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Gangapuram M, Mazzio EA, Redda KK, Soliman KFA. Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells in Response to a Novel Cytostatic Tetrahydroisoquinoline Compared to Paclitaxel. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147694. [PMID: 34299315 PMCID: PMC8306781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of chemotherapeutic target hormone receptors in breast cancer is descriptive of the commonly known triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. TNBC remains one of the most aggressive invasive breast cancers, with the highest mortality rates in African American women. Therefore, new drug therapies are continually being explored. Microtubule-targeting agents such as paclitaxel (Taxol) interfere with microtubules dynamics, induce mitotic arrest, and remain a first-in-class adjunct drug to treat TNBC. Recently, we synthesized a series of small molecules of substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs). The lead compound of this series, with the most potent cytostatic effect, was identified as 4-Ethyl-N-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl) benzamide (GM-4-53). In our previous work, GM-4-53 was similar to paclitaxel in its capacity to completely abrogate cell cycle in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, with the former not impairing tubulin depolymerization. Given that GM-4-53 is a cytostatic agent, and little is known about its mechanism of action, here, we elucidate differences and similarities to paclitaxel by evaluating whole-transcriptome microarray data in MDA-MB-231 cells. The data obtained show that both drugs were cytostatic at non-toxic concentrations and caused deformed morphological cytoskeletal enlargement in 2D cultures. In 3D cultures, the data show greater core penetration, observed by GM-4-53, than paclitaxel. In concentrations where the drugs entirely blocked the cell cycle, the transcriptome profile of the 48,226 genes analyzed (selection criteria: (p-value, FDR p-value < 0.05, fold change −2< and >2)), paclitaxel evoked 153 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GM-4-53 evoked 243 DEGs, and, of these changes, 52/153 paclitaxel DEGs were also observed by GM-4-53, constituting a 34% overlap. The 52 DEGS analysis by String database indicates that these changes involve transcripts that influence microtubule spindle formation, chromosome segregation, mitosis/cell cycle, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Of interest, both drugs effectively downregulated “inhibitor of DNA binding, dominant negative helix-loop-helix” (ID) transcripts; ID1, ID3 and ID4, and amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) transcripts, which play a formidable role in cell division. Given the efficient solubility of GM-4-53, its low molecular weight (MW; 296), and capacity to penetrate a small solid tumor mass and effectively block the cell cycle, this drug may have future therapeutic value in treating TNBC or other cancers. Future studies will be required to evaluate this drug in preclinical models.
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Padilla-Arellanes S, Salgado-Garciglia R, Báez-Magaña M, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE. Cytotoxicity of a Lipid-Rich Extract from Native Mexican Avocado Seed ( Persea americana var. drymifolia) on Canine Osteosarcoma D-17 Cells and Synergistic Activity with Cytostatic Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144178. [PMID: 34299459 PMCID: PMC8304388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in both children and dogs. It is an aggressive and metastatic cancer with a poor prognosis for long-term survival. The search for new anti-cancer drugs with fewer side effects has become an essential goal for cancer chemotherapy; in this sense, the bioactive compounds from avocado have proved their efficacy as cytotoxic molecules. The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of a lipid-rich extract (LEAS) from Mexican native avocado seed (Persea americana var. drymifolia) on canine osteosarcoma D-17 cell line. Also, the combined activity with cytostatic drugs was evaluated. LEAS was cytotoxic to D-17 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 = 15.5 µg/mL. Besides, LEAS induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis by the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Moreover, LEAS induced a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased superoxide anion production and mitochondrial ROS. Also, LEAS induced the arrest of the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Finally, LEAS improved the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin, carboplatin, and in less extension, doxorubicin against the canine osteosarcoma cell line through a synergistic effect. In conclusion, avocado could be a potential source of bioactive molecules in the searching treatments for osteosarcoma.
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Miglietta G, Russo M, Duardo RC, Capranico G. G-quadruplex binders as cytostatic modulators of innate immune genes in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6673-6686. [PMID: 34139015 PMCID: PMC8266585 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical nucleic acid structures involved in fundamental biological processes. As G4s are promising anticancer targets, in past decades the search for effective anticancer G4 binders aimed at the discovery of more cytotoxic ligands interfering with specific G4 structures at oncogenes or telomeres. Here, we have instead observed a significant activation of innate immune genes by two unrelated ligands at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The studied G4 binders (pyridostatin and PhenDC3) can induce an increase of micronuclei triggering the activation of the cytoplasmic STING (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1) signaling pathway in human and murine cancer cells. Ligand activity can then lead to type I interferon production and innate immune gene activation. Moreover, specific gene expression patterns mediated by a G4 binder in cancer cells correlate with immunological hot features and better survival in human TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) breast tumors. The findings open to the development of cytostatic G4 binders as effective immunomodulators for combination immunotherapies in unresponsive tumors.
