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Arndt S, Sandow T, Gimenez J, Ramalingam V, Gilbert P, Gulotta P. 03:36 PM Abstract No. 106 Final results of a prospective study of lung shunt fraction as related to chemoembolization outcomes and predictors of lung shunt fraction. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Bravo AG, Kothawala DN, Attermeyer K, Tessier E, Bodmer P, Ledesma JLJ, Audet J, Casas-Ruiz JP, Catalán N, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Colls M, Deininger A, Evtimova VV, Fonvielle JA, Fuß T, Gilbert P, Herrero Ortega S, Liu L, Mendoza-Lera C, Monteiro J, Mor JR, Nagler M, Niedrist GH, Nydahl AC, Pastor A, Pegg J, Gutmann Roberts C, Pilotto F, Portela AP, González-Quijano CR, Romero F, Rulík M, Amouroux D. The interplay between total mercury, methylmercury and dissolved organic matter in fluvial systems: A latitudinal study across Europe. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:172-182. [PMID: 30029076 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale studies are needed to identify the drivers of total mercury (THg) and monomethyl-mercury (MeHg) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. Studies attempting to link dissolved organic matter (DOM) to levels of THg or MeHg are few and geographically constrained. Additionally, stream and river systems have been understudied as compared to lakes. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of DOM concentration and composition, morphological descriptors, land uses and water chemistry on THg and MeHg concentrations and the percentage of THg as MeHg (%MeHg) in 29 streams across Europe spanning from 41°N to 64 °N. THg concentrations (0.06-2.78 ng L-1) were highest in streams characterized by DOM with a high terrestrial soil signature and low nutrient content. MeHg concentrations (7.8-159 pg L-1) varied non-systematically across systems. Relationships between DOM bulk characteristics and THg and MeHg suggest that while soil derived DOM inputs control THg concentrations, autochthonous DOM (aquatically produced) and the availability of electron acceptors for Hg methylating microorganisms (e.g. sulfate) drive %MeHg and potentially MeHg concentration. Overall, these results highlight the large spatial variability in THg and MeHg concentrations at the European scale, and underscore the importance of DOM composition on mercury cycling in fluvial systems.
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Sandow T, Thevenot P, Gimenez J, Arndt S, Nunez K, DeVun D, Gulotta P, Ramalingam V, Gilbert P, Kirsch D, Bohorquez H, Kay D, Cohen A. 3:18 PM Abstract No. 35 ■ DISTINGUISHED ABSTRACT Lymphopenia selects poor DEB-TACE response in transplant waitlist patients: prospective, single-center, observational study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Arndt S, Gilbert P, Sandow T, Kay D, DeVun D, Goldman D, Gimenez J, Ramalingam V. Abstract No. 488 Overall survival and survival after second primary in thermal ablation, resection, and transplantation in patients with cured primary and subsequent second primary hepatocellular carcinoma, a SEER study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Arndt S, Sandow T, Gimenez J, Kay D, Gulotta P, DeVun D, Gilbert P, Ramalingam V. Abstract No. 504 Drug-eluting bead TACE response predicts post liver transplant recurrence in a 6-year cohort. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Goldman D, Sandow T, Gimenez J, Arndt S, Thevenot P, Nunez K, DeVun D, Gulotta P, Ramalingam V, Gilbert P, Kirsch D, Bohorquez H, Galliano G, Cohen A, Kay D. 3:00 PM Abstract No. 33 Pre-TACE immune status correlates with treatment response and necrosis rates in HCC as a bridge to liver transplant. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Perez LG, Martinez DR, deCamp AC, Pinter A, Berman PW, Francis D, Sinangil F, Lee C, Greene K, Gao H, Nitayaphan S, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kaewkungwal J, Pitisuttithum P, Tartaglia J, O’Connell RJ, Robb ML, Michael NL, Kim JH, Gilbert P, Montefiori DC. V1V2-specific complement activating serum IgG as a correlate of reduced HIV-1 infection risk in RV144. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180720. [PMID: 28678869 PMCID: PMC5498072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-neutralizing IgG to the V1V2 loop of HIV-1 gp120 correlates with a decreased risk of HIV-1 infection but the mechanism of protection remains unknown. This V1V2 IgG correlate was identified in RV144 Thai trial vaccine recipients, who were primed with a canarypox vector expressing membrane-bound gp120 (vCP1521) and boosted with vCP1521 plus a mixture gp120 proteins from clade B and clade CRF01_AE (B/E gp120). We sought to determine whether the mechanism of vaccine protection might involve antibody-dependent complement activation. Complement activation was measured as a function of complement component C3d deposition on V1V2-coated beads in the presence of RV144 sera. Variable levels of complement activation were detected two weeks post final boosting in RV144, which is when the V1V2 IgG correlate was identified. The magnitude of complement activation correlated with V1V2-specific serum IgG and was stronger and more common in RV144 than in HIV-1 infected individuals and two related HIV-1 vaccine trials, VAX003 and VAX004, where no protection was seen. After adjusting for gp120 IgA, V1V2 IgG, gender, and risk score, complement activation by case-control plasmas from RV144 correlated inversely with a reduced risk of HIV-1 infection, with odds ratio for positive versus negative response to TH023-V1V2 0.42 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.99, p = 0.048) and to A244-V1V2 0.49 (95% CI 0.21 to 1.10, p = 0.085). These results suggest that complement activity may have contributed in part to modest protection against the acquisition of HIV-1 infection seen in the RV144 trial.
