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Chang J, Jung JH, Yoon J, Choi MC, Park JH, Seo KM, Jeong SM. Segmental aplasia of the uterine horn with ipsilateral renal agenesis in a cat. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:641-3. [PMID: 18628611 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A nine-month-old domestic short haired cat was admitted with the history of acute vomiting, depression and shivering. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed minimum enlargement of the right uterine horn filled with anechoic fluid. On excretory urography, functionally and anatomically normal, enlarged left kidney was found, but right kidney was absent. It was preliminary diagnosed as hydrometra with right renal agenesis. Aiming at the correction of hydrometra, we performed ovariohysterectomy. During spaying, we found a missing segment of distal part of the right uterine horn and absence of ipsilateral kidney and ureter. Compressed uterine structure and segmental aplasia of right uterine horn were found in histopathological investigation. Taken together, it was diagnosed as a segmental aplasia of uterine horn with ipsilateral renal agenesis.
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Kim MS, Yoo JH, Seo KM, Jeong SM. Effects of electroacupuncture on intraocular pressure and hemodynamic parameters in isoflurane anesthetized dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:1163-5. [PMID: 18057831 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated in isoflurane anesthetized 10 (5 males, 5 females) normal mongrel dogs (8.1-9.8 kg, 6-8 years old). After determination of baseline IOP and hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate and systemic vascular resistance index), EA was applied at 3 acupoints (LI-4, LIV-3 and GB-37) for 20 min. After the EA treatment, IOP was significantly decreased in the both eyes (p<0.05). However, there were not significant differences in hemodynamic parameters between those of before and after EA treatment. From these results, the EA treatment at LI-4, LIV-3 and GB-37 would be considered one of the valuable methods for the IOP treatment in dogs.
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Kwon OJ, Park SY, Oh JW, Nah SY, Jeong SM. Characterization of a new HLA-DRB1*1405 variant, HLA-DRB1*140503, identified by sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:75-6. [PMID: 17559589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*140503 differs from DRB1*140501 with T to C transition at codon 78 (TAT-->TAC) of exon 2 without coding change.
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Kwon OJ, Hong SA, Oh JW, Nah SY, Jeong SM. HLA-A*2634, a new allele identified by sequence-based typing in the Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:613-5. [PMID: 17498275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new HLA-A*2634 allele differs from A*260101 by a change from C to T at the nucleotide 559 of exon 3, with a coding change R163W.
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Kwon OJ, Lee JS, Oh JW, Nah SY, Jeong SM. Identification of a novel HLA-A*26 allele, HLA-A*2632, by sequence-based typing in the Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:612-3. [PMID: 17498274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HLA-A*2632 shows three nucleotides difference with HLA-A*260101 and HLA-A*2624 in exon 3 at codon 95 (ATC--> ATG) and codon 97 (AGG --> GTG), resulting in two amino acids change from Ile to Met (I95M) and Arg to Val (R97V).
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Kim LH, Jeong SM, Ko SO. Determination of first flush criteria using dynamic EMCs (event mean concentrations) on highway stormwater runoff. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2007; 55:71-7. [PMID: 17410842 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently the Ministry of Environment in Korea has developed the total maximum daily load program in accordance with the target pollutant and its concentration goal on four major large rivers. Since the program is largely related to regional development, nonpoint source control is both important and topical. Of the various nonpoint sources, highways are stormwater intensive land uses since they are impervious and have high pollutant mass emissions from vehicular activity. The event mean concentration (EMC) is useful in estimating the loadings to receiving water bodies. However, the EMC does not provide information on the time varying changes in pollutant concentration or mass emissions, which are often important for best management practice development, or understanding shock loads. Therefore, in this study a new concept, the dynamic EMC determination method, will be introduced to clearly verify the relationship between EMC and the first flush effect. Three monitoring sites in Daejeon metropolitan city areas were equipped with an automatic rainfall gauge and a flow meter for accumulating the data such as rainfall and runoff flow. The dynamic EMC method was applied to more than 17 events, and the improved first flush criteria were determined on the ranges of storm duration and accumulated rainfall.