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Hyvönen MT, Khomutov M, Vepsäläinen J, Khomutov AR, Keinänen TA. α-Difluoromethylornithine-Induced Cytostasis is Reversed by Exogenous Polyamines, Not by Thymidine Supplementation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050707. [PMID: 34068700 PMCID: PMC8151227 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine spermidine is essential for the proliferation of eukaryotic cells. Administration of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) induces cytostasis that occurs in two phases; the early phase which can be reversed by spermidine, spermine, and some of their analogs, and the late phase which is characterized by practically complete depletion of cellular spermidine pool. The growth of cells at the late phase can be reversed by spermidine and by very few of its analogs, including (S)-1-methylspermidine. It was reported previously (Witherspoon et al. Cancer Discovery 3(9); 1072–81, 2013) that DFMO treatment leads to depletion of cellular thymidine pools, and that exogenous thymidine supplementation partially prevents DFMO-induced cytostasis without affecting intracellular polyamine pools in HT-29, SW480, and LoVo colorectal cancer cells. Here we show that thymidine did not prevent DFMO-induced cytostasis in DU145, LNCaP, MCF7, CaCo2, BT4C, SV40MES13, HepG2, HEK293, NIH3T3, ARPE19 or HT-29 cell lines, whereas administration of functionally active mimetic of spermidine, (S)-1-methylspermidine, did. Thus, the effect of thymidine seems to be specific only for certain cell lines. We conclude that decreased polyamine levels and possibly also distorted pools of folate-dependent metabolites mediate the anti-proliferative actions of DFMO. However, polyamines are necessary and sufficient to overcome DFMO-induced cytostasis, while thymidine is generally not.
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Hopff SM, Onambele LA, Brandenburg M, Berkessel A, Prokop A. Sensitizing multidrug-resistant leukemia cells to common cytostatics by an aluminium-salen complex that has high-apoptotic effects in leukemia, lymphoma and mamma carcinoma cells. Biometals 2021; 34:211-220. [PMID: 33560473 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the aluminium-salen complex MBR-8 as a potential anti-cancer agent. To see apoptotic effects induced by MBR-8, alone and in combination with common cytostatic drugs, DNA-fragmentations were studied using the flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis and measurement of the mitochondrial membrane potential with a JC-1 dye were employed to identify the pathway of apoptosis. An impressive overcoming of multidrug-resistance in leukemia (Nalm6) cells was observed. Additionally, solid tumor cells including Burkitt-like lymphoma (BJAB) and mamma carcinoma cells (MCF-7) are affected by MBR-8 in the same way. Western blot analysis revealed activation of caspase-3. MBR-8 showed very pronounced selectivity with regard to tumor cells and high synergistic effects in Nalm6 and daunorubicin-resistant Nalm6 cells when administered in combination with vincristine, daunorubicin and doxorubicin. The aluminium-salen complex MBR-8 showed very promising anti-cancer properties which warrant further development towards a cytostatic agent for future chemotherapy. Studies on aluminium compounds for cancer therapy are rare, and our report adds to this important body of knowledge.
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Tlili H, Hanen N, Ben Arfa A, Neffati M, Boubakri A, Buonocore D, Dossena M, Verri M, Doria E. Biochemical profile and in vitro biological activities of extracts from seven folk medicinal plants growing wild in southern Tunisia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213049. [PMID: 31527869 PMCID: PMC6748424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to the extracts obtained from plant species in order to analyse their biological activities. Due to the climate diversity in Tunisia, the traditional pharmacopoeia consists of a wide arsenal of medicinal plant species since long used in folk medicine, in foods as spices, and in aromatherapy. Although many of these species are nearly facing extinction, only a small proportion of them have been scientifically studied. Therefore, this study explores the biochemical properties of seven spontaneous plants, which were harvested in the arid Tunisian desert: Marrubium vulgare (L.), Rhus tripartita (Ucria) D.C., Thymelaea hirsute (L.) Endl., Plantago ovata (Forsk.), Herniaria fontanesii (J. Gay.), Ziziphus lotus (L.) and Hyoscyamus albus (L.). Extracts from these plants were found to contain different types of secondary metabolites (polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, crude saponins, carotenoids and alkaloids) that are involved in important biological activities. The biological activity of the extracts obtained from each Tunisian plant was assessed: first of all, leukaemia and colon cancer cell lines (K-562 and CaCo-2 respectively) were treated with different concentrations of extracts, and then the anti-proliferative activity was observed. The results showed, in particular, how the plant extract from Rhus tripartita significantly inhibits cell proliferation, especially on the K-562 tumour cell line. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed, and the results showed that Herniaria fontanesii and Marrubium vulgare possess the highest activity in the group of analysed plants. Finally, the greatest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect was exhibited by the extract obtained from Rhus tripartita. In conclusion, all the Tunisian plants we analysed were shown to contain a remarkable amount of different bio-active compounds, thus confirming their involvement in several biological activities. Rhus tripartita and Ziziphus lotus were shown to be particularly effective in anti-proliferative activity, while Herniaria fontanesii were shown to have the best anti-inflammatory activity.
