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Li SX, Guo WK, He X, Zhu YF, Chen Q. [Inventory and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Ammonia Emission from Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Lanzhou City]. HUAN JING KE XUE= HUANJING KEXUE 2019; 40:1172-1178. [PMID: 31087963 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201807190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
After obtaining data on the activity of agriculture and animal husbandry by field investigation and from statistical data, an inventory of ammonia emission from agriculture and animal husbandry in Lanzhou was established based on literature investigation to determine the emission factors. The emission factor related to the application of nitrogen fertilizer was calculated using the NARSES model. The spatiotemporal distribution of the amount of ammonia emission was also analyzed. The total amount of ammonia emission from agriculture and animal husbandry was 9356.90 t. Among this emission, the amount from livestock and poultry was 7584.03 t, accounting for 81.05%. Yongdeng County was the region with the largest amount of ammonia emission, which was 2820.59 t, accounting for 30.14%. Considering the sharing rate of ammonia emissions in all districts and counties, the sharing rates of livestock and poultry were between 65.83% and 97.38%; and the sharing rates for nitrogen fertilizer application were between 2.27% and 28.66%. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the sources of ammonia emissions from agriculture and animal husbandry were mainly concentrated in the northwest and central parts of Gaolan County, the southeast of Honggu District, the east and west of Qilihe District, and the east of Yuzhong County. From the perspective of temporal distribution, the ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry were higher from April to September. The emission from nitrogen fertilizer application was higher from March to September, except in August.
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Guo WK, Liu X, Zhu YF, Chen Q, Du YG. [Emissions Inventory of Smoldering Chinese Kangs and Their Contribution to PM 2.5 Pollution in Lanzhou City]. HUAN JING KE XUE= HUANJING KEXUE 2018; 39:4849-4857. [PMID: 30628205 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201803177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Considering regional differences in economic development, the activity level of smoldering Chinese kangs was confirmed by surveys in typical areas in Lanzhou City. An emissions inventory of smoldering Chinese kangs in Lanzhou City in 2016 was established using the emissions factor approach. The emissions amounts of SO2, NOx, NH3, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM10, PM2.5, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were 340.8, 201.8, 106.0, 36628.2, 4997.2, 6070.3, 5645.1, 1089.3, and 1233.1 t·a-1, respectively. Emissions amounts were allocated by spatial and temporal characteristics. The emissions were concentrated from November to mid-April of the following year. Spatially, there were significant differences in emissions at different economic levels. The high value areas of emissions were mainly concentrated in the southern part of Yuzhong, central Yongdeng, and south of Qilihe. The weather research and forecasting with chemistry (WRF-Chem) model was used to determine the average contribution of smoldering Chinese kangs to PM2.5 concentration in Lanzhou City during the heating season. The simulation results were improved after applying the emissions inventory. The average PM2.5 concentration at Lanyuan Hotel (in the city) and Yuzhong Station (in the countryside) increased 32 μg·m-3 and 34 μg·m-3 in the simulation, respectively, and the corresponding rates of pollution contribution were 37.6% and 49.2%. Thus, researching and enacting scientific control measures for smoldering Chinese kang pollutants is significant to improving regional air quality.
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Zhu YF, Tang YM, Sun HJ, Yu Q, Zhu M. [Facial symmetry after conservative treatment of unilateral condylar fracture in children: a three-dimensional study]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 53:318-323. [PMID: 29972989 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influence of condylar fractures on the growth of condylars after conservative treatments by three-dimensional measurement. Methods: Twenty three children with unilateral condylar fracture followed-up for at least 1 year in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were included from June 2016 to March 2017. CT scans were performed for each patient. Three-dimensional virtual skulls were reconstructed and measuring points were defined with Simplant 11.04 software. The depth of glenoid fossa, height of articular eminence, width, height and depth of condylar, deviation of pogonion were measured. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess difference between the bifid group and the normal group. Results: No difference was observed in the vertical position of crest of the articular eminence between two groups (P=0.110). The vertical position of roof of the glenoid fossa in bifid side was significantly superior than the one in normal side (P=0.010). Bifid side had a shorter (P=0.002) and wider(P=0.002) condylar than normal side did. No difference was observed in the depth of condylar between two groups (P=0.071). The average deviation of pogonion was (0.69±1.75) mm (P=0.072) from sagittal plan. Conclusions: This short-termed study indicates that children's growth potential of condylar is under average after conservative treatments. Because the bone hyperosteogeny of glenoid fossa compensates the hypotrophy of condylar, no deviation of pogonion is detected.
