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Li X, Wang C, Liu Z, Wu K, Yang Z, Zeng D, Lin D, Jiang J. Study on the rationality of small diameter metallic airway stent in treatment of tracheal stenosis in injured rabbits. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:110. [PMID: 38443931 PMCID: PMC10913537 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To observe the occurrence of related complications after self-expandable metallic (SEM) airway stents implantation with different diameters at different time points, and to provide theoretical basis for the optimal chioce of existing airway stents in clinical practice. METHODS Healthy New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish benign tracheal stenosis models after chest CT examination. Forty-fivemodel rabbits with more than 50% of airway stenosis were divided into two groups. Small-diameter SEM stents (The ratio of stent diameter to airway diameter is nearly 1.0) were implanted in Group A in 21 rabbits, and large-diameter tracheal stents (The ratio of stent diameter to airway diameter is more than 1.2) were implanted in Group B in 24 rabbits. Stent-related complications were observed after stent implantation in 2nd,4th,8th, and 12th week by bronchoscopygross anatomy, pathological and the expressions of IL-1RA, IL-8 and MMP9 in involved tracheal. RESULTS The incidence rate of tracheomalacia of stent was significantly higher in group B (24/24 100%) than that in group A (1 /21,4.8%) (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of scar contracture at both ends of stent was significantly higher than in group B (11 / 24,45.8%) that in group A (2 /21, 9.5%) (P < 0.05). The pathological results of both A and B showed that the columnar epithelium of bronchial mucosa began to damage and detach, inflammatory cells infiltrated after 2nd and 4th week of stenting, The epithelium was repaired, the lamina propria glands almost disappeared, collagen fiber proliferation was obvious, and scars were formed after 8th and 12th week of stenting. ELISA results revealed that the expressions of IL-1RA, IL-8, and MMP9 were increased in the stent group than in model rabbit with benign tracheal stenosis. IL-1RA and MMP9 increased at different periods in group B, but the expression of IL-1RA and MMP9 showed a tread of increasing in the early stage and then decreasing in group A. CONCLUSION Metal stents can cause different degrees of stent-related complications in rabbits with benign tracheal stenosis. The incidence of stent-induced tracheomalacia and scar contracture were higher in Group B than that in Group A. IL-1RA, IL-8 and MMP9 may be involved in the development of complications after stentimplantation and peak value of group B movered backward. ing.
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Fawzy RM, Abdel-Aziz AA, Bassiouny K, Fayed AM. Phytocompounds-based therapeutic approach: Investigating curcumin and green tea extracts on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100339. [PMID: 38494270 PMCID: PMC10980874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) has transcended lung cancer as the most common cancer in the world. Due to the disease's aggressiveness, rapid growth, and heterogeneity, it is crucial to investigate different therapeutic approaches for treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Plant-based therapeutics continue to be utilized as safe/non-toxic complementary or alternative treatments for cancer, even in developed countries, regardless of how cutting-edge conventional therapies are. Despite their low bioavailability, curcumin (CUR) and green tea (GT) represent safer therapeutic options. Due to their potent molecular-modulating properties on various cancer-related molecules and signaling pathways, they are considered gold-standard therapeutic agents and have been incorporated into the development of one or more therapeutic strategies of BC treatment. METHODS We investigated the modulatory role of CUR and GT extracts on significant multi molecular targets in MCF-7 BC cell line to assess their potential as BC multi-targeting agents. We analyzed the phytocompounds in GT leaves using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The mRNA expression levels of Raf-1, Telomerase, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes in MCF-7 cells were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the released Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a valuable marker for identifying the programmed necrosis (necroptosis). Additionally, the concentrations of the necroptosis-related proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-8) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In contrast to the GT, the results showed the anticancer and cytotoxic properties of CUR against MCF-7 cells, with a relatively higher level of released LDH. The CUR extract downregulated the oncogenic Raf-1, suppressed the Telomerase and upregulated the TNF-α and IL-8 genes. Results from the ELISA showed a notable increase in IL-8 and TNF-α cytokines levels after CUR treatment, which culminated after 72 h. CONCLUSIONS Among both extracts, only CUR effectively modulated the understudy molecular targets, achieving multi-targeting anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the applied dosage significantly increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, which represent a component of the cytokines-targeting-based therapeutic strategy. However, further investigations are recommended to validate this therapeutic approach.
