1251
|
Lee KH, Hall IH, Mar EC, Starnes CO, ElGebaly SA, Waddell TG, HADGRAFT RI, Ruffner CG, Weidner I. Sesquiterpene antitumor agents: inhibitors of cellular metabolism. Science 1977; 196:533-6. [PMID: 191909 DOI: 10.1126/science.191909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helenalin and tenulin injected into CF1 male mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors inhibit DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase enzymatic activity in the tumor cells. Helenalin inhibited protein synthesis. Both drugs increased the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and interfered with glycolytic and mitochondrial energy processes. Cholesterol synthesis was also inhibited, resulting in lower serum cholesterol levels in tumor-bearing animals. Data obtained in vitro indicate that the cyclopentenone-bearing sesquiterpene lactone and related compounds do not alkylate puring bases of nucleic acids but rather undergo a Michael-type addition reaction with the sulfhydryl groups of reduced glutathione and l-cysteine. Thus, the inhibition of cellular enzyme activities and metabolism that has been observed with these drugs might be explained by the occurrence of a Michael-type teaction.
Collapse
|
1252
|
Warshaw AL, Lee KH. Characteristic alterations of serum isoenzymes of amylase in diseases of liver, pancreas, salivary gland, lung, and genitalia. J Surg Res 1977; 22:362-9. [PMID: 850402 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(77)90158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
1253
|
Lee KH, Kim KH. Regulation of rat liver acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Evidence for interconversion between active and inactive forms of enzyme by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1977; 252:1748-51. [PMID: 14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
1254
|
Lee KH, Kim KH. Regulation of rat liver acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Evidence for interconversion between active and inactive forms of enzyme by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
1255
|
Hall IH, Lee KH, Mar EC, Starnes CO, Waddell TG. Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones. J Med Chem 1977; 20:333-7. [PMID: 845864 DOI: 10.1021/jm00213a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that sesquiterpene lactones or ketones containing the O=CC=CH2 moiety, e.g., tenulin and helenalin, alkylate the thiol group of reduced glutathione and L-cysteine in vitro. A proposal is offered that this mechanism of action is responsible for the observed potent in vivo antitumor activity of these agents in the Ehrlich ascites and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and to a lesser extent in the P388 leukemic screen. Inhibition of tumor growth is thought to occur due to the O=CC=CH2 system alkylating by rapid Michael addition the SH biological nucleophiles of key regulatory enzymes of nucleic acid and chromatin metabolism. This proposition is in accord with the ability of these agents to inhibit DNA synthesis and gene activity of Ehrlich ascites cells.
Collapse
|
1256
|
Lee KH. Analysis of dose, dose-rate and treatment time in the production of injuries by radium treatment for cancer of the uterine cervix. Br J Radiol 1977; 50:151-2. [PMID: 831942 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-50-590-151-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
1257
|
Lee KH, Hill E, Johnston R, Smiehorowski T. Myofeedback for muscle retraining in hemiplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1976; 57:588-91. [PMID: 999485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of audiovisual displays of myoelectric potentials (myofeedback) has been suggested for retraining and strengthening of paretic muscles in patients with hemiplegia from stroke. This controlled study examines the specificity and efficiency of myofeedback in the strengthening of paretic muscles in hemiplegic patients. Eighteen patients with trace to fair-minus grade of deltoid muscle power resulting from strokes that had occurred at least six weeks earlier were randomly assigned to the six possible orders of accurate (true), positive noncontingent (placebo) and no feedback conditions. On three successive days, each patient received one session of each feedback condition, consisting of 20 isometric contractions of five seconds each with ten seconds of intervening rests. In addition, each patient's motivational level was rated. Averaged myoelectric potentials were quantified for each contraction for analysis. When the data were analyzed without grouping, no statistical differences among the three feedback conditions were noted. However, when the subjects were grouped according to age and motivational level, during true and no feedback sessions, the older and the poorly motivated groups were found to show progressive increment of myoelectric output, whereas the younger and the better motivated showed the opposite results. With placebo feedback, both groups showed progressive decrement of myoelectric output. It is concluded that the effect of myofeedback is nonspecific at least in its short-term application for the retraining of hemiplegically paretic muscles.