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Wang ZP, Wang D, Wang CL, Xie WJ, Zhu YF, Chen XW. Transcriptome characterization of HPG axis from Chinese sea perch Lateolabrax maculatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1407-1418. [PMID: 28913865 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here the transcriptome and differential gene expression in the adult brain and gonads of the Chinese sea perch Lateolabrax maculatus were reported. A total of 78 256 909 clean reads were generated from the adult brain, ovary and testis by using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform and assembled into 274 909 contigs. A total of 31 683 unigenes were annotated based on sequence similarity and 20 702 unigenes were found to exhibit 8237 gene ontology terms and 3888 signal pathways. Transcripts of 26 623 unigenes were present in all of the tissues, whereas pairwise comparisons revealed that 671/367, 496/315 and 1668/580 unigenes were up-down regulated by at least two-fold between the brain and ovary, ovary and testis and brain and testis, respectively. Homology search led to the identification of reproduction-associated genes of the brain-gonad axis, including those involved in sex differentiation and maintenance. The data provided an integrated and comprehensive transcriptome resource for L. maculatus, which could be used for further research on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis gene function, reproduction regulation and sex-biased gene expression.
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Li X, Wang D, Zhang ZJ, Zhu YF, Jia HY. 25 Culture environmental management innovation optimisation of enrichment factor lactobacillus acidophilus. J Investig Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-mebabstracts.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhu YF, Wang XY, Parsons SP, Huizinga JD. Stimulus-induced pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal associated with the deep muscular plexus of the small intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1064-74. [PMID: 26968691 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ICC-DMP have been proposed to generate stimulus-dependent pacemaker activity, rhythmic transient depolarizations, that take part in orchestrating segmentation and clustered propulsive motor patterns in the small intestine. However, little is known about the fundamental properties of ICC-DMP. METHODS This study was undertaken to increase our understanding of intrinsic properties of the ICC-DMP through calcium imaging and intracellular electrical recordings. KEY RESULTS Without stimulation, most ICC-DMP were quiescent. In some preparations ICC-DMP generated rhythmic low-frequency calcium oscillations (<10 cpm) with or without high frequency activity superimposed (>35 cpm). Immunohistochemistry proved the existence of NK1R on the ICC-DMP and close contacts between ICC-DMP and substance P-positive nerves. Substance P (25 nM) induced low-frequency calcium oscillations that were synchronized across the ICC-DMP network. Substance P also induced low frequency rhythmic transient depolarizations (<10cpm) in circular muscle cells close to the ICC-DMP. An intracellular recording from a positively identified ICC-DMP showed rhythmic transient depolarizations with superimposed high frequency activity. To investigate if quiescent ICC-DMP were chronically inhibited by nitrergic activity, nNOS was inhibited, but without effect. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Substance P changes non-synchronized high frequency flickering or quiescence in ICC-DMP into strong rhythmic calcium transients that are synchronized within the network; they are associated with rhythmic transient depolarizations within the same frequency range. We hypothesize that Substance P, released from nerves, can evoke rhythmicity in ICC-DMP, thereby providing it with potential pacemaker activity.
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Li MM, Yang CC, Wang CC, Wen Z, Zhu YF, Zhao M, Li JC, Zheng WT, Lian JS, Jiang Q. Design of Hydrogen Storage Alloys/Nanoporous Metals Hybrid Electrodes for Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27601. [PMID: 27270184 PMCID: PMC4895169 DOI: 10.1038/srep27601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries have demonstrated key technology advantages for applications in new-energy vehicles, which play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the world's dependence on fossil fuels. However, the poor high-rate dischargeability of the negative electrode materials-hydrogen storage alloys (HSAs) limits applications of Ni-MH batteries in high-power fields due to large polarization. Here we design a hybrid electrode by integrating HSAs with a current collector of three-dimensional bicontinuous nanoporous Ni. The electrode shows enhanced high-rate dischargeability with the capacity retention rate reaching 44.6% at a discharge current density of 3000 mA g(-1), which is 2.4 times that of bare HSAs (18.8%). Such a unique hybrid architecture not only enhances charge transfer between nanoporous Ni and HSAs, but also facilitates rapid diffusion of hydrogen atoms in HSAs. The developed HSAs/nanoporous metals hybrid structures exhibit great potential to be candidates as electrodes in high-performance Ni-MH batteries towards applications in new-energy vehicles.
