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Mudariki T, Lea R, Ashton K, Dawson T, Davis C, Smith J. PO25DISTRIBUTION OF MG, FE, CU AND ZN IN GLIOBLASTOMA, MENINGIOMA I AND II USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP-MS). Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov284.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thom M, Michalak Z, Wright G, Dawson T, Hilton D, Joshi A, Diehl B, Koepp M, Lhatoo S, Sander JW, Sisodiya SM. Audit of practice in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) post mortems and neuropathological findings. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 42:463-76. [PMID: 26300477 PMCID: PMC4864133 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is one of the leading causes of death in people with epilepsy. For classification of definite SUDEP, a post mortem (PM), including anatomical and toxicological examination, is mandatory to exclude other causes of death. We audited PM practice as well as the value of brain examination in SUDEP. METHODS We reviewed 145 PM reports in SUDEP cases from four UK neuropathology centres. Data were extracted for clinical epilepsy details, circumstances of death and neuropathological findings. RESULTS Macroscopic brain abnormalities were identified in 52% of cases. Mild brain swelling was present in 28%, and microscopic pathologies relevant to cause or effect of seizures were seen in 89%. Examination based on whole fixed brains (76.6% of all PMs), and systematic regional sampling was associated with higher detection rates of underlying pathology (P < 0.01). Information was more frequently recorded regarding circumstances of death and body position/location than clinical epilepsy history and investigations. CONCLUSION Our findings support the contribution of examination of the whole fixed brain in SUDEP, with high rates of detection of relevant pathology. Availability of full clinical epilepsy-related information at the time of PM could potentially further improve detection through targeted tissue sampling. Apart from confirmation of SUDEP, complete neuropathological examination contributes to evaluation of risk factors as well as helping to direct future research into underlying causes.
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Lea RW, Dawson T, Martinez-Moreno CG, El-Abry N, Harvey S. Growth hormone and cancer: GH production and action in glioma? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 220:119-23. [PMID: 26163024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone (GH) is associated with an increased risk of cancer, while reducing pituitary GH signaling reduces this risk. Roles for pituitary GH in cancer are therefore well established. The expression of the GH gene is, however, not confined to the pituitary gland and it is now known to occur in many extrapituitary tissues, in which it has local autocrine or paracrine actions, rather than endocrine function. It is, for instance, expressed in cancers of the prostate, lung, skin, endometrium and colon. The oncogenicity of autocrine GH may also be greater than that induced by endocrine or exogenous GH, as higher concentrations of GHR antagonists are required to inhibit its actions. This may reflect the fact that autocrine GH is thought to act at intracellular receptors directly after synthesis, in compartments not readily accessible to endocrine (or exogenous) GH. The roles and actions of extrapituitary GH in cancer may therefore differ from those of pituitary GH. The possibility that GH may be expressed and act in glioma tumors was therefore examined by immunohistochemistry. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of abundant GH- and GH receptor (GHR-) immunoreactivity in glioma, in which they were co-localized in cytoplasmic but not nuclear compartments. These results demonstrate that glioma differs from most cancers in lacking nuclear GHRs, but GH is nevertheless likely to have autocrine or paracrine actions in the induction and progression of glioma.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute toxin-mediated illness caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. There is no recent data regarding incidence, management and mortality of TSS in UK children. METHODS Consultants from paediatric and burns units in the UK and Ireland, reported cases of TSS seen between November 2008 and December 2009, via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Respondents were sent questionnaires requesting detailed information about TSS cases. Established criteria were used to divide cases into staphylococcal or streptococcal TSS. RESULTS Forty-nine cases were identified overall; 29 cases of streptococcal TSS (18 confirmed and 11 probable) and 20 cases of staphylococcal TSS (15 confirmed and 5 probable). The incidence of TSS children in the UK & the Republic of Ireland was calculated to be 0.38 per 100 000 children. Children with staphylococcal TSS were older than those with streptococcal TSS (9.5 vs 3.8 years; p<0.003). Paediatric intensive care facilities were used for 78% of cases (invasive ventilatory support 69%; inotropic support 67%; haemofiltration 12%). Agents with antitoxin effects were underused; clindamycin 67%, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 20%, fresh frozen plasma 40%. There were eight deaths, all in the streptococcal group (28% of streptococcal cases)-none were given IVIG. CONCLUSIONS Streptococcal TSS was as frequent as staphylococcal TSS, contrasting with previous literature. Children with streptococcal TSS had a higher mortality than those with staphylococcal TSS (28% vs 0%; p<0.05). Recommended immunomodulatory agents (IVIG and clindamycin) were underused. This study highlights the need for a guideline to improve management of TSS in children.