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Pan AK, Chaudhari VA, Das S, Gochhait D, Sontakke YA, Harichandrakumar KT. Predictive accuracy of histopathological profile and immunohistochemical markers for the aging of abrasion: an autopsy-based study. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:136-148. [PMID: 37106271 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Wound age estimation is a crucial medicolegal task for forensic pathologists. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the ability of the histopathological profile and immunohistochemical markers (CD14 and IL-8) to predict the age of abrasion and, furthermore, identify the relationship between the histopathological profile and immunohistochemical markers in abrasion aging. The study involved postmortem cases (n = 246) of abrasion injuries in which the injury infliction time was known. The test skin samples were taken from the abrasion site, and an adjacent area of uninjured skin was sampled for control. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was applied to tissue sections for the histopathological analysis. The semi-quantitative evaluation was made for expressing immunohistochemical markers CD14 and IL-8 on the infiltrating inflammatory cells. The study showed that the age of abrasion was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the cases with positive staining than those with negative staining for both CD14 and IL-8. Additionally, the study found a significant association between the age of the abrasion and the IHC staining for IL-8. However, no significant association was seen between the age of abrasion and the CD-14 IHC staining. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for more than 72 h of the age of abrasion was compared to 0 to 72 h of the age of abrasion. The odds ratios were 39.00 (4.177-364.13) for the predominant mononuclear cell infiltration and 84.50 (9.287-768.814) for cases with the appearance of fibroblast, granulation tissue, and collagen deposition when compared to an unremarkable change on histopathological examination. Positive staining of immunohistochemical markers CD14 and IL-8 for the age of abrasion of more than 72 h showed a sensitivity of 40% and 80.95%, respectively, and specificity of 71.6% and 52.5%, respectively. The quantification of the histopathological changes of predominant mononuclear cell infiltration and the appearance of fibroblast, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition showed a significant correlation for the age of abrasion of more than 72 h. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed IL-8 as a more accurate marker than CD14 in identifying abrasions older than 72 h.
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Kuzmanović J, Savić S, Bogdanović M, Martinović T, Bumbaširević V, Stevović TK. Micromorphological features and interleukin 6, 8, and 18 expressions in post-mortem lung tissue in cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:1-7. [PMID: 36809485 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of interleukins 6, 8, and 18 in post-mortem lung tissue of subjects deceased due to polytrauma. In addition to this, we have described different micromorphological features of lung tissue in ARDS cases associated with fatal traffic trauma. A total of 18 autopsy cases with ARDS after polytrauma and 15 control autopsy cases were analyzed in this study. From every subject, we collected one sample for each lung lobe. All of the histological sections were analyzed by using light microscopy, and for the purpose of ultrastructural analysis, we used transmission electron microscopy. Representative sections were further processed by way of immunohistochemistry analysis. Quantification of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18-positive cells was conducted by applying the IHC score. We noticed that all samples of ARDS cases exhibited elements of the proliferative phase. Immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissue in patients with ARDS showed strong positive staining for IL-6 (2.8 ± 0.7), IL-8 (2.2 ± 1.3), and IL-18 (2.7 ± 1.2), while staining of the control samples resulted in no positivity to low/moderate positivity (for IL-6 1.4 ± 0.5; for IL-8 0.1 ± 0.4; for IL-18 0.6 ± 0.9). Only IL-6 correlated negatively with the patients' age (r = -0.6805, p < 0.01). In this study, we described microstructural changes in lung sections of ARDS cases and control cases, as well as interleukins' expression, demonstrating that autopsy material is as informing as tissue samples collected by performing open lung biopsy.
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Thomsen AK, Krogh Nielsen M, Liisborg C, Sørensen TL. Interleukin-8 Promoter Polymorphism -251 A/T and Treatment Response in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:537-543. [PMID: 38405106 PMCID: PMC10894597 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s448794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory chemokine, suggested to hold a role in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Our aim is to study the association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism -251 A/T (rs4073) in the IL-8 promoter region with the treatment response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections in nAMD. Patients and Methods This is a prospective study of treatment-naïve patients with nAMD. Treatment response after a loading dose of three intravitreal anti-VEGF injections was defined as functional response based on change in visual acuity, and morphological response based on change in central retinal thickness (CRT) and intraretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography. Morphological response was categorized in good, partial, and poor responders. Blood DNA was analyzed for -251 A/T genotype. Results The IL-8 promoter polymorphism -251 A/T was not significantly associated to functional treatment response (P=0.09). No significant association was found between genotype and morphological treatment response (P=0.799). Older age was significantly associated to good morphological responders compared to partial and poor responders (P=0.014). Conclusion The IL-8 polymorphism -251 A/T is not associated to morphological nor functional treatment response to intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in patients with nAMD.