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Ali MS, Ahmed G, Mesaik MA, Shah MR, Lateef M, Ali MI. Facile one-pot syntheses of new C-28 esters of oleanolic acid and studies on their antiproliferative effect on T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:417-421. [PMID: 30074901 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship studies on oleanolic acid (1) have resulted in facile syntheses of its new C-28 esters 2-7 by way of one-pot reaction of 1 with a variety of alkylating agents. Oleanolic acid and its new esters were studied for their in vitro antiproliferative effect on healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolated phytohemagglutinin activated T cells. Results showed that compounds 1, 3, and 5 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on T-cell proliferation. Compound 5 was found to be the most potent, with an IC50 value of 4.249 μg/mL, among all tested compounds, and its activity could be attributed to the presence of bromine atom in the molecule.
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Bege M, Kiss A, Kicsák M, Bereczki I, Baksa V, Király G, Szemán-Nagy G, Szigeti MZ, Herczegh P, Borbás A. Synthesis and Cytostatic Effect of 3'-deoxy-3'- C-Sulfanylmethyl Nucleoside Derivatives with d- xylo Configuration. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112173. [PMID: 31185601 PMCID: PMC6600393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A small library of 3’-deoxy-C3’-substituted xylofuranosyl-pyrimidine nucleoside analogues were prepared by photoinduced thiol-ene addition of various thiols, including normal and branched alkyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl-, and sugar thiols, to 3’-exomethylene derivatives of 2’,5’-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-protected ribothymidine and uridine. The bioactivity of these derivatives was studied on tumorous SCC (mouse squamous carcinoma cell) and immortalized control HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines. Several alkyl-substituted analogues elicited promising cytostatic activity in low micromolar concentrations with a slight selectivity toward tumor cells. Near-infrared live-cell imaging revealed SCC tumor cell-specific mitotic blockade via genotoxicity of analogue 10, bearing an n-butyl side chain. This analogue essentially affects the chromatin structure of SCC tumor cells, inducing a condensed nuclear material and micronuclei as also supported by fluorescent microscopy. The results highlight that thiol-ene chemistry represents an efficient strategy to discover novel nucleoside analogues with non-natural sugar structures as anticancer agents.
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Ling T, Lang WH, Maier J, Quintana Centurion M, Rivas F. Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Natural Products against Cancer Cell Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102012. [PMID: 31130671 PMCID: PMC6571673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of drug resistant and/or high-risk cancers indicate further drug discovery research is required to improve patient outcome. This study outlines a simplified approach to identify lead compounds from natural products against several cancer cell lines, and provides the basis to better understand structure activity relationship of the natural product cephalotaxine. Using high-throughput screening, a natural product library containing fractions and pure compounds was interrogated for proliferation inhibition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cellular models (SUP-B15 and KOPN-8). Initial hits were verified in control and counter screens, and those with EC50 values ranging from nanomolar to low micromolar were further characterized via mass spectrometry, NMR, and cytotoxicity measurements. Most of the active compounds were alkaloid natural products including cephalotaxine and homoharringtonine, which were validated as protein synthesis inhibitors with significant potency against several cancer cell lines. A generated BODIPY-cephalotaxine probe provides insight into the mode of action of cephalotaxine and further rationale for its weaker potency when compared to homoharringtonine. The steroidal natural products (ecdysone and muristerone A) also showed modest biological activity and protein synthesis inhibition. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that natural products continue to provide insight into structure and function of molecules with therapeutic potential against drug resistant cancer cell models.
