26
|
Panzner MJ, Bilinovich SM, Youngs WJ, Leeper TC. Silver metallation of hen egg white lysozyme: X-ray crystal structure and NMR studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12479-81. [PMID: 22042312 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray crystal structure, NMR binding studies, and enzyme activity of silver(I) metallated hen egg white lysozyme are presented. Primary bonding of silver is observed through His15 with secondary bonding interactions coming from nearby Arg14 and Asp87. A covalently bound nitrate completes a four coordinate binding pocket.
Collapse
|
27
|
Leid JG, Ditto AJ, Knapp A, Shah PN, Wright BD, Blust R, Christensen L, Clemons CB, Wilber JP, Young GW, Kang AG, Panzner MJ, Cannon CL, Yun YH, Youngs WJ, Seckinger NM, Cope EK. In vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 67:138-48. [PMID: 21972270 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. Here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (SCCs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (NPs) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections. METHODS MIC, MBC and multidose experiments were conducted against a broad range of bacteria and fungi. Time-release and cytotoxicity studies of the compounds were also carried out. Free SCCs and SCC NPs were tested against a panel of medically important pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Klebsiella pneumoniae. RESULTS All four SCCs demonstrated strong efficacy in concentration ranges of 0.5-90 mg/L. Clinical bacterial isolates with high inherent resistance to purified compounds were more effectively treated either with an NP formulation of these compounds or by repeated dosing. Overall, the compounds were active against highly resistant bacterial strains, such as MRSA and MRAB, and were active against the biodefence pathogens Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis. All of the medically important bacterial strains tested play a role in many different infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS The four SCCs described here, including their development as NP therapies, show great promise for treating a wide variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens that are not easily killed by routine antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
|
28
|
Tun ZM, Heston AJ, Panzner MJ, Medvetz DA, Wright BD, Savant D, Dudipala VR, Banerjee D, Rinaldi PL, Youngs WJ, Tessier CA. Group 13 Lewis Acid Adducts of [PCl2N]3. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8937-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201075z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Bilinovich SM, Panzner MJ, Youngs WJ, Leeper TC. Poly[[{μ(3)-2-[4-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethane-sulfonato}-silver(I)] trihydrate]. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:m1178-9. [PMID: 22058835 PMCID: PMC3200587 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681103008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ethanesulfonic acid-based buffers like 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) are commonly used in biological experiments because of their ability to act as non-coordinating ligands towards metal ions. However, recent work has shown that some of these buffers may in fact coordinate metal ions. The title complex, {[Ag(C8H17N2O4S)]·3H2O}n, is a metal–organic framework formed from HEPES and a silver(I) ion. In this polymeric complex, each Ag atom is primarily coordinated by two N atoms in a distorted linear geometry. Weaker secondary bonding interactions from the hydroxy and sulfate O atoms of HEPES complete a distorted seesaw geometry. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Knapp AR, Panzner MJ, Medvetz DA, Wright BD, Tessier CA, Youngs WJ. Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes bearing a methyl benzoate substituent. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010; 364:125-131. [PMID: 21218156 PMCID: PMC3014616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the properties of silver as an antimicrobial, our research group has synthesized many different silver carbene complexes. Two new silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from 4,5-dichloroimidazole and theobromine bearing methyl benzoate substituents were synthesized by in situ carbene formation using silver acetate as the base in the reaction. The new compounds were fully characterized by several methods including NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Preliminary antimicrobial efficacy studies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were conducted. The results of this study demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy of the two complexes comparable to silver nitrate, showing their potential for use in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tun ZM, Panzner MJ, Scionti V, Medvetz D, Wesdemiotis C, Youngs WJ, Tessier C. Crown Ether Complexes of HPCl6. