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Agarwal SP, Khanna ND, Agarwal VK, Dwaraknath PK. Circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones in pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius ). Theriogenology 2012; 31:1239-47. [PMID: 16726643 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(89)90094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/1988] [Accepted: 04/04/1989] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples from 16 female camels were collected at monthly intervals commencing from 60 d post. breeding until the last month of gestation. Two camels failed to conceive and two had unnoticed abortions. The average gestation period was 398+/-13 and 372+/-11 in camels bearing male and female fetus, respectively, with an overall mean of 383+/-9 d. Sera were analyzed for thyroxine (T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3)) by radioimmunoassay. Mean T(4) and T(3) concentrations varied from 76 to 116 ng/ml and 0.73 to 1.32 ng/ml, respectively, during various stages of gestation. In general, the T(4) and T(3) levels were higher during early pregnancy, with lowest values in the tenth month. T(4):T(3) ratio showed minor, nonsignificant fluctuations. Age of dam of sex of fetus had no effect on hormone levels. Similarly, hormone levels were not affected by failure of conception or by abortion.
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Malhotra S, Pandey RK, Nagar A, Agarwal SP, Gupta VK. The effect of mouth breathing on dentofacial morphology of growing child. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2012; 30:27-31. [PMID: 22565514 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.95572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral mode of respiration cause postural adaptations of structures in the head and neck region producing the effect on the positional relationship of the jaws. AIM The aim of this study is to verify the skeletal relationship of mouth and nose breathing child. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study was performed to assess the association of changed mode of respiration with dentofacial growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred children among which 54 were mouth breathers and 46 were nasal breathers of 6-12 years of age were submitted to clinical examination and cephalometric radiographical analysis. Statistical analysis : Chi-square test for proportions and independent sample's "t" test for parametric data is used. RESULT The mean values of N-Me (P<0.001) ANS-Me (P<0.001) and SN-GoGn (P<0.001) for mouth breathers is significantly higher. ArGo-GoMe (P=0.003) and (P<0.011) for 6-9 and 9-12 years age group, respectively, were significantly low in nasal breathers group. CONCLUSIONS Changed mode of respiration was associated with increased facial height, mandibular plane angle and gonial angle.
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Kumar A, Agarwal SP, Ahuja A, Ali J, Choudhry R, Baboota S. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial assessment of nanocarrier based formulation of nadifloxacin for acne treatment. DIE PHARMAZIE 2011; 66:111-114. [PMID: 21434572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a nanocarrier based formulation of nadifloxacin and to investigate its in vitro antimicrobial effect against Propionibacterium acnes. Nanocarrier based microemulsion formulations were prepared by aqueous titration method, using oleic acid as oil phase, Tween-80 as surfactant and ethanol as co-surfactant in different ratios. This procedure yielded monodisperse microemulsions exhibiting a mean droplet size in the range of 95-560 nm. This range of particle size is good to treat follicle related disorders like acne vulgaris because the size of follicles is in the range of 50-100 microm. Furthermore the optimized formulations were characterized for surface morphology by transmission electron microscopy and refractive index. The permeation studies were carried out using rat skin mounted in Franz diffusion cells. Flux of the optimised formulation was 2.24 times that of control. The diameter of inhibition zone of the microemulsion was found good but smaller than that of a clindamycin disc because of the higher therapeutic efficacy of clindamycin against P. acnes. The results indicated that the developed microemulsion shows promising results against P. acnes bacteria and may be a good approach for acne treatment.
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Agarwal SP, Ali A, Dua Y, Ahuja S. Determination of Artemisinin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms using HPTLC. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 71:98-100. [PMID: 20177472 PMCID: PMC2810065 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.51948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, simple, rapid, accurate and precise HPTLC method was developed. The detector response was linear for concentrations between 100-600 ng/spot (r =0.9931). The limits of detection and quantitation were 25 ng/spot and 75 ng/spot, respectively. The recovery study was carried out by standard addition method and was found to be 99.60+/-0.27. Statistical analysis proved that the method was precise, accurate and reproducible, and hence was suitable for the routine analysis of artemisinin.
