Serological analysis of cell surface antigens of HL-60 cells before and after treatment with a phorbol ester tumor promoter

The human HL-60 cell line derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia, consisting of promyelocytic type of cells, was able to differentiate into adherent cells with monocytemacrophage features by the treatment with 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Cell surface antigens of HL-60 cells before and after TPA treatment were studied with monoclonal antibodies and four hybridoma clones producing IgM antibodies were established. Two antibodies (HL-21 and HL-47) reacted only with the immunizing TPA-treated HL-60 cells, and HL-1 antibody produced against untreated cells was reactive with both TPA-treated and untreated cells, but HL-5 antibody reacted predominantly with the immunizing untreated cells. Serological reactivity against various types of normal hematopoietic cells and acute leukemias (diagnosed by the French-American-British classification) was studied by immune adherence assay and immuno-electron microscopy. HL-21 antibody was reactive with monocytes and most cases of M4 and M5 types of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia cells. HL-47 antibody did not react with the cells of myelocyte-monocyte lineage or mature lymphocytes, but it did react with one-third of acute lymphocytic leukemia (L1 and L2) cases. Since all HL-47+ cases were included in the group of common ALL antigen positive cases, it was estimated that HL-47 is a differentiation antigen present on lymphocyte precursors, from which null-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemia cells generally originate. HL-1 antibody reacted with the cells of myelocyte-monocyte lineage as well as those of most acute non-lymphocytic leukemias. HL-5 antibody reacted with granulocytes and M2 type of acute myelocytic leukemia cases, and also with M5 type of acute monocytic leukemia cases. Serological studies of these antibodies revealed that TPA can induce to differentiate HL-60 cells not only into HL-21+ macrophage-like cells, but also into HL-47+ lymphoid stem cells. In addition, these antibodies were demonstrated to be very valuable for differential diagnosis of acute leukemias.

Serological analysis of cell surface antigens of null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia by mouse monoclonal antibodies

Nine antigens systems were defined. Two were related to HLA-A,B,C and to Ia-like antigens; the others could be grouped into three categories. (i) NL-22, NL-1: NL-22 antibody reacted with leukemia cells from 12 to 16 cases of null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (null-ALL) but not with any other type of leukemia tested or with lymphoid cells of various origins. Among cultured cell lines tested, one (NALM-6) of three null-ALL cell lines was positive, the others were negative. Absorption analysis confirmed the restriction of NL-22 antigen to null-ALL. NL-1 antibody was reactive with leukemia cells from 10 to 16 cases of null-ALL and 3 of 6 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic crisis (CML-BC). The antigen was present also on a minor population of normal lymphoid cells. The distribution and molecular weight (100,000; glycoprotein) of the NL-1 antigen resembled that of the previously described common ALL antigen (cALL). (ii) NL-30, NL-4: Both antibodies exhibited almost identical patterns of reactivities against cultured cell lines tested. They reacted with leukemia cells from some cases of null-ALL, adult T-cell leukemia, and CML-BC, although they showed discordance in their reactivities against a panel of leukemia cells, (iii) NL-9, NL-8, NL-25: These three antibodies detect serologically distinguishable determinants on a broad range of leukemias and normal lymphoid and hematopoietic cell types. The antibodies analyzed in this study provide evidence for the heterogeneity of null-ALL by demonstrating a variety of antigen phenotypes on leukemia cells. One of the antigens (NL-22) appears to be restricted to null-ALL.

Non-IgG1 nature of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity factor in contact sensitivity

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH)-inducing factor was demonstrated in immune sera obtained from dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-sensitized animals 2 weeks after sensitization (DNP-GPS-2W). It showed hapten specificity and worked dose dependently. It was fractionated into a non-gamma-globulin fraction by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration following ammonium sulfate desalting and CM-cellulose chromatography. The factor was eluted into a fraction of a little smaller molecular weight than bovine serum albumin on Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. It passed through an antiguinea pig IgG1 column and was absorbed to a DNP-BGG column. On SDS-PAGE it failed to show any staining band because of low protein concentration. From these results CBH factor appearing in circulation in contact-sensitized animals was thought to be a somewhat different molecule from that of Askenase's factor, i.e. IgG1 antibody.

