Observation of Topological Magnon Insulator States in a Superconducting Circuit

Searching topological states in artificial systems has recently become a rapidly growing field of research. Meanwhile, significant experimental progress on observing topological phenomena has been made in superconducting circuits. However, topological insulator states have not yet been reported in this system. Here, for the first time, we experimentally realize a tunable dimerized spin chain model and observe the topological magnon insulator states in a superconducting qubit chain. Via parametric modulations of the qubit frequencies, we show that the qubit chain can be flexibly tuned into topologically trivial or nontrivial magnon insulator states. Based on monitoring the quantum dynamics of a single-qubit excitation in the chain, we not only measure the topological winding numbers, but also observe the topological magnon edge and defect states. Our experiment exhibits the great potential of tunable superconducting qubit chain as a versatile platform for exploring noninteracting and interacting symmetry-protected topological states.

MicroRNA-24 attenuates vascular remodeling in diabetic rats through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

The vascular remodeling plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. In this study, we intended to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of microRNA-24 (miR-24) on vascular remodeling under diabetic conditions.

METHODS AND RESULTS

MiR-24 recombinant adenovirus (Ad-miR-24-GFP) was used to induce miR-24 overexpression either in carotid arteries or high glucose (HG)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 method. Cell migration was examined using wound-healing and transwell assay. mRNA and protein expressions of critical factors were, respectively, measured by real-time PCR and western blot as follows: qRT-PCR for the levels of miR-24, PIK3R1; western blot for the protein levels of PI3K (p85α), Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, 4E-BP1, p-4E-BP1, p70s6k, p-p70s6k, MMP 2, MMP 9, collagen Ⅰ, as well as collagen Ⅲ. Carotid arteries in diabetic rats suffered balloon injury were harvested and examined by HE, immunohistochemical and Masson trichrome staining. The expression of miR-24 was decreased in HG-stimulated VSMCs and balloon-injured carotid arteries of diabetic rats, accompanied by increased mRNA expression of PIK3R1. The up-regulation of miR-24 suppressed VSMCs proliferation, migration, collagen deposition not only induced by HG in vitro, but also in balloon-injured diabetic rats, which were related to inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

The up-regulation of miR-24 significantly attenuated vascular remodeling both in balloon-injured diabetic rats and HG-stimulated VSMCs via suppression of proliferation, migration and collagen deposition by acting on PIK3R1 gene that modulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axes.

Vegetarians have a lower fasting insulin level and higher insulin sensitivity than matched omnivores: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Potential associations of vegetarian diet patterns with fasting insulin (FI) and insulin sensitivity remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether vegetarian diets were associated with FI and insulin sensitivity in a cross-sectional study in Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores and then to test whether it is independent of body mass index (BMI).

METHODS AND RESULTS

This study included 279 vegetarians (73 vegans, 206 lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and 279 age- and sex-matched omnivores. Fasting blood glucose (FG) and FI concentrations were measured, and β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity. All blood glucose and insulin sensitivity indices were naturally log-transformed, and multiple-linear regression was used to determine the association between vegetarian diet patterns and insulin sensitivity after adjusting for confounders including BMI, visceral fat area, physical activity, sedentary time, income, alcohol consumption, and daily dietary intakes of macronutrients. Compared to omnivores, both vegan diet [β = -0.25, 95% CI: (-0.38, -0.14)] and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet [β = -0.10, 95% CI: (-0.18, -0.01)] were negatively associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for BMI. Vegan diet remained negatively associated with FI [β = -0.16, 95% CI: (-0.30, -0.01)] and HOMA-IR [β = -0.17, 95% CI: (-0.32, -0.03)] after adjusting for all confounders.

CONCLUSION

Vegetarian diet, especially vegan diet, is negatively associated with FI and IR, independent of BMI.

Prophage Diversity of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Strains in California

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive citrus disease and is associated with a nonculturable bacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in the United States was first found in Florida in 2005 and is now endemic there. In California, 'Ca. L. asiaticus' was first detected in Hacienda Heights in Los Angeles County in 2012 and has now been detected in multiple urban locations in southern California. Knowledge of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strain diversity in California is important for HLB management. In this study, genomic diversity among 10 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains from six California locations were analyzed using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) (Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq) approach. Draft genome sequences of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains were assembled. Sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and nrdB confirmed 'Ca. L. asiaticus' identity. Prophages were detected in all 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains. The California 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains formed four prophage typing groups (PTGs): PTG1, with type 1 prophage only (strains from Anaheim, San Gabriel, and Riverside); PTG2, with type 2 prophage only (strains from Hacienda Heights); PTG1-3, with both type 1 and 3 prophages (a strain from Cerritos); and PTG1-2, with both type 1 and type 2 prophages (a strain from La Habra). Analyses of the terL sequence showed that all California 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains were not introduced from Florida but likely from locations in Asia. Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements were found in all 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains, yet, a jumping-out event was detected in the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strain from Cerritos. Altogether, this study demonstrated that the NGS approach focusing on prophage variation was sensitive and effective in revealing diversity of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains in California.