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Zhang L, Deng M, Liu J, Zhang J, Wang F, Yu W. The pathogenicity of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis to colon cancer cells. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:230. [PMID: 38378500 PMCID: PMC10880345 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREs) to human colon cells in vitro. METHODS Three E. faecalis isolates (2 VREs and E. faecalis ATCC 29212) were cocultured with NCM460, HT-29 and HCT116 cells. Changes in cell morphology and bacterial adhesion were assessed at different time points. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression were measured via RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Cell migration and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) tube formation assays were used for angiogenesis studies. The activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS The growth and adhesion of E. faecalis at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:1 were greater than those at a MOI of 100:1(p < 0.05). Compared to E. faecalis ATCC 29212, VREs showed less invasive effect on NCM460 and HT-29 cells. E. faecalis promoted angiogenesis by secreting IL-8 and VEGFA in colon cells, and the cells infected with VREs produced more than those infected with the standard strain (p < 0.05). Additionally, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was activated in E. faecalis infected cells, with VREs demonstrating a greater activation compared to E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION VREs contribute to the occurrence and development of CRC by promoting angiogenesis and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Park HR, Hogan KA, Harris SM, Chames MC, Loch-Caruso R. Group B streptococcus induces cellular senescence in human amnion epithelial cells through a partial interleukin-1-mediated mechanism. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:329-338. [PMID: 37903065 PMCID: PMC10873272 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection is a significant public health concern associated with adverse pregnancy complications and increased neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of GBS on the fetal membrane, the first line of defense against pathogens, are not fully understood. Here, we propose that GBS induces senescence and inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-8) in the fetal membrane through interleukin-1 (IL-1). Utilizing the existing transcriptomic data on GBS-exposed human fetal membrane, we showed that GBS affects senescence-related pathways and genes. Next, we treated primary amnion epithelial cells with conditioned medium from the choriodecidual layer of human fetal membrane exposed to GBS (GBS collected choriodecidual [CD] conditioned medium) in the absence or presence of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). GBS CD conditioned medium significantly increased β-galactosidase activity, IL-6 and IL-8 release from the amnion epithelial cells. Cotreatment with IL1Ra reduced GBS-induced β-galactosidase activity and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. Direct treatment with IL-1α or IL-1β confirmed the role of IL-1 signaling in the regulation of senescence in the fetal membrane. We further showed that GBS CD conditioned medium and IL-1 decreased cell proliferation in amnion epithelial cells. In summary, for the first time, we demonstrate GBS-induced senescence in the fetal membrane and present evidence of IL-1 pathway signaling between the choriodecidua and amnion layer of fetal membrane in a paracrine manner. Further studies will be warranted to understand the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with GBS infection and develop therapeutic interventions to mitigate these complications.
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Situmorang PC, Ilyas S, Syahputra RA, Nugraha AP, Putri MSS, Rumahorbo CGP. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. (haramonting) protects against allethrin-exposed pulmo damage in rats: mechanistic interleukins. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1343936. [PMID: 38379903 PMCID: PMC10877004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1343936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhaling Allethrin (C19H26O3) may induce oxidative stress in lung cells by causing the formation of free radi-cals. Interleukins (IL) are a group of secreted cytokines or proteins and signaling molecules initially produced as an immune response by leukocytes. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. (haramonting) contains antioxidants that may prevent lung damage induced by allethrin-containing electric mosquito repellents. In this study, six groups of rats were exposed to allethrin via an electric mosquito repellent, including positive, negative, and comparison control groups and three groups were administered Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk at 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. After 30 days, the pulmonary tissue and the blood were taken for immunohisto-chemical and ELISA analysis. The accumulation of inflammatory cells causes the thickening of the alveolar wall structures. Injuries were more prevalent in the A+ group than in the other groups. The connection between the alveoli and blood capillaries, which can interfere with alveolar gas exchange, is not regulated, and the lu-minal morphology is aberrant, causing damage to the alveolar epithelial cells. Exposure to electric mosquito coils containing allethrin can increase the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-8, interleukin-9, and interleu-kin-18 in blood serum and tissues while decreasing the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10. Like the Vitamin C group, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa can increase alveolar histological alterations by decreasing the ex-pression of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-9, and IL-18 while increasing IL-6 and IL-10. So that this plant can be developed in the future as a drug to prevent lung harm from exposure.
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Wu J, Zhang Q, Wu J, Yang Z, Liu X, Lou C, Wang X, Peng J, Zhang J, Shang Z, Xiao J, Wang N, Zhang R, Zhou J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhang R, Zhang J, Zeng Z. IL-8 from CD248-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts generates cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18185. [PMID: 38396325 PMCID: PMC10891307 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a substantial barrier to effective care. It is still unclear how cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to NSCLC resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we found that CD248+ CAFs released IL-8 in NSCLC, which, in turn, enhanced the cisplatin (CDDP) IC50 in A549 and NCI-H460 while decreasing the apoptotic percentage of A549 and NCI-H460 in vitro. The CD248+ CAFs-based IL-8 secretion induced NSCLC chemoresistance by stimulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and elevating ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1). We also revealed that the CD248+ CAFs-based IL-8 release enhanced cisplatin chemoresistance in NSCLC mouse models in vivo. Relative to wild-type control mice, the CD248 conditional knockout mice exhibited significant reduction of IL-8 secretion, which, in turn, enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in vivo. In summary, our study identified CD248 activates the NF-κB axis, which, consecutively induces the CAFs-based secretion of IL-8, which promotes NSCLC chemoresistance. This report highlights a potential new approach to enhancing the chemotherapeutic potential of NSCLC-treating cisplatin.