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Gaugaz FZ, Chicca A, Redondo-Horcajo M, Barasoain I, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis, Microtubule-Binding Affinity, and Antiproliferative Activity of New Epothilone Analogs and of an EGFR-Targeted Epothilone-Peptide Conjugate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1113. [PMID: 30841526 PMCID: PMC6429585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simplified, epoxide-free epothilone analog was prepared incorporating an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzimidazole side chain, which binds to microtubules with high affinity and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro with nM potency. Building on this scaffold, a disulfide-linked conjugate with the purported EGFR-binding (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) peptide GE11 was then prepared. The conjugate retained significant microtubule-binding affinity, in spite of the size of the peptide attached to the benzimidazole side chain. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugate was significantly lower than for the parent scaffold and, surprisingly, was independent of the EGFR expression status of cells. Our data indicate that the disulfide-based conjugation with the GE11 peptide is not a viable approach for effective tumor-targeting of highly potent epothilones and probably not for other cytotoxics.
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Milczarek M, Mielczarek L, Lubelska K, Dąbrowska A, Chilmonczyk Z, Matosiuk D, Wiktorska K. In Vitro Evaluation of Sulforaphane and a Natural Analog as Potent Inducers of 5-Fluorouracil Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113040. [PMID: 30469330 PMCID: PMC6278648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (R-NCS) are sulphur-containing phytochemicals. The main source are plants of the Brassicaceae family. The best known plant-derived isothiocyanate is sulforaphane that has exhibited anticancer activity in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Recent attempts to expand their use in cancer therapy involve combining them with standard chemotherapeutics in order to increase their therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of sulforaphane and its natural analog alyssin on the anticancer activity of the well-known anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. The type of drug-drug interactions was determined in prostate and colon cancer cell lines. Confocal microscopy, western blot and flow cytometry methods were employed to determine the mechanism of cytotoxic and cytostatic action of the combinations. The study revealed that additive or synergistic interactions were observed between 5-fluorouracil and both isothiocyanates, which enhanced the anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil, particularly in colon cancer cell lines. An increased cytostatic effect was observed in case of alyssin while for sulforaphane the synergistic interaction with 5-fluorouracil involved an intensification of apoptotic cell death.
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Qin XJ, Ni W, Chen CX, Liu HY. Seeing the light: Shifting from wild rhizomes to extraction of active ingredients from above-ground parts of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:134-139. [PMID: 29792919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as hemostatic, antitumor, and antimicrobial agents. More than 70 Chinese patent medicines are based on P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. Steroidal saponins are considered as the main active ingredients of these rhizomes. However, wild populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are greatly threatened due to the illegal wild harvest and over-utilization of the rhizomes. In contrast, the renewable above-ground parts (leaves and stems) of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are usually thrown away as waste material, whether from wild or cultivated material. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to use HPLC analyses of chemical constituents and bioactive assays to assess whether the above-ground parts could be an alternative source of active ingredients to the rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The saponin components of the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were analyzed by HPLC-UV. The total saponins extracted from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were evaluated for their hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities by using the rabbit blood in vitro based on turbidimetric method, MTT assay method, and a dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test method, respectively. RESULTS Four bioactive spirostanol saponins (paris saponins I, II, VI, and VII) were detected in the total saponins from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which indicated they should have similar pharmacological properties. The bioactive assays revealed that both the parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis exhibited the same hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial effects. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that based on saponin content in the above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the requirements stipulated in 2015 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the above-ground parts (especially its leaves) can be an alternative and more sustainable source of active ingredients compared to the rhizomes.
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Grabkowska-Drużyc M, Andrei G, Schols D, Snoeck R, Piotrowska DG. Isoxazolidine Conjugates of N3-Substituted 6-Bromoquinazolinones-Synthesis, Anti-Varizella-Zoster Virus, and Anti-Cytomegalovirus Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081889. [PMID: 30060562 PMCID: PMC6222691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of N-methyl C-(diethoxyphosphoryl) nitrone to N3-substituted 6-bromo-2-vinyl-3H-quinazolin-4-ones gave (3-diethoxyphosphoryl) isoxazolidines substituted at C5 with quinazolinones modified at N3. All isoxazolidine cycloadducts were screened for antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of DNA and RNA viruses. Several isoxazolidines inhibited the replication of both thymidine kinase wild-type and deficient (TK⁺ and TK-) varicella-zoster virus strains at EC50 in the 5.4⁻13.6 μΜ range, as well as human cytomegalovirus (EC50 = 8.9⁻12.5 μΜ). Isoxazolidines trans-11b, trans-11c, trans-11e, trans-11f/cis-11f, trans-11g, trans-11h, and trans-11i/cis-11i exhibited moderate cytostatic activity towards the human lymphocyte cell line CEM (IC50 = 9.6⁻17 μM).
