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Antia IJ, Dorkins CE, Wood AJ, Aronson JK. Increase in Na+/K+ pump numbers in vivo in healthy volunteers taking oral lithium carbonate and further upregulation in response to lithium in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 34:535-40. [PMID: 1337260 PMCID: PMC1381456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb05659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We have measured [3H]-ouabain binding to lymphocyte membranes in eight healthy volunteers before and after they had taken lithium carbonate for 14 days in doses which maintained the serum lithium concentration in the range 0.5-1.0 mmol 1-1. 2. There was a statistically significant increase in the [3H]-ouabain binding capacity of the lymphocyte membranes (reflecting the number of Na+, K+-ATPase molecules) after 14 days of lithium administration in vivo. This suggests that a failure to increase pump numbers after similar exposure to lithium in vivo in patients with manic-depressive psychosis is a primary abnormality associated with the disease. 3. In vivo lithium administration did not alter the normal adaptive (upregulatory) response of lymphocyte Na+, K+-ATPase to standard pharmacological challenges, involving in vitro incubation for 3 days with lithium chloride (8 mmol 1-1) or sodium ethacrynate (1 mumol 1-1). 4. We have previously found that there is an impaired response of the Na+, K+-ATPase to these in vitro stimuli in patients with manic-depressive psychosis, and our present data suggest that this abnormality is attributable to the disease itself and not to in vivo lithium therapy. 5. The data also suggest that the increase in vivo Na+/K+ pump activity which we have previously described in healthy volunteers after 21 days of lithium administration is at least partly due to an increase in Na+/K+ pump numbers.
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Kudo T, Saeki H, Saijyo S, Sato N, Numasaki M, Tachibana T. New strategies to establish human monoclonal antibodies. TOHOKU J EXP MED 1992; 168:323-7. [PMID: 1306317 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.168.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to establish human monoclonal antibodies to any sort of antigens efficiently, we have made following two approaches. Our first approach is to improve cell fusion frequency. By improving our previous method for production of human hybridomas, we obtained higher frequency (1/700 vs. 1/5500) compared with our previous method by adding irradiated myeloma cells to culture of fusion cells and modifying the selective medium. Our second approach is to use a SCID-hu mouse for immunization. Since the injection of human PBL can result in the stable long-term reconstitution of a human immune system in SCID mouse, we tried to immune SCID-hu mouse with KLH. In the serum of immunized SCID-hu mouse, we obtained human IgG antibodies to KLH. Additionally, we succeeded in establishing human B lymphoblastoid cell lines which produced antibodies specific to KLH. These methods will open new prospects for the detection and therapy of cancer.
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Light KJ, Kassel DB, Allison J. Mass spectrometric analysis of cardiac glycosides by the desorption/ionization technique potassium ion ionization of desorbed species. BIOMEDICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1989; 18:177-84. [PMID: 2713547 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200180306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of cardiac glycosides by the desorption/ionization (D/I) mass spectrometric technique potassium ion ionization of desorbed species (K+IDS) is presented. K+IDS mass spectra of digitonin, digoxin, digoxigenin, digitoxin and ouabain are discussed to demonstrate the capabilities of this D/I method. The K+IDS analysis consists of two steps: thermal desorption of neutral molecules representative of the analyte, followed by gas-phase addition of K+ ions to these species. Structural and molecular weight information of the cardiac glycosides is obtained with the K+IDS technique. The most intense peak in the K+IDS mass spectrum of an analyte, M, is frequently the [M]K+ ion. Interpretation of the K+IDS mass spectra is simple, since one thermal degradation mechanism dominates. This mechanism is a 1,2-elimination process. A variation of the original K+IDS technique, performed by changing the ionizing metal from K+ to Na+ (i.e. Na+IDS), is presented for the analysis of digoxin. The Na+IDS mass spectrum of digoxin contains more structural information than the K+IDS mass spectrum of that compound. This may lead to a means of controlling the types of information obtainable with this D/I technique by varying the cation that is thermionically generated. K+IDS analyses can be performed rapidly, no sample derivatization is necessary, no matrix is required and little instrument modification is necessary.
