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Seenan C, Shanmugam S, Stewart J. Group peer teaching: a strategy for building confidence in communication and team working skills in physiotherapy students. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhao PY, Li TS, Shanmugam S, Kathannan S, Lan RX, Kim IH. 0954 Effect of dietary flaxseed oil on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and meat quality in pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nguyen DH, Kim HS, Kathannan S, Shanmugam S, Kim IH. 0922 Effect of a multi-enzyme component on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass quality, and gas emission in broilers. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Shanmugam S. SU-F-E-13: Design and Fabrication of Gynacological Brachytherapy Shielding & Non Shielding Applicators Using Indigenously Developed 3D Printing Machine. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Nguyen DH, Kim JK, Shanmugam S, Kim IH. 277 Effect of protease and anti-inflammatory supplementation with low nutrient diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and fecal noxious gas in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Shanmugam S, Goulding G, Gibbs NM, Taraporewalla K, Culwick M. Chewing Gum in the Preoperative Fasting Period: An Analysis of De-Identified Incidents Reported to Webairs. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 44:281-4. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1604400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of preoperative fasting is well established in current anaesthetic practice with different guidelines for clear fluids and food. However, chewing gum may not be categorised as either food or drink by some patients, and may not always be specified in instructions given to patients about preoperative fasting. The aim of this paper was to review anaesthesia incidents involving gum chewing reported to webAIRS to obtain information on the risks, if any, of gum chewing during the preoperative fasting period. There were nine incidents involving chewing gum reported between late 2009 and early 2015. There were no adverse outcomes from the nine incidents other than postponement of surgery in three cases and cancellation in one. In particular, there were no reports of aspiration or airway obstruction. Nevertheless, there were five cases in which the gum was not detected preoperatively and was found in the patient's mouth either intraoperatively or postoperatively. These cases of undetected gum occurred despite patient and staff compliance with their current preoperative checklists. While the risk of increased gastric secretions related to chewing gum preoperatively are not known, the potential for airway obstruction if the gum is not detected and removed preoperatively is very real. We recommend that patients should be specifically advised to avoid gum chewing once fasting from clear fluids is commenced, and that a specific question regarding the presence of chewing gum should be added to all preoperative checklists.
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Shanmugam S, Ravichandran K, Sankara Narayanan TSN, Lee MH. A facile electrochemical approach for the deposition of iron–manganese phosphate composite coatings on aluminium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathodic electrochemical treatment is a facile approach for the deposition of iron–manganese phosphate composite coatings on Al.
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Vellingiri B, Kathanan S, Subramaniam M, Shanmugam S, Meyyazhagan A, Balasubramanian B, Shanawaz D, Priyadarshini S, Keshavarao S. P206: A case control study of cytogenetic and genotypic alterations in Rett syndrome (RTT) male patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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van de Wiel HJ, Galagan Y, van Lammeren TJ, de Riet JFJ, Gilot J, Nagelkerke MGM, Lelieveld RHCAT, Shanmugam S, Pagudala A, Hui D, Groen WA. Roll-to-roll embedded conductive structures integrated into organic photovoltaic devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:484014. [PMID: 24196842 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/48/484014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive screen printed metallic (silver) structures (current collecting grids) combined with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are a viable replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO) and inkjet printed silver as transparent electrode materials. To provide successful integration into organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, screen printed silver current collecting grids should be embedded into a substrate to avoid topology issues. In this study micron-thick conductive structures are embedded and integrated into OPV devices. The embedded structures are produced roll-to-roll with optimized process settings and materials. Topology measurements show that the embedded grids are well suited for integration into OPV devices since the surface is almost without spikes and has low surface roughness. JV measurements of OPV devices with embedded structures on a polyethylene terephthalate/silicon nitride (PET/SiN) substrate show an efficiency of 2.15%, which is significantly higher than identical flexible devices with ITO (1.02%) and inkjet printed silver (1.48%). The use of embedded screen printed silver instead of ITO and inkjet printed silver in OPV devices will allow for higher efficiency devices which can be produced with larger design and process freedom.
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Gouse Peera S, Tintula K, Sahu A, Shanmugam S, Sridhar P, Pitchumani S. Catalytic activity of Pt anchored onto graphite nanofiber-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composite toward oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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El Farran CA, Sekar A, Balakrishnan A, Shanmugam S, Arumugam P, Gopalswamy J. Prevalence of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis in the healthy skin of individuals in Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013; 31:19-23. [PMID: 23508424 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major commensal bacteria. Various strains of S. epidermidis are capable of forming biofilms by attaching to several surfaces. Biofilm-forming ability of this organism is found to be associated with many hospital-acquired infections and can even impair wound healing. S. epidermidis strains producing polysaccharide-biofilms possess the intercellular adhesion (ica) operon while strains forming the protein adhesion-mediated biofilms possess the accumulation associated protein (aap) gene. We screened for biofilm-forming S. epidermidis in the skin of healthy individuals in Tamil Nadu in order to determine the risk of acquiring S. epidermidis infections in hospital settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin swabs were taken from seventy two subjects residing in Chennai with healthy skin who showed no visible signs of skin lesions or allergies. S. epidermidis was isolated from 58 samples out of the 72 collected. The presence of ica operon in S. epidermidis isolates was determined by PCR and biofilm production was examined using quantitative tissue culture plate assay. RESULTS Majority of the samples (47/72; 65.3%) showed pure S. epidermidis growth, (14/72; 19.4%) showed pure Staphylococcus aureus growth and the remainder (11/72; 15.3%) showed mixed growth. Biofilm-forming S. epidermidis were found in the majority of samples (53/58; 91.4%) and ica operon was detected in 19 samples out of 58 (32.8%) which is a significantly higher percentage when compared to other studies conducted at different parts of the globe ( P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION We inferred that ica operon and biofilm-forming S. epidermidis are common in the healthy skin of individuals in Tamil Nadu. Measures have to be taken to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired S. epidermidis infections.
