26
|
|
27
|
Koerner-Rettberg C, Doths S, Stroet A, Schwarze J. Reduced lung function in a chronic asthma model is associated with prolonged inflammation, but independent of peribronchial fibrosis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1575. [PMID: 18253511 PMCID: PMC2215329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In asthma, mechanisms contributing to chronicity remain to be determined. Recent models of sensitisation with prolonged airway allergen challenges reproduce typical features of chronic asthma. However, the interplay between inflammation, structural changes and lung function is poorly understood. This study was performed to delineate functional, structural and immunological airway changes after cessation of long term challenges to elucidate factors contributing to the development of prolonged lung function changes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice sensitised systemically were consecutively challenged intranasally with ovalbumin for two or eight weeks. After the end of challenges, lung function, airway inflammation, features of airway remodelling, local T-cell cytokines and systemic ovalbumin-specific antibodies were monitored. Long term challenges resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness lasting 2 weeks and reduced baseline lung function for 6 weeks after their cessation. In contrast, these changes resolved within one week after short term challenges. Prolonged transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)1 production and marked peribronchial fibrosis were only induced by long term challenges. Importantly, fibrosis became apparent only after the onset of lung function changes and outlasted them. Further, long term challenges led to prolonged and intense airway inflammation with marked lymphocytosis, but moderate eosinophilia, sustained IL-5 production and ovalbumin-specific IgG2a antibodies, the latter suggesting a Th1 component to the immune response. In contrast, following short term challenges airway inflammation was dominated by eosinophils and associated with a strong, but transient IL-13 response. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged lung function changes after long term allergen challenges seem to develop and resolve independently of the persistent peribronchial fibrosis. They are more closely associated with intense airway inflammation, marked lymphocytosis, prolonged IL-5 and TGF-beta1 production in the airways and a Th1 immune response.
Collapse
|
28
|
Pilsczek FH. T Cells Are Associated with Different Infections and Are V 1+ or V 2+ T Cells. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:1011-2; author reply 1012. [PMID: 17342659 DOI: 10.1086/512375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
29
|
Sabnani I, Tsang P. Are clonal T-cell large granular lymphocytes to blame for unexplained haematological abnormalities? Br J Haematol 2007; 136:30-7. [PMID: 17092307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities diagnosed on routine blood work, such as mild neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and relative lymphocytosis, often have obscure aetiologies. A series of 30 patients were evaluated for various unexplained haematological abnormalities between 1997 and 2005, and found to have circulating monoclonal T-cell large granular lymphocytes (T-LGL). These patients fit the diagnosis of T-cell clonopathy of unknown significance (TCUS), which may represent a clinical spectrum of clonal T-LGL proliferation. Our patients were characterised by a complete absence of severe neutropenia (<0.5 x 10(9)/l), absence of recurrent neutropenic infection (0%), negative rheumatoid serology (0%) and a low incidence of constitutional symptoms (20%). This overall asymptomatic clinical presentation appeared to be different from other previously reported series of TCUS or T-LGL leukaemia who typically had symptomatology and required treatment. Our series of 30 patients represented the benign end of the spectrum of clonal T-LGL proliferation, and might reflect diagnosis at earlier stages of the condition relative to other reported series. TCUS may be a heterogeneous and under-diagnosed condition. This study further broadens our understanding of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of indolent clonal T-cell proliferation, and raises our awareness of this condition. We suggest that TCUS should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of unexplained haematological problems.
