101
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Sudo A, Sano T, Horikawa K, Yamakawa T, Shi D, Uchida A. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis after hip and knee arthroplasties in Japanese patients: a prospective study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2003; 11:174-7. [PMID: 14676343 DOI: 10.1177/230949900301100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To document the incidence of proximal deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in 58 consecutive Japanese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty. METHODS Patients were routinely examined for proximal deep vein thrombosis by B-mode ultrasonography before and after surgery. Those patients who had ultrasonographic findings of deep vein thrombosis were also investigated for pulmonary embolism by ventilation-perfusion lung scan. RESULTS The incidence of deep vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty were 9.1% and 4.0% respectively, and the incidence of pulmonary embolism were 3.0% and 0%, respectively. There were no cases of fatal pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION The incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in Japanese patients may have increased over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Faculty of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan.
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102
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Uchida A, Kawano M, Yoshimori S. Dual synchronization of chaos in Colpitts electronic oscillators and its applications for communications. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 68:056207. [PMID: 14682871 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.056207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2002] [Revised: 05/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the dual synchronization of chaos in two pairs of one-way coupled Colpitts electronic oscillators by both experiment and numerical simulation. We use the cross coupling method, where the difference in voltage between the sum of two master oscillators and one slave oscillator is injected into the other slave oscillator as an electrical current, for dual synchronization of chaos. We have investigated the regions for achieving dual synchronization of chaos when one of the internal parameters is mismatched between the master and slave oscillators. We numerically obtain a similar curve for the accuracy of synchronization to that obtained from our experiments. A communication scheme using dual synchronization of chaos is also proposed and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Electronics and Computer Systems, Takushoku University, 815-1 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0985, Japan
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103
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Uchida A, Yoshida T, Ogawa M, Nagasawa T. Regioselective hydroxylation of quinolinic acid, lutidinic acid and isocinchomeronic acid by resting cells of pyridine dicarboxylic acid-degrading microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 62:337-41. [PMID: 12955355 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2002] [Revised: 12/26/2002] [Accepted: 01/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms aerobically degrading quinolinic acid, lutidinic acid or isocinchomeronic acid were isolated and the microbial regioselective hydroxylation of these pyridine dicarboxylic acids was studied. Alcaligenes sp. UK21 cells converted quinolinic acid into 6-hydroxypicolinic acid, suggesting the involvement of two enzyme reactions catalyzing hydroxylation at position C6 and decarboxylation at position C3 of quinolinic acid. Resting cells of Alcaligenes sp. UK21 accumulated 94.9 mM 6-hydroxypicolinic acid (13.2 g l(-1)), with a 96% molar conversion yield by 48 h incubation. Rhizobium sp. LA17 and Hydrogenophaga sp. IMA01 catalyzed the regioselective hydroxylation of lutidinic acid and isocinchomeronic acid into 6-hydroxylutidinic acid and 6-hydroxyisocinchomeronic acid, respectively. 6-Hydroxylutidinic acid accumulated up to 95.4 mM (17.5 g l(-1)) by 24 h incubation in the resting cells reaction, using Rhizobium sp. LA17, with a 99% molar conversion yield. Resting cells of Hydrogenophaga sp. IMA01 produced 88.7 mM 6-hydroxyisocinchomeronic acid (16.2 g l(-1)) by 24 h incubation, with a 81% molar conversion yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
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104
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Uchida A, Higa K, Shiba T, Yoshimori S, Kuwashima F, Iwasawa H. Generalized synchronization of chaos in He-Ne lasers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 68:016215. [PMID: 12935233 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.016215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2002] [Revised: 04/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate synchronization of chaos in one-way coupled He-Ne lasers with optical feedback. We observe different types of synchronization such as identical synchronization, inverse synchronization, and random amplification. These dynamics are maintained only for a short duration of several hundred milliseconds. We also observe generalized synchronization of chaos by using one master and two slave lasers. The generalized synchronization is achieved for a long duration of tens of seconds under injection locking. The generalized synchronization is always maintained while the injection locking is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Electronics and Computer Systems, Takushoku University, 815-1 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0985, Japan