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Eswaramoorthy M, Shanmugam S, Veerappan AR. Experimental Study on Solar Parabolic Dish Thermoelectric Generator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5963/ijee0303001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Shanmugam S, Merchant W, Clark S. Solitary progressive congenital nodule. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:441-2. [PMID: 23495676 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shanmugam S, Gahlaut R, Edwards S, Hussain W. Periocular keratotic nodule. Dermatol Online J 2013; 19:11. [PMID: 23552008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
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Shanmugam S, Gahlaut R, Edwards S, Hussain W. Periocular keratotic nodule. Dermatol Online J 2013. [DOI: 10.5070/d334m1r1pj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Manoj Kumar S, Shanmugam S, Ramalakshmi M, Jaishankar S. Various Treatment Modalities and Visceral Organ Involvement (Cardiac) in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical Study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Manoj Kumar S, Elangovan S, Shanmugam S, Srividhya S. Juvenile Aggressive Ossifying Fibroma: A Rare Case Report. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dany A, Kurian K, Shanmugam S. Association of Candida in Different Stages of Oral Leukoplakia. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Shanmugam S. Save antibiotics for future of mankind. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2011; 59:64-65. [PMID: 21751673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Sunitha M, Shanmugam S. Evaluation of salivary nitric oxide levels in oral mucosal diseases: A controlled clinical trial. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 17:117-20. [PMID: 17176827 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.29878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus is a common dermatologic disease to manifest in the oral cavity. Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common ulcers of the oral cavity causing discomfort to the patients. These two diseases have different clinical manifestations which require appropriate treatment after correct diagnosis. Though numerous etiological factors have been proposed for these diseases, their true etio-pathogenesis is not yet established and therefore all therapies are palliative and none is effective universally. In light of this, the role of nitric oxide as a mediator in the etio-pathogenesis of these diseases was considered. The present study was undertaken to note the salivary nitric oxide levels as measured through its product nitrite in oral mucosal diseases like lichen planus and recurrent aphthous ulcers and also to ascertain whether salivary nitric oxide level has a role to play as a pathophysiological mediator in these diseases
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Shanmugam S, Kurian K, Vishwanath R, Mani MS. Paget′s Disease - Report of two cases with Review of literature. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.168442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Kurian K, Shanmugam S, Harsh Vardah T, Gupta S. Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis van Creveld syndrome): A report of three cases with review of literature. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 18:31-4. [PMID: 17347543 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.30920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroectodermal dysplasia is a rare mesenchymal - ectodermal dysplasia first described in 1940 by Richard W.B. Ellis and Simon van Creveld now known as Ellis van Creveld syndrome. It is also known as Mesvectodermal dysplasia. Majority of cases were characteristically seen in one particular inbred population from the Amish community of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The syndrome manifests with several skeletal anomalies, oral mucosal and dental anomalies, congenital cardiac defects and nail dysplasia. Ellis van Creveld syndrome may be differentiated from other chondrodystrophies like achondroplasia, chondroplasia punctata, asphyxiating thorasic dystrophy and Morquio's syndrome. The presence of oral mucosal and dental alterations like notching of the lower alveolar process, fusion of the upper lip with gingival mucosal margin, occasional presence of neonatal teeth, oligodontia and conical shape of anterior teeth will confirm the diagnosis of Ellis van Creveld syndrome and hence its importance to dentists.
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Shanmugam S, Vijayasekaran D, Marimuthu MG. Gastro intestinal stromal tumor: A case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.29022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pachamuthu B, Shanmugam S, Nagalingeswaran K, Solomon SS, Solomon S, Solomon S. HIV-1 drug resistance among untreated patients in India: Current status. J Postgrad Med 2006; 52:183-6. [PMID: 16855318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HAART has dramatically improved survival and quality of life among people living with HIV and AIDS globally. However, drug resistant mutations of HIV are a great challenge to the benefits of HAART. Antiviral resistance can be mediated either by changes in the molecular target of therapy (the primary mechanism observed in HIV-1) or in other viral proteins that indirectly interfere with a drug's activity. Drug resistant mutations easily evolve in the presence of sub-optimal adherence. With the introduction of generic HAART, there has been a steep increase in the number of patients put on HAART in India. It should also be noted that since most patients pay for medications out of their own pockets, interruptions in therapy due to monetary constraints are not uncommon. There is little information on HIV drug resistance in resource constrained settings like India where the predominant circulating HIV-1 sub-type is C. The transmissibility of drug-resistant forms of the virus is also a major concern especially when formulating treatment guidelines. This article reviews published data available on the patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance among treatment naïve in India.
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