A new clinical staging system for esophageal cancer to predict survival after definitive chemoradiation or radiotherapy

This study is to evaluate the prognostic value of a new clinical staging system for esophageal cancer to predict survival after (chemo)radiotherapy. This retrospective study enrolled 444 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy between January 2008 and May 2014. A clinical staging system based on the gross tumor volume and maximum diameter of metastatic lymph nodes was developed and the prognostic value of this staging system was compared with that of the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system. The 3-year survival rate in the whole group was 44.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that gross tumor volume and maximum diameter of metastatic lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors. According to the proposed clinical staging system, the 3-year survival curves of each T, N, and TNM stage were well segregated. On the other hand, 3-year survival rates based on the 8th edition of cTNM staging system were similar between cT3 and cT4, cN1 and cN2, cN2, and cN3, III and IVa stages.The proposed clinical staging system appears to be a simple and accurate predictor of outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent definitive (chemo) intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Single-Loop Realization of Arbitrary Nonadiabatic Holonomic Single-Qubit Quantum Gates in a Superconducting Circuit

Geometric phases are noise resilient, and thus provide a robust way towards high-fidelity quantum manipulation. Here we experimentally demonstrate arbitrary nonadiabatic holonomic single-qubit quantum gates for both a superconducting transmon qubit and a microwave cavity in a single-loop way. In both cases, an auxiliary state is utilized, and two resonant microwave drives are simultaneously applied with well-controlled but varying amplitudes and phases for the arbitrariness of the gate. The resulting gates on the transmon qubit achieve a fidelity of 0.996 characterized by randomized benchmarking and the ones on the cavity show an averaged fidelity of 0.978 based on a full quantum process tomography. In principle, a nontrivial two-qubit holonomic gate between the qubit and the cavity can also be realized based on our presented experimental scheme. Our experiment thus paves the way towards practical nonadiabatic holonomic quantum manipulation with both qubits and cavities in a superconducting circuit.

[Comparison of efficacy between sorafenib and sunitinib as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and analyze prognostic factors for survival]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and drug related adverse reactions of sorafenib and sunitinib as first-line tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and analyze the clinical prognostic factor for survival. Methods: The data of 271 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had complete clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed, including 174 cases in sorafenib group and 97 cases in sunitinib group, to access patients' overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Prognostic values of all characteristics were determined by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Results: The objective response rates (ORR) of the sorafenib and sunitinib groups were 14.9% and 19.6%, respectively, and the disease control rates (DCR) were 85.1% and 88.6%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the sorafenib and sunitinib group in ORR (P=0.325) or DCR (P=0.408). The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events in the sorafenib group were hand-foot syndrome (6.7%), diarrhea (2.3%), and rash (2.3%). The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events in the sunitinib group were neutropenia (6.2%), hand-foot syndrome (6.2%), and thrombocytopenia (4.6%). During the follow-up, 97 cases death occurred and 81 cases disease progression occurred in sorafenib group. The median PFS was 12 months (95% CI: 9-15 months), and the median OS was 25 months (95% CI: 21-29 months) in sorafenib group. While 74 cases death occurred and 40 cases disease progression occurred in sunitinib group, the median PFS was 12 months (95% CI: 10-12 months) and the median OS was 23 months (95% CI: 20-32 months) in sunitinib group. No significant difference was found between the sorafenib and the sunitinib group in PFS (P=0.771) or OS (P=0.548). Multivariate analysis showed Fuhrman grades (HR=1.358, 95%CI: 1.004-1.835), number of metastatic sites (HR=1.550, 95%CI: 1.143-2.101) and MSKCC risk grade (Intermediate risk group: HR=1.621, 95%CI: 1.117-2.232; Poor risk group: HR=2.890, 95%CI: 1.942-4.298) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Fuhrman grades (HR=2.135, 95%CI: 1.533-2.974), number of metastatic sites (HR=1.774, 95%CI: 1.279-2.461) and MSKCC risk grade (Intermediate risk group: HR=1.415, 95%CI: 1.002-1.998; Poor risk group: HR=3.161, 95%CI: 2.065-4.838) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that sorafenib and sunitinib are both effective as the first-line TKIs for mRCC patients and sorafenib has comparable efficacy to sunitinib. But they have differences in the incidence of adverse effects. Fuhrman grades, number of metastatic sites and MSKCC risk grade are independent prognostic factors for mRCC patients.

Direct manipulation of metallic nanosheets by shear force microscopy

Micro/nanomanipulation is a rapidly growing technology and holds promising applications in various fields, including photonic/electronic devices, chemical/biosensors etc. In this work, we present that shear force microscopy (ShFM) can be exploited to manipulate metallic nanosheets besides imaging. The manipulation is realized via controlling the shear force sensor probe position and shear force magnitude based on our homemade ShFM system under an optical microscopy for in situ observation. The main feature of the ShFM system is usage of a piezoelectric bimorph sensor, which has the ability of self-excitation and detection. Moreover, the shear force magnitude as a function of the spring constant of the sensor and setpoint is obtained, which indicates that operation modes can be switched between imaging and manipulation through designing the spring constant before experiment and changing the setpoint during manipulation process, respectively. We believe that this alternative manipulation technique could be used to assemble other nanostructures with different shapes, sizes and compositions for new properties and wider applications.

Limited Sampling Strategy for Estimating Mycophenolic Acid Exposure on Day 7 Post-Transplant for Two Mycophenolate Mofetil Formulations Derived From 20 Chinese Renal Transplant Recipients

PURPOSE

To assess the pharmacokinetic properties of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dispersible tablets and capsules by the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) in Chinese kidney transplant recipients in the early post-transplantation phase and to develop the equations to predict mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the 12-hour concentration-time curve (AUC_0-12h) using a limited sampling strategy (LSS).

METHODS

Forty patients who underwent renal transplantation from brain-dead donors were randomly divided into dispersible tablets (Sai KE Ping; Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharma) and capsules (Cellcept; Roche Pharma, Why, NSW, Australia) groups, and treated with MMF combined with combination tacrolimus and prednisone as a basic immunosuppressive regimen. Blood samples were collected before treatment (0) and at 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours post-treatment and 7 days after renal transplantation. Plasma MPA concentrations were measured using EMIT. LSS equations were identified using multiple stepwise linear regression analysis.