Collapse
|
1258
|
Warshaw AL, Lee KH. The mechanism of increased renal clearance of amylase in acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1976; 71:388-91. [PMID: 950087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Amylase isoenzymes, separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were measures in 25 normal persons (mean amylase to creatinine clearance ratio 3.0%), 15 patients with acute pancreatitis (mean clearance ratio 9.5%, P less than 0.0001), and 6 patients with hyperamylasemia due to common duct stones (mean clearance ratio 4.1%). Two isoamylases (P1, P2) resembling pancreatic isoenzymes and three isoamylases (S1, S2, S3) resembling salivary isoenzymes appeared regularly in normal serum and urine. Salivary amylases predominated in serum, but pancreatic amylases predominated in urine. This finding is consistent with renal clearance of pancreatic amylases exceeding that of salivary amylases under normal conditions. In patients with pancreatitis or common duct stones, essentially all of the increased amylase activity in serum and urine was due to pancreatic isoamylases (P1 and P2) in their normal proportions. No new or altered amylase isoenzymes were detected. The fraction of pancreatic amylases in the serum or urine was identical for the two diseases. Whereas the difference in amylase to creatinine clearance ratios observed between the two groups of patients is not a function of different amylase isoenzymes presented to the kidney, we conclude that the increased amylase clearance in acute pancreatitis is caused by an alteration of renal transfer of amylase, either at the glomerulus or tubule.
Collapse
|
1259
|
Lee KH, Imakura Y, Sims D. Antitumor agents XVII; Structure and stereochemistry of microhelenin-A, a new antitumor sesquiterpene lactone from Helenium microcephalum. J Pharm Sci 1976; 65:1410-2. [PMID: 966167 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600650940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
1260
|
Lee KH, Jones RA, Dalby A, Tsai CY. Genetic regulation of storaage protein content in maize endosperm. Biochem Genet 1976; 14:641-50. [PMID: 985383 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that zein prepared from normal maize inbred (Zea mays L.) contains six separable components. Z1 and Z2 are the predominant species, with molecular weights of 21,800 and 19,000 daltons. Amino acid analysis of these two components shows that both are rich in glutamic acid, leucine, and proline, but low in lysine. Of the four minor bands, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6, the latter two exist only in trace amounts. A mutation at the opaque-2 locus severely suppresses the synthesis of Z1. The nonallelic mutant, opaque-7, strongly suppresses the synthesis of Z3 and Z4, while slightly reducing Z2. On the other hand, the floury-2 mutant appears to reduce the synthesis of these six proteins in the same relative proportion. In the double mutant combinations, opaque-2 apparently is epistatic to opaque-7 and floury-2 in the synthesis of zein components. The glutelin fraction shows a more complex banding pattern; however, qualitative differences are not apparent among the mutant lines examined.
Collapse
|
1261
|
Lee KH, Johnston R. Electrically induced flexion reflex in gait training of hemiplegic patients: induction of the reflex. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1976; 57:311-4. [PMID: 1084735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the concept of functional electrical stimulation, the use of multiple stimulation sites to activate several paretic muscles in a coordinated fashion during ambulation has been suggested. Rather than stimulating multiple muscles, we have applied a train of electrical pulses to a single skin area to activate several muscles simultaneously through the induction of a flexion reflex, and evaluated the effectiveness of this reflex in producing or assisting the swing phase of the gait cycle in the hemiplegic patient. Two considerations in selecting the best stimulus site were (1) the magnitude of the reflex as measured by the length of time the foot was off the floor following a stimulus and (2) the patient's tolerance to the stimulus. The magnitude of the reflex was proportional to the strength of the stimulus current in all skin areas tested; namely the sole, dorsum of the foot, and lower posterior thigh. Of the six patients tested a flexion reflex was not elicitable by sole stimulation in one and by posterior thigh stimulation in another. In every case, compared to the two other areas, stimulation of the sole was best tolerated and produced responses of equal or greater magnitude with the same intensity of current, even though larger voltages were required owing to greater tissue impedances. With a fixed frequency of 30 Hz, a pulse duration of 3 msec, and a stimulus current sufficient to produce the reflex, the duration of the reflex could be adjusted for each patient by varying the train duration from 100 to 700 msec. This technique offers a means of providing or assisting the swing phase in the gait training of the hemiplegic patient.