Collapse
|
30
|
MARSHAK RR, HARE WC, ABT DA, CROSHAW JE, SWITZER JW, IPSEN I, DUTCHER RM, MARTIN JE. OCCURRENCE OF LYMPHOCYTOSIS IN DAIRY CATTLE HERDS WITH HIGH INCIDENCE OF LYMPHOSARCOMA*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 108:1284-301. [PMID: 14081505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
A further new case of sarcoidosis associated with the use of interferon (IFN) in the classical treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is reported. During the last two years, more than 20 cases of interferon-induced sarcoidosis have been described in the literature and about half of these cases have involved CHC. Therefore this disorder appears more common than originally thought two years ago, possibly due to the more frequent use of interferon therapy and an improvement in the methods of diagnosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Balázs C. [Treatment of thyroiditis]. Orv Hetil 2004; 145:1012-4. [PMID: 15181738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
|
33
|
DUNN HG. Acute infectious lymphocytosis; report on a group of cases in a day nursery. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2004; 1:78-83. [PMID: 14896035 PMCID: PMC2022513 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4749.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
34
|
Pokorny CS, Selby WS. Microscopic colitis: an underdiagnosed cause of chronic diarrhoea--the clue is in the biopsies. Intern Med J 2003; 33:305-9. [PMID: 12823676 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-5994.2003.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic forms of colitis (collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis) are uncommon but important causes of chronic diarrhoea that are often overlooked. The clinical features of these disorders are similar, and they are more common in middle-aged females, although the female predominance is greater in collagenous colitis. Although their cause is unclear, both are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Colonoscopy and barium enema are typically normal, so that the diagnosis depends on the demonstration of characteristic changes on histopathological examination of colorectal biopsies. These should be taken in all patients undergoing colonoscopy for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea. There are no large controlled trials of therapy available. Treatment is empirical, generally using the same agents as for inflammatory bowel -disease. Assessment of therapy is also difficult as spontaneous remissions occur often.
Collapse
|
35
|
Schleinitz N, Brunet C, Pascal V, Potie C, Veit V, Paul P, Dignat-George F, Harle JR. A CD4+ V(beta)13.6+ CD56+ large granular lymphocyte expansion with decreased expression of CD95 and an indolent clinical course. Haematologica 2002; 87:ECR35. [PMID: 12414361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
|
36
|
Agnarsdottir M, Gunnlaugsson O, Orvar KB, Cariglia N, Birgisson S, Bjornsson S, Thorgeirsson T, Jonasson JG. Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis in Iceland. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47:1122-8. [PMID: 12018911 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015058611858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the nationwide incidence of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis in Iceland and the location of histopathological changes in the large bowel. All pathology reports of patients diagnosed with or suspected of having collagenous colitis or lymphocytic colitis in the period 1995-1999 were identified. All pathology samples were reevaluated using strict diagnostic criteria. After reevaluation 125 patients fulfilled our diagnostic criteria, 71 as collagenous colitis and 54 as lymphocytic colitis. The mean annual incidence for collagenous colitis was 5.2/100,000 inhabitants, and the mean age at diagnosis was 66.1 years. The mean annual incidence for lymphocytic colitis was 4.0/100,000 inhabitants, the mean age at diagnosis was 68.7 years. Both diseases more commonly involved the colon than the rectum. The incidence of collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis is high in Iceland. The mean annual incidence of collagenous colitis is much higher in Iceland than hitherto reported elsewhere.
Collapse
|
37
|
Goerres MS, Kerckhaert JAM, Meijer JWR, Mulder CJJ. [Patient with refractory celiac disease and a secondary lymphoma]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 2002; 146:87-8. [PMID: 11820064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
38
|