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Ma XG, Liu YF, Liu N, Ren JC, Xu GW, Chu L, Lv H, Huang CY, Zhu YF. Magnetic mediation effect of a C impurity in a Mn-doped Zn₁₂O₁₂ nanocluster: a case of multiple exchange interactions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:335301. [PMID: 26235128 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/33/335301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The stability and exchange interaction mechanism of a doped Zn12O12 cluster with Mn and C atoms were investigated by first-principles calculations. For the Mn-doped Zn12O12 cluster, it is identified that a superexchange interaction deriving the hybridization between the Mn 3d(2/x)-2/y and O 2p(xy) orbitals dominates the Mn(↑)-Mn(↓) antiferromagnetic coupling, although a direct exchange interaction deriving the Mn-Mn bonding is also found. In order to turn the Mn spin state in the Mn-doped Zn12O12 cluster, C doping is undertaken to change the magnetic interactions of these impurities. It is proved that the C incorporation into the Mn-doped Zn12O12 cluster destroys the short-ranged antiferromagnetic coupling, where multiple exchange interactions take over, including the direct exchange interaction and the kinetic p-d exchange interaction partially due to the geometric distortion and surface effect with dangling bonds (sp(2)-like hybrids). It is concluded that the kinetic p-d exchange interaction plays a dominant role in Mn/C-doped Zn12O12 clusters.
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Jiang Q, Zhu YF, Zhao M. Copper metallization for current very large scale integration. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 5:106-137. [PMID: 21529334 DOI: 10.2174/187221011795909152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As silicon technology scaling progresses to the 32 nm node or even further, the design on the propagation of electromagnetic signals becomes increasingly appealing due to their unyielding constraints on interconnect delay. Because of its high conductivity and electromigration resistance, Cu is now the interconnect materials in current VLSI. To ensure the signal propagation via the Cu interconnects upon the increasingly reduction in the interconnect width, related issues on Cu interconnects, such as electron scattering at surfaces and grain boundaries, electromigration failure and surface oxidation, still need to be further understood and addressed. Besides this, the performance of low-k dielectrics and reliable barrier structures, which are also much important among the device parts, are required to be further improved to minimize the signal delay and to prevent penetration of different materials, respectively. On the basis of the paper published at Recent Patent on Nanotechnology 2007; 1: 193-209, this review will focus on recent patents and some studies on Cu metallization including Cu interconnect wires, low-k dielectrics and related barrier materials as well as manufacturing techniques in VLSI, which are one of the most essential concerns in microelectronic industry and decide further development of VLSI. This review will benefit for the design of the Cu metallization in the current VLSI.
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Zhu YF, Lang XY, Zheng WT, Jiang Q. Electron scattering and electrical conductance in polycrystalline metallic films and wires: impact of grain boundary scattering related to melting point. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3781-3788. [PMID: 20557119 DOI: 10.1021/nn101014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
For electrical conductance in polycrystalline metallic films and wires, the reflection coefficient of electrons at grain boundaries is explored and found to be proportional to the square root of the melting points of metals. As validated by available experimental results, this exploration enables classical models to take an essential role in theoretically predicting the electrical conductance of low-dimensional metals. One thus sees that the mechanism dominating the suppression of electrical conductance is transformed from the surface scattering into the grain boundary scattering as the ratio of film thickness (or wire diameter) to grain size rises. Furthermore, the impact of grain boundary scattering becomes less important for metals with lower melting points.
