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Ikeda Y, Fujii Y, Umemura M, Hatakeyama T, Morita M, Yamazaki M. Quantitative determination of cardiac glycosides in Digitalis lanata leaves by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996; 746:255-60. [PMID: 8916557 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of cardiac glycosides in Digitalis lanata leaves by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC) was developed. The procedure consisted of extraction of dry leaf powder with 50% methanol and clean-up by Sep-Pak cartridges prior to RP-TLC analysis. RP-TLC was performed on an octadecylsilyl bonded silica gel plate, using a developing solvent of acetonitrile-methanol-0.5 M NaCl (1:1:1) for primary glycosides and acetonitrile-methanol-0.5 M NaCl (12:7:9) for secondary glycosides. The plate was scanned with a reflectance densitometer at 225 nm. The quantitation was carried out by the internal standard method. The present method is reliable and relatively simple for the determination of cardiac glycosides in Digitalis lanata leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
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2
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Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of cardiac glycosides in Digitalis purpurea leaves by hplc was developed. Quantitation was carried out by the incorporation of lanatoside A as an internal standard. The present method is sufficiently precise and relatively simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
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3
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Abstract
Shoot cultures were established from axillary buds (11 strains) or seeds (1 strain) of individual Digitalis lanata Ehrh. plants and propagated partially submerged in liquid medium. Five of these shoot culture strains were characterized with regard to their growth and cardenolide content. The cultures were observed for more than one year and found to be relatively stable with regard to their growth and cardenolide spectrum and yield. The strains examined differed in terms of their total cardenolide yield, which ranged from about 30 nmol g DW-1 to almost 1000 nmol g DW-1. Cardenolide content was correlated with leaf size and development. Depending on the strain investigated up to ten different cardenolides could be detected by HPLC. The main cardenolides were identified by comparing HPLC and TLC results with those of authentic samples and chemical degradation as being the mono- and diglycosides glucodigifucoside, glucoverodoxin, odorobioside G, and odoroside H; minor amounts of digitalinum verum and glucoevatromonoside were also found. In addition, the tetrasaccharides lanatoside A and C were present. The shoots were cardenolide-free when cultivated in the dark for more than 30 weeks, but regained their characteristic cardenolide profile when transferred back to light. For the dark cultivation of chlorophyll-free cultures a medium containing 3.5% glucose was found to be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Stuhlemmer
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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4
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Lichius JJ, Bugge G, Wichtl M. [Cardenolide glycosides in Digitalis crossbreeds. Reciprocal crossbreeds of Digitalis lanata with other Digitalis species]. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1992; 325:167-71. [PMID: 1642514 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19923250306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Lichius
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Philipps-Universität, Marburg a.d. Lahn
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5
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Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of secondary cardiac glycosides in Digitalis purpurea leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. The procedure consisted of extraction of dry leaf powder with ethanol-chloroform (2:1) and clean-up by Sep-Pak cartridges prior to HPLC analysis. HPLC was performed on an octylsilyl bonded silica column, using acetonitrile-methanol-water (4:4:5) for trisdigitoxosides and acetonitrile-methanol-water (8:30:43) for strospeside; the effluent was monitored by ultraviolet detection (at 220 nm). Quantitation of these cardiac glycosides was carried out by the internal standard method. The amounts of digitoxin, gitoxin, gitaloxin and strospeside per 100 mg of dry leaf powder were estimated to be 22.6, 14.0, 54.7 and 1.9 micrograms, respectively. The method is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible to assay secondary glycosides in Digitalis purpurea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Hokuriku University, Japan
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6
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Kamernitzky AV, Reshetova IG, Ovchinnikov AA, Shamovsky IL, Massova IA, Mirsalikhova NM. Structural basis of steroid compounds interaction with "digitalis"-receptor sites of Na,K-dependent ATPase. J Steroid Biochem 1989; 32:857-63. [PMID: 2547115 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two Steroid molecules have been tested for the inhibition Na,K-dependent ATPase at 10(-7)-10(-4) M concentrations. At the 10(-5) M concentration of the investigated molecules, inhibition ranged from 8 to 36%. To explain the structure-inhibition % relationship, we determined the value of heteropolarity or biphilicity moment of these molecules. This value would appear to be dependent on the space location and hydrophilicity of the molecule elementary fragments, and to the degree of their water accessibility; however, it is independent of the hydrophilicity of the molecules as a whole. On the basis of the obtained data, details of Na,K-ATPase digitalis-receptor structure and the mechanism of the glycoside-receptor interaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kamernitzky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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7