Kondo H, Uematsu M, Watanabe J, Takahashi Y, Hayashi K, Iwasaki H. CD3+, CD4-, CD8-, TCR alpha beta-, TCR gamma delta+ granular lymphocyte proliferative disorder without lymphocytosis and clinical symptoms. Acta Haematol 2001; 104:54-6. [PMID: 11111126 DOI: 10.1159/000041073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorder is characterized by a proliferation of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). It is often associated with neutropenia, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Phenotypic analysis has demonstrated that in most cases, the LGLs show a clonal rearrangement of the TCR alpha beta rearrangement. We are reporting a patient with TCR gamma delta LGL proliferation without clinical findings and lymphocytosis. The patient showed an expansion of the CD3+, CD16+, CD56+, and CD57+ LGL populations which involved coexpression of TCR gamma delta with TCR J gamma and J delta 1 gene rearrangement. Autoimmune manifestations, including RA and PRCA, have not appeared and the results of laboratory examinations have not changed for 1 year after the diagnosis.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Naeye RL, Lin HM. Determination of the timing of fetal brain damage from hypoxemia-ischemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184:217-24. [PMID: 11174505 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the cases of 55 children with cerebral palsy to evaluate methods for determination of the time before birth at which antenatal hypoxemia-ischemia damaged the brain. STUDY DESIGN In primate fetuses persistent fetal bradycardia develops close to the time that hypoxemia-ischemia damages basal ganglia structures in the brain. The same proved true in children in this study, so this time was thereafter used as a baseline to test the values of other proposed timers of hypoxemicischemic brain damage. RESULTS Basal ganglia lesions predominated when bradycardia lasted <30 minutes before birth. As the bradycardia duration lengthened, white matter and eventually watershed brain lesions predominated. Lymphocytosis appeared 25 minutes after the bradycardia began, and thrombocytopenia appeared at 20 to 28 hours. The lymphocytosis disappeared 14 to 18 hours after it first appeared. CONCLUSIONS Counting back from the time that lymphocytosis ended and thrombocytopenia began can sometimes identify the time when hypoxemia-ischemia damaged the fetal brain.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lundin J, Kimby E, Bergmann L, Karakas T, Mellstedt H, Osterborg A. Interleukin 4 therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a phase I/II study. Br J Haematol 2001; 112:155-60. [PMID: 11167796 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic type II cytokine which has been shown to have a direct killing effect on lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells in vitro. The clinical effects and toxicity of IL-4 treatment in patients with B-CLL were evaluated. Fourteen patients with B-CLL who were in partial remission after chemotherapy received one, two or three 8-week cycles of escalating doses (2, 4 or 6 microg/kg/d s.c.) of IL-4 for 3 d/week. Clinical response was analysed after each treatment cycle and toxicity was monitored continuously. Ten patients (71%) had progressive disease (PD) during IL-4 treatment. This was mainly attributable to an increase (two- to fourfold) of the blood lymphocyte count during IL-4 therapy. After cessation of IL-4 treatment, the lymphocytosis decreased spontaneously in 8 out of 12 evaluable patients. Splenomegaly remained unchanged in 7/7 patients, whereas enlarged lymph nodes were reduced by > 50% in 1/13 patients and by 25-50% in 4/13 patients. None of the patients achieved an objective tumour regression (complete or partial remission). A temporary increase (16-60%) of the platelet count was observed during IL-4 treatment. The platelet count decreased in 8/11 patients after the end of IL-4 therapy. World Health Organization (WHO) grade I/II fever, arthralgia and fatigue was observed in one-third of the patients and was more commonly seen with the highest dose (6 microg/kg/d). One patient developed pulmonary oedema and WHO grade III neutropenia was recorded in three patients. IL-4 was well tolerated by most patients in an outpatient setting. The anti-tumour activity observed in previous in vitro studies was not verified by the present in vivo trial which showed that IL-4 may instead increase the number of CLL cells in blood, indicating that IL-4 may have induced a stimulatory or antiapoptotic effect on the CLL cells in blood. These results may have important implications for the development of immunotherapy of CLL. In addition, the potential platelet-stimulatory effect of IL-4 warrants further studies.
Collapse
|
42
|
Romanova LK, Makarova LF. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells and mitotic activity of monocytes and macrophages in rats after long-term intermittent hypoxia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2000; 130:945-7. [PMID: 11177288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2000] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term (1.5 months) intermittent hypoxia promoted desquamation of bronchial epithelial cells, decreased the relative content of alveolar macrophages and monocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage, stimulated lymphocyte migration to the lungs, and increased the relative content of lymphoid cell in rats. Mitotic activity of monocytes and macrophages decreased against the background of intraalveolar lymphocytosis (lymphocytic alveolitis).
