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Goel S, Maharajan P, Chua C, Dong B, Butcher M, Bagga P. Driving ability after pupillary dilatation. Eye (Lond) 2003; 17:735-8. [PMID: 12928686 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Royal College of Ophthalmologists' guidelines and Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) recommend that a patient should not drive with dilated pupils based on the rationale that vision may be compromised in acuity and ability to tolerate glare. Arguments exist against these recommendations suggesting that pupillary dilatation does not have any real bearings on driving ability. Aim To determine the effects of pupillary dilatation on the ability to drive. METHODS The study was randomised and prospective. A total of 28 patients had their visual parameters (distance vision, near vision, licence plate reading at 20 m or shorter, and glare) measured and analysed pre- and post-tropicamide 1% dilatation. Paired two-tailed Student's t-test and chi(2)-test were used in the analysis. RESULTS At 20 min, following instillation of one drop of tropicamide 1% there is a significant reduction in visual acuity (VA), for distance Snellen and near. There is a significant reduction in the number of people who could read the licence plate at 20 m. Subjective glare assessment changed from 'none' (average score) in the undilated state to 'mild' in the dilated states. The overall patient feedback indicated that a significant 14% believed they would find it difficult to drive postdilatation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the rationale behind disallowing driving following pupillary dilatation. The risks to safe driving are proved significant as a result of significant reduction in visual quality and quantity after dilatation.
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Abstract
The editor welcomes readers' questions and alternative answers to questions and letters.These should be sent to the Journal of Wound Care, Greater London House, Hampstead Road, London NW1 7EJ. Fax: +44 (0)20-7874 0386. Email: jwc@emap.com
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Butcher M, Lakritz J, Halaney A, Branson K, Gupta GD, Kreeger J, Marsh AE. Experimental inoculation of domestic cats (Felis domesticus) with Sarcocystis neurona or S. neurona-like merozoites. Vet Parasitol 2002; 107:1-14. [PMID: 12072209 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcocystis neurona is the parasite most commonly associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Recently, cats (Felis domesticus) have been demonstrated to be an experimental intermediate host in the life cycle of S. neurona. This study was performed to determine if cats experimentally inoculated with culture-derived S. neurona merozoites develop tissue sarcocysts infectious to opossums (Didelphis virginiana), the definitive host of S. neurona. Four cats were inoculated with S. neurona or S. neurona-like merozoites and all developed antibodies reacting to S. neurona merozoite antigens, but tissue sarcocysts were detected in only two cats. Muscle tissues from the experimentally inoculated cats with and without detectable sarcocysts were fed to laboratory-reared opossums. Sporocysts were detected in gastrointestinal (GI) scrapings of one opossum fed experimentally infected feline tissues. The study results suggest that cats can develop tissue cysts following inoculation with culture-derived Sarcocystis sp. merozoites in which the particular isolate was originally derived from a naturally infected cat with tissue sarcocysts. This is in contrast to cats which did not develop tissue cysts when inoculated with S. neurona merozoites originally derived from a horse with EPM. These results indicate present biological differences between the culture-derived merozoites of two Sarcocystis isolates, Sn-UCD 1 and Sn-Mucat 2.
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Clark M, Benbow M, Butcher M, Gebhardt K, Teasley G, Zoller J. Collecting pressure ulcer prevention and management outcomes: 2. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2002; 11:310-4. [PMID: 11904559 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2002.11.5.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first part of this article (Vol 11(4): 230-8) outlined the argument that a combination of efficacy and effectiveness is required to assess fully the impact of interventions such as pressure-redistributing (PR) beds and mattresses. In addition, it described the methodology of this multinational, multicentre, prospective, non-randomized cohort study designed to record the occurrence and characteristics of patients vulnerable to, or with, established pressure ulcers. This article reports further details of the characteristics of the 2507 UK adult hospital patients recruited to the study. Over 40% (42% n = 1046) of all subjects were considered to be at an elevated risk of developing ulcers (Waterlow score of 15 or greater) (Waterlow, 1985). Many were inactive with 332 (13%) confined to bed alone with a further 262 (10%) confined to bed and their chair. Most (74% n = 1868) were nursed upon PR beds and mattresses, while fewer subjects were provided with a PR seat cushion (n = 547; 27%). Two hundred and fifty-seven subjects (10%) experienced at least one change of bed mattress during their stay in hospital, with two subjects being nursed on five different mattresses during their hospital stay.