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Gault MH. Digitalis and renal failure. Int J Artif Organs 1988; 11:141-3. [PMID: 3042631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Gault
- Memorial University, St. John's-Newfoundland, A1B 3V6 Canada
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8
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Zhu JH, Li WY. [Separation of 13 digitalis glycosides of the cardenolide group by reversed-phase HPLC]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1987; 22:520-4. [PMID: 3450152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Castañeda Hernández G. [Characterization of an endogenous factor with digitalic activity in the guinea pig heart (II): Binding to a receptor]. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1987; 57:187-91. [PMID: 2959218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work we continue the studies on the presence of an endogenous digitalis-like factor in mammals. A water extract from guinea pig heart was partially purified by liquid chromatography. The extract displaced (3H)ouabain specific binding to guinea pig heart Na,K-ATPase yielding a displacement curve parallel to that observed when digoxin was used as displacing agent. The data suggest that the activity of the extract was due to the presence of a factor that recognizes the digitalis binding site but not to ions nor lipids. Furthermore, the extract cross-reacted with antidigoxin antibodies in a manner similar to the specific antigens. These results support the hypothesis of the existence of an endogenous ligand of the digitalis receptor in mammals that could be a physiological regulator of the sodium pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castañeda Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Departamento de Farmacología y de Toxicología
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10
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Horváth P. Quantitative analysis of natural drugs II. Quantitative TLC determination of digoxin and other glycosides in pretreated Digitalis lanata extracts. Acta Pharm Hung 1982; 52:133-40. [PMID: 7090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Edelman L, Colignon A, Scherrmann JM, Fournier E, Reviron J, Bach JF. [Production of an anti-digitalin monoclonal antibody (author's transl)]. C R Seances Acad Sci III 1982; 294:421-4. [PMID: 6807500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anti-digitalin monoclonal antibodies were obtained by hybridization of lymphoid cells from mice immunized with the drug and the 8653 myeloma cells from BALB/c Mice. Two of these antibodies were submitted to immunochemical analysis which revealed that they belonged to IgM and IgGl classes, and the high affinity of one of them (1,2 x 10(9) M(-1)). The availability os such antibodies opens new perspectives for the treatment of digitalin intoxication and the possibility of establishing a standardized radioimmunoassay.
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14
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Schreiber V, Gregorová I, Pribyl T, Stĕpán J. Digitalis-like biological activity and immunoreactivity in chromatographic fractions of rabbit adrenal extract. Endocrinol Exp 1981; 15:229-36. [PMID: 7032890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dichloromethane extract of rabbit adrenals was subjected to thin-layer chromatography (Kieselgel 60F-254, MERCK) and digoxin immunoreactivity and digitalis glycoside-like biological activity were determined in the fractions by homogeneous enzymoimmunoassay and by inhibition of 86Rb uptake by red blood cells in vitro, respectively. Both the immunoreactivity and the biological activity maximum were present in two fractions which moved (in chromatography) between the corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone and showed a different RF from the deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone. In association with previous findings on digoxin-like immunoreactivity in the serum of animals with a cardiac overload, the possible existence of a cardiotropic steroid of adrenocortical origin is suggested.
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15
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Bloch DE. Reverse phase thin layer chromatographic procedure for identification of digoxin and related fluorescing substances. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1980; 63:707-8. [PMID: 7400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A one-step method was developed to replace the current USP monograph procedrues for identification of digoxin and determination of related fluorescing substances. The new method is much quicker than the previous tests, which required paper chromatography and fluorometric measurements, respectively. Using reverse phase silica gel plates (C18 bonded to silica gel), digoxin was separated from digitoxin, gitoxin, and digoxigenin mono-digitoxoside, and partially resolved from digoxigenin bis-digitoxoside. A digoxin reference standard is used to correlate Rf values for identification, and a dilute solution of gitoxin is also co-spotted to give a maximum intensity limit for related fluorescing substances.