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Li HF, Han W, Zhu YF, Shu JT, Zhang XY, Chen KW. Analysis of genetic structure and relationship among nine indigenous Chinese chicken populations by the Structure program. J Genet 2009; 88:197-203. [PMID: 19700858 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-009-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The multi-locus model-based clustering method Structure program was used to infer the genetic structure of nine indigenous Chinese chicken (Gallus gallus) populations based on 16 microsatellite markers. Twenty runs were carried out at each chosen value of predefined cluster numbers (K) under admixture model. The Structure program properly inferred the presence of genetic structure with 0.999 probabilities. The genetic structure not only indicated that the nine kinds of chicken populations were defined actually by their locations, phenotypes or culture, but also reflected the underlying genetic variations. At K = 2, nine chicken populations were divided into two main clusters, one light-body type, including Chahua chicken (CHA), Tibet chicken (TIB), Xianju chicken (XIA), Gushi chicken (GUS) and Baier chicken (BAI); and the other heavy-body type, including Beijing You chicken (YOU), Xiaoshan chicken (XIA), Luyuan chicken (LUY) and Dagu chicken (DAG). GUS and DAG were divided into independent clusters respectively when K equaled 4, 5, or 6. XIA and BIA chicken, XIA and LUY chicken, TIB and CHA chicken still clustered together when K equaled 6, 7, and 8, respectively. These clustering results were consistent with the breeding directions of the nine chicken populations. The Structure program also identified migrants or admixed individuals. The admixed individuals were distributed in all the nine chicken populations, while migrants were only distributed in TIB, XIA and LUY populations. These results indicated that the clustering analysis using the Structure program might provide an accurate representation of the genetic relationship among the breeds.
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Fan DH, Zhu YF, Shen WZ. Synthesis of hierarchical pure ZnO nanostructures with controllable morphology. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 8:6325-6331. [PMID: 19205201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical pure ZnO nanostructures with controllable morphology were synthesized by two-step oxygen-controlled thermal evaporation method without any catalyst. Zn nanowires with little oxidation were deposited firstly on Si substrates located at the low temperature area at step one. The morphology of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures can be effectively modulated at step two by oxygen flow rate, taking advantage of the controllable oxidation rate of Zn and concentration of ZnO(x) under various oxygen supplies. Transmission electron microscope images and corresponding selected area electron diffraction patterns suggest that low oxygen supplementation causes the epitaxial growth of nanorods from the surface of the Zn nanowire, while high oxygen flow rate will lead to the preferential growth of nanorods along the [001] orientation. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements demonstrate that the variety of nanostructures can cause the variation of the ultraviolet to green peak intensity ratio, suggesting that the controlled morphologies can be used to modulate the optical properties of ZnO nanostructures.
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Zhu YF, Fan DH, Shen WZ. Chemical conversion synthesis and optical properties of metal sulfide hollow microspheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11131-11136. [PMID: 18720954 DOI: 10.1021/la801523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A facile chemical conversion method has been demonstrated to prepare various metal sulfide hollow microspheres. The present strategy utilizes the large difference in solubility between ZnS and other metal sulfides (Ag2S, PbS, CuS, Cu2S, Bi2S3, and Sb2S3) for the effective transformation and shows mild growth conditions and good reproducibility. The morphology, structure, and composition of the yielded hollow nanostructures have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The optical properties of the metal sulfide hollow microspheres have been systematically investigated by absorption, micro-Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that these metal sulfide hollow microspheres possess good optical quality with tunable band gaps and luminescence properties, which indicate their broad potential applications. This simple chemical conversion technique can be further extended to the synthesis of other semiconductors with various morphologies.
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Lang XY, Zhu YF, Jiang Q. Nature of solidification of nanoconfined organic liquid layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:1000-3. [PMID: 17241004 DOI: 10.1021/la062460x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple model is established for solidification of a nanoconfined liquid under nonequilibrium conditions. In terms of this model, the nature of solidification is the conjunct finite size and interface effects, which is directly related to the cooling rate or the relaxation time of the undercooled liquid. The model predictions are consistent with available experimental results.