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17059-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1064697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Xu Y, Panzner MJ, Li X, Youngs WJ, Pang Y. Host–guest assembly of squaraine dye in cucurbit[8]uril: its implication in fluorescent probe for mercury ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4073-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c002219p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Ibricevic A, Brody SL, Youngs WJ, Cannon CL. ATP7B detoxifies silver in ciliated airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 243:315-22. [PMID: 20005242 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Silver is a centuries-old antibiotic agent currently used to treat infected burns. The sensitivity of a wide range of drug-resistant microorganisms to silver killing suggests that it may be useful for treating refractory lung infections. Toward this goal, we previously developed a methylated caffeine silver acetate compound, SCC1, that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of bacteria in vitro and when nebulized to lungs in mouse infection models. Preclinical testing of high concentrations of SCC1 in primary culture mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTEC) showed selective ciliated cell death. Ciliated cell death was induced by both silver- and copper-containing compounds but not by the methylated caffeine portion of SCC1. We hypothesized that copper transporting P-type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B, play a role in silver detoxification in the airway. In mTEC, ATP7A was expressed in non-ciliated cells, whereas ATP7B was expressed only in ciliated cells. The exposure of mTEC to SCC1 induced the trafficking of ATP7B, but not ATP7A, suggesting the presence of a cell-specific silver uptake and detoxification mechanisms. Indeed, the expression of the copper uptake protein CTR1 was also restricted to ciliated cells. A role of ATP7B in silver detoxification was further substantiated when treatment of SCC1 significantly increased cell death in ATP7B shRNA-treated HepG2 cells. In addition, mTEC from ATP7B(-/-) mice showed enhanced loss of ciliated cells compared to wild type. These studies are the first to demonstrate a cell type-specific expression of the Ag+/Cu+ transporters ATP7A, ATP7B, and CTR1 in airway epithelial cells and a role for ATP7B in detoxification of these metals in the lung.
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Hindi K, Watts KM, Taylor JB, Zhang K, Li Z, Hunstad DA, Cannon CL, Youngs WJ, Wooley KL. Shell crosslinked nanoparticles carrying silver antimicrobials as therapeutics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:121-3. [PMID: 20024313 DOI: 10.1039/b916559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles loaded with silver cations or/and N-heterocyclic carbene-silver complexes were assessed as antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
36
|
Panzner MJ, Hindi KM, Wright BD, Taylor JB, Han DS, Youngs WJ, Cannon CL. A theobromine derived silver N-heterocyclic carbene: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial efficacy studies on cystic fibrosis relevant pathogens. Dalton Trans 2009:7308-13. [PMID: 20449175 DOI: 10.1039/b907726j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pulmonary infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population has prompted the investigation of innovative silver based therapeutics. The functionalization of the naturally occurring xanthine theobromine at the N(1) nitrogen atom with an ethanol substituent followed by the methylation of the N(9) nitrogen atom gives the N-heterocyclic carbene precursor 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,7,9-trimethylxanthinium iodide. The reaction of this xanthinium salt with silver acetate produces the highly hydrophilic silver carbene complex SCC8. The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of this newly synthesized complex was evaluated with excellent results on a variety of virulent and MDR pathogens isolated from CF patients. A comparative in vivo study between the known caffeine derived silver carbene SCC1 and SCC8 demonstrated the ability of both complexes to improve the survival rates of mice in a pneumonia model utilizing the clinically isolated infectious strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA M57-15.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hindi KM, Panzner MJ, Tessier CA, Cannon CL, Youngs WJ. The medicinal applications of imidazolium carbene-metal complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3859-84. [PMID: 19580262 PMCID: PMC2763352 DOI: 10.1021/cr800500u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
38
|
Panzner MJ, Deeraksa A, Smith A, Wright BD, Hindi KM, Kascatan-Nebioglu A, Torres AG, Judy BM, Hovis CE, Hilliard JK, Mallett RJ, Cope E, Estes DM, Cannon CL, Leid JG, Youngs WJ. Synthesis and in vitro Efficacy Studies of Silver Carbene Complexes on Biosafety Level 3 Bacteria. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009; 2009:1739-1745. [PMID: 20160993 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-heterocyclic carbene silver complexes have been synthesized and tested against the select group of bio-safety level 3 bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Bacillus anthracis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia pestis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations, minimal bactericidal and killing assays demonstrated the exceptional efficacy of the complexes against these potentially weaponizable pathogens.