Collapse
|
1262
|
Lee KH, Coulet PR, Gautheron DC. Grafting of enzymes on collagen films using Woodward's reagent "K" and a water-soluble carbodiimide derivative. Biochimie 1976; 58:489-97. [PMID: 953053 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(76)80217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new methods of activation were developed to graft enzymes on collegen films. They involved chemical modifications of surface groups of collagen either by Woodward's reagent "K" or by EDC, a water-soluble derivative of carbodiimide. EDC was a better coupling agent and a detailed study was conducted with this agent. It could be used either in a global method of activation and coupling, or in a two-step procedure of activation of collagen, followed by spontaneous coupling of enzyme. All enzymes tested were successfully bound: malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urease, creatine kinase, hexokinase. The influence on the yield of grafted enzyme, of pretreatment of films, time and temperature of EDC activation, concentration of EDC and enzyme, protecting agents was studied. Stability of enzyme activity on storage was greatly increased after grafting. A co-grafted dual system creatine kinase/heoxkinase, was achieved which exhibited a good efficiency. A striking renaturing process at 0-4degreesC after thermal denaturation, was observed with hexokinase.
Collapse
|
1263
|
Lee KH, Kagan AR, Nussbaum H, Wollin M, Winkley JH, Norman A. Analysis of dose, dose-rate and treatment time in the production of injuries by radium treatment for cancer of the uterine cervix. Br J Radiol 1976; 49:430-44. [PMID: 949577 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-49-581-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study has been made of 15 patients who had developed severe complications to the bladder, rectum and ureters after radiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Comprehensive dose distribution in the pelvis were calculated with computer assistance to visualize how the normal organs had been irradiated. The risk of normal tissue injury was analysed graphically with respect to the maximum radium dose, dose-rate and irradiation time. The two groups of data representing the injured and non-injured organs separate much better in a dose-rate versus dose plot than in a conventional Strandqvist type dose-time plot. This implies that in radium therapy, the dose-rate rather than the treatment time, is the important parameter in modifying the risk of normal tissue injury. Our results show a good separation of injured from non-injured cases only when the maximum values of dose and dose-rate were used. This suggests that clinically significant injury may develop from relatively small regions of high dose and dose-rate. Since the dose-rate varies from point to point in the pelvis (unlike treatment time), comprehensive determinations of dose-rate distributions are required in order to locate the sites of potential injuries.
Collapse
|
1264
|
Lee KH, Fu CC, Jung M. Mechanism of action of retinyl compounds on wound healing IV: effect of desmethylretinoic acid and its vinylogs on granuloma formation. J Pharm Sci 1976; 65:580-5. [PMID: 1271260 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600650425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of side-chain length of desmethylretinoic acid on granuloma formation induced by implantation of cotton pellets was studied. As in the homologous series of retinoic acid studies, compounds with side chains shorter than retinoic acid were not active while compounds with side chains as long or longer than retinoic acid were active. The compound with a chain two carbons longer than retinoic acid was the most active. The hydroxyproline and hexosamine contents of the granuloma were analyzed. The mechanisms of action of these active compounds on wound healing are discussed.
Collapse
|
1265
|
Warshaw AL, Bellini CA, Lee KH. Electrophoretic identification of an isoenzyme of amylase which increases in serum in liver diseases. Gastroenterology 1976; 70:572-6. [PMID: 1254141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Isoenzymes of amylase were studied in serum from 72 persons by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a direct saccharogenic assay for amylase activity. In 37 normal individuals, there were two major peaks of amylase actvity with mobilities similar to pancreatic and salivary amylases. In 11 patiets with acute pancreatitis, the area of activity corresponding with pancreatic amylases increased disproportionately. Electrophoretic patterns of amylase activity in normal and pancreatitis urine were almost identical to the respective serum patterns from the same persons. In contrast, a prominent slower-moving peak of amylase activity occurred in the serum of 8 of 12 patients who had hyperamylasemia associated with various liver diseases. Traces of this third peak were identifiable in one-third of normal serum specimens, but no increases in its activity were observed in any specimen from 11 patients with pancreatitis or from 12 other patients with hyperamylasemia unassociated with liver disease. The slower-moving peak was absent from the urine of patients whose serum contained it. The origin of the slower-moving serum amylase appearing in patients with liver disease is not established by these studies. It is possible either that a hepatic amylase is liberated from damaged liver cells or that the metabolism of an amylase not originating in the liver is altered as a result of liver dysfunction.