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Arora M, Alder J, Lawrence C, Davis C, Dawson T, Hall G, Shaw L. P41 * IDENTIFICATION OF GLIOMA SPECIFIC APTAMER TARGETS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou249.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pangeni RP, Ashton K, Walker C, Dawson T, Davis C, Latif F, Darling JL, Warr TJ, Morris MR. OP13 * IDENTIFICATION OF GENES EPIGENETICALLY DEREGULATED IN BRAIN METASTASIS FROM PRIMARY BREAST TUMOURS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou251.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fullwood LM, Griffiths D, Ashton K, Dawson T, Lea RW, Davis C, Bonnier F, Byrne HJ, Baker MJ. Effect of substrate choice and tissue type on tissue preparation for spectral histopathology by Raman microspectroscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:446-54. [PMID: 24308030 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive, non-invasive, rapid and economical technique which has the potential to be an excellent method for the diagnosis of cancer and understanding disease progression through retrospective studies of archived tissue samples. Historically, biobanks are generally comprised of formalin fixed paraffin preserved tissue and as a result these specimens are often used in spectroscopic research. Tissue in this state has to be dewaxed prior to Raman analysis to reduce paraffin contributions in the spectra. However, although the procedures are derived from histopathological clinical practice, the efficacy of the dewaxing procedures that are currently employed is questionable. Ineffective removal of paraffin results in corruption of the spectra and previous experiments have shown that the efficacy can depend on the dewaxing medium and processing time. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of commonly used spectroscopic substrates (CaF2, Spectrosil quartz and low-E slides) and the influence of different histological tissue types (normal, cancerous and metastatic) on tissue preparation and to assess their use for spectral histopathology. Results show that CaF2 followed by Spectrosil contribute the least to the spectral background. However, both substrates retain paraffin after dewaxing. Low-E substrates, which exhibit the most intense spectral background, do not retain wax and resulting spectra are not affected by paraffin peaks. We also show a disparity in paraffin retention depending upon the histological identity of the tissue with abnormal tissue retaining more paraffin than normal.
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Hands JR, Dorling KM, Abel P, Ashton KM, Brodbelt A, Davis C, Dawson T, Jenkinson MD, Lea RW, Walker C, Baker MJ. Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral discrimination of brain tumour severity from serum samples. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:189-199. [PMID: 24395599 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours in adults with over 9,000 people diagnosed each year in the UK. A rapid, reagent-free and cost-effective diagnostic regime using serum spectroscopy would allow for rapid diagnostic results and for swift treatment planning and monitoring within the clinical environment. We report the use of ATR-FTIR spectral data combined with a RBF-SVM for the diagnosis of gliomas (high-grade and low-grade) from non-cancer with sensitivities and specificities on average of 93.75 and 96.53% respectively. The proposed diagnostic regime has the ability to reduce mortality and morbidity rates.