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Song YJ, Liu HX, Yang XG. The deposition of lanthanum carbonate may activate macrophages to induce gastrointestinal mucosal injury in patients with chronic kidney disease: an in vitro caco-2/THP-1 macrophage coculture model study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:101-112. [PMID: 38148422 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible underlying mechanism of La2(CO3)3 deposition on GI mucosal inflammation. Our results showed that La2(CO3)3 can dissolve in artificial gastric fluids and form lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4) precipitates with an average size of about 1 μm. To mimic the intestinal mucosa and epithelial barrier, we established a Caco-2/THP-1 macrophage coculture model and a Caco-2 monoculture model, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that the medium of THP-1 macrophages stimulated by LaPO4 particles can damage the Caco-2 monolayer integrity in the coculture model, while the particles themselves had no direct impact on the Caco-2 monolayer integrity in the monoculture model. We measured values of trans-epithelial electrical resistance and detected images using a laser scanning confocal microscope. These results indicate that continuous stimulation of LaPO4 particles on macrophages can lead to a disruption of intestinal epithelium integrity. In addition, LaPO4 particles could stimulate THP-1 macrophages to secrete both IL-1β and IL-8. Although LaPO4 particles can also promote Caco-2 cells to secrete IL-8, the secretion was much lower than that produced by THP-1 macrophages. In summary, the deposition of La2(CO3)3 has been shown to activate macrophages and induce damage to intestinal epithelial cells, which may exacerbate inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, patients taking lanthanum carbonate, especially those with gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation, should be mindful of the potential for drug deposition in the GI system.
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Cestonaro LV, da Silva ACG, Garcia SC, Valadares MC, Arbo MD. Mitochondrial impairment related to the immunotoxicity of the herbicides clomazone, glyphosate and sulfentrazone in THP-1 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae005. [PMID: 38239269 PMCID: PMC10793723 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticides are indispensable for the cultivation of crops, especially those of economic importance, such as soybeans. Data on the annual use of herbicides in crops show that they correspond to 50%, making it the most used in agriculture. Aim Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the three commercial herbicides (clomazone, glyphosate, and sulfentrazone) in THP-1 cells. Methods Cells were incubated with 0-5,000 mg/L of the herbicides for 24 h at 37 °C for cytotoxicity evaluation. Additionally, a few toxicological pathways such as reactive species generation, mitochondrial impairment, and interleukin profile, which have been previously involved in the toxicity of pesticides, were also evaluated. Results A potential immunotoxic effect of the herbicides on THP-1 cells was observed, especially glyphosate, as it is a powerful agent of cellular immunotoxicity. It was also possible to verify an increase in oxidative stress and IL-8 levels and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusion All herbicides showed cytotoxic effects in THP-1 monocytes, which were related to mitochondrial impairment.
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Suryavanshi VG, Tale RK, Aasole AG, Barge AK, Sanikop S, Gopashetti P. Assessment of IL-8 Levels in Saliva of Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Individuals. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S825-S827. [PMID: 38595572 PMCID: PMC11001102 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1041_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the gums and other tissues supporting the teeth, as well as gradual loss of attachment and bone, are the results of chronic periodontitis, an infectious illness. During inflammation, a group of low molecular weight proteins called cytokines facilitate a complex interaction between inflammatory cells (such neutrophils) and other cellular components in connective tissue. The cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. Therefore, it is possible that IL-8 is crucial to the development of periodontitis's pathology. Objectives 1) To estimate concentration of IL-8 levels in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis individuals. 2) To compare IL-8 levels in healthy and chronic periodontitis individuals. Materials and Methods Participants in this research will be recruited from among those who visit the outpatient department (OPD) at the NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, run by the Maratha Mandal. Control Group Subjects with no clinical attachment loss (CAL) and a probing depth of 3.0 mm are considered to be periodontally healthy. Those in Group 2 (chronic periodontitis) have a chronic form of the disease, as shown by a probing pocket depth (PPD) of less than 5 mm and CAL of less than 2 mm. Unstimulated saliva sample will be collected in a 5 mL wide-mouthed sterile container by spitting method. Samples collected will be centrifuged. The supernatant is collected and stored at -80°C and then assayed for IL-8 concentration by using the standardized IL-8 ELISA kit.