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105
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Sudo A, Miyamoto N, Kasai Y, Yamakawa T, Uchida A. Comparison of bone mineral density among residents of a mountain village and a fishing village in Japan. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2003; 11:6-9. [PMID: 12810964 DOI: 10.1177/230949900301100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the bone mineral density of residents of a mountain village with that of residents of a fishing village in Mie Prefecture, Japan. METHODS Microdensitometry was used to measure bone mineral density of the second metacarpal bone of 202 participants living in a mountain village and of 852 participants living in a fishing village to identify contributory factors for osteoporosis. The participants were interviewed using a questionnaire on alcohol consumption, fish intake, milk intake, and daily activity. RESULTS Analysis of covariance revealed that bone mineral density was significantly higher among the participants living in a fishing village than among those living in a mountain village (2.5-2.9 versus 2.1-2.7 mmAl; p<0.001). A higher proportion of women in the fishing village than of those in the mountain village consumed alcohol (17% versus 10%; p<0.05). CONCLUSION Nutrition may be a contributory factor to the lower incidence of osteoporosis among residents of the fishing village compared with those of the mountain village.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
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106
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Yoshida M, Nakajima I, Uchida A, Yamaguchi T, Akasaka M. Effect of nitrous oxide on dental patients with cerebral palsy -- using an electromyogram (EMG) from orofacial muscles as an index. J Oral Rehabil 2003; 30:324-33. [PMID: 12588508 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.00979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of nitrous oxide (N2O) inhalation on the elevated orofacial muscle tonus during dental treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) was studied by measuring the mean frequency of electromyographic (EMG) discharge, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) taking mentally retarded patients (MR) as a control. At a pre-treatment stage, the mean frequency of the EMG was higher in the CP patients than in the MR patients. By forcing the jaw open, the mean frequency of the EMG, BP and HR was elevated significantly in both types of patients. The enhanced level of the mean frequency of the EMG was higher in the CP patients than in the MR patients. After inhalation of N2O, the mean frequency was reduced significantly in both types of patients, however, the reduction rate was higher in the CP patients than the MR patients; BP and HR were not affected. These results demonstrate the selective efficacy of N2O in reducing the orofacial muscle tonus in CP patients during dental treatment probably because of the N2O inhibiting the function of the central nervous system. The present study therefore suggests the beneficial properties of N2O induced sedation performed during dental treatment on CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
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107
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Uchida A, Kinugawa S, Matsuura T, Yoshimori S. Dual synchronization of chaos in one-way coupled microchip lasers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:026220. [PMID: 12636789 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.026220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the dual synchronization of chaos in two pairs of Nd:YVO(4) microchip lasers in a one-way coupling configuration over one transmission channel. Dual synchronization is achieved when the optical frequency is matched between the corresponding pairs of lasers by using injection locking. We investigate the influence of optical injection from the two master lasers to one slave laser, and found that the dual synchronization is observed when the injection locking is achieved between either of the master lasers and the slave laser. Under the condition of the injection locking between both of the master lasers and the slave laser, the injection locking is alternately achieved and the accuracy of dual synchronization is degraded. We also confirm these results by numerical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Electronics and Computer Systems, Takushoku University, 815-1 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0985, Japan
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108
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Uchida A, Kinugawa S, Matsuura T, Yoshimori S. Dual synchronization of chaos in microchip lasers. Opt Lett 2003; 28:19-21. [PMID: 12656522 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have achieved dual synchronization of chaos in two pairs of one-way coupled Nd:YVO4 microchip lasers, using only one transmission channel, by experiment and numerical calculation. We observed the individual synchronization of chaos in each pair of two lasers by adjusting the optical frequencies for injection locking between the corresponding pairs. The achievement of dual synchronization is dependent on the injection-locking condition, which is different from the locking condition for a single pair of lasers because of the presence of an additional injection signal from the master laser of the other pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Electronics and Computer Systems, Takushoku University, 815-1 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0985, Japan.