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Matos M, Duarte J, Duarte C, Pinto-Gouveia J, Gilbert P. Cultivating the compassionate self against depression: An exploration of processes of change. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCompassion and self-compassion can be protective factors against mental health difficulties, in particular depression. The cultivation of the compassionate self, associated with a range of practices such as slow and deeper breathing, compassionate voice tones and facial expressions, and compassionate focusing, is central to compassion focused therapy (Gilbert, 2010). However, no study has examined the processes of change that mediate the impact of compassionate self-cultivation practices on depressive symptoms.AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a brief compassionate self training (CST) intervention on depressive symptoms, and explore the psychological processes that mediate the change at post intervention.MethodsUsing a longitudinal design, participants (general population and college students) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: Compassionate self training (n = 56) and wait-list control (n = 37). Participants in the CST condition were instructed to practice CST exercises for 15 minutes everyday or in moments of stress during two weeks. Self-report measures of depression, self-criticism, shame and compassion, were completed at pre and post in both conditions.ResultsResults showed that, at post-intervention, participants in the CST condition decreased depression, self-criticism and shame, and increased self-compassion and openness to receive compassion from others. Mediation analyses revealed that changes in depression from pre to post intervention were mediated by decreases in self-criticism and shame, and increases in self-compassion and openness to the compassion from others.ConclusionsThese findings support the efficacy of compassionate self training components on lessening depressive symptoms and promoting mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Sandow T, Albar A, Gulotta P, Bennett G, Galliano G, DeVun D, Kirsch D, Gimenez J, Malkerneker D, Gilbert P, Bohorquez H, Kay D. Tumor grade and primary treatment response following DEB-TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma based on liver explant. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Sandow T, Albar A, Gulotta P, Bennett G, Galliano G, DeVun D, Kirsch D, Gimenez J, Malkerneker D, Gilbert P, Bohorquez H, Kay D. Primary treatment response based on tumor explant morphology in HCC following DEB-TACE. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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McGarry A, McDermott M, Kieburtz K, de Blieck EA, Beal F, Marder K, Ross C, Shoulson I, Gilbert P, Mallonee WM, Guttman M, Wojcieszek J, Kumar R, LeDoux MS, Jenkins M, Rosas HD, Nance M, Biglan K, Como P, Dubinsky RM, Shannon KM, O'Suilleabhain P, Chou K, Walker F, Martin W, Wheelock VL, McCusker E, Jankovic J, Singer C, Sanchez-Ramos J, Scott B, Suchowersky O, Factor SA, Higgins DS, Molho E, Revilla F, Caviness JN, Friedman JH, Perlmutter JS, Feigin A, Anderson K, Rodriguez R, McFarland NR, Margolis RL, Farbman ES, Raymond LA, Suski V, Kostyk S, Colcher A, Seeberger L, Epping E, Esmail S, Diaz N, Fung WLA, Diamond A, Frank S, Hanna P, Hermanowicz N, Dure LS, Cudkowicz M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in Huntington disease. Neurology 2016; 88:152-159. [PMID: 27913695 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that chronic treatment of early-stage Huntington disease (HD) with high-dose coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) will slow the progressive functional decline of HD. METHODS We performed a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with early-stage HD (n = 609) were enrolled at 48 sites in the United States, Canada, and Australia from 2008 to 2012. Patients were randomized to receive either CoQ 2,400 mg/d or matching placebo, then followed for 60 months. The primary outcome variable was the change from baseline to month 60 in Total Functional Capacity score (for patients who survived) combined with time to death (for patients who died) analyzed using a joint-rank analysis approach. RESULTS An interim analysis for futility revealed a conditional power of <5% for the primary analysis, prompting premature conclusion in July 2014. No statistically significant differences were seen between treatment groups for the primary or secondary outcome measures. CoQ was generally safe and well-tolerated throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS These data do not justify use of CoQ as a treatment to slow functional decline in HD. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT00608881. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This article provides Class I evidence that CoQ does not slow the progressive functional decline of patients with HD.