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Elgner F, Sabino C, Basic M, Ploen D, Grünweller A, Hildt E. Inhibition of Zika Virus Replication by Silvestrol. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040149. [PMID: 29584632 PMCID: PMC5923443 DOI: 10.3390/v10040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2016 in South America with specific pathogenic outcomes highlighted the need for new antiviral substances with broad-spectrum activities to react quickly to unexpected outbreaks of emerging viral pathogens. Very recently, the natural compound silvestrol isolated from the plant Aglaia foveolata was found to have very potent antiviral effects against the (−)-strand RNA-virus Ebola virus as well as against Corona- and Picornaviruses with a (+)-strand RNA-genome. This antiviral activity is based on the impaired translation of viral RNA by the inhibition of the DEAD-box RNA helicase eukaryotic initiation factor-4A (eIF4A) which is required to unwind structured 5´-untranslated regions (5′-UTRs) of several proto-oncogenes and thereby facilitate their translation. Zika virus is a flavivirus with a positive-stranded RNA-genome harboring a 5′-capped UTR with distinct secondary structure elements. Therefore, we investigated the effects of silvestrol on ZIKV replication in A549 cells and primary human hepatocytes. Two different ZIKV strains were used. In both infected A549 cells and primary human hepatocytes, silvestrol has the potential to exert a significant inhibition of ZIKV replication for both analyzed strains, even though the ancestor strain from Uganda is less sensitive to silvestrol. Our data might contribute to identify host factors involved in the control of ZIKV infection and help to develop antiviral concepts that can be used to treat a variety of viral infections without the risk of resistances because a host protein is targeted.
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Zubenko OS, Semeniuk DO, Starenka IO, Pogribnyy PV. Effect of cytostatic agents on expression levels of human beta-defensins-1-4 in A431 and MCF-7 cell lines. Exp Oncol 2018; 40:79-81. [PMID: 29600981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the study was to analyze an effect of cytostatic agents of different mechanism of action on expression levels of human beta-defensins-1-4 (hBD-1-4) in cultured human cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression levels of hBD-1-4 mRNA were assessed using qPCR in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells treated with cisplatin, methotrexate, doxorubicin or vincristine at the IC20 concentrations. RESULTS The cytostatic agents with different mechanisms of action affected differently expression of hBDs, dependent on the cell line. Mostly, cytostatic agents suppressed significantly expression of hBDs. In contrast, vincristine caused significant up-regulation of hBD-1 (12 fold, p < 0.05) and hBD-4 (2 fold, p < 0.05) in MCF7, and doxorubicin significantly enhanced expression of hBD-3 (2 fold, p < 0.05) and hBD-4 (> 10 fold, p < 0.05) in A431 cells. CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study show that expression levels of hBD-1-4 may be altered upon treatment with cytostatic agents depending on nature of cells.
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Głowacka IE, Andrei G, Schols D, Snoeck R, Gawron K. Design, Synthesis, and the Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Acyclic 1,2,3-Triazole Nucleosides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350:1700166. [PMID: 28763115 PMCID: PMC7161868 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of N3 -benzoylated- and N3 -benzylated N1 -propargylquinazoline-2,4-diones 30a-d and 31a-d from isatoic anhydride 41 is reported. The alkynes 30a-d and 31a-d were applied in the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with azides 27 and 28 to synthesize acyclic 1,2,3-triazole nucleosides. The obtained alkynes and 1,2,3-triazole were evaluated for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. The alkyne 30d showed activity against adenovirus-2 (EC50 = 8.3 μM), while compounds 37a and 37d were also active toward herpes simplex virus-1 wild-type and thymidine kinase deficient (HSV-1 TK- ) strains (EC50 values in the range of 4.6-13.8 μM). In addition, compounds 30a, 30b, 37b, and 37c exhibited activity toward varicella-zoster virus (VZV) TK+ and TK- strains (EC50 = 2.1-9.5 μM). The compound 30b proved to be the most selective against VZV and displayed marginal activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Although the compound 30a had improved anti-HCMV activity, the increase in anti-HCMV activity was accompanied by significant toxicity. Compounds 37a and 37d showed inhibitory effects toward the human T lymphocyte (CEM) cell line (IC50 = 21 ± 7 and 22 ± 1 μM, respectively), while compound 35 exhibited cytostatic activity toward HMEC-1 cells (IC50 = 28 ± 2 μM).