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED A preterm baby born with scaly skin who later developed recurrent infections and was subsequently diagnosed to have Omenn syndrome is presented. CONCLUSION Any baby with ichthyotic skin and recurrent infections should have immunodeficiency considered in the differential diagnosis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chowdhury SI, Lee BJ, Onderci M, Weiss ML, Mosier D. Neurovirulence of glycoprotein C(gC)-deleted bovine herpesvirus type-5 (BHV-5) and BHV-5 expressing BHV-1 gC in a rabbit seizure model. J Neurovirol 2000; 6:284-95. [PMID: 10951552 DOI: 10.3109/13550280009030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Herpesvirus glycoprotein C (gC) is one of the major virus attachment proteins. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) causes respiratory and genital diseases in cattle, whereas BHV-5 causes acute meningoencephalitis in calves. The gC gene sequence of these two viruses are substantially different. To determine the contribution of the BHV-5 glycoprotein gC (gC5) to the neuropathogenesis of BHV-5, we have constructed two BHV-5 recombinants: gC-deleted BHV-5 (BHV-5gCDelta) and BHV-5 expressing BHV1 gC (BHV-5gC1). Neurovirulence properties of these viruses were analyzed using a rabbit seizure model that distinguishes BHV-1 and -5 based on their differential neuropathogeneses. Intranasal inoculations of BHV-5gCDelta and BHV-5gC1 viruses produced neurological signs in 30% and 40% of the infected rabbits, respectively. Immuno-histochemistry results showed that the number of infected neurons was 2 - 4-fold less with the gC-deleted BHV-5 than with the wild-type BHV-5. The gC-deleted BHV-5 did not invade the hippocampus but invaded additional sites not invaded by wild-type BHV-5. Similarly, the BHV-5gC1 virus failed to invade the hippocampus, but it did not invade the additional sites. Virus isolation results suggest that these recombinants replicate less efficiently in the brain than the wild-type and gC-revertant viruses. However, compared to the gC-deleted BHV-5, the gC-exchanged BHV-5gC1 replicated better within the CNS. These results indicate that gC regulates BHV-5 neurotropism in some areas of the olfactory pathway. Additionally, gC is important for BHV-5 neurovirulence in the olfactory pathway but it is not essential.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ely KA, Tse G, Simpson JF, Clarfeld R, Page DL. Diabetic mastopathy. A clinicopathologic review. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 113:541-5. [PMID: 10761456 DOI: 10.1309/k5hm-9603-pq5t-ky3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic mastopathy, an uncommon form of lymphocytic mastitis and stromal fibrosis, typically occurs in longstanding type 1 diabetes. Nineteen cases meeting predetermined histopathologic criteria for diabetic mastopathy were correlated as to clinical history and disease recurrence. Physical examination revealed palpable discrete masses or diffuse nodularity, both predominantly in the subareolar region. One nonpalpable lesion was detected incidentally during reduction mammoplasty. All cases contained lymphocytic ductitis and lobulitis with varying degrees of keloidal fibrosis, vasculitis, epithelioid fibroblasts, and lymphoid nodule formation. Single mammary lesions were found in 11 patients with type 1 diabetes, 1 with type 2 diabetes, and 3 without diabetes. Four cases were bilateral (3 patients with type 1 and 1 patient with type 2 diabetes). Six of 19 cases recurred (3 ipsilateral, 2 contralateral, and 1 bilateral). We confirm the histopathologic constellation for diabetic mastopathy. However, we question the specificity of these features because of identical findings in patients with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic patients. We found diabetic mastopathy in men and women, as a solitary mass or bilateral disease, and recurrence in either breast, sometimes multiple. Recognition of potential recurrence is important because it might spare patients with documented diabetic mastopathy from repeated breast biopsies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Schenkel AR, Pauza CD. Pertussis toxin treatment in vivo reduces surface expression of the adhesion integrin leukocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1). CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 2000; 7:183-93. [PMID: 10626903 DOI: 10.3109/15419069909010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis toxin treatment in macaques inhibits lymphocyte extravasation from the blood and leads to transient lymphocytosis and leukocytosis. We examined lymphocyte adhesion molecules known to be involved in the extravasation process to find possible mechanisms for the effects of pertussis toxin treatment. The two subunits of LFA-1, CD11a and CD18, showed decreased surface expression on lymphocytes from pertussis toxin treated animals compared to untreated animals. The adhesion molecule CD44, and the alpha subunit of the integrin VLA-4 (CD49d) were not decreased by pertussis toxin treatment. Lower surface expression of CD11a and CD18 was observed on all lymphocyte subsets and was correlated inversely with the extent of lymphocytosis. The magnitude of lymphocytosis after pertussis toxin treatment was higher in SIV-infected macaques than in uninfected animals. However, changes in LFA-1 levels were similar in both groups. These data show that LFA-1 surface levels are affected by pertussis toxin in vivo and this change may account in part, for the ability of pertussis toxin to induce lymphocytosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Asou N, Suzushima H, Nishimura S, Okubo T, Yamasaki H, Osato M, Hoshino K, Takatsuki K, Mitsuya H. Long-term remission in an elderly patient with mantle cell leukemia treated with low-dose cyclophosphamide. Am J Hematol 2000; 63:35-7. [PMID: 10602166 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(200001)63:1<35::aid-ajh8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present an elderly patient with mantle cell leukemia who was successfully treated with low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY). A 76-year-old female was diagnosed as mantle cell leukemia based on abnormal lymphocytosis and splenomegaly without lymphadenopathy. She was orally treated with 50 mg of CY daily and had continuous remission over 4 years. Rearrangements of BCL1 and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected at diagnosis, but not 1 or 4 years later. Further studies are required to confirm the role of low-dose CY therapy for patients with mantle cell leukemia and lymphoma.
