cingulate cortex (ACC) and the junction of precuneus and parietal lobe, as well as at the occipital cortex. The findings support the hypothesis that the systematic increase of minimal values of VTC concomitant with modulation of EEG signals at the frontal-central and parietal-occipital areas serve collectively to predict the future instability in posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semyon Slobounov
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 268 Recreation Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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47
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Martino J, Brogna C, Robles SG, Vergani F, Duffau H. Anatomic dissection of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus revisited in the lights of brain stimulation data. Cortex 2009; 46:691-9. [PMID: 19775684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite electrostimulation studies of the white matter pathways, supporting the role of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in semantic processing, little is known about the precise anatomical course of this fascicle, especially regarding its exact cortical terminations. Here, in the lights of these new functional data, we dissected 14 post-mortem human hemispheres using the Klingler fiber dissection technique, to study the IFOF fibers and to identify their actual cortical terminations in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. We identified two different components of the IFOF: (i) a superficial and dorsal subcomponent, which connects the frontal lobe with the superior parietal lobe and the posterior portion of the superior and middle occipital gyri, (ii) a deep and ventral subcomponent, which connects the frontal lobe with the posterior portion of the inferior occipital gyrus and the posterior temporo-basal area. Thus, our results are in line with the hypothesis of the functional role of the IFOF in the semantic system, by showing that it is mainly connected with two areas involved in semantics: the occipital associative extrastriate cortex and the temporo-basal region. Further combined anatomical (dissection and Diffusion Tensor Imaging) and functional (intraoperative subcortical stimulation) studies are needed, to clarify the exact participation of each IFOF subcomponent in semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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48
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Abstract
This review surveys the recent literature on visuo-haptic convergence in the perception of object form, with particular reference to the lateral occipital complex (LOC) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and discusses how visual imagery or multisensory representations might underlie this convergence. Drawing on a recent distinction between object- and spatially-based visual imagery, we propose a putative model in which LOtv, a subregion of LOC, contains a modality-independent representation of geometric shape that can be accessed either bottom-up from direct sensory inputs or top-down from frontoparietal regions. We suggest that such access is modulated by object familiarity: spatial imagery may be more important for unfamiliar objects and involve IPS foci in facilitating somatosensory inputs to the LOC; by contrast, object imagery may be more critical for familiar objects, being reflected in prefrontal drive to the LOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lacey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noa Tal
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
| | - Amir Amedi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
- Cognitive Science Program, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
| | - K. Sathian
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Rehabilitation R&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA
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49
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Kronbichler M, Klackl J, Richlan F, Schurz M, Staffen W, Ladurner G, Wimmer H. On the functional neuroanatomy of visual word processing: effects of case and letter deviance. J Cogn Neurosci 2009; 21:222-9. [PMID: 18476755 PMCID: PMC2976854 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This functional magnetic resonance imaging study contrasted case-deviant and letter-deviant forms with familiar forms of the same phonological words (e.g., TaXi and Taksi vs Taxi) and found that both types of deviance led to increased activation in a left occipito-temporal regions, corresponding to the visual word form area (VWFA). The sensitivity of the VWFA to both types of deviance may suggest that this region represents well-known visual words not only as sequences of abstract letter identities but also includes information on the typical case-format pattern of visual words. Case-deviant items, in addition to increased activation in a right occipito-temporal region and in a left occipital and a left posterior occipito-temporal region, which may reflect increased demands on the letter processing posed by the case-deviant forms.
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50
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Osaka N. Walk-related mimic word activates the extrastriate visual cortex in the human brain: an fMRI study. Behav Brain Res 2008; 198:186-9. [PMID: 19046993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
I present an fMRI study demonstrating that a mimic word highly suggestive of human walking, heard by the ear with eyes closed, significantly activates the visual cortex located in extrastriate occipital region (BA19, 18) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) while hearing non-sense words that do not imply walk under the same task does not activate these areas in humans. I concluded that BA19 and 18 would be a critical region for generating visual images of walking and related intentional stance, respectively, evoked by an onomatopoeia word that implied walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Osaka
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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