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Watrowski R, Schuster E, Hofstetter G, Fischer MB, Mahner S, Van Gorp T, Polterauer S, Zeillinger R, Obermayr E. Association of Four Interleukin-8 Polymorphisms (-251 A>T, +781 C>T, +1633 C>T, +2767 A>T) with Ovarian Cancer Risk: Focus on Menopausal Status and Endometriosis-Related Subtypes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:321. [PMID: 38397923 PMCID: PMC10886609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-8 gene have been shown to alter the risks of lung, gastric, or hepatocellular carcinomas. To date, only one study examined the role of IL-8 SNPs in ovarian cancer (OC), suggesting an association between two IL-8 SNPs and OC risk. In this study, we investigated four common IL-8 SNPs, rs4073 (-251 A>T), rs2227306 (+781 C>T), rs2227543 (+1633 C>T), and rs1126647 (+2767 A>T), using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Our study included a cohort of 413 women of Central European descent, consisting of 200 OC patients and 213 healthy controls. The most common (73.5%) histological type was high-grade serous OC (HGSOC), whereas 28/200 (14%) patients had endometriosis-related (clear cell or endometrioid) OC subtypes (EROC). In postmenopausal women, three of the four investigated SNPs, rs4073 (-251 A>T), rs2227306 (+781 C>T), and rs2227543 (+1633 C>T), were associated with OC risk. Furthermore, we are the first to report a significant relationship between the T allele or TT genotype of SNP rs1126647 (+2767 A>T) and the EROC subtype (p = 0.02 in the co-dominant model). The TT homozygotes were found more than twice as often in EROC compared to other OC subtypes (39% vs. 19%, p = 0.015). None of the examined SNPs appeared to influence OC risk in premenopausal women, nor were they associated with the aggressive HGSOC subtype or the stage of disease at the initial diagnosis.
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Pecqueux M, Brückner F, Oehme F, Hempel S, Baenke F, Riediger C, Distler M, Weitz J, Kahlert C. Preoperative IL-8 levels as prognostic indicators of overall survival: an extended follow-up in a prospective cohort with colorectal liver metastases. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:90. [PMID: 38233759 PMCID: PMC10792859 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CRC with liver metastases is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. Despite advancements in liver resection techniques, patient survival remains a concern due to high recurrence rates. This study seeks to uncover prognostic biomarkers that predict overall survival in patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for CRC liver metastases. METHODS Prospectively collected serum samples from a cohort of 49 patients who received curative hepatic resection for CRC liver metastases were studied. The patients are part of a cohort, previously analyzed for perioperative complications (see methods). Various preoperative serum markers, clinical characteristics, and factors were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between these variables and disease-free survival as well as overall survival. RESULTS For disease-free survival, univariate analysis highlighted the correlation between poor outcomes and advanced primary tumor stage, high ASA score, and synchronous liver metastases. Multivariate analysis identified nodal-positive primary tumors and synchronous metastases as independent risk factors for disease-free survival. Regarding overall survival, univariate analysis demonstrated significant links between poor survival and high preoperative IL-8 levels, elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and presence of metastases in other organs. Multivariate analysis confirmed preoperative IL-8 and having three or more liver metastases as independent risk factors for overall survival. The impact of IL-8 on survival was particularly noteworthy, surpassing the influence of established clinical factors. CONCLUSION This study establishes preoperative IL-8 levels as a potential prognostic biomarker for overall survival in patients undergoing curative liver resection for CRC liver metastases. This study underscores the importance of incorporating IL-8 and other biomarkers into clinical decision-making, facilitating improved patient stratification and tailored treatment approaches. Further research and validation studies are needed to solidify the clinical utility of IL-8 as a prognostic marker.
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Boon K, Vanalken N, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A, Schols D, Van Loy T. Systematic assessment of chemokine ligand bias at the human chemokine receptor CXCR2 indicates G protein bias over β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:43. [PMID: 38233929 PMCID: PMC10795402 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) interacting with multiple chemokines (i.e., CXC chemokine ligands CXCL1-3 and CXCL5-8). It is involved in inflammatory diseases as well as cancer. Consequently, much effort is put into the identification of CXCR2 targeting drugs. Fundamental research regarding CXCR2 signaling is mainly focused on CXCL8 (IL-8), which is the first and best described high-affinity ligand for CXCR2. Much less is known about CXCR2 activation induced by other chemokines and it remains to be determined to what extent potential ligand bias exists within this signaling system. This insight might be important to unlock new opportunities in therapeutic targeting of CXCR2. METHODS Ligand binding was determined in a competition binding assay using labeled CXCL8. Activation of the ELR + chemokine-induced CXCR2 signaling pathways, including G protein activation, β-arrestin1/2 recruitment, and receptor internalization, were quantified using NanoBRET-based techniques. Ligand bias within and between these pathways was subsequently investigated by ligand bias calculations, with CXCL8 as the reference CXCR2 ligand. Statistical significance was tested through a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. RESULTS All chemokines (CXCL1-3 and CXCL5-8) were able to displace CXCL8 from CXCR2 with high affinity and activated the same panel of G protein subtypes (Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, GαoA, GαoB, and Gα15) without any statistically significant ligand bias towards any one type of G protein. Compared to CXCL8, all other chemokines were less potent in β-arrestin1 and -2 recruitment and receptor internalization while equivalently activating G proteins, indicating a G protein activation bias for CXCL1,-2,-3,-5,-6 and CXCL7. Lastly, with CXCL8 used as reference ligand, CXCL2 and CXCL6 showed ligand bias towards β-arrestin1/2 recruitment compared to receptor internalization. CONCLUSION This study presents an in-depth analysis of signaling bias upon CXCR2 stimulation by its chemokine ligands. Using CXCL8 as a reference ligand for bias index calculations, no ligand bias was observed between chemokines with respect to activation of separate G proteins subtypes or recruitment of β-arrestin1/2 subtypes, respectively. However, compared to β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization, CXCL1-3 and CXCL5-7 were biased towards G protein activation when CXCL8 was used as reference ligand.