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Clark M, Benbow M, Butcher M, Gebhardt K, Teasley G, Zoller J. Collecting pressure ulcer prevention and management outcomes: 1. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2002; 11:230, 232, 234 passim. [PMID: 11873213 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2002.11.4.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article, the first of two parts, presents the argument that a combination of efficacy and effectiveness is required to assess fully the impact of interventions such as pressure-redistributing beds and mattresses. The methodology adopted within a multinational, multicentre, prospective, non-randomized cohort study, designed to record the occurrence and characteristics of patients vulnerable to, or with, established pressure ulcers, is described. General demographic data and the characteristics of the pressure ulcers experienced by the 2507 UK subjects recruited to the study across four UK hospitals between July 1996 and May 1998 are presented, with pressure ulcers affecting 218 subjects of whom 100 presented with ulcers on admission to hospital. Fourteen subjects developed severe ulcers, while a further 24 were admitted with full-thickness pressure ulcers. The second part of this article will report further details of the characteristics of the UK sample. Future articles will consider the subjects examined in greater detail and will also discuss the combination of this dataset with similar data collected in the USA.
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Hull RD, Pineo GF, Stein PD, Mah AF, MacIsaac SM, Dahl OE, Butcher M, Brant RF, Ghali WA, Bergqvist D, Raskob GE. Extended out-of-hospital low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis in patients after elective hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135:858-69. [PMID: 11712876 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-135-10-200111200-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence-based medicine guidelines based on venographic end points recommend in-hospital prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in patients having elective hip surgery. Emerging data suggest that out-of-hospital use may offer additional protection; however, uncertainty remains about the risk-benefit ratio. To provide clinicians with a practical pathway for translating clinical research into practice, we systematically reviewed trials comparing extended out-of-hospital LMWH prophylaxis versus placebo. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified by 1) searching PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library Database for reports published from January 1976 to May 2001; 2) reviewing references from retrieved articles; 3) scanning abstracts from conference proceedings; and 4) contacting pharmaceutical companies and investigators of the original reports. STUDY SELECTION Randomized, controlled trials comparing extended out-of-hospital prophylaxis with LMWH versus placebo in patients having elective hip arthroplasty. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers extracted data independently. Reviewers evaluated study quality by using a validated four-item instrument. DATA SYNTHESIS Six of seven original articles met the defined inclusion criteria. The included studies were double-blind trials that used proper randomization procedures. Compared with placebo, extended out-of-hospital prophylaxis decreased the frequency of all episodes of deep venous thrombosis (placebo rate, 150 of 666 patients [22.5%]; relative risk, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.54; P < 0.001]), proximal venous thrombosis (placebo rate, 76 of 678 patients [11.2%]; relative risk, 0.31 [CI, 0.20 to 0.47; P < 0.001]), and symptomatic venous thromboembolism (placebo rate, 36 of 862 patients [4.2%]; relative risk, 0.36 [CI, 0.20 to 0.67; P = 0.001]). Major bleeding was rare, occurring in only one patient in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Extended LMWH prophylaxis showed consistent effectiveness and safety in the trials (regardless of study variations in clinical practice and length of hospital stay) for venographic deep venous thrombosis and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The aggregate findings support the need for extended out-of-hospital prophylaxis in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty surgery.
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Butcher M. Education for women undergoing HPV testing. PROFESSIONAL NURSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2001; 16:1044-7. [PMID: 12029732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
HPV is the main precursor to cervical cancer and is sexually transmitted. This may have psychological implications for women undergoing testing for the virus. A sensitive approach to the provision of information is required to minimise fear and stigmatisation.