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109
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Hata J, Shimada M, Yamada Y, Uchida A, Itoh M, Nakayama Y, Yatagai T. Treatment of nevus using medical tattooing. J Biomed Opt 2003; 8:93-101. [PMID: 12542385 DOI: 10.1117/1.1528596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2001] [Revised: 05/02/2002] [Accepted: 09/03/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Medical tattooing is used to color skin with a pigment loss. Currently, however, a trial-and-error scheme is employed to obtain the desired color appearance of tattooed skin because prediction of the color appearance is dependent on the experiences of medical doctors. We propose a method for predicting the color appearance of tattooed skin. Two trial dyes are first injected in the area of pigment loss, and the color appearance of a third dye to be injected can be predicted using measured spectrocolorimeter data and mathematical formula. The spectrocolorimeter measures the color appearances of the skin before and after tattooing using the first two dyes, and the mathematical formula calculates the color appearance of the tattooed skin using any third dye. In the derivation of the mathematical formula, light propagation in the skin has been modeled using the modified Lambert-Beer law considering the strong scattering of light by biological tissues. The proposed method was successfully validated by a preliminary tattooing of the skin to an area with pigment loss. Predicting the color appearance of tattooed skin significantly reduces the number of trial-and-error attempts required in the current methods. Medical tattooing using this method can also be applied to treat various skin color abnormalities such as leukoderma, intradermal nevi, and reconstructed nipples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutaro Hata
- University of Tsukuba, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ten-noh-dai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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110
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Affiliation(s)
- A Horiguchi
- Department of Clinical Research and Urology, National Sitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
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111
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Uchida A, Miyata A, Ikeda Y, Nogami N, Fujii S, Kikuchi T, Kibata M. [Myeloid/natural killer cell precursor acute leukemia initiated with pleural effusion]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2002; 91:2463-5. [PMID: 12373857 DOI: 10.2169/naika.91.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/cytology
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/etiology
- Remission Induction
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Uchida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chugoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuyama
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112
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Shinashi K, Kiyono S, Ito O, Uchida D, Igari R, Kuroki J, Satoh H, Oonishi I, Uchida A. Crystal structure of water-soluble chlorophyll protein from Raphanus sativus. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302089808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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113
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Uchida A, Horigome D, Sasaki T, Meguro E, Kaneko S, Ito N, Satoh H, Oonishi I. Crystal structure of water-soluble chlorophyll protein from Lepidium virginicum. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302089821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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114
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Uchida A, Matsuura T, Kinugawa S, Yoshimori S. Synchronization of chaos in microchip lasers by using incoherent feedback. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:066212. [PMID: 12188820 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.066212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We propose a chaos-synchronization scheme using incoherent feedback to the pumping power in two microchip lasers. The population inversion of the slave laser is controlled for synchronization by using the detected signals of the peak heights of chaotic pulse intensities in the two lasers. Matching of the optical frequencies between the two lasers (i.e., injection locking) is not required for synchronization using this method. We numerically demonstrate the incoherent feedback method and investigate synchronization regions against parameter mismatching between the two lasers. Synchronization is maintained within a mismatching of 1% for all laser parameters, which implies that the difficulty in reproducing the synchronized laser pulses is very useful for applications of secure optical communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Electronics and Computer Systems, Takushoku University, 815-1 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0985, Japan.
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115
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Abstract
The colour of tattooed skin has been predicted by a Monte Carlo method based on the optical coefficient spectra of the skin and tattoo dyes. Slices of pig skin, a tattoo phantom and skin phantoms with different thickness were prepared, and their reflectance and transmittance spectra were measured using an integrating sphere at wavelengths varying from 400nm to 700nm. The absorption and scattering coefficient spectra of skin phantoms, pig skins and the tattoo phantom were each calculated using the inverse Monte Carlo method. The skin phantoms and pig skins were overlaid on the tattoo phantom, and the reflectance spectra of the two-layered structures were measured. The reflectance spectra of the two-layered structures were calculated from the optical coefficient spectra using the Monte Carlo method. They agreed well with the measured spectra. The colour differences between the calculated and measured spectra were also evaluated by the L*a*b* colour space distances and showed good agreement, with 3.49 for the skin phantoms and 8.27 for the pig skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shimada
- Department of Integrated Neuroscience, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Japan.