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Gao LH, Zheng SS, Zhu YF, Wan YL, Wang YL, Wei GQ, Qian SK, Qian SQ, Jiang WJ. A rat model of chronic allograft liver rejection. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:2327-32. [PMID: 15964409 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to develop a rat model of chronic irreversible rejection, which is a major causes of late graft loss and retransplantation after orthotopic liver allotransplantation. METHODS Allogeneic liver transplantation was performed in a rat combination of Dark Agouti (DA) to Brown Norway (BN). Group A was left without treatment, group B received cyclosporine' (CsA; 1 mg/kg/d) and group C, CsA (4 mg/kg/d). Animals were followed for 6 months. Liver tissue was harvested to construct a time course of histological changes after liver transplantation using histopathological and morphometric techniques. We compared the total histological score of rejection activity index and survival rates. RESULTS In untreated animals, irreversible acute rejection developed, all animals died within 15 days. In the low-dose CsA group, all animals that survived more than 30 days developed moderate to severe manifestations of chronic liver rejection, with graft infiltration, ductular damage or proliferation, obliterative arteriopathy, and liver fibrosis. No apparent histological alterations were observed in group C. Survival analysis showed significant differences between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS In the rat strain combination of DA --> BN with low-dose immunosuppression, early mild inflammation was followed by the development of chronic rejection.
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Jia ZJ, Pan DJ, Fu YG, Chen WM, Liu ZH, Lin JH, Zhu YF, Chen RX, Fu ZY, Zhou DM, Xu AL. [HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism of Naxi ethnic group of Yunnan Province, China and its ethnological evolution analysis]. YI CHUAN XUE BAO = ACTA GENETICA SINICA 2002; 28:1107-15. [PMID: 11797339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism of Naxi ethnic group of Yunnan Province, China was investigated for the first time using high resolution PCR-SBT method, which is based on sequences of HLA-DRB1 Intron 1 and Intron 2 with our improvement. From 60 individuals of Naxi 37 DRB1 alleles were detected. The distribution of allele frequencies is evenly spread for most of alleles detected in Naxi. However, the gene frequency for HLA-DRB1 * 12021 is 17.50%. The other common alleles (> 5%) were HLA-DRB1 * 1404(7.50%), 1504(5.83%), 04051(5.83%), 08032(5.83%), 09012(5%), 03011(5%), and they covered 35% of the total alleles detected from Naxi, and 52.49% after adding the frequency of HLA-DRB1 * 12021. HLA-DRB1 * 0305, 0438, 1123, 1132, 1310, 0812 were detected in Chinese for the first time, and were very rare in other ethnic groups worldwide. Using the HLA-DRB1 gene frequencies of various ethnic groups, we constructed the phylogenetic tree by Fitch-Margoliash and Least-Squares Distance Methods and Cavalli-Sforza's chord measure of genetic distance. In our dendrogram, the South China populations were clustered together, and Siberian, Japanese and Minority of North China were clustered together, in which two big clusters we thought represented the ancient Southern and Northern Mongolian. Our results showed Naxi was clustered with Lahu and Yao ethnic groups, which were in the cluster of South China population. Obviously Naxi belongs to the South China ethnic groups and can't trace its origin from northern ethnic groups with the HLA-DRB1 genetic data. But based on Naxi's historical folklore, it was down to Southern China from Northwest China. The preliminary analysis about its origin conundrum was discussed in this paper based on our genetic data in relationship with its history and ethnology studies.
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Qian DS, Zhu YF, Zhu Q. [Effect of alcohol extract of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc on GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic mellitus rats]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2001; 26:859-62. [PMID: 12776340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on its effects of decreasing postprandial plasma glucose and increasing insulin level in non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) rats, we studied the effects of Alcohol extract of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc on the GLUT4 expression in NIDDM model rats. METHOD The rat model of NIDDM was made. The animals were divided into three groups(six for each group): group I: control; group II: NIDDM model; group III: NIDDM model + Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. The drug was given orally to animals one time a day, uninterrupted for a month. The GLUT4 mRNA and its protein expression in skeletal muscle were observed with Northern blot and Western blot method, respectively. RESULT The GLUT4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was decreased remarkably in NIDDM rats (P < 0.01, compared to control group). Alcohol extract of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc increased GLUT4 mRNA expression in NIDDM rats(P < 0.01), compared to NIDDM model group). The result of GLUT4 protein expression was similar to GLUT4 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION This experiment demonstrated that alcohol extract of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc can increase GLUT4 mRNA and its protein expression in NIDDM rats through promoting proliferation of islet and increasing postprandial secretion of insulin and therefore accelerate glucose transport.