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Nørgaard A, Bagger JP, Bjerregaard P, Baandrup U, Kjeldsen K, Thomsen PE. Relation of left ventricular function and Na,K-pump concentration in suspected idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1988; 61:1312-5. [PMID: 3376892 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(88)91175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The possible relation between Na-K-pump concentration and left ventricular (LV) function was studied in 24 patients with suspected idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. This was done by measurement of 3H-ouabain binding to biopsies obtained during left-sided heart catheterization. In all patients light microscopy of biopsies was compatilel with dilated cardiomyopathy. Nineteen patients had impaired LV function as defined by NYHA/WHO and a Na,K-pump concentration of 331 +/- 19 pmol/g wet weight, whereas 5 patients had normal LV function and a Na,K-pump concentration of 559 +/- 62 pmol/g wet weight (p less than 0.001). The correlation between Na,K-pump concentration and ejection fraction was highly significant n = 24, r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). There was no correlation between volume fraction of collagen tissue and Na,K-pump concentration in the biopsies (n = 24, r = -0.08, p less than 0.80), indicating that the decrease in Na,K-pump concentration with dilated cardiomyopathy is not the simple outcome of increased fibrosis in the myocardium. The results indicate that the decrease in Na,K-pump concentration may be of importance for myocardial dysfunction and suggest a simple biochemical assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy by measurement of 3H-ouabain binding.
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Sato Y, Kanai S, Kitani K. Enhancing effect of bucolome on biliary excretion of ouabain and digoxin in the rat. RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1988; 60:173-89. [PMID: 2899336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of bucolome (1-cyclohexyl-5-n-butyl-2,4,6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine) on the biliary excretion of intravenously administered ouabain and digoxin was examined in rats. The intravenously administered [3H] ouabain (0.1 mg/100 g b wt) was more rapidly excreted in the bile in female rats than in males. Intraperitoneal administration of bucolome induced a two fold increase in bile flow rate, accompanied by a significant increase in biliary recovery of ouabain during first 10 min (by 100% in males and 50% in females) resulting in significantly higher 60-min total biliary recoveries in both sexes. In female rats 80% of radioactivity was recovered in the bile as an unmetabolized form after 10 min of intravenous administration of [3H] digoxin. Biliary excretion of the parent drug, digoxin, was also enhanced by intraperitoneal administration of bucolome. Although the underlying mechanism(s) remains unknown, it was shown that biliary excretion of both ouabain and digoxin was enhanced by bucolome, as was previously shown for ouabain in male rats.
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Crabos M, Grichois ML, Guicheney P, Wainer IW, Cloix JF. Further biochemical characterization of an Na+ pump inhibitor purified from human urine. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 162:129-35. [PMID: 3028785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An increase in endogenous Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor(s) with digitalis-like properties has been reported in chronic renal insufficiency, in Na+-dependent experimental hypertension and in some essential hypertensive patients. The present study specifies some properties and some biochemical characteristics of a semipurified compound from human urine having digitalis-like properties. The urine-derived inhibitor (endalin) inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase activity and [3H]-ouabain binding, and cross-reacts with anti-digoxin antibodies. The inhibitory effect on ATPases of endalin is higher on Na+,K+-ATPase than on Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase. The mechanism of endalin action on highly purified Na+,K+-ATPase was compared to that of ouabain and was similar in that it reversibly inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity; it inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase non-competitively with ATP; its inhibitory effect was facilitated by Na+; K+ decreased its inhibitory effect on Na+,K+-ATPase; it competitively inhibited ouabain binding to the enzyme; its binding was maximal in the presence of Mg2+ and Pi; it decreased the Na+ pump activity in human erythrocytes; it reduced serotonin uptake by human platelets; and it was diuretic and natriuretic in rat bioassay. The endalin differed from ouabain in only three aspects: its inhibitory effect was not really specific for Na+,K+-ATPase; its binding to the enzyme was undetectable in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP; it was not kaliuretic in rat bioassay. Endalin is a reversible and partial specific inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase, its Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition closely resembles that of ouabain and it could be considered as one of the natriuretic hormones.