RESULTS

The peak concentration (C_max) in the MMF dispersible tablets (MMFdt) group (7.0 ± 2.8) mg/L was reduced compared with that in the MMF capsules (MMFc) group (10.8 ± 6.2 mg/L; P = .012); time to peak concentration in the MMFdt group was 3.2 ± 2.3 hours, which was nonsignificantly elevated compared with that of the MMFc group (2.2 ± 1.7 hours). Three-point estimation formulas were generated by multiple linear regression for both groups: MPA-AUC_MMFdt = 3.542 + 3.332C_0.5h + 1.117C_1.5h + 3.946C_4h (adjusted r² = 0.90, P < .001); MPA-AUC_MMFc = 8.149 + 1.442C_2h + 1.056C_4h + 7.133C_6h (adjusted r² = 0.88, P < .001). Both predicted and measured AUCs showed good consistency.

CONCLUSIONS

After treatment with MMF dispersible tables or MMF capsules, the C_max of MPA for the MMFdt group was significantly lower than that of the MMFc group; there was no significant difference in other pharmacokinetic parameters. Three-time point equations can be used as a predictable measure of the AUC_0-12h of MPA.

Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) inhibits intestinal inflammation through regulation of epithelial barrier function

Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Our results demonstrated that SNIP1 was markedly decreased in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) from IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Impaired expression of SNIP1 caused a significant decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance but an increase of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux in Caco-2 monolayers, whereas overexpression of SNIP1 reversed such effects. Overexpression of SNIP1 also inhibited the activity of NF-κB p65 and proinflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) by IEC. Importantly, supplementation of exogenous SNIP1 significantly ameliorated intestinal mucosal inflammation in experimental colitis, characterized by less-severe intestinal epithelial barrier damage and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. Our data thus demonstrated a novel mechanism whereby SNIP1 regulates intestinal inflammation through modulating intestinal epithelial barrier function. Targeting SNIP1 may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD.

Cluster Crystals Stabilized by Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions

Cluster crystals are crystalline materials in which each site is occupied by multiple identical particles, atoms, colloids, or polymers. There are two classes of systems that make cluster crystals. One is composed of particles that interact via potentials that are bound at the origin and thus are able to penetrate each other. The other consists of non-interpenetrating particles whose interaction potential diverges at the origin. The goal of this work is to find which systems of the second class can make cluster crystals that are stable at room temperature. First, the general properties of the required potentials are established using an analytical model and Monte Carlo simulations. Next, we ask how such potentials can be constructed by combining hydrophobic attraction and electrostatic repulsion. A colloid model with a hard-sphere core and a repulsive wall is introduced to mimic the hydrophobic interaction. Charge is added to create long-range repulsion. A search in the parameter space of the colloid size, counterion type, and charge configuration uncovers several models for which effective colloid-colloid interaction, determined in explicit solvent as a potential of mean force, has the necessary shape. For the effective potential, cluster crystals are confirmed as low free-energy configurations in replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations, which also generate the respective transition temperature. The model that exhibits a transition above room temperature is further studied in explicit solvent. Simulations on a 10 ns time scale show that crystalline conformations are stable below the target temperature but disintegrate rapidly above it, supporting the idea that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are sufficient to induce an assembly of cluster crystals. Finally, we discuss which physical systems are good candidates for experimental observations of cluster crystals.

[Applied research of "quadri-low" combined with automatic tube current modulation and iterative model reconstruction technology in head and neck CT angiography]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of low tube voltage, low contrast medium concentration, injection rate and volume (quadri-low) combined with automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) and iterative model reconstruction (IMR) technology in head and neck CT angiography (CTA). Methods: A total of 70 patients whose body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m(2) underwent head and neck CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) from January to July 2017 were enrolled in this prospective study. According to random number table, patients were divided into two groups: group A (n=35) was scanned according to the protocol of 120 kV, 150 mAs, 50 ml and 5 ml/s iopromide (370 mg/ml) and filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction; group B (n=35) was scanned with 80 kV, ATCM with mean tube current of 100 mAs, 30 ml and 3 ml/s iohexol (300 mg/ml) and IMR; the other parameters kept consistent between the two groups. The maximum transverse neck diameter at the level of the hyoid bone, artery CT value and image noise were measured, signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM) were calculated, and the image quality was evaluated subjectively and compared with those reconstructed by DSA. Scan length, volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded, and the effective dose (ED) was calculated. The chi-square and independent-sample t tests were used to compare the inter-group differences in these aforementioned data. Resutls: No significant difference was found in general information between the two groups. No significant difference existed in artery CT value, image noise, SNR and CNR between the two groups (t=-1.170-1.365, all P>0.05); however, the FOM of group B (74±40) was significantly higher than that in group A (12±4) (Z=-7.195, P=0.000). The image quality of the two groups met the requirement of clinical diagnosis[(4.1±0.7) vs (4.2±0.8) points, Z=-0.592, P>0.05], no significant difference was found in subjective evaluation and diagnostic efficacy. The CTDIvol, DLP and ED in group B were all significantly lower than those in group A (Z=-7.728, -7.202, -7.206, all P<0.05). The iodine load and iodine delivery rate (IDR) of group B was lower than that of group A (18.5 g vs 9.0 g, 1.85 mg/s vs 0.90 mg/s), and they were reduced for 51.4% in group B. Conclusions: For patients of BMI <25 kg/m(2,) low tube voltage, low contrast medium concentration, injection rate and volume combined with ATCM and IMR technology can significantly decrease radiation dose, iodine load and IDR while maintain the image quality in head and neck CTA examination.

