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Katz R, Abu Ahmed M, Safadi A, Roizman S, Zisman A, Maharan K, Dekel Y, Baniel J, Aharoni S. The Butterfly: A novel minimally invasive transurethral retraction device for BPH. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DeVita T, Brett-Major D, Katz R. How are healthcare provider systems preparing for health emergency situations? WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2021; 14:102-120. [PMID: 34226853 PMCID: PMC8242524 DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural disasters, disease outbreaks, famine, and human conflict have strained communities everywhere over the course of human existence. However, modern changes in climate, human mobility, and other factors have increased the global community's vulnerability to widespread emergencies. We are in the midst of a disruptive health event, with the COVID-19 pandemic testing our health provider systems globally. This study presents a qualitative analysis of published literature, obtained systematically, to examine approaches health providers are taking to prepare for and respond to mass casualty incidents around the globe. The research reveals emerging trends in the weaknesses of systems' disaster responses while highlighting proposed solutions, so that others may better prepare for future disasters. Additionally, the research examines gaps in the literature, to foster more targeted and actionable contributions to the literature.
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Boyce MR, Katz R. COVID-19 and the proliferation of urban networks for health security. Health Policy Plan 2021; 36:357-359. [PMID: 33491068 PMCID: PMC7928945 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed cities establishing themselves as major players in addressing global issues, often taking collective action through international city networks and organizations. These networks are important, as they amplify the voices of municipal officials, who are often excluded from high-level decision-making, and can also provide a platform for officials from low- or middle-income nations to participate in higher-level political forums. The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has included traditional public health stakeholders—including supranational organizations, international non-governmental organizations and national authorities—but has also featured mayors and city networks, in an unprecedented fashion. Existing networks without an explicit focus on health have shifted their focuses to prioritize pandemic response and several new networks have been created. These developments are significant, not only because they represent a shift in health governance and policy, but also because cities and urban networks more broadly have exhibited a nimbleness and pragmatism unmatched by higher levels of governance. These characteristics could prove beneficial for addressing the current pandemic, as well as future health issues and emergencies. Furthermore, given the relative lack of engagement with health security issues before the COVID-19 pandemic, the drastic health and economic impacts associated with it, and the demonstrable value added by strong city leadership, there are an open policy window and a compelling case for continued city engagement in health security.
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Boyce MR, Attal-Juncqua A, Lin J, McKay S, Katz R. Global Fund contributions to health security in ten countries, 2014-20: mapping synergies between vertical disease programmes and capacities for preventing, detecting, and responding to public health emergencies. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:e181-e188. [PMID: 33482139 PMCID: PMC8448292 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is a robust vertical global health programme. The extent to which vertical programmes financially support health security has not been investigated. We, therefore, endeavoured to quantify the extent to which the budgets of this vertical programme support health security. We believe this is a crucial area of work as the global community works to combine resources for COVID-19 response and future pandemic preparedness. METHODS We examined budgets for work in Kenya, Uganda, Vietnam, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone from January, 2014 to December, 2020. These ten countries were selected because of the robustness of investments and the availability of data. Using the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool as a framework, we mapped budget line items to health security capacities. Two researchers independently reviewed each budget and mapped items to the JEE. Budgets were then jointly reviewed until a consensus was reached regarding if an item supported health security directly, indirectly, or not at all. The budgets for the study countries were inputted into a single Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and line items that mapped to JEE indicators were scaled up to their respective JEE capacity. Descriptive analyses were then done to determine the total amount of money budgeted for activities that support health security, how much was budgeted for each JEE capacity, and how much of the support was direct or indirect. FINDINGS The research team reviewed 37 budgets. Budgets totalled US$6 927 284 966, and $2 562 063 054 (37·0%) of this mapped to JEE capacities. $1 330 942 712 (19·2%) mapped directly to JEE capacities and $1 231 120 342 (17·8%) mapped indirectly to JEE capacities. Laboratory systems, antimicrobial resistance, and the deployment of medical countermeasures and personnel received the most overall budgetary support; laboratory systems, antimicrobial resistance, and workforce development received the greatest amount of direct budgetary support. INTERPRETATION Over one-third of the Global Fund's work also supports health security and the organisation has budgeted more than $2 500 000 000 for activities that support health security in ten countries since 2014. Although these funds were not budgeted specifically for health security purposes, recognising how vertical programmes can synergistically support other global health efforts has important implications for policy related to health systems strengthening. FUNDING Resolve to Save Lives: An Initiative of Vital Strategies.