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Jeong YB, Kim JS, Jeong SM, Park JW, Choi IC. Comparison of the effects of sevoflurane and propofol anaesthesia on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in humans using positron emission tomography. J Int Med Res 2006; 34:374-84. [PMID: 16989493 DOI: 10.1177/147323000603400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared brain glucose metabolism during sevoflurane anaesthesia and propofol anaesthesia using positron emission tomography (PET) in the same eight human volunteers. All the volunteers were anaesthetized twice, with a 1-week interval. Half of the volunteers received sevoflurane on the first occasion and propofol on the second; the other half received the two anaesthetics in the reverse order. PET scans using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose were performed after sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia. The relative glucose metabolic rate (rGMR) in the brain was assessed with statistical parametric mapping. Propofol suppressed the rGMR of the neocortex area more than sevoflurane, and sevoflurane suppressed the rGMR of the paleocortex and telencephalon more than propofol. These findings suggest that these two anaesthetics act via different mechanisms and may provide an important clue to the relationship between anaesthesia and the brain.
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Jeong SM, Park SY, Kim JH, Kwon OJ, Nah SY. Identification of a novel HLA-A*03 allele, HLA-A*0319, by sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:87-8. [PMID: 16774546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jeong SM, Lee MN, Kim JH, Kwon OJ, Nah SY. A novel HLA-DRB1*12 allele, HLA-DRB1*1213, identified by sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:95-7. [PMID: 16774551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yoo JH, Yang EM, Cho JH, Lee JH, Jeong SM, Nah SY, Kim HC, Kim KW, Kim SH, Lee SY, Jang CG. Inhibitory effects of berberine against morphine-induced locomotor sensitization and analgesic tolerance in mice. Neuroscience 2006; 142:953-61. [PMID: 16934942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2005] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a methanolic extract of Coptis japonica, which is a well-known traditional oriental medicine, inhibits morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. Berberine is a major component of Coptis japonica extract, and it has been established that the adverse effects of morphine on the brain involve dopamine (DA) receptors. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the inhibitory effects of berberine on morphine-induced locomotor sensitization and analgesic tolerance in mice. Here, we investigated the effects of berberine on morphine-induced locomotor sensitization and on the development of analgesic tolerance. Furthermore, we examined the effects of berberine treatment on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel activity expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Berberine was found to completely block both morphine-induced locomotor sensitization and analgesic tolerance, and reduce D(1) and NMDA receptor bindings in the cortex. Moreover, berberine markedly inhibited NMDA current in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing NMDA receptor subunits. Our results suggest that the inhibitory effects of berberine on morphine-induced locomotor sensitization and analgesic tolerance are closely related to the modulation of D1 and NMDA receptors, and that berberine should be viewed as a potential novel means of attenuating morphine-induced sensitization and analgesic tolerance.