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Hands JR, Abel P, Ashton K, Dawson T, Davis C, Lea RW, McIntosh AJS, Baker MJ. Investigating the rapid diagnosis of gliomas from serum samples using infrared spectroscopy and cytokine and angiogenesis factors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7347-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kijima N, Hosen N, Kagawa N, Hashimoto N, Chiba Y, Kinoshita M, Sugiyama H, Yoshimine T, Kim YZ, Kim KH, Lee EH, Hu B, Sim H, Mohan N, Agudelo-Garcia P, Nuovo G, Cole S, Viapiano MS, McFarland BC, Hong SW, Rajbhandari R, Twitty GB, Kenneth Gray G, Yu H, Langford CP, Yancey Gillespie G, Benveniste EN, Nozell SE, Nitta R, Mitra S, Bui T, Li G, Munoz JL, Rodriguez-Cruz V, Rameshwar P, Rodriguez-Cruz V, Munoz JL, Rameshwar P, See WL, Mukherjee J, Shannon KM, Pieper RO, Floyd DH, Xiao A, Purow BW, Lavon I, Zrihan D, Refael M, Bier A, Canello T, Siegal T, Zrihan D, Granit A, Siegal T, Lavon I, Xie Q, Wang X, Gong Y, Mao Y, Chen X, Zhou L, Lee SX, Tunkyi A, Wong ET, Swanson KD, Zhang K, Chen L, Zhang J, Shi Z, Han L, Pu P, Kang C, Cho WH, Ogawa D, Godlewski J, Bronisz A, Antonio Chiocca E, Mustafa DAM, Sieuwerts AM, Smid M, de Weerd V, Martens JW, Foekens JA, Kros JM, Zhang J, McCulloch C, Graff J, Sui Y, Dinn S, Huang Y, Li Q, Fiona G, Ogawa D, Nakashima H, Godlewski J, Antonio Chiocca E, Leiss L, Manini I, Enger PO, Yang C, Iyer R, Yu ACH, Li S, Ikejiri BL, Zhuang Z, Lonser R, Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R, Gambhir SS, Merrill MJ, Sun M, Chen M, Edwards NA, Shively SB, Lonser RR, Baia GS, Caballero OL, Orr BA, Lal A, Ho JS, Cowdrey C, Tihan T, Mawrin C, Riggins GJ, Lu D, Leo C, Wheeler H, McDonald K, Schulte A, Zapf S, Stoupiec M, Kolbe K, Riethdorf S, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Timmer M, Rohn G, Koch A, Goldbrunner R, Edwards NA, Lonser RR, Merrill MJ, Ruggieri R, Vanan I, Dong Z, Sarkaria JN, Tran NL, Berens ME, Symons M, Rowther FB, Dawson T, Ashton K, Darling J, Warr T, Okamoto M, Palanichamy K, Gordon N, Patel D, Walston S, Krishanan T, Chakravarti A, Kalinina J, Carroll A, Wang L, Yu Q, Mancheno DE, Wu S, Liu F, Ahn J, He M, Mao H, Van Meir EG, Debinski W, Gonzales O, Beauchamp A, Gibo DM, Seals DF, Speranza MC, Frattini V, Kapetis D, Pisati F, Eoli M, Pellegatta S, Finocchiaro G, Maherally Z, Smith JR, Pilkington GJ, Zhu W, Wang Q, Clark PA, Yang SS, Lin SH, Kahle KT, Kuo JS, Sun D, Hossain MB, Cortes-Santiago N, Gururaj A, Thomas J, Gabrusiewicz K, Gumin J, Xipell E, Lang F, Fueyo J, Yung WKA, Gomez-Manzano C, Cook NJ, Lawrence JE, Rovin RA, Belton RJ, Winn RJ, Ferluga S, Debinski W, Lee SH, Khwaja FW, Zerrouqi A, Devi NS, Van Meir EG, Drucker KL, Lee HK, Bier A, Finniss S, Cazacu S, Poisson L, Xiang C, Rempel SA, Mikkelsen T, Brodie C, Chen M, Shen J, Edwards NA, Lonser RR, Merrill MJ, Kenchappa RS, Valadez JG, Cooper MK, Carter BD, Forsyth PA, Lee JS, Erdreich-Epstein A, Song HR, Lawn S, Kenchappa R, Forsyth P, Lim KJ, Bar EE, Eberhart CG, Blough M, Alnajjar M, Chesnelong C, Weiss S, Chan J, Cairncross G, Wykosky J, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Brown KE, Keir ST, Sampson JH, Bigner DD, Kwatra MM, Kotipatruni RP, Thotala DK, Jaboin J, Taylor TE, Wykosky J, Schinzel AC, Hahn WC, Cavenee WK, Furnari FB, Kapoor GS, Macyszyn L, Bi Y, Fetting H, Poptani H, Ittyerah R, Davuluri RV, O'Rourke D, Pitter KL, Hosni-Ahmed A, Colevas K, Holland EC, Jones TS, Malhotra A, Potts C, Fernandez-Lopez A, Kenney AM, Cheng S, Feng H, Hu B, Jarzynka MJ, Li Y, Keezer S, Johns TG, Hamilton RL, Vuori K, Nishikawa R, Sarkaria JN, Fenton T, Cheng T, Furnari FB, Cavenee WK, Mikheev AM, Mikheeva SA, Silber JR, Horner PJ, Rostomily R, Henson ES, Brown M, Eisenstat DD, Gibson SB, Price RL, Song J, Bingmer K, Oglesbee M, Cook C, Kwon CH, Antonio Chiocca E, Nguyen TT, Nakashima H, Chiocca EA, Lukiw WJ, Culicchia F, Jones BM, Zhao Y, Bhattacharjee S. LAB-CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gajjar K, Heppenstall LD, Pang W, Ashton KM, Trevisan J, Patel II, Llabjani V, Stringfellow HF, Martin-Hirsch PL, Dawson T, Martin FL. Diagnostic segregation of human brain tumours using Fourier-transform infrared and/or Raman spectroscopy coupled with discriminant analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2012; 5:89-102. [PMID: 24098310 PMCID: PMC3789135 DOI: 10.1039/c2ay25544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The most common initial treatment received by patients with a brain tumour is surgical removal of the growth. Precise histopathological diagnosis of brain tumours is to some extent subjective. Furthermore, currently available diagnostic imaging techniques to delineate the excision border during cytoreductive surgery lack the required spatial precision to aid surgeons. We set out to determine whether infrared (IR) and/or Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis could be applied to discriminate between normal brain tissue and different tumour types (meningioma, glioma and brain metastasis) based on the unique spectral "fingerprints" of their biochemical composition. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of normal brain and different brain tumours were de-waxed, mounted on low-E slides and desiccated before being analyzed using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed a clear segregation between normal and different tumour subtypes. Discrimination of tumour classes was also apparent with Raman spectroscopy. Further analysis of spectral data revealed changes in brain biochemical structure associated with different tumours. Decreased tentatively-assigned lipid-to-protein ratio was associated with increased tumour progression. Alteration in cholesterol esters-to-phenylalanine ratio was evident in grade IV glioma and metastatic tumours. The current study indicates that IR and/or Raman spectroscopy have the potential to provide a novel diagnostic approach in the accurate diagnosis of brain tumours and have potential for application in intra-operative diagnosis.
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Birks S, Altinkaya M, Altinkaya A, Pilkington G, Kurian KM, Crosby C, Hopkins K, Williams M, Donovan L, Birks S, Eason A, Bosak V, Pilkington G, Birks S, Holliday J, Corbett I, Pilkington G, Keeling M, Bambrough J, Simpson J, Higgins S, Dogra H, Pilkington G, Kurian KM, Zhang Y, Bradley M, Schmidberger C, Hafizi S, Noorani I, Price S, Dubocq A, Jaunky T, Chatelain C, Evans L, Gaissmaier T, Pilkington GJ, An Q, Hurwitz V, Logan J, Bhangoo R, Ashkan K, Gullan A, Beaney R, Brazil L, Kokkinos S, Blake R, Singleton A, Shaw A, Iyer V, Kurian KM, Jeyapalan JN, Morley IC, Hill AA, Mumin MA, Tatevossian RG, Qaddoumi I, Ellison DW, Sheer D, Frary A, Price S, Jefferies S, Harris F, Burnet N, Jena R, Watts C, Haylock B, Leow-Dyke S, Rathi N, Wong H, Dunn J, Baborie A, Crooks D, Husband D, Shenoy A, Brodbelt A, Walker C, Bahl A, Larsen J, Craven I, Metherall P, McKevitt F, Romanowski C, Hoggard N, Jellinek DA, Bell S, Murray E, Muirhead R, James A, Hanzely Z, Jackson R, Stewart W, O'Brien A, Young A, Bell S, Hanzely Z, Stewart W, Shepherd S, Cavers D, Wallace L, Hacking B, Scott S, Bowyer D, Elmahdi A, Frary AJ, O'Donovan DG, Price SJ, Kia A, Przystal JM, Nianiaris N, Mazarakis ND, Mintz PJ, Hajitou A, Karakoula K, Phipps K, Harkness W, Hayward R, Thompson D, Jacques T, Harding B, Darling J, Warr T, Leow-Dyke S, Rathi N, Haylock B, Crooks D, Jenkinson M, Walker C, Brodbelt A, Zhou L, Ercolano E, Ammoun S, Schmid MC, Barczyk M, Hanemann CO, Rowther F, Dawson T, Ashton K, Darling J, Warr T, Maherally Z, Hatherell KE, Kroese K, Hafizi S, Pilkington GJ, Singh P, McQuaid S, Al-Rashid S, Prise K, Herron B, Healy E, Shoakazemi A, Donnelly M, McConnell R, Harney J, Conkey D, McGrath E, Lunsford L, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, Kano H, Hamilton R, Flannery T, Majani Y, Smith S, Grundy R, Rahman R, Saini S, Hall G, Davis C, Rowther F, Lawson T, Ashton K, Potter N, Goessl E, Darling J, Warr T, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson M, Walker C, Leow-Dyke S, Haylock B, Dunn J, Wilkins S, Smith T, Petinou V, Nicholl I, Singh J, Lea R, Welsby P, Spiteri I, Sottoriva A, Marko N, Tavare S, Collins P, Price SJ, Watts C, Su Z, Gerhard A, Hinz R, Roncaroli F, Coope D, Thompson G, Karabatsou K, Sofat A, Leggate J, du Plessis D, Turkheimer F, Jackson A, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson M, Das K, Crooks D, Herholz K, Price SJ, Whittle IR, Ashkan K, Grundy P, Cruickshank G, Berry V, Elder