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Chen C, Zhu YF, Liu XJ, Lu ZX, Xie Q, Ling N. Discovery of a series of nonpeptide small molecules that inhibit the binding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) to IGF-binding proteins. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4001-10. [PMID: 11689087 DOI: 10.1021/jm010304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and II) play an important role in metabolic and mitogenic activities through stimulation of the IGF-I receptor on the cell surface. Although the concentration of IGF in blood and cerebrospinal fluid is quite high (>100 nM), this large pool of IGF is biologically inactive because of its association with six distinct binding proteins, which form high-affinity complexes with IGF. Thus, inhibitors of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), especially IGFBP-3, could potentially alter the distribution between the "free" and "bound" forms of IGF and thereby elevate biologically active IGF-I to exert a beneficial effect on those patients with diseases that respond to the application of exogenous IGF-I. Whereas IGF-I peptide variants, which bind to IGFBPs but not the IGF-I receptor, have been shown to be potent IGF/IGFBP inhibitors, small molecule nonpeptide IGF/IGFBP inhibitors have the potential advantages of oral bioavailability and flexible dosing regimen. Here we report the discovery of several isoquinoline analogues, exemplified by 1 and 2, which bind IGFBP-3 as well as other IGFBPs at low nanomolar concentrations. More importantly, both compounds were shown to be able to release biologically active IGF-I from the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex. These results point to the feasibility of developing orally active therapeutics to treat IGF-responsive diseases by optimization of the lead molecules 1 and 2.
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Liu XJ, Xie Q, Zhu YF, Chen C, Ling N. Identification of a nonpeptide ligand that releases bioactive insulin-like growth factor-I from its binding protein complex. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:32419-22. [PMID: 11445558 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100299200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has both metabolic and mitogenic activities mediated through interaction with the type 1 IGF receptor. The circulation of IGF-I in blood and interstitial fluid is not free but bound mostly to a family of six high affinity IGF-binding proteins, which form stable complexes with IGF and neutralize its bioactivity. Therefore, displacement of this large pool of endogenous IGF from the binding proteins could elevate "free" IGF levels to elicit beneficial effects in diabetes and other IGF-responsive diseases comparable with those produced by administration of exogenous IGF-I. We report here the identification of a nonpeptide ligand NBI-31772, which displaces IGF-I from all six IGF-binding proteins at low nanomolar concentrations from screening of the in-house chemical libraries. Furthermore, the released free IGF-I was shown to be biologically active in an in vitro bioassay. Thus, NBI-31772 could serve as a valuable lead molecule for the design of novel therapeutics to treat diabetes and other IGF-responsive diseases.
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Li HO, Zhu YF, Asakawa M, Kuma H, Hirata T, Ueda Y, Lee YS, Fukumura M, Iida A, Kato A, Nagai Y, Hasegawa M. A cytoplasmic RNA vector derived from nontransmissible Sendai virus with efficient gene transfer and expression. J Virol 2000; 74:6564-9. [PMID: 10864670 PMCID: PMC112166 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.14.6564-6569.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recovered a virion from defective cDNA of Sendai virus (SeV) that is capable of self-replication but incapable of transmissible-virion production. This virion delivers and expresses foreign genes in infected cells, and this is the first report of a gene expression vector derived from a defective viral genome of the Paramyxoviridae. First, functional ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) were recovered from SeV cloned cDNA defective in the F (envelope fusion protein) gene, in the presence of plasmids expressing nucleocapsid protein and viral RNA polymerase. Then the RNPs were transfected to the cells inducibly expressing F protein. Virion-like particles thus obtained had a titer of 0.5 x 10(8) to 1. 0 x 10(8) cell infectious units/ml and contained F-defective RNA genome. This defective vector amplified specifically in an F-expressing packaging cell line in a trypsin-dependent manner but did not spread to F-nonexpressing cells. This vector infected and expressed an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene in various types of animal and human cells, including nondividing cells, with high efficiency. These results suggest that this vector has great potential for use in human gene therapy and vaccine delivery systems.