Collapse
|
1266
|
Lee KH, Kim CS, Lee KC, Kim SC, Lee HJ. Arterio-jugular oxygen difference in severe intracranial lesions. Yonsei Med J 1976; 17:15-20. [PMID: 1031499 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1976.17.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
1267
|
Lee KH. [Nursing affairs and national policy in public health: the educational aspect]. TAEHAN KANHO. THE KOREAN NURSE 1975; 14:66-7. [PMID: 1059847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
1268
|
Lee KH, Cowherd CM, Wolo MT. Antitumor agents. XV: Deoxyelephantopin, an antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. J Pharm Sci 1975; 64:1572-3. [PMID: 1185584 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600640938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The active principle responsible for the significant inhibitory activity against the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (ascites) in rats, isolated from the chloroform extract of the whole plant of Elephantopus carolinianus Willd., was characterized as deoxyelephantopin, a sesquiterpene lactone.
Collapse
|
1269
|
Lee KH, Ibuka T, Kim SH, Vestal BR, Hall IH, Huang ES. Antitumor agents. 16. Steroidal alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones. J Med Chem 1975; 18:812-7. [PMID: 1159698 DOI: 10.1021/jm00242a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several novel steroidal alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones and related derivatives have been synthesized as potential steroid alkylating antitumor agents. The synthesis of these compounds involved the convenient Reformatsky-type reaction between ethyl-alpha-(bromomethyl)acrylate and the proper steroidal ketones. In vitro assay for the cytotoxicity of these compounds against the growth of tissue culture cells originating from human epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx (H.Ep.-2) has shown significant activity. Cytotoxicity was improved at least sixfold with the introduction of lipophilic steroidal character. Preliminary in vivo tumor assay also indicated that these compounds were active against Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats and were inactive against both L1210 lymphoid leukemia and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. However, the simple alpha-methylene-beta,beta-dicarbethoxy-gamma-butyrolactone significantly inhibited Ehrlich ascites tumor growth.
Collapse
|
1270
|
Chan J, Lee KH. Effect of uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine and sodium salicylate on L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase activity from rat gastric mucosa. J Pharm Sci 1975; 64:1182-5. [PMID: 1151680 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600640711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of inhibitory action of sodium salicylate on L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, prepared from rat gastric mucosa, were studied. Sodium salicylate at lower concentrations (10-20 mM) inhibited reversibly aminotransferase activity by competing with fructose-6-phosphate. At higher concentrations, sodium salicylate inactivated the enzyme irreversibly, with an inactivation rate following first-order kinetics with respect to the enzyme concentration. Uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine is an endogenous feedback inhibitor. It inhibited the aminotransferase-catalyzed reaction also by competing with fructose-6-phosphate but with an inhibiting activity 1000 times that of sodium salicylate. Uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine reduced the salicylate inhibition of the enzymic reaction and protected the enzyme from salicylate-induced irreversible inactivation. At a fixed concentration of uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (7x10(-6)M), an increase of salicylate concentration produced an increase in enzyme activity as compared with the control.
Collapse
|
1271
|
Lee KH, Ibuka T, Huang HC. Letter: Antitumor agents XIV: molephantinin, a new potent antitumor sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus mollis. J Pharm Sci 1975; 64:1077-8. [PMID: 1169316 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600640656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
1272
|
Thompkins L, Lee KH. Comparison of analgesic effects of isosteric variations of salicylic acid and aspirin (acetylasalicylic acid). J Pharm Sci 1975; 64:760-3. [PMID: 1151643 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600640506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A reliable and sensitive method was used to compare the analgesic activities of salicylic acid and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and several phenoxy substituted isosteric pairs. Those isosteric compounds studied did not show analgesic activity. The analgesic activity of aspirin was more than twofold greater than that of salicylic acid.