D, Iyer V, Hopkins K, Cohen N, Tavare J, Zilidis G, Tibarewal P, Spinelli L, Leslie NR, Coope DJ, Karabatsou K, Green S, Wall G, Bambrough J, Brennan P, Baily J, Diaz M, Ironside J, Sansom O, Brunton V, Frame M, Young A, Thomas O, Mohsen L, Frary A, Lupson V, McLean M, Price S, Arora M, Shaw L, Lawrence C, Alder J, Dawson T, Hall G, Rada L, Chen K, Shivane A, Ammoun S, Parkinson D, Hanemann C, Pangeni RP, Warr TJ, Morris MR, Mackinnon M, Williamson A, James A, Chalmers A, Beckett V, Joannides A, Brock R, McCarthy K, Price S, Singh A, Karakoula K, Dawson T, Ashton K, Darling J, Warr T, Kardooni H, Morris M, Rowther F, Darling J, Warr T, Watts C, Syed N, Roncaroli F, Janczar K, Singh P, O'Neil K, Nigro CL, Lattanzio L, Coley H, Hatzimichael E, Bomalaski J, Szlosarek P, Crook T, Pullen NA, Anand M, Birks S, Van Meter T, Pullen NA, Anand M, Williams S, Boissinot M, Steele L, Williams S, Chiocca EA, Lawler S, Al Rashid ST, Mashal S, Taggart L, Clarke E, Flannery T, Prise KM. Abstracts from the 2012 BNOS Conference. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Demssie YN, Joseph J, Dawson T, Roberts G, de Carpentier J, Howell S. Recurrent spindle cell oncocytoma of the pituitary, a case report and review of literature. Pituitary 2011; 14:367-70. [PMID: 19241173 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-009-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) is a rare non-functioning tumour of the pituitary which has just been formally recognized as a distinct entity by the 2007 WHO classification of brain tumours. We report a case of SCO who presented with symptoms of visual blurring, weight loss, intermittent vomiting and excessive tiredness of several months duration. Investigations revealed a bitemporal visual field defect, a panhypopituitary hormonal profile and a large pituitary tumour with suprasellar extension. He underwent a successful trans-sphenoidal resection of the pituitary tumour but it subsequently recurred twice at 9 months interval which required further two debulking procedures. A diagnosis of SCO was made based on its unique histologic and staining properties. To date there are only ten reported cases of SCO in total with only two of these cases being recurrent. Our case displayed the most aggressive clinical course despite having a low Ki-67 index contrary to the previously reported cases of recurrent SCO.
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Ramaswamy R, Ashton K, Lea R, Roberts P, Davis CH, Golash A, Dawson T. Study of effectiveness of mifepristone for glioma cell line growth suppression. Br J Neurosurg 2011; 26:336-9. [PMID: 22103566 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2011.629696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary brain tumour with very limited treatment options. Any addition to existing treatment options which can improve prognosis and life expectancy is useful. In our study, we look at the usefulness of anti-progestogen mifepristone in causing growth suppression of glioma cell lines in the laboratory. METHODS We cultured five cell lines in the lab and exposed them to mifepristone in different doses for a total of 96 h. Five different doses of mifepristone were used. Progesterone and dexamethasone were also used as growth stimulants. Immunostaining was used to identify progesterone receptors (PRs) in the cell lines. RESULTS U257/7 and IN1265 showed statistically significant growth suppression (36% and 11%, P = 0.001 and 0.03 respectively), maximal at 96 h. Growth suppression in U257/7 showed a dose response progression except with the lowest dose which was not explicable. The response of IN1265 was seen only with the highest dose of mifepristone. There was no significant growth stimulation with either dexamethasone or progesterone. None of the cell lines showed any significant positivity for PRs. CONCLUSION We were able to produce enough growth suppression of glioma cell lines using mifepristone. This is in keeping with some of the published results in literature. This raises the possibility of using mifepristone in treating GBMs which have very limited treatment options. This, however, needs further work probably on primary glioma cultures first followed by in vivo studies before it can be used in patients.