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Bodle CR, Mackie DI, Hayes MP, Schamp JH, Miller MR, Henry MD, Doorn JA, Houtman JCD, James MA, Roman DL. Natural Products Discovered in a High-Throughput Screen Identified as Inhibitors of RGS17 and as Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Agents for Lung and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017. [PMID: 28621943 PMCID: PMC5567870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of G Protein Signaling (RGS) 17 is an overexpressed promoter of cancer survival in lung and prostate tumors, the knockdown of which results in decreased tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Identification of drug-like molecules inhibiting this protein could ameliorate the RGS17's pro-tumorigenic effect. Using high-throughput screening, a chemical library containing natural products was interrogated for inhibition of the RGS17-Gαo interaction. Initial hits were verified in control and counter screens. Leads were characterized via biochemical, mass spectrometric, Western blot, microscopic, and cytotoxicity measures. Four known compounds (1-4) were identified with IC50 values ranging from high nanomolar to low micromolar. Three compounds were extensively characterized biologically, demonstrating cellular activity determined by confocal microscopy, and two compounds were assessed via ITC exhibiting high nanomolar to low micromolar dissociation constants. The compounds were found to have a cysteine-dependent mechanism of binding, verified through site-directed mutagenesis and cysteine reactivity assessment. Two compounds, sanguinarine (1) and celastrol (2), were found to be cytostatic against lung and prostate cancer cell lines and cytotoxic against prostate cancer cell lines in vitro, although the dependence of RGS17 on these phenomena remains elusive, a result that is perhaps not surprising given the multimodal cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of many natural products.
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Chekhun VF, Lukianova NY, Borikun TV, Zadvorny TV, Mokhir A. Artemisinin modulating effect on human breast cancer cell lines with different sensitivity to cytostatics. Exp Oncol 2017; 39:25-29. [PMID: 28361857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore effects of Artemisinin on a series of breast cancer cells with different sensitivity to typical cytotoxic drugs (doxorubicin - Dox; cisplatin - DDP) and to investigate possible artemisinin-induced modification of the mechanisms of drug resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on wild-type breast cancer MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7/S) and its two sublines MCF-7/Dox and MCF-7/DDP resistant to Dox and DDP, respectively. The cells were treated with artemisinin and iron-containing magnetic fluid. The latter was added to modulate iron levels in the cells and explore its role in artemisinin-induced effects. The MTT assay was used to monitor cell viability, whereas changes of expression of selected proteins participating in regulation of cellular iron homeostasis were estimated using immunocytochemical methods. Finally, relative expression levels of miRNA-200b, -320a, and -34a were examined by using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Artemisinin affects mechanisms of the resistance of breast cancer cells towards both Dox and DDP at sub-toxic doses. The former drug induces changes of expression of iron-regulating proteins via different mechanisms, including epigenetic regulation. Particularly, the disturbances in ferritin heavy chain 1, lactoferrin, hepcidin (decrease) and ferroportin (increase) expression (р ≤ 0.05) were established. The most enhanced increase of miRNA expression under artemisinin influence were found for miRNA-200b in MCF-7/DDP cells (7.1 ± 0.98 fold change), miRNA-320a in MCF-7/Dox cells (2.9 ± 0.45 fold change) and miRNA-34a (1.7 ± 0.15 fold change) in MCF-7/S cells. It was observed that the sensitivity to artemisinin can be influenced by changing iron levels in cells. CONCLUSIONS Artemisinin can modify iron metabolism of breast cancer cells by its cytotoxic effect, but also by inducing changes in expression of iron-regulating proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), involved in their regulation. This modification affects the mechanisms that are implicated in drug-resistance, that makes artemisinin a perspective modulator of cell sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Chekhun VF, Lozovska YV, Naleskina LA, Borikun TV, Burlaka AP, Todor IN, Demash DV, Yalovenko TM, Zadvornyi TV, Pavlova AO, Storchay DM, Lukianova NY. Modifying effects of 5-azacytidine on metal-containing proteins profile in Guerin carcinoma with different sensitivity to cytostatics. Exp Oncol 2016; 38:283-287. [PMID: 28230826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the influence of the treatment with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on the profile of metal-containing proteins and factors of their regulation in Guerin carcinoma cells in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on Wistar rats transplanted with wild-type Guerin carcinoma (Guerin/WT) and its strains resistant to cisplatin (Guerin/CP) or doxorubicin (Guerin/Dox). Animals were distributed in 6 groups treated with 5-aza and control animals without treatment. 