Collapse
|
1273
|
Lee KH, Kim SH, Furukawa H, Piantadosi C. Antitumor agents. 11. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of epoxides of helenalin related derivatives. J Med Chem 1975; 18:59-63. [PMID: 1109577 DOI: 10.1021/jm00235a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several epoxides of helenalin related derivatives have been synthesized in an effort to evaluate the potential significance of the epoxycyclopentanone moiety for cytotoxic activity against the growth of tissue culture cells originating from human epidermoid carcinoma of larynx (H.Ep-2). Helenalin (1) was converted to the monoepoxy derivative 2 and the diepoxy derivative 3 by alkaline hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures. Alternative synthesis of 2 was achieved by a convenient method of protecting the alpha-methylene grouping of the gamma-lactone, i.e., epoxidation of helenalin dimethylamine adduct 4, followed by treatment of the reaction product 5 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. 2,3-Epoxy-11,13-dihydrohelenalin (8) was prepared by direct epoxidation of 11,13-dihydrohelenalin (7). Treatment of mexicanin A (9) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave, in addition to the 1,2-epoxy derivative 10, 1-alpha-hydroxyhelenalin (11) which furnished an acetate (12) upon acetylation. Catalytic hydrogenation of 10 yielded the dihydroepoxide 13. Treatment of 1 or acetylhelenalin (15) with Ac2O-p-TsOH gave the same acetyl dienol acetate (14). Epoxidation of 14 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave 1,beta hydroxyhelenalin (19) and a mixture of monoepoxides (17 and 18) which yielded 19 and 11 upon silica gel chromatography. The results of the cytotoxicity test of the compounds studied indicate that either an alpha- or a beta-epoxycyclopentanone moiety in helenalin related derivatives contributes significantly to the cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this cytotoxicity appears to be independent of the presence or absence of an alpha-epoxy-gamma-lactonic moiety.
Collapse
|
1274
|
Kim SH, Lee KH, Kim SC, Chung SS, Lee KC, Lee HJ. Percutaneous cervical radiofrequency cordotomy for intractable pain. Yonsei Med J 1975; 16:72-82. [PMID: 1066872 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1975.16.2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
1275
|
Lee KH, Ibuka T, Wu RY. Letter: Beta unsubstituted cyclopentenone, a structural requirement for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1974; 22:2206-8. [PMID: 4452214 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.22.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
1276
|
Abstract
Growth of three different soil isolates of Cladosporium resinae on a large number of carbon compounds was found to be inhibited by n-hexane and n-heptane whereas n-octane and all higher liquid n-alkanes had no effect on growth. In addition, n-hexane and, to a lesser extent, n-heptane caused rapid inhibition of glucose incorporation and considerable loss of potassium and protein from the cells. The phenomenon is unlikely to be due to removal of membrane lipids such as sterols and phospholipids by the n-alkanes, but rather to a limited disorganization of the cell membrane resulting in rapid loss of selective permeability.
Collapse
|
1277
|
Lee KH, Kim SH, Piantadosi C, Huang ES, Geissman TA. Antitumor agents. 8. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of O,O'-bis(acrylyl)-alpha,omega-alkanediols. J Pharm Sci 1974; 63:1162-3. [PMID: 4850611 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600630734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1278
|
Lee KH, Johnston R. Effect of below-knee bracing on knee movement: biomechanical analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1974; 55:179-82. [PMID: 4823070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1279
|
Lee KH, Blackwell R. Observations on the configuration of the fetal electrocardiogram before and during labour. THE JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY OF THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH 1974; 81:61-9. [PMID: 4131861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1974.tb00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
1280
|
Lee KH, Thrall T, Kim KH. Hormonal regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase effect of insulin and epinephrine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 54:1133-40. [PMID: 4753188 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1281
|
Lee KH, Johnston R. Bracing below the knee for hemiplegia: biomechanical analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1973; 54:466-70. [PMID: 4743416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1282
|
Lee KH, Johnston R. Biomechanical comparison of 90-degree plantar-flexion stop and dorsiflexion-assist ankle braces. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1973; 54:302-6. [PMID: 4718237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1283
|
Lee KH, Fu CC, Spencer MR, Tong TG, Poon R. Mechanism of action of retinyl compounds on wound healing. 3. Effect of retinoic acid homologs on granuloma formation. J Pharm Sci 1973; 62:895-9. [PMID: 4712619 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600620605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1284
|
|
1285
|
Lee KH. Antitumor agents. V. Effect of epoxidation on cytotoxicity of helenalin-related derivatives. J Pharm Sci 1973; 62:1028-9. [PMID: 4712614 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600620645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1286
|
Furukawa H, Lee KH, Shingu T, Meck R, Piantadosi C. Carolenin and carolenalin, two new guaianolides in Helenium autumnale L. from North Carolina. J Org Chem 1973; 38:1722-5. [PMID: 4709673 DOI: 10.1021/jo00949a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1287
|
Kagan AR, Lee KH, Wollin M, Norman A. An examination of some dose-time relationships in therapeutic radiology. Br J Radiol 1973; 46:354-9. [PMID: 4715159 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-46-545-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
1288
|
Abstract
Four different isolates of Cladosporium resinae from Australian soils were tested for their ability to utilize liquid n-alkanes ranging from n-hexane to n-octadecane under standard conditions. The isolates were unable to make use of n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane for growth. In fact, these hydrocarbons, particularly n-hexane, exerted an inhibitory effect on spore germination and mycelial growth. All higher n-alkanes from n-nonane to n-octadecane were assimilated by the fungus, although only limited growth occurred on n-nonane and n-decane. The long chain n-alkanes (C(14) to C(18)) supported good growth of all isolates, but there was no obvious correlation between cell yields and chain lengths of these n-alkanes. Variation in growth responses to individual n-alkane among the different isolates was also observed. The cause of this variation is unknown.