Collapse
|
39
|
Delaude L, Bielawski CW, Estes DM, Cannon CL, Leid JG, Youngs WJ, Crudden CM, Cavallo L. Betaine Adducts of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity / Synthesis and Study of 5,5′‐Bibenzimidazolylidenes and Their Bimetallic Complexes / Synthesis and in vitro Efficacy Studies of Silver Carbene Complexes on Biosafety Level 3 Bacteria / Structure and Reactivity of Dinitrogen Rhodium Complexes Containing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands / Samb
V
ca: A Web Application for the Calculation of the Buried Volume of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands — (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 13/2009). Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200990030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Hindi KM, Ditto AJ, Panzner MJ, Medvetz DA, Han DS, Hovis CE, Hilliard JK, Taylor JB, Yun YH, Cannon CL, Youngs WJ. The antimicrobial efficacy of sustained release silver-carbene complex-loaded L-tyrosine polyphosphate nanoparticles: characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3771-9. [PMID: 19395021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pressing need to treat multi-drug resistant bacteria in the chronically infected lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has given rise to novel nebulized antimicrobials. We have synthesized a silver-carbene complex (SCC10) active against a variety of bacterial strains associated with CF and chronic lung infections. Our studies have demonstrated that SCC10-loaded into L-tyrosine polyphosphate nanoparticles (LTP NPs) exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo against the CF relevant bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Encapsulation of SCC10 in LTP NPs provides sustained release of the antimicrobial over the course of several days translating into efficacious results in vivo with only two administered doses over a 72 h period.
Collapse
|
41
|
Panzner MJ, Youngs WJ, Tessier CA. A crystallographically isolated dimeric hydrolyzed chloro-phosphazene dianion. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 65:m105. [PMID: 21581471 PMCID: PMC2968009 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808042116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of the title compound bis[bis-(1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazol-2-yl-idene)silver(I)] 1,5,5,7,11,11-hexa-chloro-2,8-di-oxa-4,6,10,12,13,14-hexa-aza-1λ(5),3,5λ(5),7λ(5),9,11λ(5)-hexa-phospha-tricyclo-[7.3.1.1(3,7)]tetra-deca-1(13),4,7(14),10-tetra-ene-6,12-diide 3,9-dioxide, [Ag(C(6)H(10)N(2))(2)](Cl(6)N(6)O(4)P(6))(0.5), were isolated from the reaction of the silver N-heteocyclic carbene complex [Ag(C(6)H(10)N(2))(2)]Cl and hexa-chloro-cyclo-triphos-phazene [NPCl(2)](3 )in the presence of water. The asymmetric unit contains one silver carbene cation with the carbene ligands bound to the Ag(I) in an almost linear arrangement and one half of a hydrolyzed phosphazene dianion. The second cation and additional half of the anion are generated by an inversion center.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hindi KM, Siciliano TJ, Durmus S, Panzner MJ, Medvetz DA, Reddy DV, Hogue LA, Hovis CE, Hilliard JK, Mallet RJ, Tessier CA, Cannon CL, Youngs WJ. Synthesis, stability, and antimicrobial studies of electronically tuned silver acetate N-heterocyclic carbenes. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1577-83. [PMID: 18288795 DOI: 10.1021/jm0708679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of methylated imidazolium salts with varying substituents on the 4 and 5 positions of the imidazole ring were synthesized. These salts were reacted with silver acetate to afford their corresponding silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. These complexes were then evaluated for their stability in water as well as for their antimicrobial efficacy against a variety of bacterial strains associated with cystic fibrosis and chronic lung infections.