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Sahani G, Kumar M, Sharma PD, Sharma DN, Chhokra K, Mishra B, Agarwal SP, Kher RK. Compliance of Bhabhatron-II telecobalt unit with IEC standard - Radiation safety. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2009; 10:120-130. [PMID: 19458599 PMCID: PMC5720461 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v10i2.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India designed and developed a telecobalt unit, which was named as Bhabhatron-II. In this paper, the results pertaining to radiation safety of indigenously developed Bhabhatron-II telecobalt unit are reported. The various tests were carried out as per requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission standard and acceptance criteria developed nationally. Various devices such as CaSO4:Dy based thermoluminescent dosimeters, farmer type ionization chamber, water phantom and radiographic films were used. All the parameters pertaining to radiation leakage/transmission were within the tolerance limits as per IEC-60601-2-11 standard except the collimator transmission through X collimators (upper jaw), which marginally exceeds the tolerance limit.
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Agarwal SP, Ali A, Ahuja S. HPTLC determination of artesunate as bulk drug and in pharmaceutical formulations. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.39450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mittal V, Bhattacharya D, Rana UVS, Rai A, Pasha ST, Kumar A, Harit AK, Ichhpujani RL, Baveja UK, Lal S, Agarwal SP. Prompt laboratory diagnosis in timely containment of a plague outbreak in India. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2006; 38:317-24. [PMID: 17913207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A focal outbreak of pneumonic plague occurred in a hamlet of village Hatkoti, district Shimla, Himachal Pradesh in the first fortnight of February, 2002. A total of 16 cases with 4 deaths were reported. Diagnosis of plague was confirmed by the laboratory in 10 (63%) cases. Y. pestis was isolated from clinical samples of 3 cases and confirmed by bacteriophage lysis. Molecular tests confirmed the presence of Y. pestis specific pla and F1 genes in 4 cases; DNA fingerprinting had identity with the known sequence of plague bacilli. Paired samples from 5 cases showed more than 4 fold rise and 1 case showed more than 4 fold fall in antibodies against F1 antigen of Y. pestis. The present communication emphasises that timely and systematic laboratory investigations give confirmatory diagnosis in shortest possible time which forms the backbone of the outbreak control in a timely fashion and prevents confusion and controversy.
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Agarwal SP, Ishhpujani RL, Khare S, Harip AK. Avian influenza (bird flu). JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2006; 104:298, 300, 302-9. [PMID: 17058546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Kandpal N, Shukla GK, Bhatia N, Agarwal SP, Saha S, Puri VN. Oxidant, vitamin A and angiogenic markers in laryngeal cancer patients. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2006; 117:871-4. [PMID: 14670147 DOI: 10.1258/002221503322542872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study the status of oxidant stress, vitamin A and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels were evaluated in cases of laryngeal carcinoma patients from Northern India. In control subjects the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and ACE were 0.23 ± 0.07 nmole/ml, 2515 ± 84 IU, and 1.4 ± 0.8 U/ml respectively. Thirty laryngeal cancer patients were divided into three groups according to the TNM classification (American Joint Committee on Cancers). In laryngeal cancer patients according to tumour size, MDA and ACE levels increased to 0.32 ± 0.04 nmole/ml and 4.7 ± 0.5 U/ml respectively and the effect was statistically significant (p<0.01). The correlation coefficient between different subgroups was also highly significant (r =0.96, p<0.01). However, serum vitamin A levels decreased to 621 ± 20 IU and the effect was statistically significant (p<0.01). In another two groups of laryngeal cancer patients, a similar pattern of various markers was obtained. Thirty patients with laryngeal carcinoma were divided into four different groups according to nodal involvement and it was observed that in laryngeal cancer patients with no nodal involvement, ACE levels were low 3.6 ± 1.4 U/ml while patients with maximum nodal involvement had the highest levels of ACE 7.1 ± 0.18 U/ml. The correlation coefficient between different groups is highly statistically significant (r = 0.95, p<0.01). In patients with laryngeal cancer the serum MDA and vitamin A levels correlation coefficient between different groups was not significant. It is thus concluded that serum ACE might be a specific test marker for laryngeal cancer disease burden. The use of this marker enzyme for therapeutics is being planned.