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116
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Nishiyama M, Nii E, Akeda K, Uchida A. Limb-lengthening and angular correction for dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. J Orthop Sci 2002; 6:358-61. [PMID: 11479766 DOI: 10.1007/s007760100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2000] [Accepted: 02/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with severe varus deformity and tibial shortening caused by dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH), a rare skeletal developmental disorder characterized by an osteocartilaginous tumor arising from an epiphysis in young children. Limb lengthening and angular correction was performed successfully, with an excellent result without abnormal bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie Prefectural Kusanomi Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children, 1-29-25 Shiroyama, Tsu, Mie 514-0818, Japan
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117
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Nakatsuka M, Mizuno S, Uchida A. Extravasation on three-dimensional CT angiography in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage and ruptured aneurysm. Neuroradiology 2002; 44:25-30. [PMID: 11942496 DOI: 10.1007/s002340100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a noninvasive technique for detecting lesions after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. We encountered extravasation on CTA, a finding that has not been reported previously. Three patients with saccular aneurysms showed extravasation on CTA performed within 3 h of the onset of hemorrhage, and all three patients died within 2 weeks. At autopsy, the site of rupture of the aneurysm was confirmed in all three cases. There were two patterns of extravasation shown by CTA, which seemed to depend on the direction of rupture. Extravasation on CTA might represent the natural progression of ruptured aneurysm and may indicate a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chita Kousei Hospital, Aichi-ken, Japan.
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118
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Abstract
Using a fluorescent differential display (FDD) technique, a novel cDNA was identified by screening for gene expressed differentially between the Dunn osteosarcoma cell line and the LM8 cell line, an isolated variant of the Dunn cell line that has high metastatic potential to the lung. Molecular cloning of the cDNA revealed the clone has similarity to a bacterial fermentation enzyme, the citrate lyase beta-subunit (CL-beta). Northern blot and competitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis revealed up-regulation of the gene in the LM8 cell line. An RNA Master blot indicated that the mRNA encoding CL-beta is expressed abundantly in murine heart, liver, and kidney. A human expressed sequence tag (EST) database search suggested that a similar cDNA is expressed in humans. A gene with identical sequence is located on chromosome 13 in the genome database (Sanger centre, UK). These data suggest that a citrate fermentation pathway may exist in eukaryotes including mammals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Bone Neoplasms/enzymology
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Databases, Nucleic Acid
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, Bacterial
- Humans
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry
- Multienzyme Complexes/genetics
- Osteosarcoma/enzymology
- Osteosarcoma/genetics
- Oxo-Acid-Lyases/chemistry
- Oxo-Acid-Lyases/genetics
- Protein Subunits
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Species Specificity
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morikawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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119
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120
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Sanda A, Uchida A, Itagaki T, Kobayashi H, Inokuchi N, Koyama T, Iwama M, Ohgi K, Irie M. Amino acid sequence of a trypsin inhibitor from a Spirometra (Spirometra erinaceieuropaei). Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:1356-61. [PMID: 11767101 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A trypsin inhibitor that is highly homologous with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) was co-purified along with RNase from Spirometra (Spirometra erinaceieuropaei). The amino acid sequence of this inhibitor (SETI) and the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding this protein were determined by protein chemistry and gene technology. SETI contains 68 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 7,798 Da. SETI has 31 amino acid residues that are identical with BPTI's sequence, including 6 half-cystine and 5 aromatic amino acid residues. The active site Lys residue in BPTI is replaced by an Arg residue in SETI. SETI is an effective inhibitor of trypsin and moderately inhibits a-chymotrypsin, but less inhibits elastase or subtilisin. SETI was expressed by E. coli containing a PelB vector carrying the SETI encoding cDNA; an expression yield of 0.68 mg/l was obtained. The phylogenetic relationship of SETI and the other BPTI-like trypsin inhibitors was analyzed using most likelihood inference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanda
- College of Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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121
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Hirata H, Hibasami H, Yoshida T, Ogawa M, Matsumoto M, Morita A, Uchida A. Nerve growth factor signaling of p75 induces differentiation and ceramide-mediated apoptosis in Schwann cells cultured from degenerating nerves. Glia 2001; 36:245-58. [PMID: 11746763 DOI: 10.1002/glia.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral nerve regeneration or remyelination, immature Schwann cells expressing p75(NTR) play cardinal roles in the support and regeneration of axons (Griffin JW, Hoffman PN. Peripheral Neuropathy 361-376, 1993). Only one of four to six Schwann cells participate in remyelination of damaged or regenerating axons. The rest of the cells, or supernumerary Schwann cells, show severe atrophy and gradually decrease in number, reestablishing a 1:1 axon-Schwann cell relationship (Said G, Duckett S. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 53:173-179, 1981). Recent reports demonstrated that severely atrophied supernumerary Schwann cells are eliminated by apoptosis during axonal regeneration or remyelination (Hirata H, Hibasami H. Apoptosis 3:353-360, 1998; Berciano MT, Calle E. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 95:269-279, 1998). The mechanism to induce selective death of supernumerary Schwann cells without causing any damage to axon-associated Schwann cells or axons remains to be determined. In this article, we report that p75(NTR), the low-affinity receptor for all members of neurotrophins, signals both cell differentiation and apoptosis through intracellular ceramide elevation. The final response is dependent on the intracellular ceramide level and Schwann cells modulate their response by changing expression level of p75(NTR). This effect was selective for nerve growth factor (NGF). Taken together, the present study suggests that NGF contributes both to phenotypic regulation and to elimination of the dedifferentiated Schwann cells, while supporting survival or regeneration of certain types of axons during peripheral nerve repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University, Tsu-city, Mie, Japan.