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Zhang M, Wang S, Guan Q, Wang J, Yan B, Zhang L, Li D. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study investigating the relationship between genetically predicted systemic inflammatory regulators and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24109. [PMID: 38268600 PMCID: PMC10806290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has shown a connection between inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however the relationship between inflammation mediators and COPD causation remains unknown. To investigate the causal relationship of mediators of inflammation and COPD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. In our study, we incorporated 41 regulators of inflammation from 8293 Finnish individuals from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of COPD corresponding to GWAS summary data for 2115 cases and 454,233 healthy individuals in Europe. Our research validated that higher levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) are related with a decrease occurrence of COPD (OR = 0.795, 95 % CI = 0.642-0.984, p = 0.035) but that elevated levels of interleukin 18(IL-18) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) may be connected to an amplified risk of COPD (OR = 1.247, 95 % CI = 1.011-1.538; p = 0.039; OR = 1.257, 95 % CI = 1.037-1.523, p = 0.020, respectively). According to our research, cytokines play a crucial role in the development of COPD, and further investigation is necessary to explore the potential of utilizing these cytokines as targets for treatment and prevention of COPD.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Yong H, Zeng S, Zuo L. Biochemical and microstructural determinants of the development of serous retinal detachment secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23716. [PMID: 38187225 PMCID: PMC10767509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the alteration of cytokine factors in aqueous humor and retinal microstructure in the formation of serous retinal detachment (SRD) secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Methods The subjects were 39 patients with RVO, of whom 31 patients had SRD (RVO-SRD). Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure the completeness of photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) and the external limiting membrane (ELM) as well as the structure of RVO-SRD, including the height and shape of SRD. The aqueous humor was collected before intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab. The concentrations of VEGF, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, b-FGF and TNF-α in the aqueous humor were measured. All patients participated in the 6-month follow-up examinations, which included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ophthalmologic examination, and SD-OCT. The time of recurrence of RVO-SRD was recorded. Results The formation of SRD was associated with the area of congested vein, disrupted IS/OS, ELM layers and high VEGF, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6 levels. However, the height and shape of SRD were not relevant to any inflammatory factors. Moreover, high levels of MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-6 were found in large areas of congested veins. High levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 were observed in the patients with incomplete IS/OS and ELM. The recurrence of SRD was related to the high MCP-1 level. Conclusion High concentrations of cytokine factors in aqueous humor could induce vascular leakage, exacerbate the extent of macular edema, disrupt the structure of ELM and IS/OS, and develop SRD in RVO.
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Haley E, Luke N, Mathur M, Festa RA, Wang J, Jiang Y, Anderson LA, Baunoch D. The Prevalence and Association of Different Uropathogens Detected by M-PCR with Infection-Associated Urine Biomarkers in Urinary Tract Infections. Res Rep Urol 2024; 16:19-29. [PMID: 38221993 PMCID: PMC10787514 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s443361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many emerging uropathogens are currently identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) in suspected UTI cases. Standard urine culture (SUC) has significantly lower detection rates, raising questions about whether these organisms are associated with UTIs and truly cause inflammation. Objective To determine if microbes detected by M-PCR were likely causative of UTI by measuring inflammatory biomarkers in the urine of symptomatic patients. Design Setting and Participants Midstream voided urine was collected from subjects ≥60 years presenting to urology clinics with symptoms of UTI (n = 1132) between 01/2023 and 05/2023. Microbe detection was by M-PCR and inflammation-associated biomarker (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 8, and interleukin 1β) was by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biomarker positivity was measured against individual and groups of organisms, E. coli and non-E. coli cases, emerging uropathogens, monomicrobial and polymicrobial cases. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis Distributions were compared using 2-sample Wilcoxon Rank Sum test with 2-tailed p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results and Limitations M-PCR was positive in 823 (72.7%) specimens with 28 of 30 (93%) microorganisms/groups detected. Twenty-six of twenty-eight detected microorganisms/groups (93%) had ≥2 biomarkers positive in >66% of cases. Both non-E. coli cases and E. coli cases had significant biomarker positivity (p < 0.05). Limitations were that a few organisms had low prevalence making inferences about their individual significance difficult. Conclusion The majority of microorganisms identified by M-PCR were associated with active inflammation measured by biomarker positivity, indicating they are likely causative of UTIs in symptomatic patients. This includes emerging uropathogens frequently not detected by standard urine culture.