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Podor TJ, Peterson CB, Lawrence DA, Stefansson S, Shaughnessy SG, Foulon DM, Butcher M, Weitz JI. Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor binds to fibrin via vitronectin. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:19788-94. [PMID: 10764803 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m908079199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), circulates as a complex with the abundant plasma glycoprotein, vitronectin. This interaction stabilizes the inhibitor in its active conformation In this report, the effects of vitronectin on the interactions of PAI-1 with fibrin clots were studied. Confocal microscopic imaging of platelet-poor plasma clots reveals that essentially all fibrin-associated PAI-1 colocalizes with fibrin-bound vitronectin. Moreover, formation of platelet-poor plasma clots in the presence of polyclonal antibodies specific for vitronectin attenuated the inhibitory effects of PAI-1 on t-PA-mediated fibrinolysis. Addition of vitronectin during clot formation markedly potentiates PAI-1-mediated inhibition of lysis of (125)I-labeled fibrin clots by t-PA. This effect is dependent on direct binding interactions of vitronectin with fibrin. There is no significant effect of fibrin-associated vitronectin on fibrinolysis in the absence of PAI-1. The binding of PAI-1 to fibrin clots formed in the absence of vitronectin was characterized by a low affinity (K(d) approximately 3.5 micrometer) and rapid loss of PAI-1 inhibitory activity over time. In contrast, a high affinity and stabilization of PAI-1 activity characterized the cooperative binding of PAI-1 to fibrin formed in the presence of vitronectin. These findings indicate that plasma PAI-1.vitronectin complexes can be localized to the surface of fibrin clots; by this localization, they may modulate fibrinolysis and clot reorganization.
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Newton H, Butcher M. Investigating the risk of pressure damage during childbirth. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2000; 9:S20-2, S24, S26. [PMID: 11051872 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2000.9.sup1.6347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pressure ulceration is well documented within general adult hospital and community healthcare populations (Department of Health (DoH), 1992). However, within maternity units this negative outcome is largely unreported. Indeed, many trusts exclude maternity units from their regular pressure incidence and prevalence monitoring. This article will seek to raise awareness of the potential causes and areas where clinical practices could be reviewed in the light of new evidence.
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Butcher M. Treating mixed aetiology ulcers in a man undergoing drug rehabilitation. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2000; 9:S28-31. [PMID: 11051873 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2000.9.sup1.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lower leg ulceration is a condition which is generally associated with the older population; however, medical conditions and social circumstances can place some clients at increased risk. This case study looks at the treatment of a patient undergoing drug rehabilitation whose leg ulceration developed as a direct result of his previous intravenous habit. It demonstrates that with correct assessment and management mixed aetiology ulceration can be successfully treated.
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Abstract
Risk assessment tools for pressure sores are commonplace in most nursing settings. This article describes a situation where a woman in a maternity unit developed pressure-related injuries, and how a thorough assessment led to a solution to a surprising problem.
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Abstract
An update on the development, assessment and management of wound sinuses.
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TeGrotenhuis W, Cameron R, Butcher M, Martin P, Wegeng R. MICROCHANNEL DEVICES FOR EFFICIENT CONTACTING OF LIQUIDS IN SOLVENT EXTRACTION. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1999. [DOI: 10.1081/ss-100100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Complex wounds fill most nurses with the feeling of unmanageable dread. This article aims to dispel such fears by showing that the nurse, once equipped with the correct physiological knowledge and an in-depth awareness of the treatments available, can provide effective wound care using the nursing process.
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Judd PA, Long A, Butcher M, Caygill CP, Diplock AT. Vegetarians and vegans may be most at risk from low selenium intakes. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1997; 314:1834. [PMID: 9224111 PMCID: PMC2126932 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.314.7097.1834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Butcher M, Frenck R, Emperor J, Paderanga D, Maybee D, Olson K, Shannon K. Molecular evidence that childhood monosomy 7 syndrome is distinct from juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia and other childhood myeloproliferative disorders. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 12:50-7. [PMID: 7534111 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The observation that juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) and childhood bone marrow monosomy 7 syndrome (Mo 7) are similar in many clinical and epidemiologic respects suggests a shared pathogenic basis and raises the possibility that the bone marrows of patients with JCML might lose chromosome 7 alleles by mechanisms that do not result in detectable cytogenetic deletions. We used a series of polymorphic markers mapped to chromosome 7 to test this hypothesis in 22 children with MPS and MDS, including 19 with JCML. All MPS and MDS samples demonstrated allelic heterozygosity with at least one chromosome 7 marker; 16 were heterozygous with probes from both 7p and 7q. Furthermore, the percentage of patient bone marrow samples heterozygous at each locus tested was similar to the frequency observed in the normal population. Whereas these data demonstrate that submicroscopic loss of large segments of chromosome 7 alleles is uncommon in children with MPS and MDS who do not have Mo 7, they do not exclude small deletions around an uncharacterized tumor-suppressor locus. Our results suggest that a number of distinct molecular events contribute to leukemogenesis, and we propose a multistep model to explain the similarities and differences between the major subtypes of childhood MPS and MDS.