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Harit AK, Ichhpujani RL, Gupta S, Gill KS, Lal S, Ganguly NK, Agarwal SP. Nipah/Hendra virus outbreak in Siliguri, West Bengal, India in 2001. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123:553-60. [PMID: 16783047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The viral encephalitides caused by animal or human viruses are characterized by sudden outbreaks of neurological disease in both tropical and temperate regions. An outbreak of acute encephalitis occurred in Siliguri (West Bengal) town of India between January 31 and February 23, 2001. This outbreak was investigated by a team of scientists from four major institutions, and the findings are presented here. METHODS Detailed information about the outbreak was collected with the help of local health authorities. Limited entomological investigations were also done. Samples collected from cases and contacts were sent for analysis. RESULTS A total of 66 probable cases and 45 deaths were reported. Epidemiological linkages between cases point towards person-to-person transmission and incubation period of around 10 days. There was neither any concurrent illness in animals nor was there any exposure of cases to animals. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA concluded on the basis of tests carried out on serum specimen from four cases and two contacts that the causative pathogen appears to be Nipah/ Hendra or closely related virus. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION This outbreak highlights the importance and urgency of establishing a strong surveillance system supported by a network of state-of-the-art laboratories equipped to handle and diagnose new pathogens and including patient isolation techniques, use of personal protective equipment, barrier nursing and safe disposal of potentially infected material in the prevention and control measures for Nipah/Hendra virus infection.
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Agarwal SP. Health sector in India--progress, challenges and the way forward. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2005; 103:692, 694, 696-8 passim. [PMID: 16821669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Health is a priority goal in its own right and a central input into economic development and poverty reduction. Significant achievements have been made in a number of areas which include health parameters, legislation, research and technology and disease control. The life expectancy has gone up by 17% since 1981. In disease control significant achievements are in sight. Some new programmes have been introduced with the changes in disease profile. Significant progress can be seen in leprosy control, blindness control, TB control and iodine deficiency disorder control. Some legislations were also enacted to protect life and personal liberty as the constitution holds the right to healthcare as a fundamental one. Immediate medical relief and preventing major outbreak following disasters is another area to fight with. There are some challenges to face with like propulation stabilisation, to reduce infant and maternal matality, mobilisationof funds on health, to increase manpower, to increase female literacy and so on. Control of some diseases like HIV/AIDS, vector borne ones, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, trauma related injuries, mental disorders is another point to improve healthcare delivery. To meet challenges to the health system the way forward has to be multipronged, focusing on finance, manpower, research and social factors like sanitation, drainking water availability, female literacy, etc.
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Agarwal SP. The revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme: the gains and the future road map. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2005; 18:225-9. [PMID: 16433133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Agarwal SP. Final push for elimination of leprosy in India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEPROSY 2005; 77:213-5. [PMID: 16353519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Chadha VK, Agarwal SP, Kumar P, Chauhan LS, Kollapan C, Jaganath PS, Vaidyanathan PS, Gopi PG, Unnikrishnan KP, Savanur SJ. Annual risk of tuberculous infection in four defined zones of India: a comparative picture. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9:569-75. [PMID: 15875931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Twenty-six selected districts in India. OBJECTIVES To estimate the average annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI) in four defined zones in the country. STUDY DESIGN A tuberculin survey was conducted in selected clusters of 26 districts in four defined zones of India. Children 1-9 years of age were subjected to tuberculin testing with ITU PPD RT23 with Tween 80, and the maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured 72 h later. Prevalence of infection was estimated using the cut-off point method (Method I) and the mirror-image technique (Method II) among children without bacille Calmette-Guérin scar. Results from individual zones have been reported earlier, and the results from all four zones are presented here as a consolidated summary. RESULTS The ARTI computed from estimated prevalence was found to be lowest in the southern zone (Method I: 1.1%, Method II: 1.0%). It was higher in the eastern zone (1.3% by both methods) and highest in the western (Method I: 1.8%, Method II: 1.6%) and northern zones (1.9% by both methods). The proportion of infected children was found to be significantly higher in urban than in rural areas in all zones. CONCLUSION The intensified tuberculosis control efforts need to be sustained for many years.