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Bourgeois A, Egbert R, Gilbert P, Sanders K, Yamada R, Anderson M, Guimaraes M. Patent hemostasis modified technique in transradial interventional procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pryor W, Bourgeois A, Sanders K, Gilbert P, Egbert, Yamada R, Guimaraes M. Radial access for liver-directed therapy: a single center prospective study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Vasan S, Rerks-Ngarm S, Gilbert P, Haynes B, Nitayapan S, Pitisuttihum P, Kaewkungwal J, Excler JL, Robb M, Michael N, Kim J, O'Connell R. Letter to the Editor on: The RV144 vaccine regimen was not associated with enhancement of infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:1036-7. [PMID: 25746053 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1010970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Sheppard D, Woods S, Bondi M, Gilbert P, Massman P. A-14Combined Effects of Older Age and HIV Disease on the One-Year Incidence of Neurocognitive Disorders. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv047.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Doyle K, Iudicello J, Morgan E, Gilbert P, Cameron M, Woods S. A-29Health-Related Decision-Making is Disrupted in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv047.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Williams WB, Liao HX, Moody MA, Kepler TB, Alam SM, Gao F, Wiehe K, Trama AM, Jones K, Zhang R, Song H, Marshall DJ, Whitesides JF, Sawatzki K, Hua A, Liu P, Tay MZ, Seaton KE, Shen X, Foulger A, Lloyd KE, Parks R, Pollara J, Ferrari G, Yu JS, Vandergrift N, Montefiori DC, Sobieszczyk ME, Hammer S, Karuna S, Gilbert P, Grove D, Grunenberg N, McElrath MJ, Mascola JR, Koup RA, Corey L, Nabel GJ, Morgan C, Churchyard G, Maenza J, Keefer M, Graham BS, Baden LR, Tomaras GD, Haynes BF. HIV-1 VACCINES. Diversion of HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity by gp41-microbiota cross-reactive antibodies. Science 2015; 349:aab1253. [PMID: 26229114 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An HIV-1 DNA prime vaccine, with a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) boost, failed to protect from HIV-1 acquisition. We studied the nature of the vaccine-induced antibody (Ab) response to HIV-1 envelope (Env). HIV-1-reactive plasma Ab titers were higher to Env gp41 than to gp120, and repertoire analysis demonstrated that 93% of HIV-1-reactive Abs from memory B cells responded to Env gp41. Vaccine-induced gp41-reactive monoclonal antibodies were non-neutralizing and frequently polyreactive with host and environmental antigens, including intestinal microbiota (IM). Next-generation sequencing of an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region repertoire before vaccination revealed an Env-IM cross-reactive Ab that was clonally related to a subsequent vaccine-induced gp41-reactive Ab. Thus, HIV-1 Env DNA-rAd5 vaccine induced a dominant IM-polyreactive, non-neutralizing gp41-reactive Ab repertoire response that was associated with no vaccine efficacy.
