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Dunstan SJ, Rockett KA, Quyen NTN, Teo YY, Thai CQ, Hang NT, Jeffreys A, Clark TG, Small KS, Simmons CP, Day N, O'Riordan SE, Kwiatkowski DP, Farrar J, Phu NH, Hien TT. Variation in human genes encoding adhesion and proinflammatory molecules are associated with severe malaria in the Vietnamese. Genes Immun 2012; 13:503-8. [PMID: 22673309 PMCID: PMC3758997 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis for susceptibility to malaria has been studied widely in African populations but less is known of the contribution of specific genetic variants in Asian populations. We genotyped 67 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1030 severe malaria cases and 2840 controls from Vietnam. After data quality control, genotyping data of 956 cases and 2350 controls were analysed for 65 SNPs (3 gender confirmation, 62 positioned in/near 42 malarial candidate genes). A total of 14 SNPs were monomorphic and 2 (rs8078340 and rs33950507) were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls (P<0.01). In all, 7/46 SNPs in 6 genes (ICAM1, IL1A, IL17RC, IL13, LTA and TNF) were associated with severe malaria, with 3/7 SNPs in the TNF/LTA region. Genotype-phenotype correlations between SNPs and clinical parameters revealed that genotypes of rs708567 (IL17RC) correlate with parasitemia (P=0.028, r(2)=0.0086), with GG homozygotes having the lowest parasite burden. Additionally, rs708567 GG homozygotes had a decreased risk of severe malaria (P=0.007, OR=0.78 (95% CI; 0.65-0.93)) and death (P=0.028, OR=0.58 (95% CI; 0.37-0.93)) than those with AA and AG genotypes. In summary, variants in six genes encoding adhesion and proinflammatory molecules are associated with severe malaria in the Vietnamese. Further replicative studies in independent populations will be necessary to confirm these findings.
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Moore C, Pan-ngum W, Wijedoru L, Ngoun C, Pastoor R, Tran N, Soeng S, Kheng C, Kumar V, Emary K, Carter M, White L, Limmanthurotsakul D, Baker S, Smits H, Day N, Parry C. Evaluation of a Typhoid IgM flow assay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in Cambodian children using a Bayesian modelling approach assuming an imperfect gold standard. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Limmathurotsakul D, Turner E, Lim C, Day N, Cooper B, Peacock S. Defining the true accuracy of diagnostic tests when the gold standard is imperfect using web-based application. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Limmathurotsakul D, Wuthiekanun V, Kanoksil M, deStavola B, Day N, Peacock S. A matched case-control study identifies activities of daily living associated with acquisition of melioidosis in northeast Thailand. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Hongsuwan M, Srisamang P, Luangasanatip N, Kanoksil M, Day N, Cooper B, Limmathurotsakul D. A retrospective study to define the incidence and associated mortality of hospital-acquired bacteraemia at a regional hospital in northeast Thailand. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Turner C, Turner P, Cararra V, Tha Ler Htoo S, Watthanaworawit W, Day N, White N, Goldblatt D, Nosten F. The epidemiology of pneumonia in a birth cohort of children living on the Thai-Myanmar border. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Khun P, Seng S, Emary K, Moore C, Soeng S, Ngoun C, Kumar V, Day N, Parry C, Stoesser N. Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection at Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Tadié JM, Heming N, Serve E, Weiss N, Day N, Imbert A, Ducharne G, Faisy C, Diehl JL, Safran D, Fagon JY, Guérot E. Drowning associated pneumonia: a descriptive cohort. Resuscitation 2011; 83:399-401. [PMID: 21907690 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pneumonia is the most common infectious complication of drowning. Pneumonia is potentially life threatening and should be treated by effective antibiotic therapy. However the risk factors, microbiological causes, diagnostic approach and appropriate therapy for pneumonia associated with drowning are not well described. The microbiological ecology of the body of water where immersion occurred could be of import. The aim of this study was to report on microorganisms involved in pneumonia associated with drowning and out of hospital cardiac arrest after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Additionally, we retrieved and undertook microbiological analysis on samples of water from our local river. METHODS This retrospective study included all patients having suffered an out of hospital cardiac arrest due to drowning and admitted to our tertiary care academic hospital between 2002 and 2010. Data concerning bacteriological lung samples (tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage) at admission were reported and compared to bacteriological samples obtained from our local river (the river Seine). RESULTS A total of thirty-seven patients were included in the study. Lung samples were obtained for twenty-one of these patients. Lung samples were positive in nineteen cases, with a high frequency of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Samples from the Seine River found microorganisms similar to those found in drowning associated pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Drowning associated pneumonia can be due to multi drug resistant bacteria. When treating drowning associated pneumonia, antibiotics should be effective against bacteria similar to those found in the body of water where immersion occurred.