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122
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Hayashi Y, Koga M, Takahashi M, Uchida A, Yuki N. [Anti-GQ1b IgG-negative case of overlapping Fisher's and Gullain-Barré syndromes after Campylobacter jejuni (PEN 19) enteritis]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2001; 41:801-4. [PMID: 12080613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We described a 70-year-old woman with overlapping Fisher's syndrome (FS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), from whom Campylobacter jejuni had been isolated. In typical FS as well as GBS with ophthalmoplegia and acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia, serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody often is detected and ophthalmoplegia is characterized by the predominant abducens palsy. This patient, however, showed marked oculomotor nerve disturbance. Serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody was negative and IgG antibodies against GM1, GM1b, and GD1a were strongly positive. Although FS and overlap of FS/GBS have been reported to be associated with PEN2 of C. jejuni, the isolate from our case belonged to PEN 19. C. jejuni serotype may be associated with clinical manifestations and anti-ganglioside antibody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, National Okayama Medical Center
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Namba K, Nishio M, Mori K, Miyamoto N, Tsurudome M, Ito M, Kawano M, Uchida A, Ito Y. Involvement of ADAM9 in multinucleated giant cell formation of blood monocytes. Cell Immunol 2001; 213:104-13. [PMID: 11831872 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes-macrophages are converted to multinucleated giant cells by stimulation with various cytokines, and osteoclasts are the multinucleated giant cells derived from a monocyte-macrophage lineage. However, at present, the fusion peptides have not been clearly identified in monocytes-macrophages. The ADAM are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that have a role in various biological functions. Interestingly, fertilin-alpha, ADAM9, and ADAM11 have potential fusion peptides. In this study, which ADAM was specifically expressed in monocytes stimulated with anti-CD98 antibody or RANKL and which factor(s) was functioning in monocytes as a fusion protein were investigated. ADAM1, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, and 21 mRNAs are expressed in blood monocytes incubated with control antibody, anti-FRP-1/CD98 antibody, or RANKL + M-CSF, while ADAM2, 7, 11, 13, 19, 23, 29, and 30 mRNAs could not be detected in these blood monocytes. Expression of ADAM9 and ADAM10 mRNAs are enhanced by either RANKL + M-CSF or anti-CD98 antibody. The expression of ADAM9 and ADAM10 is also induced in blood monocytes by anti-CD98 mAb. An anti-ADAM9 antibody enhances CD98-mediated cell aggregation, while it blocks CD98-mediated and RANKL-mediated multinucleated giant cell formation. A hydroxamate-based metalloprotease inhibitor, SI-27, which is found to suppress ADAM9 activity, suppresses multinucleated giant cell formation. New protein synthesis is necessary for the expression of ADAM9 mRNA and genistein suppresses induction of ADAM9 mRNA. This is the first report that ADAM9 is involved in monocyte fusion, such as CD98-mediated and RANKL-mediated cell fusion of blood monocytes. Furthermore, AMAM9 is one candidate for a fusion peptide in blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Namba
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu-Shi, Mie Prefecture, 514-8507, Japan
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124
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Abstract
A new method based on the score of preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI) was devised to evaluate cervical spondylotic myelopathy and predict the results of cervical laminoplasty. On T1- and T2-weighted sagittal MRI, the intervertebral disc spaces at each level from the axis to the first thoracic spine were examined as to whether the anterior or posterior subarachnoid space would be maintained or not, and for the presence or absence of spinal cord deformity. The data were divided into six grades and rated, and the total score for all sites was regarded as the preoperative MRI cumulative score. In conclusion, our method was highly reliable and useful for a preoperative evaluation and prediction of results after cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kasai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Faculty of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
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125