Rapid isolation and lipid characterization of plasma membranes from normal and malignant lymphoid cells of mouse

A rapid isolation method was developed for plasma membranes from mouse lymphoid cells such as lymph node lymphocytes, thymocytes, radiation-induced thymoma cells and L1210 cells. Lysates of these lymphoid cells were prepared by Dounce homogenization under hypotonic conditions and directly layered on sucrose step density gradients containing 2 mM CaCl2 and 5 mM MgCl2, and centrifuged at 52 000 X g for 1 h. Plasma membrane fractions appeared at the interface between 20 and 42% sucrose in the gradients. The procedure permitted purified membranes from cells to be obtained within 3 h, and the preparations appeared to be uniform by electron microscopy. Specific activities of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase of the isolated plasma membranes were enriched 23- to 61-fold, 12- to 15-fold and 18- to 34-fold, respectively, in comparison with those of the corresponding cell homogenates. Cholesterol content of the malignant cell membranes was lower than that of the normal membranes and the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid of the malignant cell membranes was also lower than that of the normal membranes. A decreased plasmalogen content was observed in the malignant plasma membranes, together with a higher percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine and a lower percentage of phosphatidylserine. In the normal cell membranes, thymocytes contained a higher percentage of phosphatidylcholine and a lower percentage of sphingomyelin than those of the lymph node lymphocytes. At all temperature ranges (5 to 40 degrees C) the plasma membranes of the malignant cells had lower microviscosity than those of the normal cells.

Cells capable of uptake of horseradish peroxidase in some circumventricular organs of the cat and rat

The structure of mesenchymal cells distributed in some of the "hypendymal organs" of the circumventricular system in the cat and rat was demonstrated after intravenous injection of high doses of horseradish peroxidase. These cellular elements were observed in the vicinity of blood vessels of the organon vasculosum laminae terminalis, subfornical organ and area postrema. Electron-microscopically, these cells located between the basal laminae of the brain parenchyma and the blood capillaries show long cellular processes encircling fenestrated capillaries. Light- and electron-microscopic examination revealed that this cell type is identical with the "horseradish peroxidase-uptake cells,", previously reported in the vicinity of the hypophysial portal system. Such phagocytic cells may be considered as a cellular component intervening between the brain parenchyma and the blood stream, playing a role in selective barrier functions in the above-mentioned circumventricular organs where a blood-brain barrier in the classical sense of the definition is lacking.

The protection of coenzyme Q10 against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity

It has been suggested that lipid peroxidation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity. In the present study, experimental liver injury induced by CCl4 could be inhibited by Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and in spite of exposure to CCl4 the liver tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reacting substances were not increased in rats pretreated with CoQ10. In the in vitro experiment as well, the apparent liver tissue levels of TBA were decreased after addition of CoQ10. These facts provided evidences that CoQ10 possessed a direct antioxidative effect and protected against CCl4 hepatotoxicity by this antioxidative effect.

Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by pancreatic oncofetal antigen (poa) in pure pancreatic juice

Pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) was detected in the pure pancreatic juice by double immunodiffusion assay in a series of patients, using anti-POA prepared by immunizing rabbits with human fetal pancreas homogenate. The test was positive in as many as 72% of the patients with pancreatic cancer studied, whereas only less than 10% of patients with other diseases or normal controls were positive for this antigen, thus suggesting a potential usefulness of the pure pancreatic juice assay for POA in the diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas. The POA has proven to be distinct from such oncofetal antigens as AFP and CEA, to be labile to heating at 85 degrees C, to show beta-mobility on immunoelectrophoresis and to have a molecular weight of approximately 37,000 as estimated by gel filtration chromatography.

Immunological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by assaying carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pure pancreatic juice

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the pure pancreatic juice collected endoscopically were measured in a total of 102 cases including 18 with pancreatic cancer using radioimmunoassay. CEA levels in the pancreatic juice were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with pancreatic cancer than in those with pancreatitis or with other miscellaneous diseases and in normal controls. Despite the elevated CEA level in the pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic cancer without liver metastasis, their serum CEA did not necessarily reveal a high value. In contrast, CEA in the pancreatic juice from patients with an advanced stage with liver metastasis, did not show a high value, although some of them had high CEA in their sera. It is concluded that the estimation of CEA levels in the pancreatic juice provides important diagnostic information in the detection of pancreatic cancer in the early stage.

Lipid analysis of isolated plasma membranes of lymphoid cells in benign thymomas of Buffalo/Mna rats

Plasma membranes were isolated from lymphoid cells of benign thymomas obtained from inbred BUF/Mna rats (21 mo old) and from normal thymocytes obtained from young rats (7 wk old) of the same strain. The isolated plasma membranes were electron microscopically pure, and the specific activities of Na+, K+-ATPase, and 5'-nucleotidase were enhanced. The lipid compositions of the plasma membranes from these two sources were analyzed and compared. The cholesterol and plasmalogen contents of membranes from both sources were similar, but the phospholipid content of the benign thymoma lymphoid cell membranes was slightly lower than that of the normal thymocytes, resulting in a somewhat higher molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid. The plasma membranes of the thymoma lymphoid cells also exhibited a slightly higher microviscosity as measured with fluorescence polarization. No significant differences were observed in the phospholipid compositions of the two membrane preparations.