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16
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Albengres E, Castaigne A, Lejonc JL, Tillement JP. [Drug assay: the assay of digitalis as an example]. Rev Prat 1980; 30:2311-6. [PMID: 7414232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Abstract
The release of digoxin and its simultaneous conversion to digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside, digoxigenin monodigitoxoside, and digoxigenin in a USP dissolution test medium were followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Two products, Tablets A and B, were manufactured by solvent deposition and simple blending methods, respectively. Tablet A released digoxin faster than Tablet B in distilled water and in artificial intestinal juice, and no decomposition was observed. In the USP dissolution test medium, the rate of hydrolysis to digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside was almost equal to that of hydrolysis to digoxigenin monodigitoxoside, and a comparatively large formation rate of digoxigenin was observed. Concentrations of digoxin and its decomposition products were described by differential equations that included dissolution rates of digoxin (rapidly dissolving digoxin and digoxin crystals) and an apparent hydrolysis rate. In the earlier stage of dissolution, hydrolysis was rate determining; in the later stage, dissolution became the rate-determining step for overall digoxin degradation. To suppress digoxin hydrolysis in the USP dissolution test medium, a developmental formulation study was performed. The incorporation of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide-aluminum hydroxide in the tablet formulations inhibited digoxin hydrolysis by 15.3 and 14.5%, respectively, after dissolution for 30 min without serious delay of drug release.
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18
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Nore AK, Storstein L, Larsen A, Amlie JP. Digitalis glycosides in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, determined with a commercial radioimmunoassay. Clin Chem 1980; 26:321-3. [PMID: 7353287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated a commercial (Clinical Assays, Inc.) 125I radioimmunoassay for digitoxin for use in measuring cardiac glycosides in serum, buffer, urine, and cerebrospinal-fluid samples. We also assessed interference of seven cardioactive metabolites of digitoxin, including digoxin, with the assay. The precision of the assay was adequate for all matrixes studied for glycoside concentrations less than 5 microgram/L. Reactivity in the assay was dependent on the nature of the matrix: buffer and serum samples containing digitoxin showed a stronger reactivity than did samples of urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Patients' samples must therefore be analyzed with a standard curve prepared by use of the same matrix. The digitoxosides of digitoxin showed a slightly higher reactivity in the assay than did digitoxin itself, but digitoxigenin showed a 50% lesser reactivity. Digoxin, its digitoxosides, and digoxigenin hardly react at all in the assay and so do not interfere with digitoxin determinations.
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19
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Gault H, Kalra J, Ahmed M, Kepkay D, Barrowman J. Influence of gastric pH on digoxin biotransformation. I. Intragastric hydrolysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980; 27:16-21. [PMID: 7351113 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1980.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
3H-digoxin-12 alpha and unlabeled digoxin were administered down a nasogastric tube and digoxin, digoxyigenin and its mono- and bis-digitoxosides, and pH were assayed in gastric fluid of 6 healthy subjects at intervals for 90 min each under 4 conditions: pentagastrin infusion 6 micrograms/kg/hr with the subjects ambulatory and supine, and saline infusion ambulatory and supine. Intragastric hydrolysis occurred at roughly the same rate as reported in vitro. At 90 min, an average of 12.5% of the radioactivity that remained in the gastric fluid was recovered as digoxin for the 2 conditions when pentagastrin was infused, compared with 52.5% for th 2 conditions when saline was infused. The main glycosidic metabolite was digoxigenin and the amount correlated closely with the hydrogen ion activity in gastric fluid at 90 min (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01). Only minor differences were found between the supine and ambulatory conditions. The clinical significance of these results remains to be determined.
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20
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Vine J, Brown L, Boutagy J, Thomas R, Nelson D. Cardenolide analogues: 10--characterization of cardiac glycosides by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Mass Spectrom 1979; 6:415-21. [PMID: 526557 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential of chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of naturally occurring and semi-synthetic cardiac glycosides has been investigated. Methane, isobutane and ammonia were used as reactant gases. With the exception of ouabain, the ammonia chemical ionization mass spectra of the cardiac glycosides examined in this work contained abundant [M + NH4]+ions and abundant fragment ions formed by cleavage of glycoside bonds. Ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry was found to provide a rapid and sensitive method for the characterization of the products of glycosidation reactions. In contrast, the methane and isobutane chemical ionization mass spectra of the cardiac glycosides, with the exception of ouabain, did not contain protonated molecular ions and did not contain abundant fragment ions above m/z 400.