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Permar SR, Fong Y, Vandergrift N, Fouda GG, Gilbert P, Parks R, Jaeger FH, Pollara J, Martelli A, Liebl BE, Lloyd K, Yates NL, Overman RG, Shen X, Whitaker K, Chen H, Pritchett J, Solomon E, Friberg E, Marshall DJ, Whitesides JF, Gurley TC, Von Holle T, Martinez DR, Cai F, Kumar A, Xia SM, Lu X, Louzao R, Wilkes S, Datta S, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Liao HX, Ferrari G, Alam SM, Montefiori DC, Denny TN, Moody MA, Tomaras GD, Gao F, Haynes BF. Maternal HIV-1 envelope-specific antibody responses and reduced risk of perinatal transmission. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2702-6. [PMID: 26053661 DOI: 10.1172/jci81593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide availability of antiretroviral drugs, more than 250,000 infants are vertically infected with HIV-1 annually, emphasizing the need for additional interventions to eliminate pediatric HIV-1 infections. Here, we aimed to define humoral immune correlates of risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1, including responses associated with protection in the RV144 vaccine trial. Eighty-three untreated, HIV-1-transmitting mothers and 165 propensity score-matched nontransmitting mothers were selected from the Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS) of US nonbreastfeeding, HIV-1-infected mothers. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the magnitude of the maternal IgG responses specific for the third variable loop (V3) of the HIV-1 envelope was predictive of a reduced risk of MTCT. Neutralizing Ab responses against easy-to-neutralize (tier 1) HIV-1 strains also predicted a reduced risk of peripartum transmission in secondary analyses. Moreover, recombinant maternal V3-specific IgG mAbs mediated neutralization of autologous HIV-1 isolates. Thus, common V3-specific Ab responses in maternal plasma predicted a reduced risk of MTCT and mediated autologous virus neutralization, suggesting that boosting these maternal Ab responses may further reduce HIV-1 MTCT.
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Lin L, Finak G, Ushey K, Seshadri C, Hawn TR, Frahm N, Scriba TJ, Mahomed H, Hanekom W, Bart PA, Pantaleo G, Tomaras GD, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kaewkungwal J, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Michael NL, Kim JH, Robb ML, O'Connell RJ, Karasavvas N, Gilbert P, C De Rosa S, McElrath MJ, Gottardo R. COMPASS identifies T-cell subsets correlated with clinical outcomes. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:610-6. [PMID: 26006008 PMCID: PMC4569006 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in flow cytometry and other single-cell technologies have enabled high-dimensional, high-throughput measurements of individual cells as well as the interrogation of cell population heterogeneity. However, in many instances, computational tools to analyze the wealth of data generated by these technologies are lacking. Here, we present a computational framework for unbiased combinatorial polyfunctionality analysis of antigen-specific T-cell subsets (COMPASS). COMPASS uses a Bayesian hierarchical framework to model all observed cell subsets and select those most likely to have antigen-specific responses. Cell-subset responses are quantified by posterior probabilities, and human subject-level responses are quantified by two summary statistics that describe the quality of an individual's polyfunctional response and can be correlated directly with clinical outcome. Using three clinical data sets of cytokine production, we demonstrate how COMPASS improves characterization of antigen-specific T cells and reveals cellular 'correlates of protection/immunity' in the RV144 HIV vaccine efficacy trial that are missed by other methods. COMPASS is available as open-source software.
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Fong Y, Gilbert P. Calibration weighted estimation of semiparametric transformation models for two-phase sampling. Stat Med 2015; 34:1695-707. [PMID: 25648332 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two-phase designs are commonly used to subsample subjects from a cohort in order to study covariates that are too expensive to ascertain for everyone in the cohort. This is particularly true for the study of immune response biomarkers in vaccine immunology, where new, elaborate assays are constantly being developed to improve our understanding of the human immune responses to vaccines and how the immune response may protect humans from virus infection. It has long being recognized that if there exist variables that are correlated with expensive variables and can be measured for every subject in the cohort, they can be leveraged to improve the estimation efficiency for the effects of the expensive variables. In this research article, we developed an improved inverse probability weighted estimation approach for semiparametric transformation models with a two-phase study design. Semiparametric transformation models are a class of models that include the Cox PH and proportional odds models. They provide an attractive way to model the effects of immune response biomarkers as human immune responses generally wane over time. Our approach is based on weights calibration, which has its origin in survey statistics and was used by Breslow et al. to improve inverse probability weighted estimation of the Cox regression model. We develop asymptotic theory for our estimator and examine its performance through simulation studies. We illustrate the proposed method with application to two HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials.
