Noncaseating granulomas of the pancreas. Probable sarcoidosis

The patient presented with evidence of common bile duct obstruction and at surgery had narrowing of the distal common bile duct secondary to noncaseating granulomas of the pancreas, most probably sarcoidosis. Although pancreatic sarcoid is rare, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic disease.

Chromatin-negative Klinefelter's syndrome with focal megalencephaly

At autopsy, 72-year-old white male with chromatin-negative Klinefelter's syndrome, mental retardation, psychotic behavior, and carcinoma of the lung was noted to have right unilateral focal cerebral and cerebellar megalencephaly with broad gyri, a cytoarchitectually abnormal cortex, and thickened cerebral vessels. Literature about the neuropathology of Klinefelter's syndrome and several cases of other chromosome aberrations (XYY and XO syndromes) are reviewed. These neuropathological changes are thought to be related to clinical manifestation.

Localization of proteoglycan monomer and link protein in the matrix of bovine articular cartilage: An immunohistochemical study

Using monospecific antisera and immunofluorescence microscopy, proteoglycan monomer (PG), and link proteins were demonstrated throughout the extracellular matrix of bovine articular cartilage. A narrow band of strong pericellular staining was usually observed for both molecules, indicating a pericellular concentration of proteoglycan monomer: this conclusion was supported by dye-binding studies. Whereas PG was evenly distributed throughout the remaining matrix, more link protein was detectable in interterritorial sites in middle and deep zones. Well-defined zones of weaker territorial staining for link protein stained strongest for chondroitin sulfate. Trypsin treatment of cartilage resulted in a loss of most of the PG staining, but some selective retention of link protein, particularly around chondrocytes in the superficial zone at and near the articular surface. This residual staining was largely removed if sections were fixed after chondroitinase treatment. After extraction of cartilage with 4M guanidine hydrochloride, only PG remained and this was concentrated in the superficial zone. These observations are shown to support the concept of aggregation of PG and link protein with hyaluronic acid (HA) in cartilage matrix, and the binding of PG and link protein to HA, which is attached to the chondrocyte surface. Culture of cartilage depleted of PG and link protein by trypsin demonstrated that individual chondrocytes can secrete both PG and link proteins and that the organization of cartilage matrix can be regenerated in part over a period of 4 days.

Intrathoracic lipomas. Report of three cases and review of the literature with emphasis on endobronchial lipoma

Intrathoracic lipomas are rare, benign neoplasms of unknown origin, with symptoms depending primarily on their location and size. They frequently represent on incidental roentgenographic finding and are clinically significant in that they may simulate malignant tumors and, when located endobronchially, may cause irreparable lung damage. Three cases of intrathoracic neoplasms are reported herein, and the English literature on the subject reviewed. In some cases, bronchoscopic examination may yield the diagnosis of endobronchial lipoma but, in general, thoracotomy is required for diagnosis. A more complete classification is suggested and the preferred mode of treatment is discussed.

Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis associated with glioblastoma multiforme

The authors report a case in which glioblastoma multiforme was intimately associated with a surgical anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to a branch of the middle cerebral artery.

Influence of hippocampectomy on gastric ulcer in rats

Hippocampectomized male rats were prepared, and the incidence as well as severity of gastric ulceration upon restraint were compared with those of normal control animals and controls with localized damage to the cortex over the hippocampus. In another experiment, observations on gastric ulceration were made without restraint in hippocampectomized animals, normal controls, controls with cortical damage, vagotomized animals and animals that received hippocampectomy as well as vagotomy. Both in restrained and unrestrained states, the incidence of animals with ulcer as well as the number and the total area of ulcers per stomach were significantly larger in the hippocampal animals than they were in the other animal groups. Vagotomy abolished the effect of hippocampectomy upon gastric ulceration in the unrestrained state. We infer that the hippocampus helps to protect the stomach from ulceration partly by controlling vagal activity.

Influence of ginseng on mating behavior of male rats

Experiment on the mating behavior of male albino rats paired with receptive females established that in comparison with control animals, males under the influence of ginseng (a) began ejaculation earlier and repeated the action more often in a 45-minute observation period and (b) deposited more copulation plugs in 10 days. The data suggest that ginseng facilitates the mating behavior of male rats.

Effect of hippocampectomy on sleep patterns in cats

The study was planned to see if the hippocampus has an influence on fast wave sleep (FWS) as well as on slow wave sleep (SWS). From 8 male cats EEG, EMG and EOG were recorded for 24 h, first under normal conditions, secondly after cortical damage to the dorsal marginal portion of posterior ectosylvian gyrus, and thirdly following hippocampectomy done through the cortical damage. From the records, SWS, FWS and the sleep state (defined as a sequence of SWS or SWS-FWS phases between two successive waking states) were measured in terms of their occurrence, the mean duration and the total time they occupied in the day, night and 24 h. In addition, sleep sequences were classified according to the number of constituent sleep phases. Cortical damage did not affect SWS, FWS, or sleep state with regard to their occurrence, the mean duration, and the total time they occupied in 24 h. Nor did it affect the proportion of short and long sequences. The circadian variation of sleep was clearly retained. Hippocampectomy significantly reduced the total time occupied by sleep state, SWS and FWS, increased the occurrence of sleep state and SWS phase against decreased incidence of FWS phase, and reduced the mean duration of sleep state and SWS phase. Hippocampectomy also significantly increased the occurrence of sleep sequences with only one SWS phase at the cost of sequences with alternating SWS and FWS phases. Following hippocampectomy, the circadian variation of sleep was not only retained, but actually exagerated. The hippocampus in inferred to facilitate the FWS as well as the SWS phase of sleep.