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Martel LD, Phipps M, Traore A, Standley CJ, Soumah ML, Lamah A, Wone A, Asima M, Barry AM, Berete M, Attal-Juncqua A, Katz R, Robert A, Sompare I, Sorrell EM, Toure Y, Morel-Vulliez A, Keita S. Public health emergency management capacity building in Guinea: 2014-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 2021; 16:179-200. [PMID: 39156078 PMCID: PMC11328550 DOI: 10.1504/ijem.2020.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Before the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014-2016, Guinea did not have an emergency management system in place. During the outbreak, Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) 2014-2019 funds made it possible to rapidly improve the country's capacity to manage epidemics through the development of public health emergency operation centres (PHEOCs) at the national and district levels. Since the end of the response, the infrastructure, staff, and systems of these PHEOCs have been further reinforced and well-integrated in the daily activities of Guinea's National Agency for Health Security, the entity responsible for the management of epidemics. The development of PHEOCs as emergency management tools for epidemics in Guinea would not have been possible without a strong endorsement within the Ministry of Health. Guinea's PHEOC network is well-positioned to serve as a model of excellence for other Ministries in Guinea and Ministries of Health of other countries of West Africa.
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Kraemer MUG, Scarpino SV, Marivate V, Gutierrez B, Xu B, Lee G, Hawkins JB, Rivers C, Pigott DM, Katz R, Brownstein JS. Data curation during a pandemic and lessons learned from COVID-19. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 1:9-10. [PMID: 38217160 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-020-00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lewis G, Jordan JL, Relman DA, Koblentz GD, Leung J, Dafoe A, Nelson C, Epstein GL, Katz R, Montague M, Alley EC, Filone CM, Luby S, Church GM, Millett P, Esvelt KM, Cameron EE, Inglesby TV. The biosecurity benefits of genetic engineering attribution. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6294. [PMID: 33293537 PMCID: PMC7722838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology can be misused, and the risk of this causing widespread harm increases in step with the rapid march of technological progress. A key security challenge involves attribution: determining, in the wake of a human-caused biological event, who was responsible. Recent scientific developments have demonstrated a capability for detecting whether an organism involved in such an event has been genetically modified and, if modified, to infer from its genetic sequence its likely lab of origin. We believe this technique could be developed into powerful forensic tools to aid the attribution of outbreaks caused by genetically engineered pathogens, and thus protect against the potential misuse of synthetic biology.
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Cable J, Heymann DL, Uzicanin A, Tomori O, Marinissen MJ, Katz R, Kerr L, Lurie N, Parker GW, Madad S, Maldin Morgenthau B, Osterholm MT, Borio L. Pandemic diseases preparedness and response in the age of COVID-19-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1489:17-29. [PMID: 33155324 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
For years, experts have warned that a global pandemic was only a matter of time. Indeed, over the past two decades, several outbreaks and pandemics, from SARS to Ebola, have tested our ability to respond to a disease threat and provided the opportunity to refine our preparedness systems. However, when a novel coronavirus with human-to-human transmissibility emerged in China in 2019, many of these systems were found lacking. From international disputes over data and resources to individual disagreements over the effectiveness of facemasks, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed several vulnerabilities. As of early November 2020, the WHO has confirmed over 46 million cases and 1.2 million deaths worldwide. While the world will likely be reeling from the effects of COVID-19 for months, and perhaps years, to come, one key question must be asked, How can we do better next time? This report summarizes views of experts from around the world on how lessons from past pandemics have shaped our current disease preparedness and response efforts, and how the COVID-19 pandemic may offer an opportunity to reinvent public health and healthcare systems to be more robust the next time a major challenge appears.