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21
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Plaut D. Cardiac glycosides: digitalis, digoxin, and digitoxin. Am J Med Technol 1978; 44:896-904. [PMID: 707558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Gfeller JC, Frey G, Frei RW. Post-column derivatization in high-performance liquid chromatography using the air segmentation principle: application to digitalis glycosides. J Chromatogr A 1977; 142:271-81. [PMID: 914926 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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24
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Vlasenko LM. [Comparative assessment of 2 methods of photometric determination of digitalis glycosides in forensic-chemical studies]. Farmatsiia 1977; 26:38-41. [PMID: 892023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Comparison of the data for adsorption and reversed-phase chromatography of digitalis glycosides shows the complementary nature of the two modes of separation. The correct choice for a particular problem should make possible a rapid and good separation with simple isocratic systems. Detection limits vary between 10 and 100 ng per injection and permit the analysis of by-products even in low-dosage pharmaceutical formulations. Quantitation is easily possible with both chromatographic techniques using external standardization. The reproducibility for repetitive chromatograms is about 1% relative standard deviation for manual injections by loop injectors and is even significantly better for automatic injection. Reversed-phase chromatography can offer some advantages with regard to sample preparation of pharmaceutical formulations.
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26
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Vlasenko LM. [Determination of the digitalis glycosides in cadaveric material by a photometric method based on the interaction reaction with 2,2',4,4'-tetranitrodiphenyl]. Sud Med Ekspert 1976; 19:23-7. [PMID: 1014052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Mikhno VV, Kramarenko VF. [Use of chromatography on a thin layer of sorbent for the analysis of erysimine]. Farm Zh 1976; 31:47-50. [PMID: 1026492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Nachtmann F, Spitzy H, Frei RW. Ultraviolet derivatization of digitalis glycosides as 4-nitrobenzoates for liquid chromatographic trace analysis. Anal Chem 1976; 48:1576-9. [PMID: 962146 DOI: 10.1021/ac50005a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Nachtmann F, Spitzy H, Frei RW. Rapid and sensitive high-resolution procedure for digitalis glycoside analysis by derivatization liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1976; 122:293-303. [PMID: 932157 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)82252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The separation and quantitative determination of digitalis glycosides by high performance liquid chromatography following derivatization with 4-nitrobenzoylchloride (4-NBC1) is described. The compounds of primary interest were the digitalis glycosides and aglycones of the pharmaceutically important A, B and C series, The derivatization step results in higher extinction values at a more favourable wavelength (260 nm), which permits the use of low-cost ultraviolet detectors. Detection limits are below 20 ng/ml for all of the glycosides tested. The chromatographic properties are also improved by reducing the polarity without a decrease in selectivity. The use of low-polarity and low-viscosity solvent systems on silica gel adsorbents permits rapid isocratic separations of complex mixtures as they usually occur in pharmaceutical products and extracts. The quantitative potential of this method was demonstrated by analyzing ampoule solutions containing desacetyl lanatoside C as the active compound. The active substance, by-products and degradation products were determined down to 0.1% of the total glycoside concentration in one ampoule.
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31
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of the cardiac glycofides have been elucidated as a result of the development of assays of sufficient sensitivity to measure the concentration of digitalis compounds in biological fluids. Digoxin can accumulate in the body without the administration of a loading dose, and a steady state blood concentration will be reached in 5 to 7 days. Digitoxin requires 35 days to accumulate to a plateau. If a loading dose of digoxin is used, it should be approximately three times the estimated daily maintenance dose. Factors that determine the selection of the appropriate maintenance dose of digoxin include renal function and lean body mass. Digitoxin is less dependent on renal function for its elimination than is digoxin. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of digitalis preparations is useful in determining how to change from one cardiac glycoside to another, each with different half-lives. One should wait 3 days before starting digoxin therapy when changing from maintenance digitoxin to digoxin (assuming normal renal function). The pharmacokinetics of changing from ouabain to digoxin without loss of digitalis effect are described. The metabolism of the commonly used digitalis preparations are summarized.