Assessment of serum Golgi protein 73 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection

Transient elastography (TE) is accurate in staging fibrosis noninvasively. However, a reliable serum biomarker with comparable accuracy is also important, especially when TE is unreliable/unavailable. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) for significant fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. A total of 801 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD; 492 chronic HBV infection and 309 non-HBV liver disease) with liver biopsy performance were enrolled. Healthy controls (n = 180) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients (n = 85) were included for comparisons. Liver biopsy was used as the reference method for fibrosis staging. Serum GP73 level was measured in duplicate in double-blind fashion. Serum GP73 was highest in HCC but also significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B than in healthy controls. The elevation of serum GP73 in non-HCC patients was significantly associated with the presence of significant fibrosis independently of ALT level, liver stiffness (LS) value, inflammation grade and other confounding factors. The diagnostic performance of serum GP73 was accurate in antiviral-naïve HBV patients (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC], 0.76 95% CI: 0.72-0.81) but not in patients with ongoing antiviral treatment (AUROC, 0.60). The utility of serum GP73 was also confirmed in non-HBV CLD (AUROC, 0.80 95% CI: 0.75-0.85). Serum GP73 was comparable to LS (AUROC, 0.78 95% CI: 0.73-0.82) and significantly better than AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) (AUROC, 0.67 95% CI: 0.62-0.72) and FIB-4 (AUROC, 0.68 95% CI: 0.63-0.73). In conclusion, serum GP73 is an accurate serum marker for significant fibrosis in chronic HBV infection, with higher accuracy than APRI and FIB-4. Serum GP73 is potentially a complementary tool for TE when evaluating the necessity of antiviral treatment, particularly in patients without definite antiviral indication.

Feasibility study of iterative model reconstruction combined with low tube voltage, low iodine load, and low iodine delivery rate in craniocervical CT angiography

AIM

To investigate the feasibility of iterative model reconstruction (IMR) combined with low tube voltage, low iodine load, and low iodine deliver rate in craniocervical computed tomography angiography (CTA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=30 for each): group A: 120 kVp, 50 ml of iopromide at a flow rate of 5 ml/s; filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction; group B: 80 kVp, 30 ml of iohexol at 4.5 ml/s; hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) for group B1 and IMR for group B2. CT attenuation values, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), subjective image quality, effective dose (ED), iodine load, and iodine delivery rate (IDR) were compared.

RESULTS

CT attenuation values of the arteries were higher in groups B1 and B2 than group A. The SNR and CNR were higher, while image noise was lower, for group B2 compared with groups B1 and A. The best subjective image quality was obtained with group B2. ED, iodine load, and IDR reduction of 69.6%, 51.4%, 27%, respectively, was obtained in group B compared with group A.

CONCLUSION

IMR combined with 80 kVp and 30 ml of iohexol at a flow rate of 4.5 ml/s for craniocervical CTA can reduce ED, iodine load, and IDR, while improving image quality.

[The construction of three-dimensional visualization platform and its application in diagnosis and treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the construction and clinical efficacy of three-dimensional(3D) visualization platform about diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

METHODS

From January 2009 to December 2015, a total of 32 patients with hilarcholangiocarcinoma treated in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University were analyzed.There were 20 male and 12 female patients aged from 40 to 85 years. Bismuth-Corlette 3D visualization type: 2 cases with type Ⅰ, 5 cases with type Ⅱ, 10 cases with type Ⅲa, 11 cases with type Ⅲb, 4 cases with type Ⅳ.Among 32 cases, there were 5 cases who were established liver 3D printing models to guide intraoperative real-time navigation.The clinical effect of this platform was evaluated by the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, laboratory test and postoperative complications.The 3D visualization platform consists of the preoperative surgical planning with the aid of virtual 3D reconstruction technology and intraoperative real-time navigation with 3D printing models.

RESULTS

The liver 3D models for all patients were constructed successfully, they could clearly show intrahepatic pipeline, size and location of tumors, relationship between tumor and intrahepatic pipeline.The 3D printing models could accomplish real-time intraoperative navigation surgery with strong stereoscopic sense.According to Bismuth classification 3D visualization type, 2 patients with type Ⅰ received local excision of tumor and choledochojejunostomy; 5 patients with type Ⅱ received resection of segment Ⅰ, Ⅳb and partial Ⅴ combined with choledochojejunostomy; 10 patients with type Ⅲa received right semi-hepatectomy combined with resection of segment Ⅰ and choledochojejunostomy; 11 cases with type Ⅲb received left semi-hepatectomy combined with resection of segment Ⅰ and choledochojejunostomy; 4 cases with type Ⅳ received resection of segment Ⅳb and Ⅴ combined with choledochojejunostomy.The operation time was 270-660 minutes; the mean intraoperative blood loss was 588 ml; the mean postoperative hospital stay was 25 days.The bilirubin level three day after operation was 233 μmol/L.There was 1 case presented biliary fistula and cured by conservative treatment; there was no incision infection, no liver failure and no perioperative deaths occurred.

CONCLUSION

The 3D visualization is valuable for optimizing the operation scheme preoperatively and navigating surgery accurately intraoperatively in real-time which may improve the precision of the operation and achieve better the recovery.