5-Aza was injected by i.v. route (1 injection in 4 days at a dose of 2 mg/kg starting from the 4th day after tumor transplantation, 4 injections in total). Ferritin levels in blood serum and tumor tissue were measured by ELISA, transferrin and free iron complexes - by low-temperature EPR, miRNA-200b, -133a and -320a levels and promoter methylation - by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The study has shown that 5-aza treatment caused demethylation of promoter regions of fth1 and tfr1 genes in all studied Guerin carcinoma strains. 5-Aza treatment resulted in a significant decrease of ferritin levels in tumor tissue (by 32.1% in Guerin/WT strain, by 29.8% in Guerin/Dox and by 69.1% in Guerin/CP). These events were accompanied by 3.5-fold and 2-fold increase of free iron complexes levels in tumor tissue of doxorubicin and cisplatin resistant strains, respectively. Also, 5-aza treatment resulted in significantly elevated levels of miR-200b, -133a, 320a expression in tumor tissue. After 5-aza treatment, ferritin levels in blood serum of animals with Guerin/Dox were increased by 23.9%, while in Guerin/Wt and Guerin/CP they were decreased by 17 and 16%, respectively. CONCLUSION Alterations of epigenetic regulation upon in vivo treatment with 5-aza change the levels of metal-containing proteins due to DNA demethylation and altered miRNA expression profiles in Guerin carcinoma cells.
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Głowacka IE, Gulej R, Grzonkowski P, Andrei G, Schols D, Snoeck R, Piotrowska DG. Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates. Molecules 2016; 21:E1420. [PMID: 27792200 PMCID: PMC6273621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of diethyl {4-[(5-substituted-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)-methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates designed as analogues of amonafide was synthesized. All phosphonates were assessed for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses and several of them showed potency against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) [EC50 (50% effective concentration) = 27.6-91.5 μM]. Compound 16b exhibited the highest activity against a thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) VZV strain (EC50 = 27.59 μM), while 16d was the most potent towards TK⁺ VZV (EC50 = 29.91 μM). Cytostatic properties of the compounds 14a-i-17a-i were studied on L1210, CEM, HeLa and HMEC-1 cell lines and most of them were slightly cytostatic for HeLa [IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 29-130 µM] and L1210 cells [IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 14-142 µM].
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Piotrowska DG, Andrei G, Schols D, Snoeck R, Grabkowska-Drużyc M. New Isoxazolidine-Conjugates of Quinazolinones-Synthesis, Antiviral and Cytostatic Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070959. [PMID: 27455228 PMCID: PMC6273226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of (3-diethoxyphosphoryl)isoxazolidines substituted at C5 with various quinazolinones have been synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-methyl-C-(diethoxyphosphoryl)nitrone with N3-substitued 2-vinyl-3H-quinazolin-4-ones. All isoxazolidines were assessed for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. Isoxazolidines trans-11f/cis-11f (90:10), trans-11h and trans-11i/cis-11i (97:3) showed weak activity (EC50 = 6.84, 15.29 and 9.44 μM) toward VZV (TK+ strain) which was only one order of magnitude lower than that of acyclovir used as a reference drug. Phosphonates trans-11b/cis-11b (90:10), trans-11c, trans-11e/cis-11e (90:10) and trans-11g appeared slightly active toward cytomegalovirus (EC50 = 27–45 μM). Compounds containing benzyl substituents at N3 in the quinazolinone skeleton exhibited slight antiproliferative activity towards the tested immortalized cells with IC50 in the 21–102 μM range.
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Yalovenko TM, Todor IM, Lukianova NY, Chekhun VF. Hepcidin as a possible marker in determination of malignancy degree and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to cytostatic drugs. Exp Oncol 2016; 38:84-88. [PMID: 27356575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of hepcidin (Hepc) in the formation of cells malignant phenotype in vitro and its expression in the dyna-mics of growth of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma with different sensitivity to doxorubicin (Dox). MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell lines used in the analysis included T47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF/CP, and MCF/Dox. Hepc expression was studied by immunocytochemical method. "Free" iron content was determined by EPR spectroscopy. Determination of Hepc expression in homogenates of tumor tissue and in blood serum of rats with Dox-sensitive and -resistant Walker-256 carcinosarcoma was performed. RESULTS It was found that Hepc levels in breast cancer (BC) cells with high degree of malignancy (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) and drug-resistant phenotype (MCF/CP, MCF/Dox) were by 1.5-2 times higher (p < 0.05) in comparison with sensitive and less malignant BC cells. The development of drug-resistant phenotype in Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells was accompanied by increasing of Hepc and "free" iron content (by 2.4 and 1.2 times, respectively). CONCLUSION The data of in vitro and in vivo research evidenced on involvement of Hepc in formation of BC cells malignant phenotype and their resistance to Dox.