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Nasim A, Attal-Juncqua A, Eia C, Phelan A, Katz R. Inclusion of Veterinary Services in national emergency management plans. REV SCI TECH OIE 2020; 39:359-371. [PMID: 33046939 DOI: 10.20506/rst.39.2.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With human population growth, rapid urbanisation, increasing globalisation, and climate change, the interdependency of human health and animal health is mounting. Therefore, the importance of national emergency management plans (NEMPs) for the mitigation of, and preparedness for, all hazards, including disease epidemics, both zoonotic and zootic, is ever increasing. The authors decided to take a One Health approach by assessing the inclusion of Veterinary Services and animal health in NEMPs, based on geographical region, the date of the NEMP, national income status, and the proportion of the agricultural sector in national gross domestic product (GDP). To carry out the assessment, the authors analysed the publicly available NEMPs of 86 Members of the World Organisation for Animal Health. Of the 86 NEMPs reviewed, only a third expressly mentioned Veterinary Services, almost 60% mentioned zoonotic and/or zootic diseases, and about two-thirds mentioned animals to some extent. The highest correlating factor to the inclusion of animal health in NEMPs was the level of the agricultural sector's contributions to the national GDP. Fisheries and aquaculture were not a major consideration in any of the reviewed NEMPs, especially not in relation to diseases. Based on region, Latin America and the Caribbean exhibited the lowest inclusion rate of animal health in NEMPs. The results demonstrate that the omission of animal health is still a problem. A multi-disciplinary approach that includes veterinary medicine as well as human medicine is vital in the construction and/or revision of NEMPs. Future studies should consider whether or not there is a connection between countries' veterinary capacities and the inclusion of Veterinary Services in their NEMPs and whether or not they have the infrastructure and human resources to put into operation the roles of Veterinary Services as identified in their NEMPs.
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Lee CT, Katz R, Eaneff S, Mahar M, Ojo O. Action-Based Costing for National Action Plans for Health Security: Accelerating Progress Toward the International Health Regulations (2005). Health Secur 2020; 18:S53-S63. [PMID: 32004126 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2019.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple costing tools have been developed to understand the resources required to build and sustain implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR), including a detailed costing tool developed by WHO ("WHO Costing Tool") and 2 action-based costing tools, Georgetown University's IHR Costing Tool and CDC's Priority Actions Costing Tool (PACT). The relative performance of these tools is unknown. Nigeria costed its National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) using the WHO Costing Tool. We conducted a desktop review, using the other tools to compare the cost estimates generated using different costing approaches. Technical working groups developed activity plans and estimated component costs using the WHO Costing Tool during a weeklong workshop with approximately 60 participants from various ministries, departments, and federal agencies. We retrospectively applied the IHR Costing Tool and PACT to generate rapid cost estimates required to achieve a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) score of "demonstrated capacity" (level 4). The tools generated similar activities for implementation. Cost estimates varied based on the anticipated procurement and human resources requirements and by the level of implementation (eg, health facility-level versus local government area-level procurement). The desktop IHR Costing Tool and PACT tools required approximately 2 and 8 person-hours to complete, respectively. A strategic costing approach, wherein governments select from a menu of recommended and costed actions following the JEE to develop a NAPHS, could accelerate implementation of plans. Major cost drivers, including procurement and human resources, should be prioritized based on anticipated resource availability and countries' priorities.
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Choi A, Marques H, Kumar V, Griffin W, Lichtenberger J, Zeman R, Katz R, Earls J. Automated Artificial Intelligence Based Interpretation Of Coronary CTA: Plaque Volume, Plaque Characterization And High Risk Plaque Compared With Consensus Of Level III Expert Readers. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Choi A, Marques H, Kumar V, Griffin W, Lichtenberger J, Zeman R, Katz R, Earls J. Automated Artificial Intelligence-based Interpretation Of Coronary CTA: Determination Of Stenosis Severity Compared With Level III Expert Readers. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Boyce MR, Katz R. Rapid urban health security assessment tool: a new resource for evaluating local-level public health preparedness. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:bmjgh-2020-002606. [PMID: 32546588 PMCID: PMC7299020 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanisation will be one of the defining demographic trends of the 21st century-creating unique opportunities for sustainable capacity development, as well as substantial risks and challenges for managing public health and health emergencies. Plans and policies for responding to public health emergencies are generally framed at higher levels of governance, but developing, improving and sustaining the capacities necessary for implementing these policies is a direct function of local-level authorities. Evaluating local-level public health capacities is an important process for identifying strengths and weaknesses that can impact the preparedness for, detection of and response to health security threats. However, while various evaluations and assessments exist for evaluating capacities at other levels, currently, there are no readily available health security assessments for the local-level. In this paper, we describe a tool-the Rapid Urban Health Security Assessment (RUHSA) Tool-that is based on a variety of other relevant assessments and guidance documents. Assessing capacities allow for local-level authorities to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their local health security systems, create multiyear action plans and prioritise opportunities for improving capacities, effectively engage with development partners to target resources effectively and develop compelling narratives and a legacy of leadership. While the RUHSA Tool was not designed to be used in the midst of a public health emergency, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it may also be adapted to inform a checklist for prioritising what capacities and activities a city needs to rapidly develop or to help focus requests for assistance.