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Cho WY, Lin LS, Chung CS. Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and interleukin-8 elevations in felines with localized and metastatic tumors. Am J Vet Res 2024; 85:ajvr.23.08.0179. [PMID: 37939491 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.08.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the expression of acute phase proteins and plasma cytokines in cats with various tumor types and varying metastatic statuses. ANIMALS 5 clinically healthy cats and 22 cats with neoplastic disease that underwent CT imaging before treatment were enrolled. Patients were grouped based on their tumor types and metastatic status. METHODS Blood samples were collected from all cats for general blood analyses before they underwent CT imaging. The remaining plasma sample was frozen for subsequent alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and feline cytokine panel measurements. These results were compared with those of healthy cats as well as between metastatic status and tumor types. RESULTS Only 4 cats (18%) exhibited elevated SAA levels, whereas 16 (73%) showed elevated AGP levels. AGP was significantly increased in cats with tumors (P = .016), while SAA was not. Only IL-8 showed a significant difference (P = .002) between cats with primary tumors and those with radiologically suspected tumor metastasis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE While AGP is a more prominent biomarker than SAA in cats with tumors, a significant elevation of AGP and SAA levels in association with metastasis and specific tumor types could not be identified. Alternatively, further investigation is warranted to evaluate the potential significance of IL-8 in tumor progression and metastasis.
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VandenBussche CJ, Heaney CD, Kates M, Hooks JJ, Baloga K, Sokoll L, Rosenthal D, Detrick B. Urinary IL-6 and IL-8 as predictive markers in bladder urothelial carcinoma: A pilot study. Cancer Cytopathol 2024; 132:50-59. [PMID: 37812596 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are known to be a key a factor in numerous malignancies and to exert an important regulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Interest has grown in understanding how cytokines modulate the tumor microenvironment and which cytokines may serve as markers of the tumor process; however, a complete picture of the cytokine landscape in bladder cancer remains unclear. METHODS Fresh urine specimens with sufficient volume were collected at random intervals. The urine concentrations of IL-8 (CXCL8), CCL18, and CXCL9 were determined using the standard commercially available enzyme immunoassay. The urine concentrations of IL-6 were determined using the high sensitivity enzyme immunoassay kit. Urinary cytokine concentrations were normalized with urinary creatinine concentrations. RESULTS Significantly elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected in the urine from patients with urothelial carcinoma on follow-up compared to patients with benign follow-up. The presence of both IL-6 and IL-8 in the urine samples from the high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) cohort revealed a clear discrimination when compared to samples from patients with benign follow-up. The presence of the combination of both IL-6 and IL-8 had a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 81.25%. Similar data were obtained when receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed on both IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the urine from patients with HGUC vs. the hematuria cohort. CONCLUSIONS The presence of IL-6 and IL-8 in urine specimens may have predictive value for urothelial carcinoma. However, a large longitudinal study is required to statistically eliminate confounding factors and support this theory.
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Rey I, Effendi-Ys R, Sukatendel K. The Comparison of Serum Interleukin-8 Levels Based on Severity of Liver Cirrhosis. Med Arch 2024; 78:92-94. [PMID: 38566873 PMCID: PMC10983089 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2024.78.92-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The molecule known as Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemotactic leukocyte, has been found to have a crucial role in the perpetuation of the inflammatory environment that is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as in the development of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Objective The aim of this study was to carefully examine the role of IL-8 in the inflammatory reaction and to compare the levels based on the severity of liver cirrhosis. Methods The study was conducted from February 2018 to September 2018 at the Gastroenterohepatology Division, Internal medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The study was designed as an analytic comparative, cross-sectional study. The liver cirrhosis patients who participated in this study met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent. Results A total of 70 patients were included in the study, from which we identified 1 individual with child-pugh A, 28 individuals with child-pugh B, and 41 individuals with child-pugh C. The serum level of IL-8 was found to be 98 (11-320) (pg/ml). The IL-8 levels between child-pugh B and C patients did not exhibit any noteworthy differences during our analysis (p = 0.109, p>0.05). Conclusion There is no notable inequality in the levels of IL-8 across different stages of liver cirrhosis.