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Matta M, Kernéis S, Day N, Lescat M, Hoi AB, Varon E, Gutmann L, Mainardi JL. Do clinicians consider the results of the BinaxNOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test when adapting antibiotic regimens for pneumonia patients? Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 16:1389-93. [PMID: 19845695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The BinaxNOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test is a rapid and reliable immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the identification of a pneumococcal aetiology of pneumonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude of clinicians in their everyday practice towards prescription of the ICT and the impact of its results on the adaptation of the antibiotic therapy when pneumonia is suspected. From October 2007 to March 2008, we prospectively evaluated 541 consecutive inpatients for whom the ICT was performed in our institution. Of the 541 patients evaluated, only 233 (43%) were suspected by the treating physicians to have a pneumonia, 58 of whom had a positive ICT result. Among these 58 patients, four (7%) and 26 (45%), respectively, were treated with amoxycillin monotherapy before and after the ICT result had been obtained (p <10(-4)). Although a positive ICT result led to a rise in the proportion of patients treated with amoxycillin alone, a large number continued to be treated with broader-spectrum antibiotics. These results suggest that prescription monitoring of the ICT should be implemented along with encouragement to adhere more strictly to treatment guidelines.
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Bechara C, Gousseff M, Passeron A, Podglajen I, Day N, Pouchot J, Lavergne T, Mainardi JL. Corynebacterium jeikeium pacemaker infection associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: a single positive blood culture could be sufficient for diagnosis. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:249-251. [PMID: 20965920 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.023283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium jeikeium, a member of the non-diphtheria corynebacteria, has been rarely reported as being responsible for cardiovascular-device infection. Here, we report what is believed to be the first case of C. jeikeium pacemaker infection associated with the presence of proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. The diagnosis was established based on the positivity of a single positive blood culture and led to pacemaker extraction. This observation highlights the difficulty in the diagnosis of cardiac-device infection in the presence of a single positive blood culture with a fastidious microorganism that could be considered as a contaminant. It also underscores the need for device extraction to ensure healing.
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Matta M, Kernéis S, Day N, Lescat M, Buu Hoi A, Varon E, Gutmann L, Mainardi JL. Do clinicians consider the results of the BinaxNOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test when adapting antibiotic regimens for pneumonia patients? Clin Microbiol Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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DiMartini A, Dew MA, Day N, Fitzgerald MG, Jones BL, deVera ME, Fontes P. Trajectories of alcohol consumption following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010. [PMID: 20726963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Any use of alcohol in the years following liver transplantation (LTX) approaches 50% of patients transplanted for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We collected detailed prospective data on alcohol consumption following LTX for ALD to investigate ongoing patterns of use. Using trajectory modeling we identified four distinct alcohol use trajectories. One group had minimal use over time. Two other groups developed early onset moderate-to-heavy consumption and one group developed late onset moderate use. These trajectories demonstrate that alcohol use varies based on timing of onset, quantity and duration. Using discriminant function analysis, we examine characteristics of recipient's pre-LTX alcohol histories and early post-LTX psychological stressors to identify the profile of those at risk for these specific trajectories. We discuss the relevance of these findings to clinical care and preliminarily to outcomes.
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Day N, Mainardi JL, Malinvaud D, Bonfils P. [Bacteriological study of ethmoid specimens from patients with nasal polyposis after ethmoidal surgery]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 126:196-202. [PMID: 19595291 DOI: 10.1016/j.aorl.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the bacteriological and clinical findings in ethmoid specimens from patients with nasal polyposis after radical ethmoidal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS From June to November 2008, 60 patients were prospectively included. For each patient, two samples for each ethmoidal cavity were taken. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures and fungal cultures were processed and the antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated for each isolated bacterial strain. RESULTS Pathogenic bacteria were isolated in 48 patients (80%) including predominantly Staphylococcus aureus (60%) or a Gram-negative bacterium. The microorganisms were nearly all susceptible to antibiotics, including the aminoglycosides. No correlation between the presence of pathogenic bacteria and the clinical status of the patients was found. CONCLUSION In this study, a great number of patients was colonized with pathogenic bacteria. However, the presence of pathogenic bacteria was not correlated with the clinical status of the patients.