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Talley AK, Healy SA, Finney OC, Murphy SC, Kublin J, Salas CJ, Lundebjerg S, Gilbert P, Van Voorhis WC, Whisler J, Wang R, Ockenhouse CF, Heppner DG, Kappe SH, Duffy PE. Safety and comparability of controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infection by mosquito bite in malaria-naïve subjects at a new facility for sporozoite challenge. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109654. [PMID: 25405724 PMCID: PMC4236046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies which recapitulate mosquito-borne infection are a critical tool to identify protective vaccine and drug candidates for advancement to field trials. In partnership with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the CHMI model was established at the Seattle Biomedical Research Institute's Malaria Clinical Trials Center (MCTC). Activities and reagents at both centers were aligned to ensure comparability and continued safety of the model. To demonstrate successful implementation, CHMI was performed in six healthy malaria-naïve volunteers. Methods All volunteers received NF54 strain Plasmodium falciparum by the bite of five infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes under controlled conditions and were monitored for signs and symptoms of malaria and for parasitemia by peripheral blood smear. Subjects were treated upon diagnosis with chloroquine by directly observed therapy. Immunological (T cell and antibody) and molecular diagnostic (real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR]) assessments were also performed. Results All six volunteers developed patent parasitemia and clinical malaria. No serious adverse events occurred during the study period or for six months post-infection. The mean prepatent period was 11.2 days (range 9–14 days), and geometric mean parasitemia upon diagnosis was 10.8 parasites/µL (range 2–69) by microscopy. qRT-PCR detected parasites an average of 3.7 days (range 2–4 days) earlier than blood smears. All volunteers developed antibodies to the blood-stage antigen merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1), which persisted up to six months. Humoral and cellular responses to pre-erythrocytic antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and liver-stage antigen 1 (LSA-1) were limited. Conclusion The CHMI model was safe, well tolerated and characterized by consistent prepatent periods, pre-symptomatic diagnosis in 3/6 subjects and adverse event profiles as reported at established centers. The MCTC can now evaluate candidates in the increasingly diverse vaccine and drug pipeline using the CHMI model. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01058226
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Zolla-Pazner S, Edlefsen PT, Rolland M, Kong XP, deCamp A, Gottardo R, Williams C, Tovanabutra S, Sharpe-Cohen S, Mullins JI, deSouza MS, Karasavvas N, Nitayaphan S, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttihum P, Kaewkungwal J, O'Connell RJ, Robb ML, Michael NL, Kim JH, Gilbert P. Vaccine-induced Human Antibodies Specific for the Third Variable Region of HIV-1 gp120 Impose Immune Pressure on Infecting Viruses. EBioMedicine 2014; 1:37-45. [PMID: 25599085 PMCID: PMC4293639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the role of V3-specific IgG antibodies (Abs) in the RV144 clinical HIV vaccine trial, which reduced HIV-1 infection by 31.2%, the anti-V3 Ab response was assessed. Vaccinees' V3 Abs were highly cross-reactive with cyclic V3 peptides (cV3s) from diverse virus subtypes. Sieve analysis of CRF01_AE breakthrough viruses from 43 vaccine- and 66 placebo-recipients demonstrated an estimated vaccine efficacy of 85% against viruses with amino acids mismatching the vaccine at V3 site 317 (p = 0.004) and 52% against viruses matching the vaccine at V3 site 307 (p = 0.004). This analysis was supported by data showing that vaccinees' plasma Abs were less reactive with I307 when replaced with residues found more often in vaccinees' breakthrough viruses. Simultaneously, viruses with mutations at F317 were less infectious, possibly due to the contribution of F317 to optimal formation of the V3 hydrophobic core. These data suggest that RV144-induced V3-specific Abs imposed immune pressure on infecting viruses and inform efforts to design an HIV vaccine. The RV144 vaccine reduced infection by viruses with isoleucine in V3 position 307. Many vaccine-induced antibodies are cross-reactive and target an epitope including I307. There was selection for breakthrough viruses carrying F317 in V3 (p = 0.004). F317 is needed to maintain optimal infectivity. F317 is a poor or non-contact residue for vaccine induced V3 antibodies.
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Buchbinder SP, Hay C, Grunenberg N, Goepfert P, Georgia T, Seaton K, Sato A, Elizaga M, Yu X, Gilbert P, Moss B, Robinson H. VLP-expressing DNA/MVA Vaccines: The Effect of Schedule and Regimen on Antibody Magnitude and Avidity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5050.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Michaud A, Gilbert P, Gatzoulis M, Pibarot P, Rodés-Cabau J, Perron J, Bedard E. LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILE RESERVE ASSESSED BY EXERCISE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAM IN ADULTS WITH REPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT: A NOVEL EARLY MARKER OF INTRINSIC MYOCARDIAL DISEASE? Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Sachdev DD, Ahmed H, Huang Y, Gilbert P, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kaewkungwal J, Nitayaphan S, Michael N, Pitisuttithum P, Robb M, Kim JH, O'Connell R, Frahm N, Morgan C, Buchbinder SP. Sex Differences in Immune Variables in the RV144 Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5410.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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