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Ammoun S, Zhou L, Barczyk M, Hilton D, Hafizi S, Hanemann C, Lehnus KS, Donovan LK, Pilkington GJ, An Q, Anderson IA, Thomson S, Bailey M, Lekka E, Law J, Davis C, Banfill K, Loughrey C, Hatfield P, Bax D, Elliott R, Bishop R, Taylor K, Marshall L, Gaspar N, Viana-Pereira M, Reis R, Renshaw J, Ashworth A, Lord C, Jones C, Bellamy C, Shaw L, Alder J, Shorrocks A, Lea R, Birks S, Burnet M, Pilkington G, Bruch JD, Ho J, Watts C, Price SJ, Camp S, Apostolopoulos V, Mehta A, Roncaroli F, Nandi D, Clark B, Mackinnon M, MacLeod N, Stewart W, Chalmers A, Cole A, Hanna G, Bailie K, Conkey D, Harney J, Darlow C, Chapman S, Mohsen L, Price S, Donovan L, Birks S, Pilkington G, Dyer H, Lord H, Fletcher K, das Nair R, MacNiven J, Basu S, Byrne P, Glancz L, Critchley G, Grech-Sollars M, Saunders D, Phipps K, Clayden J, Clark C, Greco A, Acquati S, Marino S, Hammouche S, Wilkins SP, Smith T, Brodbelt A, Hammouche S, Clark S, Wong AHL, Eldridge P, Farah JO, Ho J, Bruch J, Watts C, Price S, Lamb G, Smith S, James A, Glegg M, Jeffcote T, Boulos S, Robbins P, Knuckey N, Banigo A, Brodbelt AR, Jenkinson MD, Jeyapalan JN, Mumin MA, Forshew T, Lawson AR, Tatevossian RG, Jacques TS, Sheer D, Kilday J, Wright K, Leavy S, Lowe J, Schwalbe E, Clifford S, Gilbertson R, Coyle B, Grundy R, Kinsella P, Clynes M, Amberger-Murphy V, Barron N, Lambert SR, Jones D, Pearson D, Ichimura I, Collins V, Steele L, Sinha P, Chumas P, Tyler J, Ogawa D, Chiocca E, DeLay M, Bronisz A, Nowicki M, Godlewski J, Lawler S, Lee MK, Javadpour M, Jenkinson MD, Lekka E, Abel P, Dawson T, Lea B, Davis C, Lim CSK, Grundy PL, Pendleton M, Lord H, Mackinnon M, Williamson A, James A, Stewart W, Clark B, Chalmers A, Merve A, Zhang X, Marino S, Miller S, Rogers HA, Lyon P, Rand V, Adamowicz-Brice M, Clifford SC, Hayden JT, Dyer S, Pfister S, Korshunov A, Brundler MA, Lowe J, Coyle B, Grundy RG, Nankivell M, Mulvenna P, Barton R, Wilson P, Faivre-Finn C, Pugh C, Langley R, Ngoga D, Tennant D, Williams A, Moss P, Cruickshank G, Owusu-Agyemang K, Bell S, Stewart W, St.George J, Piccirillo SG, Watts C, Qadri S, Pirola E, Jenkinson M, Brodbelt A, Rahman R, Rahman C, Smith S, MacArthur D, Rose F, Shakesheff K, Grundy R, Carroll C, Watson P, Hawkins M, Spoudeas H, Walker D, Holland T, Ring H, Rooney A, McNamara S, Mackinnon M, Fraser M, Rampling R, Carson A, Grant R, Royds J, Al Nadaf S, Ahn A, Chen YJ, Wiles A, Jellinek D, Braithwaite A, Baguley B, MacFarlane M, Hung N, Slatter T, Rusbridge S, Walmsley N, Griffiths S, Wilford P, Rees J, Ryan D, Watts C, Liu P, Galavotti S, Shaked-Rabi M, Tulchinsky E, Brandner S, Jones C, Salomoni P, Schulte A, Gunther HS, Zapf S, Riethdorf S, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Selvanathan SK, Hammouche S, Salminen HJ, Jenkinson MD, Setua S, Watts C, Welland ME, Shevtsov M, Khachatryan W, Kim A, Samochernych K, Pozdnyakov A, Guzhova IV, Romanova IV, Margulis B, Smith S, Rahman R, Rahman C, Barrow J, Macarthur D, Rose F, Grundy R, Smith S, Long A, Barrow J, Macarthur D, Coyle B, Grundy R, Maherally Z, Smith JR, Dickson L, Pilkington GJ, Prabhu S, Harris F, Lea R, Snape TJ, Sussman M, Wilne S, Whitehouse W, Chow G, Liu JF, Walker D, Snape T, Karakoula A, Rowther F, Warr