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Katz R, Efremov V, Mooney C, El-Khuffash A, Heaphy L, Cosgrave D, Loughrey J, Thornton P. Assessment of the reliability and validity of a novel point-of-care fibrinogen (F-Point) device against an industry standard at fibrinogen levels >2 g/L in non-haemorrhage scenarios. Int J Obstet Anesth 2020; 43:91-96. [PMID: 32386992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A diagnostic accuracy study assessing the reliability and validity of a novel plasma fibrinogen point-of-care (F-Point) device compared with the von Clauss method of assay. METHODS Forty-one women presenting for elective caesarean delivery and 43 non-pregnant female patients presenting for elective gynaecological surgery were recruited to assess agreement at normal fibrinogen levels (elective gynaecological cohort) and high fibrinogen levels (elective caesarean section cohort). Validity was assessed by comparing the F-Point results with the gold standard of von Clauss fibrinogen assay performed on the ACL Top 500. Reliability (test-retest) and validity were assessed using the intraclass correlation to control for operator variance (two-way random absolute agreement method), presented as intra class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% confidence interval, and Bland-Altman analysis, presented as mean bias and 95% limits of agreement and coefficient of variation (COV). RESULTS The results demonstrated a high test-retest reliability demonstrated in the paired F-Point measurements with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95, a bias of 0 (-00.69 to 0.69) and a COV of 9%. Similarly, there was acceptable agreement demonstrated between F-Point and von Clauss assay with an ICC of 0.91, a bias of -0.1 (-0.96 to 0.75) and a COV of 11%. CONCLUSIONS Our novel plasma fibrinogen point-of-care device has been shown to be reliable and valid when testing fibrinogen levels as low as 2 g/L. Future studies investigating the correlation at lower fibrinogen levels, for example during haemorrhage and in patients with coagulopathies, are required.
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Graeden E, Carlson C, Katz R. Answering the right questions for policymakers on COVID-19. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2020; 8:e768-e769. [PMID: 32325018 PMCID: PMC7172725 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Osterhaus ADME, Vanlangendonck C, Barbeschi M, Bruschke CJM, Christensen R, Daszak P, de Groot F, Doherty P, Drury P, Gmacz S, Hamilton K, Hart J, Katz R, Longuet C, McLeay J, Morelli G, Schlundt J, Smith T, Suri S, Umali K, van Aken J, Wagenaar JA. Make science evolve into a One Health approach to improve health and security: a white paper. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2020; 2:6. [PMID: 32835168 PMCID: PMC7162674 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-019-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The World One Health Congresses are biennial gatherings of approximately 1500 professionals from relevant international organisations, OIE, FAO, WHO, World Bank, leading scientific experts and researchers in the field of One Health, animal production and trade, food safety, animal health, human health and environmentology/ecology, government representatives in public health, human health, food safety, environmental health and global health security. The Congress is organized by the One Health Platform. This white paper summarizes highlights of the 5th International One Health Congress in Saskatoon, Canada, June 2018 and serves as a roadmap for the future, detailing several concrete action points to be carried out in the run-up to the 6th World One Health Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland, June 2020.
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Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO. The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China: Challenges for Global Health Governance. JAMA 2020; 323:709-710. [PMID: 31999307 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Standley CJ, MacDonald PDM, Attal-Juncqua A, Barry AM, Bile EC, Collins DL, Corvil S, Ibrahima DB, Hemingway-Foday JJ, Katz R, Middleton KJ, Reynolds EM, Sorrell EM, Lamine SM, Wone A, Martel LD. Leveraging Partnerships to Maximize Global Health Security Improvements in Guinea, 2015-2019. Health Secur 2020; 18:S34-S42. [PMID: 32004131 PMCID: PMC11323542 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2019.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, a US congressional appropriation provided funds to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to support global health security capacity building in 17 partner countries, including Guinea. The 2014 funding enabled CDC to provide more than 300 deployments of personnel to Guinea during the Ebola response, establish a country office, and fund 11 implementing partners through cooperative agreements to support global health security engagement efforts in 4 core technical areas: workforce development, surveillance systems, laboratory systems, and emergency management. This article reflects on almost 4 years of collaboration between CDC and its implementing partners in Guinea during the Ebola outbreak response and the recovery period. We highlight examples of collaborative synergies between cooperative agreement partners and local Guinean partners and discuss the impact of these collaborations in strengthening the above 4 core capacities. Finally, we identify the key elements of the successful collaborations, including communication and information sharing as a core cooperative agreement activity, a flexible funding mechanism, and willingness to adapt to local needs. We hope these observations can serve as guidance for future endeavors seeking to establish strong and effective partnerships between government and nongovernment organizations providing technical and operational assistance.