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Petrovic A, Dorsey M, Miotke J, Shepherd C, Day N. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases at All Children’s Hospital/University of South Florida. Immunol Res 2009; 44:169-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-009-8111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hochberg J, Mar B, Ayello J, Day N, van de Ven C, Ricci A, Gurnani L, Cairo E, Campana D, Cairo M. Significant Ex-Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood (CB) Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Concomitant Decrease in CB T-Cells by Genetically Reengineered K562 Cells (K562-mbIL15-41BBL). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McKenzie DJ, Garofalo E, Winter MJ, Ceradini S, Verweij F, Day N, Hayes R, van der Oost R, Butler PJ, Chipman JK, Taylor EW. Complex physiological traits as biomarkers of the sub-lethal toxicological effects of pollutant exposure in fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 362:2043-59. [PMID: 17475615 PMCID: PMC2442853 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex physiological traits, such as routine aerobic metabolic rate or exercise performance, are indicators of the functional integrity of fish that can reveal sub-lethal toxicological effects of aquatic pollutants. These traits have proved valuable in laboratory investigations of the sub-lethal effects of heavy metals, ammonia and various xenobiotics. It is not known, however, whether they can also function as biomarkers of the complex potential range of effects upon overall functional integrity caused by exposure to mixtures of chemicals in polluted natural environments. The current study used portable swimming respirometers to compare exercise performance and respiratory metabolism of fish exposed in cages for three weeks to either clean or polluted sites on three urban European river systems: the river Lambro, Milan, Italy; the rivers Blythe, Cole and Tame, Birmingham, UK; and the river Amstel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The UK and Italian rivers were variously polluted with high levels of both bioavailable heavy metals and organics, and the Amstel by mixtures of bioavailable organics at high concentrations. In both the UK and Italy, indigenous chub (Leuciscus cephalus) exposed to clean or polluted sites swam equally well in an initial performance test, but the chub from polluted sites could not repeat this performance after a brief recovery interval. These animals were unable to raise the metabolic rate and allocate oxygen towards exercise in the second trial, an effect confirmed in successive campaigns in Italy. Swimming performance was therefore a biomarker indicator of pollutant exposure in chub exposed at these sites. Exposure to polluted sites on the river Amstel did not affect the repeat swimming performance of cultured cloned carp (Cyprinus carpio), indicating either a species-specific tolerance or relative absence of heavy metals. However, measurements of oxygen uptake during swimming revealed increased rates of routine aerobic metabolism in both chub and carp at polluted sites in all of the rivers studied, indicating a sub-lethal metabolic loading effect. Therefore, the physiological traits of exercise performance and metabolic rate have potential as biomarkers of the overall sub-lethal toxic effects of exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants in rivers, and may also provide insight into why fish do not colonize some polluted environments.
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Khor CC, Vannberg FO, Chapman SJ, Walley A, Aucan C, Loke H, White NJ, Peto T, Khor LK, Kwiatkowski D, Day N, Scott A, Berkley JA, Marsh K, Peshu N, Maitland K, Williams TN, Hill AVS. Positive replication and linkage disequilibrium mapping of the chromosome 21q22.1 malaria susceptibility locus. Genes Immun 2007; 8:570-6. [PMID: 17703179 PMCID: PMC2850168 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four cytokine receptor genes are located on Chr21q22.11, encoding the alpha and beta subunits of the interferon-alpha receptor (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2), the beta subunit of the interleukin 10 receptor (IL10RB) and the second subunit of the interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR2). We previously reported that two variants in IFNAR1 were associated with susceptibility to malaria in Gambians. We now present an extensive fine-scale mapping of the associated region utilizing 45 additional genetic markers obtained from public databases and by sequencing a 44 kb region in and around the IFNAR1 gene in 24 Gambian children (12 cases/12 controls). Within the IFNAR1 gene, a newly studied C --> G single-nucleotide polymorphism (IFNAR1 272354c-g) at position -576 relative to the transcription start was found to be more strongly associated with susceptibility to severe malaria. Association was observed in three populations: in Gambian (P=0.002), Kenyan (P=0.022) and Vietnamese (P=0.005) case-control studies. When all three studies were combined, using the Mantel-Haenszel test, the presence of IFNAR1 -576G was associated with a substantially elevated risk of severe malaria (N=2444, OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.64; P=1.7 x 10(-4)). This study builds on previous work to further highlight the importance of the type-I interferon pathway in malaria susceptibility and illustrates the utility of typing SNPs within regions of high linkage disequilibrium in multiple populations to confirm initial positive associations.