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32
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Marcus FI, Ryan JN, Stafford MG. The reactivity of derivatives of digoxin and digitoxin as measured by the Na-K-atpase displacement assay and by radioimmunoassay. J Lab Clin Med 1975; 85:610-20. [PMID: 123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of digoxin and digitoxin were measured by the Na-K-ATPase displacement assay and by radioimmunoassay and the data compared with biological potency of these compounds. There was a slightly higher affinity of digoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside as compared with digoxin using digoxin-specific antiserum and considerably less affinity of digoxigenin and dihydrodigoxin than the parent compound in the same system. A similar trend was observed for the derivatives of digitoxin using digoxin-specific antiserum. The recovery on extraction of some of the derivatives of digoxin and digitoxin differed from that of the parent compounds in the ATPase assay. The potency of the derivatives of these drugs in displacing 3H ouabain also differed from the parent compoundmboth the recovery on extraction and the potency for displacing ouabain must be considered in the estimation of the contribution of the derivatives of digoxin or digitoxin to the result of Na-K-ATPase assay. Quantitative information of the metabolites of digoxin and digitoxin in normal and pathological conditions is needed to properly interpret assay data obtained either by radioimmunoassay or by ATPase assay.
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Abstract
A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) is presented for the determination of digoxin and its acylated derivatives. In the procedure the antiserum is covalently bound to bromacetylcellulose. Therefore the free and the immunologically bound digoxin fractions can easily be separated by centrifuging. The radioactivity in the supernatant representing the unbound digoxin is proportional to the digoxin concentration in the sample. This modification of the RIA for digoxin is far more time saving than the separation procedure using dextran-coated charcoal as an absorbent; nevertheless both methods are equally sensitive, specific and reliable. The use of the solid phase assay is demonstrated comparing the bioavailability of various digoxin derivatives.
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35
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Friedel R, Dwenger A, Bode R, Trautschold I. A system for the mechanized radioimmunological determination of peptide hormones and digitalis glycosides. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 1974; 12:237-8. [PMID: 4440135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Evans FJ, Flemons PA, Duignan CF, Cowley PS. A new thin-layer densitometric technique for the assay of cardenolides from Digitalis purpurea. J Chromatogr A 1974; 88:341-6. [PMID: 4814351 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)83158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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38
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Rouzioux JM, Badinand A, Roche L. [Medico-legal value of toxic levels obtained in post-mortem sampling]. Med Leg Dommage Corpor 1974; 7:33-6. [PMID: 4407998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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Carvalhas ML, Figueira MA. Comparative study of thin-layer chromatographic techniques for separation of digoxin, digitoxin and their main metabolites. J Chromatogr A 1973; 86:254-60. [PMID: 4765314 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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41
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Fonin VS, Sheberstov VV. [Effect of the growing conditions for the foxglove on the content of glycosides in the leaves]. Farmatsiia 1973; 22:83-6. [PMID: 4590329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Vlasenko LM, Rubtsov AF, Taranukha ES, Ol'sberg LA. [Poisoning by Wenckebach's dragée]. Sud Med Ekspert 1973; 16:40-1. [PMID: 4760339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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43
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Frèrejacque M, Durgeat M. [Structure of cerberiopsin II]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1973; 676:825-6. [PMID: 4196518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fujino S. [Microassay of digitalis in vivo]. Kokyu To Junkan 1972; 20:1037-47. [PMID: 4569019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
The phytosterols of Digitalis purpurea occur as lipids and as glucosides. Gas-liquid chromatography and mass-spectrometry indicated that both fractions contained sitosterol as the major component, and also varying proportions of stigmasterol, campesterol and cholesterol. Certain of the lipid fractions contained 24-methylenecholesterol. The phytosterol concentrations and relative proportions were determined at monthly intervals during the first year of growth, and also in various morphological units of second year plants. The composition of the phytosterol fractions depended upon the plant organ examined and also upon the phase of growth of the plant.
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Watson E, Tramell P, Kalman SM. Identification of submicrogram amounts of digoxin, digitoxin, and their metabolic products. Isolation by chromatography and preparation of derivatives for assay by electron capture detector. J Chromatogr A 1972; 69:157-63. [PMID: 5039625 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)83095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pötter H, Bärisch H. [Studies on thin-layer chromatographic analysis of digitalis glycosides]. Pharmazie 1972; 27:315-8. [PMID: 4345982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Schäfer J, Stein M. [Influence of cultivation and harvesting conditions on the leaf yield and the content of total glycosides and digitoxin in Digitalis purpurea L]. Pharmazie 1971; 26:771-3. [PMID: 5141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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