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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Yeung S, Agarwal V, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Dua K. Ribavirin attenuates carcinogenesis by downregulating IL-6 and IL-8 in vitro in human lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155038. [PMID: 38101157 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, whereby the major contributing factors are cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental pollutants. Despite the availability of numerous treatment options, including chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate is still extremely low, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel, more effective therapeutic strategies. In this context, the repurposing of previously approved drugs is an advantage in terms of time and resources invested. Ribavirin is an antiviral drug approved for the treatment of hepatitis C, which shows potential for repurposing as an anticancer agent. Among the many signaling molecules promoting carcinogenesis, the interleukins (ILs) IL-6 and IL-8 are interesting therapeutic targets as they promote a variety of cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we show that ribavirin significantly downregulates the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in vitro in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The results of this study shed light on the anticancer mechanisms of ribavirin, providing further proof of its potential as a repurposed drug for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Zhao C, Zheng L, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Yue C, Gu F, Niu G, Chen Y. Low-dose metformin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via the AMPK/JNK/ IL-8 pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241249445. [PMID: 38679570 PMCID: PMC11057349 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241249445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug, has been suggested to possess antitumour activity in several types of cancers. Additionally, interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been reported to be involved in the development and metastasis of many cancers. However, the effect of metformin on IL-8 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether metformin could inhibit IL-8 expression to exert an inhibitory effect on HCC progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The IL-8 levels were measured in the plasma of 159 HCC patients (86 men, 73 women; average age 56 years) and in the culture supernatant of HCC cells (Hep3B and HuH7) using flow cytometry. In addition, the protein expression levels of IL-8 were also validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The prognostic value of IL-8 was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The association between IL-8 expression and immune checkpoints was estimated using the TIMER and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. What's more, bioinformatics analysis, western blotting, and transwell assays were conducted to illustrate the molecular mechanism of metformin (≤1 mM) on IL-8 in HCC. RESULTS IL-8 expression was found to be increased in the plasma of HCC patients, which is consistent with the expression of IL-8 in HCC cells and tissues. High expression of IL-8 was significantly related to poor prognosis. In addition, IL-8 was positively correlated with immune checkpoints in HCC. Notably, we found that low-dose metformin could inhibit the secretion of IL-8 by HCC cells and the migration of HCC cells. Mechanistically, low-dose metformin significantly suppresses HCC metastasis mainly through the AMPK/JNK/IL-8/MMP9 pathway. CONCLUSION The results indicate that low-dose metformin can inhibit HCC metastasis by suppressing IL-8 expression. Targeting the AMPK/JNK/IL-8 axis may be a promising treatment strategy for patients with HCC metastasis.
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Saikia R, Pathak K, Das A, Tayeng D, Ahmad MZ, Das J, Bordoloi S, Pathak MP. Design, QSAR Methodology, Synthesis and Assessment of Some Structurally Different Xanthone Derivatives as Selective Cox-2 Inhibitors for their Anti-inflammatory Properties. Med Chem 2024; 20:78-91. [PMID: 37594099 DOI: 10.2174/1573406419666230818092253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation can be defined as a complex biological response that is produced by body tissues to harmful agents like pathogens, irritants, and damaged cells and thereby acts as a protective response incorporating immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. Histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, leukotrienes (LTB4), prostaglandins (PGE2), prostacyclins, reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-11, TNF- anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-6 and IL-13, etc. all have different effects on both pro and anti-inflammatory mediators. Incorporation of combinatorial chemistry and computational studies have helped the researchers to design xanthones moieties with high selectivity that can serve as a lead compound and help develop potential compounds that can act as effective COX-2 inhibitors. The study aims to design and develop different series of substituted hydroxyxanthone derivatives with anti-inflammatory potential. METHODS The partially purified synthetic xanthone derivatives were orally administered to the carrageenan induced paw oedemic rat models at the dose of 100 mg/kg, and their effect in controlling the degree of inflammation was measured at the time interval of 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hrs. respectively. Further, these compounds were also subjected to modern analytical studies like UV, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry or their characterization. RESULTS The results drawn out of the in silico, in vitro, in vivo and analytical studies concluded that the hydroxyxanthone derivatives can obstruct the enzyme COX-2 and produce anti-inflammatory action potentially. CONCLUSION With the aim to evaluate the compounds for their anti-inflammatory activity, it was observed that the newly designed xanthonic compounds also possess a safe toxicity margin and hence can be utilized by the researchers to develop hybrid xanthonic moieties that can specifically target the enzyme COX-2.
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Wang Z, Chu C, Ding Y, Li Y, Lu C. Clinical significance of serum microRNA-146a and inflammatory factors in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after azithromycin treatment. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:108-115. [PMID: 37778397 PMCID: PMC10751685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after azithromycin treatment. microRNA-146a is known to regulate inflammatory responses, and excessive inflammation is a primary characteristic of MPP. METHODS Children with MPP received conventional symptomatic therapy along with intravenous administration of azithromycin for one week. Serum levels of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors were measured using RT-qPCR and ELISA kits, respectively. The correlation between microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was analyzed by the Pearson method. Pulmonary function indexes were assessed using a pulmonary function analyzer, and their correlation with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors after treatment was evaluated. Children with MPP were divided into effective and ineffective treatment groups, and the clinical significance of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Serum microRNA-146a was downregulated in children with MPP but upregulated after azithromycin treatment, contrasting with the trend observed for pro-inflammatory factors. MicroRNA-146a showed a negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pulmonary function parameters were initially reduced in children with MPP, but increased after treatment, showing positive/inverse associations with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors. Higher microRNA-146a and lower pro-inflammatory factors predicted better efficacy of azithromycin treatment. MicroRNA-146a, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were identified as independent factors influencing treatment efficacy. CONCLUSION Azithromycin treatment in children with MPP upregulates microRNA-146a, downregulates pro-inflammatory factors, and effectively improves pulmonary function.
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