Cyclotron production and radiochemical separation of 55Co and 58mCo from 54Fe, 58Ni and 57Fe targets

This work presents the production with a cyclotron of the positron emitter ⁵⁵Co via the ⁵⁴Fe(d,n) and ⁵⁸Ni(p,α) reactions and the Auger electron emitter ^58mCo via the ⁵⁷Fe(d,n) reaction after high current (40μA p and 60μA d) irradiation on electroplated targets. High specific activity radionuclides (up to 55.6 GBq/μmol ⁵⁵Co and 31.8GBq/μmol ^58mCo) with high radionuclidic purity (99.995% ⁵⁵Co from ⁵⁴Fe, 98.8% ⁵⁵Co from ⁵⁸Ni, and 98.7% ^58mCo from ⁵⁷Fe at end of bombardment, EoB), in high activity concentration (final separated radionuclide in < 0.6mL) and with almost quantitative overall activity separation yield (> 92%) were obtained after processing of the irradiated targets with novel radiochemical separation methods based on HCl dissolution and the resin N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-2-ethylhexyldiglycolamide (DGA, branched). One hour long irradiations using 38-65, 110-214 and 59-78mg of enriched ⁵⁴Fe (99.93%), ⁵⁸Ni (99.48%) and ⁵⁷Fe (95.06%), respectively, electroplated over a 1.0cm² surface, yielded 58² ± 66MBq ⁵⁵Co, 372 ± 14MBq ⁵⁵Co and 810 ± 186MBq ^58mCo, respectively, decay corrected to EoB. The separation methods allow for the recovery of the costly enriched target materials, which were reconstituted into metallic targets after novel electroplating methods, with an overall recycling efficiency of 93 ± 4% for iron. The produced radionuclides were used to radiolabel the angiogenesis marker antibody TRC105 conjugated to the chelator NOTA as a demonstration of their quality.

Management of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula after esophageal atresia and follow-up

Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (rTEF) is a complex complication after the repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and remains a challenge because of difficulties in preoperative management and the substantial rates of mortality and morbidity after reoperation. By reviewing a single institution's experience in the management of rTEF and assessing the outcome, we aimed to provide an optimal approach for managing rTEF and to evaluate growth and feeding problems after reoperations. The medical records of 35 patients with rTEF treated at a single institution from June 2012 to December 2015 were reviewed, and follow-up data were collected from all survivors. The diagnosis of rTEF was made using a modified esophagram in 32 of 35 patients. Before reoperation, all patients received continuous aspiration to prevent reflux and aspiration pneumonia by placing two nasogastric tubes at the level of the fistula and into the stomach, and they received enteral nutrition through a jejunal feeding tube. Thirty-five patients received a total of 41 reoperations, including 12 operations of fistula resection, 28 reanastomosis, and 1 esophageal replacement. The incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak (AL), anastomotic stricture (AS), and repeat recurrences was 40.0%, 17.1%, and 11.4%, respectively. The mortality rate was 8.6%. All survivors achieved full oral intake. Mid-term follow-up (median of 18 months) revealed that 7 (21.9%) presented prolonged meal time, 6 (18.8%) had feeding refusal, 8 (25.0%) experienced coughing during feeding, and 7 (21.9%) had vomiting during feeding. According to the growth data, 5 survivors (15.6%) presented with growth retardation, including stunting (n = 1), wasting (n = 2), and underweight (n = 2). The modified esophagram is an effective and reliable method for diagnosing rTEF. Optimized preoperative management and surgical techniques lead to a satisfactory outcome. Nevertheless, nutritional evaluation and feeding guidance by a nutritionist after reoperation are recommended.

Application of data mining techniques to explore predictors of upper urinary tract damage in patients with neurogenic bladder

This study proposed a decision tree model to screen upper urinary tract damage (UUTD) for patients with neurogenic bladder (NGB). Thirty-four NGB patients with UUTD were recruited in the case group, while 78 without UUTD were included in the control group. A decision tree method, classification and regression tree (CART), was then applied to develop the model in which UUTD was used as a dependent variable and history of urinary tract infections, bladder management, conservative treatment, and urodynamic findings were used as independent variables. The urethra function factor was found to be the primary screening information of patients and treated as the root node of the tree; Pabd max (maximum abdominal pressure, >14 cmH₂O), Pves max (maximum intravesical pressure, ≤89 cmH₂O), and gender (female) were also variables associated with UUTD. The accuracy of the proposed model was 84.8%, and the area under curve was 0.901 (95%CI=0.844-0.958), suggesting that the decision tree model might provide a new and convenient way to screen UUTD for NGB patients in both undeveloped and developing areas.

[The present status and future prospects of application of digital medical technology in general surgery in China]

It has been almost 10 years since digital medical technology has started to becommonly used in general surgery in China.Led by advances in three dimensional(3D) visualization technology, virtual reality, simulation surgery, and 3D printing, digital medical technology have played important roles in changing the current practice of general surgery in China to become more effective by improving diagnostic accuracy and a better choice of therapeutic procedure with a resultant increased surgical success rate and a decreased surgical risks.Furthermore, education of medical students and young doctors become better and easier.

Hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression induced spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma formation in mice

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the direct causative effect of COX-2 in spontaneous HCC formation remains unknown. We thus investigate the role and molecular pathogenesis of COX-2 in HCC by using liver-specific COX-2 transgenic (TG) mice. We found spontaneous HCC formation with elevated inflammatory infiltrates and neovessels in male TG mice (3/21, 14.3%), but not in any of male WT mice (0/19). Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and gene expression microarrays were performed in the HCC tumor and non-HCC liver tissues to investigate the molecular mechanisms of COX-2-driven HCC. By RRBS, DNA promoter hypermethylation was identified in HCC from TG mice. Induction of promoter hypermethylation was associated with reduced tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) expression by COX-2. TET1 could catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and prevents DNA hypermethylation. In keeping with this, loss of 5hmC was demonstrated in COX-2-induced HCC. Consistently, COX-2 overexpression in human HCC cell lines could reduce both TET1 expression and 5hmc levels. Integrative analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles further identified significantly downregulated genes including LTBP1, ADCY5 and PRKCZ by promoter methylation in COX-2-induced HCC. Reduced expression of LTBP1, ADCY5 and PRKCZ by promoter hypermethylation was further validated in human HCCs. Bio-functional investigation revealed that LTBP1 inhibited cell proliferation in HCC cell lines, suggesting its potential role as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Gene expression microarrays revealed that signaling cascades (AKT (protein kinase B), STK33 (Serine/Threonine kinase 33) and MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathways) were enriched in COX-2-induced HCC. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that enhanced COX-2 expression in hepatocytes is sufficient to induce HCC through inducing promoter hypermethylation by reducing TET1, silencing tumor-suppressive genes and activating key oncogenic pathways. Inhibition of COX-2 represents a mechanism-based target for HCC prevention.

Narcissus yellow stripe virus and Narcissus mosaic virus detection in Narcissus via multiplex TaqMan-based reverse transcription-PCR assay

AIMS

Development of a multiplex TaqMan RT-qPCR assay to simultaneously detect Narcissus yellow stripe virus (NYSV) and Narcissus mosaic virus (NMV), frequently causing mixed narcissus infection. Feasibility verification was confirmed in natural samples.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Primers and probes were designed based on the conserved CP gene regions of NYSV or NMV and their suitability for singleplex and multiplex TaqMan RT-qPCR assays as well as for conventional RT-PCR. Conventional RT-PCR, singleplex and multiplex TaqMan RT-qPCR assays proved to be NYSV and NMV specific. P-values and coefficients of variation of TaqMan RT-qPCR assays indicated high reproducibility. Significantly increased sensitivity was achieved compared to conventional RT-PCR. The detection limit of both viruses was 10³ copies with superior correlation coefficients and linear standard curve responses between plasmid concentrations and Ct values. NYSV and NMV infection of narcissus leaves, petals and bulbs could successfully be detected via our multiplex RT-qPCR method at 1·25 mg.

CONCLUSION

Our multiplex TaqMan RT-qPCR assay provides rapid, specific, sensitive and reliable testing to simultaneously detect NYSV and NMV, supplying useful routine monitoring for different narcissus samples.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

Efficient identification and discrimination of the narcissus viruses provides reliable information for scientists and conventional growers. Furthermore, it enriches the information of NYSV, NMV and other narcissus viruses.

Structural and magnetic properties and DFT analysis of ZnO:(Al,Er) nanoparticles

The structural and magnetic properties of the investigated ZnO : (Al, Er) nanoparticle powders synthesized by hydrothermal method.

[Predictor measures on CT for hematoma expansion following acute intracerebral hemorrhage]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the worth of solid predictors in acute intracerebral hematoma(ICH) expansions in computer tomography images.

METHODS

A total of 105 patients with acute ICH in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University during January 2012 to February 2015 were enrolled. CT plain scan, CTA within 6 hours since the symptoms and CT plain scan recheck within 24 hours were executed. Hematoma location, initial volume of hematoma, shape of hematoma, "spot sign" , UHG speed were analyzed with single factor and binary Logistic regression between the patients with and without hematoma expansion.

RESULTS

There were 30 cases with hematoma expansion and 75 cases with no hematoma expansion in 105 patients. In single factor comparisons, hematoma location(χ(2) =13.125, P<0.05), hematoma shape(χ(2) =23.987, P<0.05), spot sign(χ(2) =25.846, P<0.05), UHG speed(χ(2) =20.328, P<0.05) and the initial hematoma volume(t=-3.183, P<0.05) between the hematoma expansions and the non-hematoma expansions made significant differences. In binary Logistic regression, hematoma shape(irregular (P=0.033) and cleavage(P=0.009)), spot sign(P=0.000) and UHG speed(P=0.040) had significant differences between the two groups. ROC curve areas of hematoma shape, spot sign and UHG speed were 0.776(95%CI 0.682-0.870), 0.740(95%CI 0.625-0.855) and 0.720(95% CI 0.604-0.836). The high specificities of hematoma shape(84%), spot sign (88%)and UHG speed(84%)revealed their great reliabilities with equal sensitivity (60%).

CONCLUSION

Hematoma shape, spot sign and UHG speed are solid predictors of hematoma expansion among which spot sign has promising specificity, hematoma shape and UHG speed are more convenient to be observed.

Softness and non-spherical shape define the phase behavior and the structural properties of lysozyme in aqueous solutions

In this study, Boltzmann inversion is applied in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations to derive inter-molecular potential for protein lysozyme in aqueous solution directly from experimental static structure factor. The potential has a soft repulsion at short distances and an attraction well at intermediate distances that give rise to the liquid-liquid phase separation. Moreover, Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that a non-spherical description of lysozyme is better suited to correctly reproduce the experimentally observed properties of such a phase separation. Our findings shed new light on the common problem in molecular and cell biology: "How to model proteins in their natural aqueous environments?"

Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Levels as a Biomarker of Lipodystrophy Among HIV-infected Patients Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Lipodystrophy is a common complication in HIV-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. Its early diagnosis is crucial for timely modification of antiretroviral therapy. We hypothesize that mitochondrial DNA in plasma may be a potential marker of LD in HIV-infected individuals. In this study, we compared plasma mitochondrial DNA levels in HIV-infected individuals and non-HIV-infected individuals to investigate its potential diagnostic value. Total plasma DNA was extracted from 67 HIV-infected patients at baseline and 12, 24 and 30 months after initiating antiretroviral therapy. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the mitochondrial DNA levels in plasma. Lipodystrophy was defined by the physician-assessed presence of lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy in one or more body regions. The mitochondrial DNA levels in plasma were significantly higher at baseline in HIV-infected individuals than in non-HIV-infected individuals (p<0.05). At month 30, 33 out of 67 patients (49.2%) showed at least one sign of lipodystrophy. The mean plasma mitochondrial DNA levels in lipodystrophy patients were significantly higher compared to those without lipodystrophy at month 24 (p<0.001). The receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated that using plasma mitochondrial DNA level (with cut-off value <5.09 log10 copies/ml) as a molecular marker allowed identification of patients with lipodystrophy with a sensitivity of 64.2% and a specificity of 73.0%. Our data suggest that mitochondrial DNA levels may help to guide therapy selection with regards to HIV lipodystrophy risk.

A Pilot Metabolic Profiling Study of Patients With Neonatal Jaundice and Response to Phototherapy

Phototherapy has been widely used in treating neonatal jaundice, but detailed metabonomic profiles of neonatal jaundice patients and response to phototherapy have not been characterized. Our aim was to depict the serum metabolic characteristics of neonatal jaundice patients relative to controls and changes in response to phototherapy. A (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic approach was employed to study the metabolic profiling of serum from healthy infants (n = 25) and from infants with neonatal jaundice (n = 30) pre- and postphototherapy. The acquired data were processed by multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The PLS-DA and OPLS-DA model identified nine metabolites capable of distinguishing patients from controls. In addition, 28 metabolites such as β-glucose, α-glucose, valine, and pyruvate changed in response to phototherapy. This study offers useful information on metabolic disorders in neonatal jaundice patients and the effects of phototherapy on lipids, amino acid, and energy metabolism.

Determination of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in breast milk of healthy women by digital PCR

Breast milk is one of the most important sources of postnatal microbes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is currently used for the quantitative analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in breast milk. However, this method relies on the use of standard curves and is imprecise when quantitating target DNA of low abundance. In contrast, droplet digital PCR (DD-PCR) provides an absolute quantitation without the need for calibration curves. A comparison between DD-PCR and qRT-PCR was conducted for the quantitation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 16S RNA genes in human breast milk, and the impacts of selected maternal factors were studied on the composition of these two bacteria in breast milk. From this study, DD-PCR reported between 0-34,460 16S rRNA gene copies of Bifidobacterium genera and between 1,108-634,000 16S rRNA gene copies of Lactobacillus genera in 1 ml breast milk. The 16S rRNA gene copy number of Lactobacillus genera was much greater than that of Bifidobacterium genera in breast milk. DD-PCR showed a 10-fold lower limit of quantitation as compared to qRT-PCR. A higher correlation and agreement was observed between qRT-PCR and DD-PCR in Lactobacillus quantitation as compared to Bifidobacterium quantitation. Based on our DD-PCR quantitation, a low abundance of Bifidobacterium bacteria in breast milk was correlated to higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). However, no significant difference was observed for these two bacteria in breast milk between mothers who had vaginal deliveries and caesarean deliveries. This study suggests that DD-PCR is a better tool to quantitate the bacterial load of breast milk compared to the conventional qRT-PCR method. The number of breast milk Bifidobacterium bacteria is influenced by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI.

IL10 inhibits starvation-induced autophagy in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via cross talk between the IL10-IL10R-STAT3 and IL10-AKT-mTOR pathways

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a serious skin fibrotic disease characterized by excessive hypercellularity and extracellular matrix (ECM) component deposition. Autophagy is a tightly regulated physiological process essential for cellular maintenance, differentiation, development, and homeostasis. Previous studies show that IL10 has potential therapeutic benefits in terms of preventing and reducing HS formation. However, no studies have examined IL10-mediated autophagy during the pathological process of HS formation. Here, we examined the effect of IL10 on starvation-induced autophagy and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy in HS-derived fibroblasts (HSFs) under starvation conditions. Immunostaining and PCR analysis revealed that a specific component of the IL10 receptor, IL10 alpha-chain (IL10Rα), is expressed in HSFs. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis revealed that IL10 inhibited starvation-induced autophagy and induced the expression of p-AKT and p-STAT3 in HSFs in a dose-dependent manner. Blocking IL10R, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-STAT3 using specific inhibitors (IL10RB, LY294002, rapamycin, and cryptotanshinone, respectively) showed that IL10 inhibited autophagy via IL10Rα-mediated activation of STAT3 (the IL10R-STAT3 pathway) and by directly activating the AKT-mTOR pathway. Notably, these results suggest that IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy is facilitated by the cross talk between STAT3, AKT, and mTOR; in other words, the IL10-IL10R-STAT3 and IL10-AKT-mTOR pathways. Finally, the results also indicate that mTOR-p70S6K is the molecule upon which these two pathways converge to induce IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy in starved HSFs. In summary, the findings reported herein shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy and suggest that IL10 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HS.