T, Williamson A, Mackinnon M, Zisakis A, Varsos V, Panteli A, Karypidou O, Zampethanis A, Fotovati A, Abu-Ali S, Wang PS, Deleyrolle L, Lee C, Triscott J, Chen JY, Franciosi S, Nakamura Y, Sugita Y, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Leavitt BR, Singh SK, Jury A, Jones C, Wakimoto H, Reynolds BA, Pallen CJ, Dunn SE, Shepherd S, Scott S, Bowyer D, Wallace L, Hacking B, Mohsen L, Jena R, Gillard J, Price S, Lee C, Fotovati A, Verraeult M, Wakimoto H, Reynolds B, Dunham C, Bally M, Hukin J, Singhal S, Singh S, Dunn S. Abstracts from the 2011 BNOS Conference, June 29 - July 1, 2011, Homerton College, Cambridge. Neuro Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dawson T. Frozen Section Library: Central Nervous System (1st edition). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Oldroyd A, Dawson T, Nixon J. A case of neurosarcoidosis that presented with symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:bcr0220113800. [PMID: 22700608 PMCID: PMC3079465 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.02.2011.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report is of a patient who presented with clinical features suggestive of Guillain-Barré syndrome, who on investigation was found to have neurosarcoidosis. The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and physiotherapy and he improved in condition substantially over 1 month. Neurosarcoidosis and its various presentations are discussed in the literature review.
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Abeygunaratne R, Roberts G, Gunawardena L, Joseph J, Dawson T. 50-year-old woman with a pigmented tumor of the fourth ventricle. Brain Pathol 2008; 18:628-30. [PMID: 18782181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Wang L, Li D, Plested CP, Dawson T, Teschemacher AG, Paterson DJ. Noradrenergic neuron-specific overexpression of nNOS in cardiac sympathetic nerves decreases neurotransmission. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006; 41:364-70. [PMID: 16806265 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with nonspecific adenoviral vectors can cause promiscuous transduction. We provide direct evidence that nNOS targeted only to cardiac sympathetic neurons inhibits sympathetic neurotransmission. An adenovirus constructed with a noradrenergic neuron-specific promoter (PRSx8), driving nNOS or enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) gene expression caused exclusive expression in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive rat cardiac sympathetic neurons. There was no detectable leakage of transgene expression in other cell types in the preparation nor did the transgene express in choline acetyltransferase (CHAT)-positive intracardiac cholinergic ganglia. Functionally, Ad.PRS-nNOS gene transfer increased nNOS activity and significantly reduced norephinephrine release evoked by field stimulation of isolated right atria. These effects were reversed by the NOS inhibitor N(omega)-Nitro-L-arginine. Our results demonstrate that noradrenergic cell-specific gene transfer with nNOS can inhibit cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission. This targeted technique may provide a novel method for reducing presynaptic sympathetic hyperactivity.