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Agarwal SP. Progress in the elimination of leprosy in India. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2005; 18:1-3. [PMID: 15835481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Mittal V, Rana UVS, Jain SK, Kumar K, Pal IS, Arya RC, Ichhpujani RL, Lal S, Agarwal SP. Quick control of bubonic plague outbreak in Uttar Kashi, India. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2004; 36:233-9. [PMID: 16506545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A localized outbreak of bubonic plague occurred in village Dangud (population 332), district Uttar Kashi, Uttaranchal, India in the second week of October 2004. 8 cases were considered outbreak associated based on their clinical and epidemiological characteristics; 3 (27.3%) of them died within 48 hours of developing illness. All the 3 fatal cases and five surviving cases had enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes. None of them had pneumonia. The age of the cases ranged from 23-70 years and both sexes were affected. No such illness was reported from adjoining villages. The outbreak was fully contained within two weeks of its onset by supervised comprehensive chemoprophylaxis using tetracycline. A total of approximately 1250 persons were given chemoprophylaxis in three villages. There was no clear history of rat fall in the village. No flea was found on rodents or animals. 16 animal serum samples were found to be negative for antibodies against F-1 antigen of Y. pestis. However, Y. pestis was isolated from two rodents (Rattus rattus and Mus musculus) trapped in the village. One case and three animal sera showed borderline sero-positivity against rickettsial infection. The diagnosis of plague was confirmed by detection of four fold rise of antibody titre against F-1 antigen of Yersinia pestis in paired sera of three cases (one of the WHO approved criteria of diagnosis of confirmed plague). This outbreak and the occurrence of earlier outbreaks of plague in Surat (Gujarat) and Beed (Maharashtra) in 1994 and in district Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) in 2002 confirm that plague infection continue to exist in sylvatic foci in many parts of India which is transmitted to humans occasionally. Thus, there is a strong need for the States to monitor the plague activity in known sylvatic foci regularly and have a system of surveillance to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment of cases to control the disease. This investigation highlights that with high index of suspicion the disease can be diagnosed early and mounting of supervised comprehensive response can prevent the disease to proceed to pneumonic stage where man to man transmission gets established and outbreak assumes larger dimensions.
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Kumar A, Agarwal SP, Khanna R. Modified release bi-layered tablet of melatonin using beta-cyclodextrin. DIE PHARMAZIE 2003; 58:642-4. [PMID: 14531461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
A modified release bi-layered tablet of melatonin incorporating a fast release fraction consisting of melatonin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and a slow release fraction containing melatonin in HPMC K15M and Carbopol 971 P matrices was prepared. The formulation developed showed an initial burst followed by a near zero order release pattern for a period of 8 h. The drug content, physical characteristics and the release profile were unaffected after 3 months of an accelerated stability study at 40 degrees C and 75% relative humidity.
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Agarwal SP. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): an opportunity to improve public health systems. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2003; 16:183-5. [PMID: 14606763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Nijhawan R, Agarwal SP. Development of an ophthalmic formulation containing ciprofloxacin-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin complex. BOLLETTINO CHIMICO FARMACEUTICO 2003; 142:214-9. [PMID: 14526654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Ophthalmic formulations of ciprofloxacin were formulated using inclusion complexes of ciprofloxacin HCl (CFLX HCl) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD). The complexes were prepared by the method of freeze drying and evaluated by phase solubility studies, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractiometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ophthalmic solutions formulated using the complexed drug exhibited better stability, biological activity and ocular tolerance in comparison to another ophthalmic solution formulated using uncomplexed drug and also in comparison to a marketed preparation.
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Baboota S, Agarwal SP. Meloxicam complexation with beta-cyclodextrin: influence on the anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity. DIE PHARMAZIE 2003; 58:73-4. [PMID: 12622261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Singh M, Agarwal SP. Preparation and characterization of sparfloxacin-beta-cyclodextrin complexes. DIE PHARMAZIE 2002; 57:505-6. [PMID: 12168542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Agarwal SP. National Health Policy 2002: new perspectives. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2002; 15:213-4. [PMID: 12296477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Agarwal SP. TB across the globe (2). Tuberculosis in India--the past and prospects for the future. Scott Med J 2000; 45:11-3. [PMID: 11130304 DOI: 10.1177/00369330000450s105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Khullar P, Khar RK, Agarwal SP. Evaluation of guar gum in the preparation of sustained-release matrix tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1998; 24:1095-9. [PMID: 9876566 DOI: 10.3109/03639049809089955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrophilic matrices are widely used for controlled-release preparations. The process of drug release is controlled by matrix swelling or polymer dissolution. It has been shown that the swelling of guar gum is affected by concentration of drug and viscosity grade of the polymer. This study examines the mechanism of behavior of guar gum in a polymer-drug matrix. The swelling action of guar gum, in turn, is controlled by the rate of water uptake into the matrices. An inverse relationship exists between the drug concentration in the gel and matrix swelling. This implies that guar gum swelling is one of the factors affecting drug release. The swelling behavior of guar gum is therefore useful in predicting drug release.
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