Efficacy and interactions of oxandrolone, halo-fenate and clofibrate in a factorial study on experimental acute nephrotic hyperlipidemia

Nephrotic mixed hyperlipidemia may be associated with accelerated coronary artery disease. To investigate the response of experimental nephrotic hyperlipidemia to therapy, a 2(4) factorial study of sodium clofibrate and beta-benzalbutyrate, halofenate and oxandrolone (250, 150, 100 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively) was carried out. Nephrotic syndrome was induced by a single i.p. injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (90 mg/kg) in 80 female white rats of average weight 160 g. Oxandrolone proved to be significantly hypotriglyceridemic in combined therapy (average fall, 38%; P less than .05), and also lowered serum total cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations (23% and 21% falls, P less than .01) and less than .05), due largely to synergistic interactions with clofibrate-like drugs. Hypocholesteremic effects (23 and 22% average falls) were also significant for halofenate (P less than .01) and clofibrate (P less than .05) . Serum triglyceride levels actually rose significantly (P less than .05) with drug combinations containing beta-benzalbutyrate. Clofibrate and its analogs (halofenate and beta-benzalbutyrate) produced significant hepatomegaly (mean responses of +18, +18 and +10%, respectively) whereas oxandrolone produced significant hepatic shrinkage (-10%)(P less than .05). Secondary effects (drug interactions) were also found; hypotriglyceridemic synergism (effects more than additive) occurred between oxandrolone and clofibrate or its analogs (P less than .05), whereas antagonism (effects less than additive) was observed within the clofibrate-like group (P less than .01 or less .05).

Renal clearance of human and rat albumins in the rat

Experiments were done to investigate whether molecular discrimination occurred in the renal handling of two species of serum albumin. Human albumin, 40 mg, was infused into rats; it was removed from serum (t1/2 equal to 15.8 hr) more rapidly than previously reported measurements of removal of endogenous rat albumin (t1/2 equal to 46 hr). Human albumin was cleared by the rat kidney at a constant rate of 0.0026 mul/min--a value virtually identical to that of rat albumin (0.0020 mul/min). In rats with proteinuria following the single iv injection of puromycin aminonucleoside, human albumin was removed from serum with a half-life of 17.6 hr. During the development of the nephrotic syndrome, the renal clearances of human and rat albumin increased proportionately. Despite the difference in the serum concentration and rates of removal of the two species of albumin, renal handling of the two species was similar. Thus the kidney did not appear to discriminate in its handling of these two proteins.

Aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. Ultrastructural findings in the glomerulus by concomitant influence of indomethacin and aminonucleoside

The concomitant administration of Indomethacin reduced the biochemical signs of the nephrotic syndrome induced in rats by aminonucleoside; in the rats treated with both drugs a morphological picture suggesting activated function of podocytes was found at the electron microscopic examination of the renal glomerular structures, together with the lesions characteristic of the aminonucleoside nephrosis. The possibility is discussed that Indomethacin could modify the permeability of the glomerular capillary wall by stimulating the podocytes to synthesize basement membrane material.

Membranous nephropathy due to skin-lightening cream

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