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Ghosh-Choudhury N, Butcher M, Reid E, Ghosh HP. Effect of tunicamycin and monensin on the transport to the cell surface and secretion of a viral membrane glycoprotein containing both N- and O-linked sugars. Biochem Cell Biol 1994; 72:20-5. [PMID: 8068242 DOI: 10.1139/o94-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Most membrane glycoproteins contain either N-linked or O-linked oligosaccharides, which play important roles in correct folding, stability, and intracellular transport. Some glycoproteins, however, contain both the N- and O-linked sugars. To study the roles of the two types of glycosylation in intracellular transport we have used as a model the glycoprotein gC-1 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which contains both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides. Cloned gene of gC-1 was expressed constitutively in mammalian cells to produce the gC-1 glycoprotein containing both types of glycosylation. Only a fraction of the gC-1 glycoprotein was secreted into the medium. Addition of tunicamycin blocked N-glycosylation and the gC-1 protein of reduced size containing only O-linked sugars was formed. This O-glycosylated gC-1 protein was transported to the cell surface and secreted into the medium, indicating that glycoprotein transport to and across the cell surface occurs in the absence of N-glycans. The data suggest either that O-glycans may contribute to this process or that transport can occur in the absence of both N- and O-glycans.
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Johnson PW, Joel SP, Love S, Butcher M, Pandian MR, Squires L, Wrigley PF, Slevin ML. Tumour markers for prediction of survival and monitoring of remission in small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 1993; 67:760-6. [PMID: 8385978 PMCID: PMC1968374 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of the tumour markers neurone specific enolase (NSE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), chromogranin A (ChrA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in serum taken at presentation and during treatment, remission and relapse from 154 patients who received chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer at a single centre over a 6 year period. At presentation NSE was the most frequently elevated marker, being raised in 81% of patients and significantly higher in extensive as opposed to limited disease, as were LDH and ChrA. The response rate to therapy was best correlated with presentation level of ChrA, being 79% for those whose levels were within twice the upper limit of normal and 51% above (P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed NSE, performance status and albumin at presentation to be the best independent predictors of survival. Patients with NSE below twice the upper limit of normal, Karnofsky performance status of 80 or above and albumin 35 g l-1 or above had a median survival of 15 months with 25% alive at 2 years, whilst those with NSE above twice normal, Karnofsky below 80 and albumin less that 35 g l-1 had all died by 8 months. Changes in marker levels during therapy were of low predictive value for outcome although the finding of rising NSE during chemotherapy after an initial fall correlated with significantly reduced duration of remission. There was a strong inverse correlation between the NSE level at the time of response and duration of remission (P < 0.0001). Prediction of relapse was most reliable with ChrA, 52% of patients having rising levels before clinical evidence of disease recurrence.