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Shereck E, Satwani P, van de Ven C, Ayello J, Crockett D, Lim M, Wapner R, Day N, Jiang H, Cairo M. 355: Immunophenotypic and proteomic characterization of cord blood (CB) CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Larsen RA, Bauer M, Brouwer AE, Sanchez A, Thomas AM, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, Peacock SJ, Day N, White NJ, Rinaldi MG, Harrison TS. In vitro-clinical correlations for amphotericin B susceptibility in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:343-5. [PMID: 17060519 PMCID: PMC1797648 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00742-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable measures of antifungal drug susceptibility are needed. We tested the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans from patients treated with amphotericin B. In vitro susceptibility employed a modified broth macrodilution method. We demonstrate a strong correlation between the quantitative measures of in vitro amphotericin B susceptibility and the quantitative response observed in patients.
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Lindegårdh N, Annerberg A, Blessborn D, Bergqvist Y, Day N, White NJ. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method using automated solid-phase extraction and LC-UV for the simultaneous determination of lumefantrine and its desbutyl metabolite in plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 37:1081-8. [PMID: 15862688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Revised: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical method for the determination of lumefantrine (LF) and its metabolite desbutyl-lumefantrine (DLF) in plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography has been developed. Plasma proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile:acetic acid (99:1, v/v) containing a DLF analogue internal standard before being loaded onto a octylsilica (3 M Empore) SPE column. Two different DLF analogues were evaluated as internal standards. The compounds were analysed by liquid chromatography UV detection on a SB-CN (250 mm x 4.6 mm) column with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile-sodium phosphate buffer pH (2.0; 0.1 M) (55:45, v/v) and sodium perchlorate 0.05 M. Different SPE columns were evaluated during method development to optimise reproducibility and recovery for LF, DLF and the two different DLF analogues. The within-day precisions for LF were 6.6 and 2.1% at 0.042 and 8.02 microg/mL, respectively, and for DLF 4.5 and 1.5% at 0.039 and 0.777 microg/mL, respectively. The between-day precisions for LF were 12.0 and 2.9% at 0.042 and 8.02 microg/mL, respectively, while for DLF 0.7 and 1.2% at 0.039 and 0.777 microg/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.024 and 0.021 microg/mL for LF and DLF, respectively. Different amounts of lipids in plasma did not affect the absolute recovery of LF or DLF.
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Day N, Butler PJ. The effects of acclimation to reversed seasonal temperatures on the swimming performance of adult brown trout Salmo trutta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 208:2683-92. [PMID: 16000538 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult brown trout (Salmo trutta) were acclimatised to and maintained at seasonal temperatures (5 degrees C in winter; 15 degrees C in summer) and acclimated to reversed seasonal temperatures (15 degrees C in winter; 5 degrees C in summer) while exposed to the natural (i.e. seasonally variable) photoperiod. The mean critical swimming speeds (U(crit)) of animals acclimatised to the seasonal temperatures were similar, but more than 30% greater than those for fish acclimated to the reversed seasonal temperatures. The lower values of U(crit) that accompanied acclimation to reversed seasonal temperatures appeared largely to result from the inability of white muscle to function maximally, since the concentrations of lactate and ammonia in white muscle of fish swum to U(crit) at reversed seasonal temperatures were significantly lower than those in fish swum at seasonal temperatures. These observations, together with biochemical and morphometric attributes of muscle tissue, suggest that swimming ability is influenced, at least in part, by seasonal factors other than temperature. These data have important implications for the design of experiments using fish that experience predictable, usually seasonal, changes in their natural environment (temperature, dissolved oxygen, changes in water levels, etc.).