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Abstract
An arrow poison prepared by traditional methods from Acokanthera schimperi in the Maasai plains of Kenya was shown to contain acolongifloroside K as its major active principle, as well as smaller amounts of ouabain and acovenoside A. The major cardenolide is the first identified "ouabain equivalent" from an East African arrow poison.
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Graves SW, Williams GH. An endogenous ouabain-like factor associated with hypertensive pregnant women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59:1070-4. [PMID: 6092405 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-59-6-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Levels of a ouabain-like factor (OLF) were measured in amniotic fluid from 49 undigitalized third trimester pregnant women by means of its cross-reactivity in a digoxin RIA and its inhibition of ouabain-sensitive [Na,K]ATPase. The results from these 2 assays were significantly correlated (P less than 0.05). Of the women included in this study, 25 had blood pressures considered normal for their gestational age, while 24 had developed during their current pregnancy blood pressures judged to be elevated. When levels of OLF in the amniotic fluids from the normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women were compared, significantly higher levels were present in the hypertensive group for both assays (P less than 0.002). Further, there was a significant correlation between the diastolic blood pressures of these women at the time of amniocentesis and the amniotic fluid OLF levels determined by either assay (P less than 0.002). These results are consistent with OLF having a role in hypertensive complications of pregnancy.
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Freytag JW, Lau HP, Wadsley JJ. Affinity-column-mediated immunoenzymometric assays: influence of affinity-column ligand and valency of antibody-enzyme conjugates. Clin Chem 1984; 30:1494-8. [PMID: 6432364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe an affinity-column-mediated, enzyme-linked immunometric assay that is highly sensitive and adaptable to automation. Digoxin is the model test analyte. A comparison of digoxin with its analog, ouabain, for use as the immobilized ligand on the affinity column showed ouabain to be superior. We also report the effect of column elution rate. Antibody-enzyme conjugates prepared with the monovalent Fab'-fragment and the divalent F(ab')2-fragment coupled to beta-galactosidase are compared in terms of their overall assay performance. Although the monovalent Fab'--beta-galactosidase conjugate yields a more sensitive assay and dose-response curves that are linear over a wider range, the divalent F(ab')2--beta-galactosidase conjugate provides an assay with adequate sensitivity and extremely good precision, and is generally easier to synthesize reproducibly. This fully automated, rapid, and precise assay for digoxin is compatible with the Du Pont aca discrete clinical analyzer.
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Weissberg PL, Wilkins MR, Kricka LJ. Test for circulating Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitors. Lancet 1983; 1:1219. [PMID: 6134013 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fleming JT, Holl JE. Centrally mediated enhancement of ouabain cardiotoxicity by angiotensin II in dogs. Eur J Pharmacol 1982; 85:259-68. [PMID: 7151873 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(82)90213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion on the doses of ouabain required to induce ventricular arrhythmias and death was investigated in anesthetized dogs. Tritiated ouabain was infused alone i.v. (1 microgram/kg per min) to establish the control toxic doses and the level of ouabain in the heart at death. When Ang II and ouabain were co-infused i.v. the doses of ouabain needed to induce arrhythmias and death were significantly reduced. Spinal transections performed at C-1 prior to drug infusions prevented the effect of Ang II to enhance the toxicity of ouabain. Thus, the action of Ang II to augment ouabain toxicity appeared to be related to its effects on the sympathetic nervous system. To confirm that Ang II was acting within the brain rather than at peripheral sites of the sympathetic system, Ang II was infused into the vertebral artery of spinal cord intact dogs. The infusion rate of Ang II needed to produce a significant enhancement of ouabain toxicity was much lower when given into the vertebral artery than into the femoral vein. These data indicate that Ang II enhances the cardiotoxicity of ouabain via an action produced within the brain and mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.