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Jeong SM, Lee MN, Park SY, Kwon OJ, Nah SY. Identification of a new HLA-B*55 allele, HLA-B*5519, in the Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:183-5. [PMID: 16866897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jeong SM, Park SY, Lee MN, Kwon OJ, Nah SY. A new HLA-A*24 variant, A*240211, identified by sequence-based typing in the Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:174-5. [PMID: 16866889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jeong SM, Hur SS, Park SY, Kwon OJ, Nah SY. Characterization of a new HLA-A*02 allele, HLA-A*0291, in the Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:178-80. [PMID: 16866893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jeong SM, Hur SS, Kwon OJ, Nah SY. A new HLA-B*27 allele, HLA-B*270402, identified by sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 67:340-1. [PMID: 16634874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jeong SM, Hahm KD, Shin JW, Leem JG, Lee C, Han SM. Changes in magnesium concentration in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neuropathic rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:211-6. [PMID: 16430544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central sensitization of neuropathic pain is associated with an influx of extracellular calcium via the opening of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-gated ion channels, which are usually blocked by magnesium plugs. As magnesium-deficient rats develop a mechanical hyperalgesia and intrathecal or intraperitoneal magnesium suppresses neuropathic pain, the magnesium concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid may be altered in neuropathic pain. We therefore compared the magnesium concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neuropathic rats with those in injured rats without symptoms of neuropathic pain and normal rats. METHODS Mechanical allodynia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by tight ligature of the left lumbar fifth and sixth spinal nerves. The threshold of paw withdrawal was evaluated by the up-down method using withdrawal response to stimulus with a von Frey filament on the third, seventh and 14th days. Rats with a threshold of less than 4 g were selected as the symptomatic group and compared with an asymptomatic group, an unoperated control group and a sham-operated group. On the 16th day, the Mg2+ concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were measured. RESULTS The magnesium concentrations in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of symptomatic neuropathic rats did not differ from those in the injured rats without symptoms of neuropathic pain, sham-operated rats and normal rats. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that physiologic homeostasis is maintained by active transport through the blood-brain barrier despite the activation of NMDA receptor-gated ion channels. However, rats with neuropathic pain may be in a magnesium-deficient condition at the effector site, such that magnesium treatment can decrease neuropathic pain.
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Park SA, Jeong SM, Yi NY, Kim MS, Jeong MB, Suh JG, Oh YS, Won MH, Nam TC, Park JH, Seo KM. Study on the Ophthalmic Diseases in ICR Mice and BALB/c Mice. Exp Anim 2006; 55:83-90. [PMID: 16651690 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.55.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In pharmaceutical companies and research institutes, many toxicity tests are performed with laboratory animals. This study was performed to produce reference data for eye toxicity tests and to investigate the ophthalmic diseases of 408 ICR mice and 119 BALB/c mice, which are commonly used as subjects in toxicity tests. The experimental animals without clinical disorders were selected regardless of sex. The ophthalmic diseases were examined by using special ophthalmic instruments: direct ophthalmoscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, slit-lamp biomicroscope and focal illuminator. The most prevalent ocular variation within normal limits was hyaloid vessel remnant (ICR mice, 28.2%; BALB/c mice, 31.9%) and the incidence gradually decreased with age. The ocular diseases found in ICR mice were retinal degeneration (9.8%), corneal scar (4.2%), focal cataract (2.2%), anisocoria (1.2%), corneal ulcer (0.2%) and uveitis (0.2%). In BALB/c mice, corneal scar (9.2%), focal cataract (1.7%) and corneal ulcer (0.8%) were the ocular diseases found.
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Kim MS, Kweon DH, Yi NY, Lee JM, Jeong MB, Kang MS, Jeong SM, Nam TC, Kim DY, Seo KM. Corneal papilloma in a dog. Vet Rec 2005; 156:454. [PMID: 15828730 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.14.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim MS, Jeong SM, Park JH, Nam TC, Seo KM. Reversal of medetomidine-ketamine combination anesthesia in rabbits by atipamezole. Exp Anim 2005; 53:423-8. [PMID: 15516790 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.53.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the optimal reversal dosage of atipamezole on medetomidine-ketamine combination anesthesia. The subject rabbits were divided into five groups (n=5/group), and all were anesthetized with intravenous medetomidine (0.35 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg). Atipamezole was administered intravenously 35 min after administration of the medetomidine-ketamine mixture, at doses of a quarter, a half, equal, or two times higher than the preceding medetomidine -ketamine dose according to experimental group. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured every five minutes and the mean arousal time (MAT) was also recorded. This study revealed that the optimal atipamezole dosage to achieve reversal effects is equal to or double the dose of medetomidine. At these dosages, HR and MAP significantly recovered and MAT was significantly shortened with no side effects being observed (p<0.05).