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Podor TJ, Joshua P, Butcher M, Seiffert D, Loskutoff D, Gauldie J. Accumulation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and vitronectin at sites of cellular necrosis and inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 667:173-7. [PMID: 1285020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Butcher M. Programme for progress. NURSING TIMES 1992; 88:44-7. [PMID: 1297097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Guthrie S, Butcher M, Lumsden A. Patterns of cell division and interkinetic nuclear migration in the chick embryo hindbrain. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1991; 22:742-54. [PMID: 1722508 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480220709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Early in its development, the chick embryo hindbrain manifests an axial series of bulges, termed rhombomeres. Rhombomeres are units of cell lineage restriction, and both they and their intervening boundaries form a series that reiterates various features of neuronal differentiation, cytoarchitecture, and molecular character. The segmented nature of hindbrain morphology and cellular development may be related to early patterns of cell division. These were explored by labeling with BrdU to reveal S-phase nuclei, and staining with basic fuchsin to visualise mitotic cells. Whereas within rhombomeres, S-phase nuclei were located predominantly toward the pial surface of the neuroepithelium, at rhombomere boundaries S-phase nuclei were significantly closer to the ventricular surface. The density of mitotic figures was greater toward the centres of rhombomeres than in boundary regions. Mitotic cells did not show any consistent bias in the orientation of division, either in the centres of rhombomeres, or near boundaries. Our results are consistent with the idea that rhombomeres are centres of cell proliferation, while boundaries contain populations of relatively static cells with reduced rates of cell division.
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Butcher M, Raviprakash K, Ghosh HP. Acid pH-induced fusion of cells by herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gB an gD. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:5862-8. [PMID: 2156833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped animal viruses enter host cells either by direct fusion at neutral pH or by endocytosis. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is believed to fuse with the plasma membrane of cells at neutral pH, and the glycoproteins gB and gD have been implicated in virus entry and cell fusion. Using cloned gB or gD genes, we show that cells expressing HSV-1 glycoproteins gB or gD can undergo fusion to form polykaryons by exposure only to acidic pH. The low pH-induced cell fusion was blocked in the presence of monoclonal antibodies specific to the glycoproteins. Infection of cells expressing gB or gD glycoproteins with HSV-1 inhibited the low pH-induced cell fusion. The results suggest that although the glycoproteins gB and gD possess fusogenic activity at acidic pH, other HSV proteins may regulate it such that in the virus-infected cell, this fusion activity is blocked.
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Butcher M, Raviprakash K, Ghosh HP. Acid pH-induced fusion of cells by herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gB an gD. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Ghosh-Choudhury N, Butcher M, Ghosh HP. Expression from cloned DNA of biologically active glycoprotein C of herpes simplex virus type 1 in mammalian cells. J Gen Virol 1990; 71 ( Pt 3):689-99. [PMID: 2156002 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-71-3-689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA fragment of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoding glycoprotein C (gC-1) has been cloned into different eukaryotic expression vectors for transient and stable expression of the glycoprotein in a number of cell lines. All of these expression vectors use a non-HSV promoter, such as the adenovirus major late promoter or murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat promoter to express gC-1 in COS and CHO cells or 3T3 cells. The gC-1 protein synthesized was fully glycosylated with both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides. Synthesis of the mature 120K gC-1 glycoprotein involved partially glycosylated 100K and 105K proteins and the non-glycosylated 70K protein as intermediate molecules. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the expressed gC-1 was localized intracellularly in the nuclear envelope as well as on the cell surface. The expressed gC-1 was biologically active and could act as a receptor for the complement component C3b in the absence of other HSV proteins.
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Masters PS, Bhella RS, Butcher M, Patel B, Ghosh HP, Banerjee AK. Structure and expression of the glycoprotein gene of Chandipura virus. Virology 1989; 171:285-90. [PMID: 2741347 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA copy of the mRNA for the glycoprotein G of Chandipura virus, a rhabdovirus, has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in mammalian cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of G shows that the encoded protein is a typical transmembrane glycoprotein of 524 amino acids containing a cleavable amino-terminal signal peptide, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic membrane anchor domain near the carboxy terminus, and a cytoplasmic domain at the carboxy terminus. Somewhat unusual is the appearance of two charged amino acid residues, aspartate and arginine, within the putative membrane anchor sequence. Expression of the G gene in COS cells resulted in production of a glycosylated protein of mol wt 71,000 which was recognized by anti-Chandipura antibodies. Like the viral G protein, the expressed G contained covalently linked palmitic acid. However, unlike its vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) counterpart, the Chandipura G protein has no potential palmitate-accepting cysteine residue within its cytoplasmic domain. Thus, the covalent attachment of fatty acid to this molecule may occur at one or both of the cysteines within the membrane anchor domain. The G protein was intracellularly transported to the cell surface and could induce cell fusion at low pH, showing that the expressed G protein was biologically active.
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