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Lichtstein D, Samuelov S. Characterization of ouabain receptor in neuronal tissue: evidence for endogenous ouabain-like compound. ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 1982; 18:45-50. [PMID: 6121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that [3H]ouabain binds specifically to a single, saturable binding site located on rat brain membranes with an affinity constant of 6.21 X 10(-8) M. As expected from studies on the mechanics of the Na+,K+-ATPase, sodium increased while potassium and lithium decreased ouabain binding. The occupation of other neurotransmitter receptors did not affect [3H]ouabain binding. Based on its ability to compete with [3H]ouabain binding and to inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase, it is suggested that rat brain extract contains an endogenous ouabain-like compound. The results are discussed with respect to the possibility that the ouabain receptor is a physiological regulatory site of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity.
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38
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France VM, Durbin RP. Ouabain binding to isolated frog gastric mucosa. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1981; 241:G104-8. [PMID: 6973931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1981.241.2.g104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, is considerably reduced by elevating external K+ as first shown by Davenport (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 110: 613-615, 1962). To determine the possible role of K+ in this effect, we measured [3H]ouabain binding in isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa. Uptake of the labeled drug showed two components: one that saturated at 0.36 pmol ouabain per milligram wet weight and one that was linear with the external ouabain concentration. The former component is considered to represent specific binding to Na+-K+-ATPase; activity of this enzyme system in mucosal homogenates was 0.2 mumol per milligram protein per hour. Increase of K+ in the nutrient bathing solution from 3 to 30 mM, or replacement of Na+ by K+ in the secretory bathing solution, largely reversed inhibition of acid secretion by ouabain but did not affect maximum specific binding. The results fit a model in which Na+-K+-ATPase is normally required in oxyntic cells to maintain a high K+ level, which in turn supports exchange of K+ for H+ at the apical surface.
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Lloyd BL, Taylor RR. Myocardial ouabain content and susceptibility to ouabain cardiotoxicity associated with circulatory volume overload in the dog. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1977; 7:275-80. [PMID: 269688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1977.tb03686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influence of circulatory volume overload on the myocardial uptake of ouabain and on cardiotoxicity was studied in the unanaesthetised dog with aorto-caval fistula. One hour after tritiated ouabain (0-02 mg/kg IV) both ventricles and atria contained more ouabain than did those of normal dogs (left ventricle (LV), 166+/-23 (SD) ng/g vs. 97+/-19 ng/g, P less than 0-001) while concentrations in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney and plasma were not different in the two groups. In other experiments ouabain was infused to cardiotoxicity (7-5 microgram/kg followed by 3 microgram/kg/min). Cardiotoxicity occurred earlier in dogs with fistula than in normals (16-5+/-2-7 min vs. 24-1+/-2-4 min, P less than 0-001). Ouabain concentrations in myocardium were not different (LV, 434+/-58 ng/g, vs. 442+/-42 ng/g) while concentrations in liver and kidney were less in those with fistula (181+/-35 ng/g vs. 278+/-69 ng/g, P less than 0-001; 1422+/-189 ng/g vs. 2747+/-479 ng/g, P less than 0-001). Average content of skeletal muscle was also less, in proportion to administered dose. The increment in myicardial ouabain content associated with aorto-caval fistula appears to be physiologically active and hence is presumably specifically bound to the digitalis receptor. The observations in this model suggest the possibility of augmented cardiac glycoside uptake in some clinical cardiac diseases.