Collapse
|
43
|
Garner P, Hu J, Parker CG, Youngs WJ, Medvetz D. The CuI-catalyzed exo-selective asymmetric multicomponent [C+NC+CC] coupling reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
44
|
Kalikhman I, Gostevskii B, Kertsnus E, Botoshansky M, Tessier CA, Youngs WJ, Deuerlein S, Stalke D, Kost D. Competitive Molecular Rearrangements in Hexacoordinate Cyano-Silicon Dichelates. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om061176y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Medvetz DA, Stakleff KD, Schreiber T, Custer PD, Hindi K, Panzner MJ, Blanco DD, Taschner MJ, Tessier CA, Youngs WJ. Ovarian cancer activity of cyclic amine and thiaether metal complexes. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1703-6. [PMID: 17343369 DOI: 10.1021/jm060857s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A thiaether metal complex 1-aza-4,7-dithiacyclononane-RhCl3, 2, and cyclic amine metal complexes tacn-CuBr2, 3, and Me3tacn-RuCl3, 4, have been evaluated for anticancer activity against the ovarian cancer cell line NuTu-19 and for cell toxicity against the noncancerous ovarian tissue cell line OVepi. Specifically, metal complex 2 is active when compared to cisplatin at micromolar concentrations using the MTT and cell invasion assay. The in vitro results reported warrant further evaluation of metal complex 2 in living systems.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kascatan-Nebioglu A, Panzner MJ, Tessier CA, Cannon CL, Youngs WJ. N-Heterocyclic carbene–silver complexes: A new class of antibiotics. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
47
|
Kascatan-Nebioglu A, Melaiye A, Hindi K, Durmus S, Panzner MJ, Hogue LA, Mallett RJ, Hovis CE, Coughenour M, Crosby SD, Milsted A, Ely DL, Tessier CA, Cannon CL, Youngs WJ. Synthesis from caffeine of a mixed N-heterocyclic carbene-silver acetate complex active against resistant respiratory pathogens. J Med Chem 2007; 49:6811-8. [PMID: 17154511 DOI: 10.1021/jm060711t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) silver complex, 3, with a methyl carbonate anion was formed from the reaction of the iodide salt of methylated caffeine, 1, with silver (I) oxide in methanol. Attempts to crystallize this complex from a mixture of common alcohols and ethyl acetate led to the formation of an NHC-silver acetate complex, 4. The more direct synthesis of 4 was accomplished by the in-situ deprotonation of 1 by silver acetate in methanol. Complex 4 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against numerous resistant respiratory pathogens from the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients including members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex that cause a high rate of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Application of this NHC silver complex to primary cultures of murine respiratory epithelial cells followed by microarray analysis showed minimal gene expression changes at the concentrations effective against respiratory pathogens. Furthermore, methylated caffeine without silver showed some antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dogan O, Koyuncu H, Garner P, Bulut A, Youngs WJ, Panzner M. New Zinc(II)-Based Catalyst for Asymmetric Azomethine Ylide Cycloaddition Reactions. Org Lett 2006; 8:4687-90. [PMID: 17020278 DOI: 10.1021/ol061521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new chiral aziridino alcohol ligand for zinc(II)-catalyzed azomethine ylide cycloadditions is described. In the presence of this catalyst, N-arylidene glycine methyl esters react with a variety of dipolarophiles to give substituted pyrrolidines in very good to excellent chemical yields and up to 95% ee. The absolute sense of asymmetric induction appears to be dipolarophile-dependent.
Collapse
|
49
|
Garner P, Kaniskan HU, Hu J, Youngs WJ, Panzner M. Asymmetric Multicomponent [C+NC+CC] Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrrolidines Catalyzed by Silver(I). Org Lett 2006; 8:3647-50. [PMID: 16898782 DOI: 10.1021/ol061113b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Highly functionalized pyrrolidines are obtained in a single chemical step via a mild, efficient, and selective Ag(I)-catalyzed asymmetric [C+NC+CC] coupling process. Oppolzer's camphorsultam enables the desired reaction cascade and provides a reliable means to control the developing stereochemistry and purify the products. This three-component reaction provides unprecedented access to structurally diverse pyrrolidines for both target- and diversity-oriented syntheses.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kalikhman I, Gostevskii B, Botoshansky M, Kaftory M, Tessier CA, Panzner MJ, Youngs WJ, Kost D. Octahedral and Bicapped-Tetrahedral Silicon Configurations in the Solid State and Their Dynamic Coexistence in Solution. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0509802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|