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Chen C, Zhu YF, Wilcoxen K. An improved synthesis of selectively protected L-dopa derivatives from L-tyrosine. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2574-6. [PMID: 10789475 DOI: 10.1021/jo9913661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Millar RP, Zhu YF, Chen C, Struthers RS. Progress towards the development of non-peptide orally-active gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists: therapeutic implications. Br Med Bull 2000; 56:761-72. [PMID: 11255560 DOI: 10.1258/0007142001903346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) which is produced from a precursor polypeptide in hypothalamic neurons and secreted in a pulsatile fashion to stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH via its interaction with a cognate receptor on gonadotropes. Low doses of the native peptide delivered in a pulsatile manner to mimic that found in the hypothalamic portal vessels restore fertility in hypogonadal patients, and are also effective in treating cryptorchidism and delayed puberty. Administration of high doses of GnRH, or agonist analogues, causes desensitization of the gonadotrope with consequent decline in gonadal gametogenesis and steroid and peptide hormone synthesis. This phenomenon finds extensive therapeutic application in clinical medicine in a wide spectrum of disease (Table 1). In addition, GnRH analogues have promise as new generation male and female contraceptives in conjunction with steroid hormone replacement. GnRH antagonists inhibit the reproductive system through competition with endogenous GnRH for the receptor and, in view of their rapid effects, are being increasingly used for the above mentioned applications. The peptide agonists and antagonists currently available require parenteral administration, typically in the form of long-acting depots. A new generation of non-peptide GnRH antagonists are beginning to emerge which should allow oral administration and, therefore, may provide greater flexibility of dosing, lower costs and increased patient acceptance.
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Luo KX, Zhu YF, Zhang LX, He HT, Wang XS, Zhang L. In situ investigation of Fas/FasL expression in chronic hepatitis B infection and related liver diseases. J Viral Hepat 1997; 4:303-7. [PMID: 9310928 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.1997.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate Fas/FasL expression in hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver disease, liver biopsies from 44 such cases were studied immunohistochemically. FasL was detected in the infiltrating lymphocytes and both FasL and Fas were found in the hepatocytes. The Fas and FasL-positive cells were mostly found at the advancing edges of interphase hepatitis, and Fas/FasL expression was closely correlated with the inflammatory activity. Unexpectedly, FasL was also expressed in liver cirrhotic nodules, particularly in those with hepatocellular carcinoma with or without inflammation. These results suggest that the factors which induce hepatocyte transformation might also trigger FasL expression and promote FasL/Fas-mediated apoptosis.
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Abstract
A prevalence study of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection of the male genital tract was carried out in Shanghai between March 1992 and June 1995. Significantly higher frequency of UU infection was found among infertile males (549/1416) as compared to fertile controls (34/375). Examination of 8 specimens each from infertile men and fertile subjects by electron microscopy, immunogold and immunofluorescence techniques, demonstrated adhesion of Ureaplasma urealyticum to the membrane of spermatozoa and exfoliated germ cells. In addition, gold particles on Ureaplasma urealyticum were found to be adhered to the sperm surface in 4 of the 8 samples. Strong specific anti-UU fluorescence was detected in 6 of 8 samples, mainly on the midpieces and post-acrosomal regions of the spermatozoa. To further study the effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum on fertility, 47 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were infected artificially with Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 8 (T960). Morphological changes in the seminiferous tubules were observed 3-5 weeks after inoculation in the sacrificed animals. Dramatic impairment of spermatogenesis of both testes was found in 11 rats. Mating experiment confirmed infertility in 12 of 40 rats. Offsprings of the infected rats were significantly smaller than those of controls in terms of prenatal weights and birthweights.
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Taranenko NI, Chung CN, Zhu YF, Allman SL, Golovlev VV, Isola NR, Martin SA, Haff LA, Chen CH. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for sequencing single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1997; 11:386-392. [PMID: 9069640 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19970228)11:4<386::aid-rcm867>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The DNA sequence of a single-stranded and double-stranded template was determined. The templates were sequenced using the chain termination method and cycle sequencing method and detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The sequencing products were analyzed successfully without the laborious and expensive methods for removal of the template. Direct sequencing of the double-stranded template was achieved with minimal post-reaction purifications, which could be extremely important for mutation analysis and clinical diagnosis. A systematic study of the mechanisms and kinetics of sequencing reactions was also performed. The details of this analysis and directions for future improvements of the quality of sequencing are presented.
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