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Keita S, Morel Vulliez A, Traore A, Standley CJ, Soumah ML, Lamah A, Wone A, Asima M, Barry AM, Berete M, Attal Juncqua A, Katz R, Robert A, Sompare I, Sorrell EM, Toure Y, Martel LD, Phipps M. Public health emergency management capacity building in Guinea: 2014-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1504/ijem.2020.10034626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chadefaux D, Goggins K, Cazzaniga C, Marzaroli P, Marelli S, Katz R, Eger T, Tarabini M. Development of a two-dimensional dynamic model of the foot-ankle system exposed to vibration. J Biomech 2020; 99:109547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Eccleston-Turner M, Phelan A, Katz R. Preparing for the Next Pandemic - The WHO's Global Influenza Strategy. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:2192-2194. [PMID: 31800983 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp1905224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Katz R, Vaught A, Formentos A, Capizola J. Raising the Yellow Flag: State Variation in Quarantine Laws. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:380-384. [PMID: 28991054 PMCID: PMC5886825 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quarantine is an important but often misused tool of public health. An effective quarantine requires a process that inspires trust in government, only punishes noncompliance, and promotes a culture of social responsibility. Accomplishing successful quarantine requires incentives and enabling factors, payments, job security, and a tiered enforcement plan. In this article, we examine the variation in state-level quarantine laws and assess the effectiveness of these laws and regulations. We find that most states allow for an individual to have a hearing (63%) and to have a voice in burial and cremation procedures (71%), yet are weak on all other individual rights measures. Only 20% of states have provisions to protect employment when an individual is under quarantine, and less than half have plans for safe and humane quarantines. Decision makers at the state and local levels must make a concerted effort to revise and update quarantine laws and regulations. Ideally, these laws and regulations should be harmonized so as to avoid confusion and disruption between states, and public health officials should work with populations to identify and address the factors that will support successful quarantines if they are ever required.
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Attal-Juncqua A, Standley CJ, Tordjmann A, Burci GL, Katz R. Legislative assessments as a tool for strengthening health security capacity: the example of Guinea post-2014 Ebola outbreak. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.29392/joghr.3.e2019060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Boyce MR, Katz R, Standley CJ. Risk Factors for Infectious Diseases in Urban Environments of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Evidence. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:E123. [PMID: 31569517 PMCID: PMC6958454 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our world is rapidly urbanizing. According to the United Nations, between 1990 and 2015, the percent of the world's population living in urban areas grew from 43% to 54%. Estimates suggest that this trend will continue and that over 68% of the world's population will call cities home by 2050, with the majority of urbanization occurring in African countries. This urbanization is already having a profound effect on global health and could significantly impact the epidemiology of infectious diseases. A better understanding of infectious disease risk factors specific to urban settings is needed to plan for and mitigate against future urban outbreaks. We conducted a systematic literature review of the Web of Science and PubMed databases to assess the risk factors for infectious diseases in the urban environments of sub-Saharan Africa. A search combining keywords associated with cities, migration, African countries, infectious disease, and risk were used to identify relevant studies. Original research and meta-analyses published between 2004 and 2019 investigating geographical and behavioral risk factors, changing disease distributions, or control programs were included in the study. The search yielded 3610 papers, and 106 met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Papers were categorized according to risk factors, geographic area, and study type. The papers covered 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with East Africa being the most represented sub-region. Malaria and HIV were the most frequent disease focuses of the studies. The results of this work can inform public health policy as it relates to capacity building and health systems strengthening in rapidly urbanizing areas, as well as highlight knowledge gaps that warrant additional research.
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Phelan AL, Katz R. Legal Epidemiology for Global Health Security and Universal Health Coverage. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2019; 47:427-429. [PMID: 31560636 DOI: 10.1177/1073110519876175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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