Direct sequencing and analysis of the genomes of newly emerging GII.17 norovirus strains in South China

AIMS

This study aims to develop a quick and sensitive method for obtaining GII.17 norovirus genome sequences based on a novel amplification strategy.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Based on multiple alignments of GII.17 norovirus genome sequences available in GenBank, a set of primer pairs were first rationally designed, which could amplify six overlapping fragments encompassing the whole genome. Two sequencing primers II.17-Seq1R and II.17-Seq6F were also designed to complement sequences at both ends. The sensitivity of new primers was then evaluated by end-point dilution RT-PCR that was comparable to detection primers G2SKF/G2SKR. In practice, genome sequences of nine Guangzhou GII.17 strains were successfully obtained by the new method in one working day. All genomes comprised 7495 nucleotides with three complete ORFs, and their phylogenetic relationships were verified with other GII norovirus reference strains.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the new amplification strategy, a quick and sensitive method for direct sequencing of GII.17 norovirus genomes was successfully established.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

The newly developed method can be used as an important tool to collect genetic information of GII.17 noroviruses, and new obtained viral genomes in Guangzhou also provide reference data for norovirus research in future.

Abstract P4-08-03: DEAD-box RNA helicase DP103 as a novel regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promotes cancer stem cell-like behavior in triple negative breast cancers

Despite recent advances in breast cancer therapeutics, mortality of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype remains high; due to their lack of hormone receptors expression for targeted therapy. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been associated with breast cancers; where 40% of total breast cancers have elevated β-catenin levels with increased Wnt activity. Recently, we identified DEAD-box RNA helicase DP103 as a novel prognostic biomarker and metastasis-driving oncogene; highly expressed in TNBC subtype. Interestingly, we found high DP103 expression to be positively correlated with high β-catenin expression in clinical specimens (n=400). This led us to hypothesize a possible role of DP103 in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in TNBCs. Depletion of DP103 in metastatic TNBC cells decreases Wnt/β-catenin activity and expression of downstream Wnt target genes, while overexpression of DP103 increases Wnt activity. Depletion of DP103 also decreases phosphorylation of LRP6 and several important Wnt modulators required for downstream Wnt activation. Moreover, induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Wnt responsive TNBC cells also significantly increased DP103 expression, indicating a possible positive feedback loop. Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling is known to independently promote stem cell growth in mammospheres. Herein, we will also provide evidence on the role of DP103 in promoting breast cancer stem cell-like properties. Collectively, our data show a novel regulatory role of DP103 in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and in promoting breast cancer stem cell-like behavior, presenting itself as a potential drug target in TNBC patients.

Citation Format: Cai W, Cheong JK, Edison E, Banerjee A, Tan TZ, Gaboury L, Yousef EM, Thiery JP, Lobie PE, Virshup DM, Yap CT, Kumar AP. DEAD-box RNA helicase DP103 as a novel regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promotes cancer stem cell-like behavior in triple negative breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-03.

Long-term association between dairy consumption and risk of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Data from small-scale, short-term, clinical trials suggest a beneficial effect of dairy consumption on the risk of childhood obesity; however, the long-term association is unclear. Therefore, we aim to examine the longitudinal association between dairy consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE through March 2015. Additional studies were retrieved via Google Scholar or a hand review of the reference lists from relevant articles. Pooled associations of interest were estimated by using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity for each pooled analysis was evaluated by I(2) statistic as well as by Cochran's Q test. Publication bias was assessed by using both Egger's and Begg's tests.

RESULTS

Ten studies comprising 46,011 children and adolescents with an average 3-year follow-up were included. As compared with those who were in the lowest group of dairy consumption, children in the highest intake group were 38% less likely to have childhood overweight/obesity (pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.80). With each 1 serving/day increment in dairy consumption, the percentage of body fat was reduced by 0.65% (β=0.65; 95% CI: -1.35, 0.06; P=0.07), and the risk of overweight/obesity was 13% lower (OR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.98).

CONCLUSIONS

Accumulated evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests that dairy consumption is inversely and longitudinally associated with the risk of childhood overweight/obesity. Further studies are warranted to examine the types of dairy products in relation to the risk of childhood overweight/obesity.

Spectral properties and highly efficient continuous-wave laser operation in Nd-doped Sr(1-x)Y(x)F(2+x) crystals

Spectral properties of Nd:Sr(1-x)Y(x)F(2+x) crystals were investigated. Compared with Nd:SrF2, the spectral parameters of Nd:Sr(1-x)Y(x)F(2+x) (x=0.05,0.1) were altered in a large scale. LD-pumped true CW laser has been demonstrated in the crystals. The slope efficiency up to 43.5% in 0.43% Nd:Sr0.95Y0.05F2.05 was achieved. The system is a promising candidate for highly efficient lasers.

Effect of exercise combined with dietary intervention on obese children and adolescents associated with the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism

OBJECTIVE

Aim of this study was to investigate the association of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with the effects of the exercise and dietary intervention on obese adolescents and children in China.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Total 138 chinese children and adolescents (77 males and 61 females, aged 10-18 years) were recruited in the 2012 summer camp in Shanghai. Dietary and exercise intervention was performed for four weeks. Obesity related parameters were detected by the physical examination before and after four-week's intervention. Genotyping of the FTO rs9939609 was performed by using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. SPSS 19.0 were used to do the statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Finally, 135 campers were investigated in this study. The AA, AT and TT genotype frequencies of rs9939609 were 5.2%, 33.3% and 61.5%, respectively. The BMI in individuals with the genotype AA (or AT) was significantly higher compared with their with TT genotype (p = 0.044). The levels of body mass index (BMI), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), red blood cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HCT) in campers were significantly declined by the combined intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), RBC, HB, and HCT in the camper with genotype AA (or AT) were significantly decreased by the combined intervention compared with the camper with genotype TT (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The effects of exercise combined with dietary intervention on obesity were associated with the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in chinese adolescents and children.