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Greeff K. [Pharmacokinetics of g-strophanthin]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1977; 102:135-9. [PMID: 832594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Kuhlmann J, Kötter V, von Leitner E, Arbeiter G, Schröder R. Concentration of digoxin, methyldigoxin, digitoxin and ouabain in the myocardium of the dog following coronary occulsion. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1975; 287:399-411. [PMID: 1143366 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
26 mongrel dogs were given a single dose of 0.03mg/kg tritium-labelled digoxin, beta-methyldigoxin, digitoxin or ouabain 2 hrs or 95 hrs following experimental coronary occlusion. Examination of the epicardial ECG was performed by moving from intact to ischemic or necrotic zones. 60 min after glycoside administration the animals were sacrificed and tissue samples from the marked heart muscles areas and from the skeletal muscle were analysed for glycoside content. The early glycoside uptake in acute ischemic or necrotic myocardium was diminished independently of the physicochemical properties of the glycoside. Significantly higher glycoside concentrations (ng/g wet weight) were measured in the injured myocardium 3 hrs after coronary occlusion than 96 hrs afterward (p less than 0.005). The values in acute ischemic myocardium varied considerably. This nonhomogeneity of glycoside uptake in the acute ischemic heart muscle may partly explain the increased sensitivity to glycosides in myocardial infarction. The decline of glycoside concentration correlates with the alterations in the epicardial ECG. The cardiac effects of cardenolides 60 min after intravenous administration was caused by the unchanged glycoside. In contrast to the myocardium, glycoside accumulation could not be found in the skeletal muscle. The concentrations of digoxin, beta-methyldigoxin and digitoxin in the skeletal muscle were significantly higher than the concentration of ouabain, which was rapidly eliminated via the urine.
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Marcus FI, Ryan JN, Stafford MG. The reactivity of derivatives of digoxin and digitoxin as measured by the Na-K-atpase displacement assay and by radioimmunoassay. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 1975; 85:610-20. [PMID: 123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of digoxin and digitoxin were measured by the Na-K-ATPase displacement assay and by radioimmunoassay and the data compared with biological potency of these compounds. There was a slightly higher affinity of digoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside as compared with digoxin using digoxin-specific antiserum and considerably less affinity of digoxigenin and dihydrodigoxin than the parent compound in the same system. A similar trend was observed for the derivatives of digitoxin using digoxin-specific antiserum. The recovery on extraction of some of the derivatives of digoxin and digitoxin differed from that of the parent compounds in the ATPase assay. The potency of the derivatives of these drugs in displacing 3H ouabain also differed from the parent compoundmboth the recovery on extraction and the potency for displacing ouabain must be considered in the estimation of the contribution of the derivatives of digoxin or digitoxin to the result of Na-K-ATPase assay. Quantitative information of the metabolites of digoxin and digitoxin in normal and pathological conditions is needed to properly interpret assay data obtained either by radioimmunoassay or by ATPase assay.
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Cagin N, Freeman E, Somberg JC, Bounous H, Mittag T, Diaz R, Levitt B. The influence of propranolol on ouabain uptake by the guinea pig heart. Eur J Pharmacol 1973; 24:256-61. [PMID: 4765749 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(73)90080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Levitt B, Cagin NA, Somberg J, Bounous H, Mittag T, Raines A. Alteration of the effects and distribution of ouabain by spinal cord transection in the cat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 185:24-8. [PMID: 4511896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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46
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Conner EA, Miller JW. The distribution of selected substances into rat uterine luminal fluid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 184:291-8. [PMID: 4686015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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47
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Belz GG, Brech WJ, Kleeberg UR, Rudofsky G, Belz G. Characterization and specificity of proscillaridin antibodies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1973; 279:105-14. [PMID: 4272454 DOI: 10.1007/bf00503976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Russell JQ, Klaassen CD. Species variation in the biliary excretion of ouabain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1972; 183:513-9. [PMID: 4636390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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49
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Klaassen CD. Immaturity of the newborn rat's hepatic excretory function for ouabain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1972; 183:520-6. [PMID: 4636391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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50
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Marchetti GV, Marzo A, De Ponti C, Scalvini A, Merlo L, Noseda V. Blood levels and tissue distribution of 3 H-ouabain administered per os. An experimental and clinical study. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1971; 21:1399-403. [PMID: 5171797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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