Collapse
|
1289
|
Lee KH, Meck R, Piantadosi C, Huang ES. Antitumor agents. 4. Cytotoxicity and in vitro activity of helenalin esters and related derivatives. J Med Chem 1973; 16:299-301. [PMID: 4733115 DOI: 10.1021/jm00261a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
1290
|
Tong HK, Lee KH, Wong HA. Interference by azide in the estimation of carbohydrates with anthrone. Anal Biochem 1973; 51:390-8. [PMID: 4700190 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
1291
|
Huang ES, Lee KH, Piantadosi C, Geissman TA, Pagano JS. Rapid microtiter method for cytotoxicity screening. J Pharm Sci 1972; 61:1960-2. [PMID: 4638104 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600611215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
1292
|
Abstract
The foetal pH values of eighty-eight cases delivered within 30 min after foetal blood sampling were correlated with the 1-min Apgar score. With a pH of 7·20 or above the error of prediction was 1·3%. The error in cases with pH below 7·20 was 54·5%. Significantly higher pH and lower δ base deficit were present in the low foetal pH group in vigorous, as opposed to depressed infants, suggesting that infusion acidosis was present in infants with a high Apgar score. The degree of correlation between the foetal pH and the Apgar score was not significantly influenced by shortening the sampling-delivery interval to 15 min or lengthening it to 3 hr. The most significant factor affecting the degree of correlation in the present study was the setting of the critical pH. If the criterion of the critical pH was taken as 7·13 there would have been no false positive results and the error of prediction in cases delivered within 30 min of foetal blood sampling would be reduced to 1·1%.
Collapse
|
1293
|
Lee KH, Furukawa H. Antitumor agents. 3. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of helenalin amine adducts and related derivatives. J Med Chem 1972; 15:609-11. [PMID: 5030926 DOI: 10.1021/jm00276a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
1294
|
Shon DS, Yoon BE, Lee KH. [Dimensional changes of upper dental arch during anterior tooth eruption]. TAEHAN CH'IKKWA UISA HYOPHOE CHI 1972; 10:273-6. [PMID: 4505055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
1295
|
Lee KH, Huang HC, Huang ES, Furukawa H. Antitumor agents. II. Eupatolide, a new cytotoxic principle from Eupatorium formosanum HAY. J Pharm Sci 1972; 61:629-31. [PMID: 4335375 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600610432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
1296
|
Lee KH, Anuforo DC, Huang ES, Piantadosi C. Antitumor agents. I. Augustibalin, a new cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh.) Robins. J Pharm Sci 1972; 61:626-8. [PMID: 4335374 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600610431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
1297
|
Abstract
The acid-base balance in 307 Chinese patients in labour was studied in Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong over a 15-month period. Fifty-six of these were normal cases, 200 cases exhibited clinical signs of foetal distress and the other fifty-one were high risk cases. The results showed that cases of clinical foetal distress had a significantly lower foetal pH than that in the normal control group. Of the different signs of clinical foetal distress, meconium was the least important and foetal tachycardia appeared to be more significant than the others. Cases of postmaturity and uterine inertia also gave a lower foetal pH than normal. It is concluded that foetal blood sampling is indicated in these types of cases.
Collapse
|
1298
|
|
1299
|
|
1300
|
Lee KH, Huang ES, Piantadosi C, Pagano JS, Geissman TA. Cytotoxicity of sesquiterpene lactones. Cancer Res 1971; 31:1649-54. [PMID: 4330633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|