Collapse
|
48
|
Osmanov DS, Kruglova GV, Probatova NA, Kondrat'eva TT, Frenkel' MA, Sholokhova EN, Sorokin EN, Dvoretskiĭ VV, Tupitsyn NN. [Richter's syndrome: analysis of literature data and original observations]. TERAPEVT ARKH 1999; 71:47-58. [PMID: 10481868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Review of literature data and original experience with Richter's syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS 250 patients suffering from malignant lymphoproliferative diseases with blood and bone marrow lymphocytosis were observed. 8 (3.2%) of them developed diffuse large-cell lymphoma (criteria and classification of REAL). RESULTS 5 of the above 8 patients demonstrated spontaneous regression of lymphocytosis. These cases may illustrate transformation (clonal progression) of one morphological variant of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma into another one, more aggressive. For this rare variant of Richter's syndrome running with regression of lymphocytosis the term Richter-Lortolary syndrome is proposed. Lortolary was the first who revealed a decrease of lymphocytosis in Richter's syndrome. The studies of the genome structure, first of all, of immunoglobulin genes show that in Richter-Lortolary syndrome it is easier, to confirm monoclonality of the two tumors (lymphocytic and large-cell) than to reject it. However, the idea of transformation has not been confirmed morphologically yet. CONCLUSION Development of diffuse large-cell lymphoma in the course of chronic lymphatic tumor does not always indicate terminal state, later stage of tumor progression and poor prognosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocytosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/immunology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Syndrome
- Terminology as Topic
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with binucleate lymphocytes is a rare lymphoproliferative syndrome of uncertain cause that is strongly associated with HLA-DR7 positivity, cigarette smoking, and female sex. As yet, there is no explanation for the strong sex predilection. We report the third case of persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in a male. Other notable findings in this case are lack of HLA-DR7 and strong positive CD5 markers in the polyclonal B-cell population. To our knowledge, CD5 expression has not been mentioned or reported in association with this syndrome.
Collapse
|
50
|
Honda S, Nemoto K, Mae T, Kinjoh K, Kyogoku M, Kawamura H, Miyazawa S, Weerashinghe A, Watanabe H, Narita J, Koya T, Arakawa M, Abo T. Mice with early onset of death (EOD) due to lupus glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 116:153-63. [PMID: 10209520 PMCID: PMC1905231 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both MRL-lpr/lpr (lpr) and BXSB mice fall victim to autoimmune disease as a function of age. To combine their properties, brother-sister mating of (female lpr x male BXSB)F1 mice was done. Mice for mating were selected according to indicators of early onset of glomerulonephritis and subsequent early death (i.e., EOD). This mating was continued for more than 16 generations. The EOD mice thus established had homozygous H-2k/k, lpr/lpr, and possible yaa/- (in the case of males). The average life span of males was 83 days while that of females was 126 days. After 12 weeks of age, the majority (> 80%) of male EOD mice were characterized by the abnormality of urine due to glomerulonephritis. We then characterized how glomerulonephritis was evoked, especially in terms of expanding lymphocyte subsets in various immune organs. Similar to the case of parental lpr mice, the major expanding cells were CD4-8-B220+ TCRint cells in the immune organs and kidney. In addition, myeloid cells were found to infiltrate the kidney. This massive infiltration of both TCRint cells and myeloid cells might be responsible for the onset of acute glomerulonephritis. Even after more than 50 generations, these EOD mice still carry both lpr and yaa genes. These results suggest that EOD mice might be a very useful tool for the study of acute lupus glomerulonephritis which is evoked by the genetic abnormalities.
Collapse
|