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Dasgupta Y, Koptyra M, Hoser G, Kantekure K, Roy D, Gornicka B, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Bolton-Gillespie E, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müschen M, Valent P, Wasik MA, Richardson C, Hantschel O, van der Kuip H, Stoklosa T, Skorski T. Normal ABL1 is a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in human and mouse leukemias expressing oncogenic ABL1 kinases. Blood 2016; 127:2131-43. [PMID: 26864341 PMCID: PMC4850868 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias expressing constitutively activated mutants of ABL1 tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, NUP214-ABL1) usually contain at least 1 normal ABL1 allele. Because oncogenic and normal ABL1 kinases may exert opposite effects on cell behavior, we examined the role of normal ABL1 in leukemias induced by oncogenic ABL1 kinases. BCR-ABL1-Abl1(-/-) cells generated highly aggressive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-blast phase-like disease in mice compared with less malignant CML-chronic phase-like disease from BCR-ABL1-Abl1(+/+) cells. Additionally, loss of ABL1 stimulated proliferation and expansion of BCR-ABL1 murine leukemia stem cells, arrested myeloid differentiation, inhibited genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, and facilitated accumulation of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, allosteric stimulation of ABL1 kinase activity enhanced the antileukemia effect of ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and ponatinib) in human and murine leukemias expressing BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, and NUP214-ABL1. Therefore, we postulate that normal ABL1 kinase behaves like a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in leukemias expressing oncogenic forms of the kinase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/enzymology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytostatic Agents/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, abl
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/physiology
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Pyridazines/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
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Mekhtiev AA, Gaisina AA, Voronezhskaya EE, Khabarovaa MY, Gudratov NO, Huseynov SB. [ENGAGEMENT OF SEROTONIN-MODULATING ANTICONSOLIDATION PROTEIN IN REGULATION OF EMBRYOGENESIS OF LYMNEAE STAGNALIS AND LEWIS SARCOMA IN HYBRID MICE Fl C57B2/6 X DBA]. ROSSIISKII FIZIOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL IMENI I.M. SECHENOVA 2016; 102:490-499. [PMID: 30189126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The article concerns study of the effects of a novel serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) being in a linear relationship with serotonin level, on embryogenesis of Lymneae stagnalis and Lewis sarcoma in hybrid mice Fl C57B2/6 X DBA. Inhibition of embryogenesis of Lymneae stagnalis on the stage of four blastomers and late blastula, lack of changes on the stage of trochofora and acceleration of metamorphosis under the effects of SMAP in a dose-dependent manner was observed. Short-term retardation (during the first 10 days) of development of Lewis sarcoma in mice and survival of 25% of transferring animals under high doses of SMAP was revealed. Cytostatic activity for high doses of SMAP and their effects on the duration of single phases of the cell cycle is proposed.
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Pacini N, Borziani F. Oncostatic-Cytoprotective Effect of Melatonin and Other Bioactive Molecules: A Common Target in Mitochondrial Respiration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:341. [PMID: 26959015 PMCID: PMC4813203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For several years, oncostatic and antiproliferative properties, as well as thoses of cell death induction through 5-methoxy-N-acetiltryptamine or melatonin treatment, have been known. Paradoxically, its remarkable scavenger, cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic characteristics in neurodegeneration models, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are known too. Analogous results have been confirmed by a large literature to be associated to the use of many other bioactive molecules such as resveratrol, tocopherol derivatives or vitamin E and others. It is interesting to note that the two opposite situations, namely the neoplastic pathology and the neurodegeneration, are characterized by deep alterations of the metabolome, of mitochondrial function and of oxygen consumption, so that the oncostatic and cytoprotective action can find a potential rationalization because of the different metabolic and mitochondrial situations, and in the effect that these molecules exercise on the mitochondrial function. In this review we discuss historical and general aspects of melatonin, relations between cancers and the metabolome and between neurodegeneration and the metabolome, and the possible effects of melatonin and of other bioactive molecules on metabolic and mitochondrial dynamics. Finally, we suggest a common general mechanism as responsible for the oncostatic/cytoprotective effect of melatonin and of other molecules examined.
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