Lipids of plasma membranes from rat thymic lymphoid cells: deficiency of sphingomyelin

Plasma membranes were isolated from normal thymocytes of Wistar-King-A rats and from Moloney virus-induced rat thymic leukemias (RML11 and RML30 cells) using a simplified method developed by us. All the isolated plasma membranes were electron-microscopically pure and enriched in the specific activities of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase in comparison with those of the corresponding whole cell homogenates. These plasma membranes as well as the original cells were analyzed for phopholipid composition and contents of phospholipid, cholesterol and plasmalogen. There was no difference in the phospholipid composition among the three plasma membranes. However, all the plasma membranes were deficient in sphingomyelin, namely, 1.8% for the normal thymocytes, 2.2% for the RML11 cells and 1.9% for the RML30 cells as percentage of the total phospholipid phosphorus. The contents of phospholipid (mumol per mg protein), cholesterol (mumol per mg protein) and plasmalogen (mol% to phospholipid) of the plasma membranes from both lines of malignant cells were lower than those of the normal thymocyte membranes. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid of the malignant cell membranes was also lower than that of the normal membranes, because in the former membranes the degree of decrease in the cholesterol content was higher than that in phospholipid content.

Increase of antitumor effect on bleomycin by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and microsomes in vitro and in vivo

The DNA chain breakage effect of bleomycin A2 on isolated nuclei was enhanced over 150-fold by the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent electron transport system of isolated microsomes. The enhancement of bleomycin A2-induced DNA chain breakage by NADPH was also shown at the level of the intact AH66 cells. Furthermore, it was found that the simultaneous administration of bleomycin and NADPH apparently inhibited the growth of Erhlich tumors in mice compared with the administration of bleomycin alone. These results indicate that the action of bleomycin on DNA is stimulated by the microsomal NADPH-dependent electron transport system not only in vitro but also in vivo.

Elevation of serum lipid peroxide level associated with doxorubicin toxicity and its amelioration by [dl]-alpha-tocopheryl acetate or coenzyme Q10 in mouse (doxorubicin, toxicity, lipid peroxide, tocopherol, coenzyme Q10)

Elevations of serum lipid peroxide levels were demonstrated in mice after an equitoxic dose of doxorubicin. When BDF1 mice were injected with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg body weight, IP), lipid peroxide levels in sera were elevated 1 day after the injection and the levels declined on subsequent days. 5-Fluorouracil (400 mg/kg body weight, IP) never changed the peroxide levels in serum. Furthermore, it was found that the co-administration of [dl]-alpha-tocopheryl acetate or coenzyme Q10 IM strongly inhibited the doxorubicin-induced elevation of lipid peroxides in serum. The effectiveness of [dl]-alpha-tocopheryl acetate or coenzyme Q10 in reducing the lethality of doxorubicin in mice was also confirmed. These results indicate that the measurement of serum 2-thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances provided a useful measurement of lipid peroxide levels, which may be involved in some way with doxorubicin toxicity, and that the administration of antioxidants provide protection against some of the side effects of doxorubicin.

Effect of a streptococcal preparation on the complement system

Streptococcal preparation OK-432 (Picibanil), clinically being used as an immunopotentiator, has been shown to activate the complement system either through the classical or the alternative pathway in vitro [15]. In this experiment, OK-432 was found to increase serum complement level in guinea pigs, and in human without malignancy, when investigated by hemolytic assay using sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) for the classical pathway activity and unsensitized rabbit erythrocytes (RaE) for the alternative pathway activity. Assay of complement components revealed a significant increase in C3, but decrease in Clq, while no specific tendency was observed in C4, C5, C9, properdin, C3 activator and Cl-inhibitor. These evidences suggested that OK-432 might potentiate immune response of the host by elevating serum complement level, in addition to activate the complement system.

Serum proteins and secretory component in human carious dentin

By the use of the peroxidase-labeled antibody method, significant localization of IgG, IgA, albumin and transferrin was demonstrated in the deep lesion of 20 carious teeth, where the secretory component was absent. These serum proteins formed a distinct zone, surrounding the overlying, shallow lesion infected with bacteria.

Fusiform aneurysm of basilar artery associated with bilateral choroidal cysts

A case of large fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery and bilateral choroidal cysts in the lateral ventricles is reported. The pathogenesis of the choroidal cysts is briefly discussed.

Enhancement of DNA chain breakage by bleomycin A2 in the presence of microsomes and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Chain breakage in DNA induced by bleomycin A2 (BLM) was enhanced more than 150-fold by the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent electron transport system of rat liver microsomes. However, the enhancement effect on DNA was partially reduced by the preincubation of BLM with the microsomal systems. BLM-Cu2+ was found to stimulate considerably microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent oxygen consumption and malondialdehyde formation, whereas BLM inhibited both of the effects. These findings suggest that the pharmacological action of BLM is strongly affected by a membrane system, such as microsomes, that produces free radicals.