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Jeong MB, Kim NR, Yi NY, Park SA, Kim MS, Park JH, Jeong SM, Seo KD, Nam TC, Oh YS, Won MH, Seo KM. Spontaneous Ophthalmic Diseases in 586 New Zealand White Rabbits. Exp Anim 2005; 54:395-403. [PMID: 16365516 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.54.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate spontaneous eye disease in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, which are commonly used for toxicity tests, and to provide reference materials for pharmaceutical companies and research centers. A total of 586 NZW rabbits were randomly chosen without sex preference and were examined using ocular equipment, including a direct ophthalmoscope, an indirect ophthalmoscope, a slit-lamp biomicroscope, a focal illuminator, and a fundus camera. This study showed that the incidence rate of temporary cataracts, regarded as a change within normal variation, was 0.5% in the NZW rabbits. Regarding abnormal ophthalmic disease, blepharitis was the most commonly observed ocular disease. Other findings included cataract, conjunctivitis, choroidal hypoplasia, keratitis, corneal scarring, eyelid laceration, posterior synechiae, uveitis, dacryocystitis, and persistent pupillary membrane. In total, the incidence rate of ophthalmic diseases was 9.6%. Based on sex and age distributions, females had more ocular diseases than males, and rabbits were less susceptible to eye diseases as they got older. In this study, photographs were taken to document findings, such as normal fundus, normal variations, ophthalmic disease, and histopathologic examination.
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Kwak YL, Oh YJ, Bang SO, Lee JH, Jeong SM, Hong YW. Comparison of the Effects of Nicardipine and Sodium Nitroprusside for Control of Increased Blood Pressure after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Int Med Res 2004; 32:342-50. [PMID: 15303765 DOI: 10.1177/147323000403200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the haemodynamic effects of nicardipine and sodium nitroprusside after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. When post-surgery systolic blood pressure reached > 150 mmHg, patients were randomly given nicardipine (N group, n = 26) or sodium nitroprusside (S group, n = 21). The drugs were infused at a rate of 2 μg/kg per min for 10 min. If the target blood pressure (120-140 mmHg) was not achieved, the infusion rate was increased by 1 üg/kg per min every 10 min. Cardiac and stroke volume indices had increased significantly in the N group after 10 min and in both groups after 60 min. The infusion duration and total dose of drug were significantly lower in the N group compared with the S group. Nicardipine infusion controlled post-operative hypertension more rapidly and was superior to sodium nitroprusside in maintaining left ventricular performance immediately after drug infusion.
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Abstract
An 18-month-old male Doberman Pinscher was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine for an erythemic nodular mass on the right forelimb. The mass was diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoma, based on cytologic examination of a mass aspirate and histopathology. Using immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were positive for CD3 but negative for CD79a, E-cadherin, and pancytokeratin, confirming their origin as T lymphocytes. No tumor recurrence was noted 18 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a solitary nodular form of cutaneous lymphoma in a young dog.
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Kim JK, Jeong SM, Yi NY, Jeong MB, Lee ES, Nam TC, Seo KM. Effect of intratesticular injection of xylazine/ketamine combination on canine castration. J Vet Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2004.5.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jeong SM, Choi YK, Kim DY, Nam TC, Kweon OK, Youn HY. Subcutaneous fibrosarcoma with low malignancy in a pig. Vet Rec 2003; 152:720-1. [PMID: 12825707 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.23.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jeong SM, Nam TC. Effect of electroacupuncture on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:145-7. [PMID: 12576723 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was evaluated in dogs. After determination of baseline MAC, EA was applied at each acupoints (LI-4, SP-6, ST-36 and TH-8) and nonacupoint for 30 min. MAC was determined again. EA at acupoints significantly lowered the MAC of isoflurane in dogs (17.5 +/- 3.1%, 21.3 +/- 8.0%, 21.2 +/- 7.5% and 15.4 +/- 3.1%, respectively). In control group and nonacupoint electrical stimulation group MAC were not decreased significantly. From these results, electroacupuncture at each acupoints used in the present study would have an advantage in isoflurane anesthesia with reducing its requirement.
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Yang JW, Jeong SM, Seo KM, Nam TC. Effects of Corticosteroid and Electroacupuncture on Experimental Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs. J Vet Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2003.4.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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