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Bonaminio PN, de Regnier R, Chang E, Day N, Manzi S, Ramsey-Goldman R. Minor physical anomalies are not increased in the offspring of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 65:246-8. [PMID: 15994279 PMCID: PMC1798037 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.038844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and type of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Each trimester, pregnant women with SLE were assessed for disease activity, prescribed drug use, and exposure to tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs through a self reported questionnaire. Infant examinations were performed on 30/39 (77%) live births in women with SLE and the incidence of MPAs determined. RESULTS 2/30 (7%) patients had three or more MPAs; 4 (13%) had two; 7 (23%) had one; and 17 (57%) had none. One in three women reported alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. Facial anomalies were the most common MPAs. The relative risk and 95% confidence interval for any MPA were 2.05 (0.99 to 4.26) for tobacco use; 1.95 (0.92 to 4.11) for alcohol use; 1.36 (0.165 to 11.23) for maternal disease flare; 0.63 (0.27 to 1.47) for prednisone use; and 0.72 (0.21 to 2.44) for aspirin use. CONCLUSION 13/30 (43%) infants had minor anomalies-a similar incidence to that of the general population. Counselling for preventable self reported exposure is advisable in addition to counselling specifically for lupus management during pregnancy.
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Shohaimi S, Welch A, Bingham S, Luben R, Day N, Wareham N, Khaw KT. Area deprivation predicts lung function independently of education and social class. Eur Respir J 2005; 24:157-61. [PMID: 15293619 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.04.00088303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The cross-sectional association between socioeconomic status (at both the individual and area-based level) and lung function, as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second, in a large population-based cohort was investigated. The study population consisted of 22,675 males and females aged 39-79 yrs. They were recruited from the general community in Norfolk, UK using general practice age/sex registers, as part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). It was found that being in a manual occupational social class, having no educational qualifications and living in a deprived area all independently predicted significantly lower lung function, even after controlling for smoking habit. The influence of area-deprivation on lung function, independent of individual socioeconomic status and of individual smoking habit, suggests that apart from targeting individuals who are at high-risk, such as smokers, environmental determinants also need to be examined when considering measures to improve respiratory health.
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Pattison DJ, Silman AJ, Goodson NJ, Lunt M, Bunn D, Luben R, Welch A, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Day N, Symmons DPM. Vitamin C and the risk of developing inflammatory polyarthritis: prospective nested case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:843-7. [PMID: 15194581 PMCID: PMC1755070 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.016097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether, there is an association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and dietary antioxidants and the risk of developing inflammatory polyarthritis (IP). METHODS In a prospective, population based, nested case-control study of residents of Norfolk, UK, men and women aged 45-74 years were recruited, between 1993 and 1997 through general practice age-sex registers to the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using 7 day diet diaries. Seventy three participants who went on to develop IP between 1993 and 2001 and were registered by the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) were identified. Incident cases of IP, assessed by general practitioners, fulfilled the criteria of two or more swollen joints, persisting for a minimum of 4 weeks. Each case of IP was matched for age and sex with two controls free of IP. RESULTS Lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, and vitamin C were associated with an increased risk of developing IP. Those in the lowest category of vitamin C intake, compared with the highest, increased their risk of developing IP more than threefold, adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.3 (95% CI 1.4 to 7.9). Weak inverse associations between vitamin E and beta-carotene intake and IP risk were found. CONCLUSION Patients with IP (cases) consumed less fruit and vitamin C than matched controls, which appeared to increase their risk of developing IP. The mechanism for this effect is uncertain. Thus similar studies are necessary to confirm these results.
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Canoy D, Luben R, Welch A, Bingham S, Wareham N, Day N, Khaw KT. Abdominal obesity and respiratory function in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk Study, United Kingdom. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 159:1140-9. [PMID: 15191931 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor respiratory function and obesity are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Obese persons may also have impaired lung function, but the mechanism is unclear. The authors investigated the relation between abdominal pattern of obesity and respiratory function in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort in Norfolk, United Kingdom. This analysis included 9,674 men and 11,876 women aged 45-79 years with no known preexisting serious illness who had complete anthropometric and respiratory function measures obtained at a health visit between 1993 and 1997. Waist:hip ratio was used to assess abdominal obesity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), obtained by spirometry, were used to assess respiratory function. Both FEV1 and FVC were linearly and inversely related across the entire range of waist:hip ratio in both men and women. This relation persisted after adjustment for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, social class, physical activity index, prevalent bronchitis/emphysema, and prevalent asthma. The association remained significant among nonobese nonsmokers without preexisting respiratory disease. In the general adult population, abdominal fat deposition may play a role in the impairment of respiratory function among the abdominally obese.
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