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Dawson T, Macaluso M, Warner DL. 576: A Case-Crossover Analysis of Sexual Behavior and Bacterial Vaginosis among Women at High Risk of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Danson EJF, Mankia KS, Golding S, Dawson T, Everatt L, Cai S, Channon KM, Paterson DJ. Impaired regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and heart rate during exercise in mice lacking one nNOS allele. J Physiol 2004; 558:963-74. [PMID: 15155789 PMCID: PMC1665015 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.062299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that a single allele deletion of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) would impair the neural control of heart rate following physical training, and that this phenotype could be restored following targeted gene transfer of nNOS. Voluntary wheel-running (+EX) in heterozygous nNOS knockout mice (nNOS(+/-), +EX; n= 52; peak performance 9.1 +/- 1.8 km day(-1)) was undertaken and compared to wild-type mice (n= 38; 9.5 +/- 0.8 km day(-1)). In anaesthetized wild-type mice, exercise increased phenylephrine-induced bradycardia by 67% (measured as heart rate change, in beats per minute, divided by the change in arterial blood pressure, in mmHg) or pulse interval response to phenylephrine by 52% (measured as interbeat interval change, in milliseconds, divided by the change in blood pressure). Heart rate changes or interbeat interval changes in response to right vagal nerve stimulation were also enhanced by exercise in wild-type atria (P < 0.05), whereas both in vivo and in vitro responses to exercise were absent in nNOS(+/-) mice. nNOS inhibition attenuated heart rate responses to vagal nerve stimulation in all atria (P < 0.05) and normalized the responses in wild-type, +EX with respect to wild-type with no exercise (-EX) atria. Atrial nNOS mRNA and protein were increased in wild-type, +EX compared to wild-type, -EX (P < 0.05), although exercise failed to have any effect in nNOS(+/-) atria. In vivo nNOS gene transfer using adenoviruses targeted to atrial ganglia enhanced choline acetyltransferase-nNOS co-localization (P < 0.05) and increased phenylephrine-induced bradycardia in vivo and heart rate responses to vagal nerve stimulation in vitro compared to gene transfer of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP, P < 0.01). This difference was abolished by nNOS inhibition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, genomic regulation of NO bioavailability from nNOS in cardiac autonomic ganglia in response to training is dependent on both alleles of the gene. Although basal expression of nNOS is normal, polymorphisms of nNOS may interfere with neural regulation of heart rate following training. Targeted gene transfer of nNOS can restore this impairment.
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Weatherall MW, Chatterjee KM, Tan ATB, Dawson T. Audit can reduce inappropriate requests for cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Cytopathology 2004; 15:119-20. [PMID: 15056174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2004.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This paper examines the possible psychological implications of two adaptations of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, both of which were completed in 1997. The first is by a man: 'Deconstructing Harry', a film by Woody Allen. The second is by a woman: 'Eurydice in the Underworld', a short story written by Kathy Acker in the last year of her life. The paper argues that there are only four 'necessary events' in the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice. It defines the sequence of these events as a 'mythic pattern' that represents the experience of loss, unconscious yearning, depression, and psychological inflation. The film is examined as an expression of an 'Orpheus complex', the short story as an expression of an 'Eurydice complex'. The paper suggests a possible reason for the persistence of interest in the myth throughout the twentieth century. Although it notes that women appear to find it easier to free themselves from identification with the mythic pattern, it also provides reasons for thinking that men may be about to do the same.
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Stone P, Ream E, Richardson A, Thomas H, Andrews P, Campbell P, Dawson T, Edwards J, Goldie T, Hammick M, Kearney N, Lean M, Rapley D, Smith AG, Teague C, Young A. Cancer-related fatigue--a difference of opinion? Results of a multicentre survey of healthcare professionals, patients and caregivers. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2003; 12:20-7. [PMID: 12641553 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2354.2003.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of patients with cancer, their caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) about fatigue and its impact on quality of life. It was a cross-sectional survey, the respondents were patients with cancer attending three UK regional cancer centres (n = 1,370), their informal caregivers (n = 1,370) and a random selection of HCPs (oncologists/nurses/radiographers/haematologists; n = 1,098). The response rates for patients, caregivers and HCPs were 42%, 33% and 34% respectively. Fatigue was reported to affect 56% of patients and to have a considerable impact on quality of life. Caregivers also recognized that fatigue was a common problem, with significant effects on patients' quality of life and impact on themselves. Healthcare professionals recognized that fatigue was a common problem for their patients but overestimated its impact on some aspects of patients' daily lives. Although most HCPs reported that they prescribed/recommended treatment for over half of their patients, only 14% of patients reported receiving any such treatment. The most common advice was to take more rest and relaxation. CONCLUSIONS patients with cancer report that fatigue is a common and distressing symptom and the importance of this symptom is generally recognized by both HCPs and lay-carers. Healthcare professionals need more information about the effectiveness of existing interventions for cancer-related fatigue and further research is required to improve the current management of this debilitating symptom.
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Farrell T, Dawson T. Can uterine artery Doppler velocimetry predict adverse pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid syndrome? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001; 80:609-10. [PMID: 11437717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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