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Satoh H, Uchida A, Nakayama K, Okada M. Water-soluble chlorophyll protein in Brassicaceae plants is a stress-induced chlorophyll-binding protein. Plant Cell Physiol 2001; 42:906-11. [PMID: 11577184 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pce117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of water-soluble chlorophyll (Chl) proteins (WSCPs) have been found, e.g., a WSCP from Chenopodium, Atriplex, Polygonum, and Amaranthus species (class I) and that from Brassica, Raphanus, and Lepidium species (class II). Classes I and II WSCPs differ mainly in their photoconvertiblity. Class I WSCPs show a light-induced absorption change, whereas Class II WSCPs do not. The molecular and functional properties of Class I WSCP are largely uncertain. On the other hand, recent studies on the adaptation of plants to osmotic stress revealed the participation of drought-stress induced proteins with molecular masses of 20-22 kDa possessing a sequence similarity with class II WSCPs. This mini review focuses on the molecular signature of class II WSCPs. The physiological function of class II WSCPs has not been clarified either, but, their water-solubility, low Chl content, and stress-inducibility suggested little contribution to photosynthesis. Several molecular properties predicting its physiological role are as follows. The WSCP tetramer, may have only one or no Chl molecules in each subunit. All WSCPs possess a motif for Künitz-type proteinase inhibitor family in their sequence. WSCP is induced by drought- and heat-stresses suggesting its protective role during stress conditions. Monomeric recombinant apo-WSCP is able to remove Chls from the thylakoid membrane in aqueous solution and form into a tetramer. Brassica-WSCP contains a signal sequence targeted to endoplasmic reticulum. The highly conserved, C-terminal region is missing in the mature WSCP. Possible functions of class II WSCPs in plant tissues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Satoh
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510 Japan.
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126
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Uchida A, O'Keefe DS, Bacich DJ, Molloy PL, Heston WD. In vivo suicide gene therapy model using a newly discovered prostate-specific membrane antigen promoter/enhancer: a potential alternative approach to androgen deprivation therapy. Urology 2001; 58:132-9. [PMID: 11502468 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type-2 membrane protein expressed in the prostate, and it is highly expressed in metastatic or poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Moreover, PSMA expression is upregulated by androgen deprivation. These advantages make PSMA a useful target for prostate cancer therapy, especially in combination with conventional hormonal treatment. We recently reported that a prostate-specific enhancer is present in the third intron of the PSMA gene. In this study, we have further analyzed the activity of PSMA promoter/enhancer in prostate cancer cells and cells of other tissue origins (breast cancer MCF-7, lung cancer H157, and colorectal cancer HCT8 cells), and we have examined whether this construct could be used for efficient expression of the suicide gene, cytosine deaminase (CD), in vivo. The PSMA promoter/enhancer expressed the luciferase reporter gene in the prostate cancer lines LNCaP and C4-2, with 8- to 20-fold higher expression than the simian virus 40 promoter/enhancer, although it was inactive in the other cell lines. This construct efficiently drove the suicide gene CD, sensitizing C4-2 cells to 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) with the inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) <300 micromol/L in vitro. Athymic male nude mice bearing the transfected C4-2 cells were treated with intraperitoneal injections of either 5-FC (600 mg/kg) twice a day or saline solution for 3 weeks. C4-2 cell tumors were eliminated by 5-FC when they were expressing our therapeutic construct carrying CD under the regulatory control of the PSMA promoter/enhancer. Our results show the in vivo utility of the PSMA promoter/enhancer in a gene therapy situation targeting prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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127
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Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of synovial hyperplasia by human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection, the enzymatic activity of telomerase and expression of telomerase-related factors in HTLV-I infected synoviocytes were examined. Cultured synoviocytes obtained from four patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and four with traumatic joint disease (TJD) were infected by HTLV-I. Telomerase activity was detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Expression of telomerase-related mRNAs such as telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), telomerase RNA component (hTERC), and telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) were also examined. Telomerase activity was detected in all HTLV-I-infected synoviocytes but not in uninfected synoviocytes. A remarkable induction of hTERT mRNA was observed in four of eight HTLV-I-infected synoviocytes, whereas expressions of hTERC, TRF2, and TEP-1 mRNAs were not changed. Our results clearly demonstrate that HTLV-I upregulates telomerase activity in synoviocytes probably via upregulation of hTERT activity. These findings suggest that telomerase activation in synoviocytes has an important role in upregulated proliferative activity of HAAP synoviocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsumuki
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Genetics Program, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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128
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Sugano S, Kobayashi T, Tanikawa T, Kawakami Y, Kojima H, Nakamura K, Uchida A, Morishima N, Tamai Y. Suppression of CYP3A2 mRNA expression in the warfarin-resistant roof rat, Rattus rattus: possible involvement of cytochrome P450 in the warfarin resistance mechanism. Xenobiotica 2001; 31:399-407. [PMID: 11531004 DOI: 10.1080/00498250110060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1. The continual use of warfarin as a rodenticide has caused the development of populations of warfarin-resistant roof rat. To study the biochemical mechanism of warfarin resistance, the mRNA expression levels of the major P450 forms in the warfarin-resistant and -susceptible roof rat liver following exposure to warfarin were quantified by competitive RT-PCR. 2. The constitutive levels of CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 mRNAs in the warfarin-resistant and -susceptible roof rat were extremely low compared with those in the STD rat. In response to warfarin administration, the CYP3A2 mRNA level in the warfarin-susceptible rat increased to about 3-fold of that before the treatment, whereas in the warfarin-resistant roof rat, CYP3A2 mRNA remained at a low level. 3. The present results suggest the possibility that reduced synthesis of CYP3A2 mRNA is involved in the warfarin-resistant mechanism in the roof rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sugano
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Nursing, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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129
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Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a chaotic on-off keying method for secure communications by using chaos synchronization in two microchip lasers. The output of the microchip laser in the transmitter is externally modulated with an acousto-optic modulator at ~4 MHz . One encodes a digital message in the chaotic carrier by turning the modulation on and off at 100 kHz. Because the accuracy of synchronization for the slave laser in the receiver tends to be degraded in the presence of external modulation in the injection laser signal, one can distinguish two binary states. The digital message can be recovered as an envelope of the chaotic oscillation when the difference between the two laser outputs of the transmitter and the receiver is calculated.
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130
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Araki M, Masutani C, Takemura M, Uchida A, Sugasawa K, Kondoh J, Ohkuma Y, Hanaoka F. Centrosome protein centrin 2/caltractin 1 is part of the xeroderma pigmentosum group C complex that initiates global genome nucleotide excision repair. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:18665-72. [PMID: 11279143 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100855200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is carried out by xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) factors. Before the excision reaction, DNA damage is recognized by a complex originally thought to contain the XP group C responsible gene product (XPC) and the human homologue of Rad23 B (HR23B). Here, we show that centrin 2/caltractin 1 (CEN2) is also a component of the XPC repair complex. We demonstrate that nearly all XPC complexes contain CEN2, that CEN2 interacts directly with XPC, and that CEN2, in cooperation with HR23B, stabilizes XPC, which stimulates XPC NER activity in vitro. CEN2 has been shown to play an important role in centrosome duplication. Thus, those findings suggest that the XPC-CEN2 interaction may reflect coupling of cell division and NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Araki
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology and The Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University and CREST, Japan
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131
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Uchida A, Komiya Y, Tashiro T, Yorifuji H, Kishimoto T, Nabeshima Y, Hisanaga S. Neurofilaments of Klotho, the mutant mouse prematurely displaying symptoms resembling human aging. J Neurosci Res 2001; 64:364-70. [PMID: 11340643 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that neurofilaments (NFs) of aged rats were highly packed in the axon and contained a smaller amount of NF-M as compared with those of young rats (Uchida et al. [1999] J. Neurosci. Res. 58:337-348). We studied NFs of the mutant mouse, named Klotho, which displays prematurely symptoms resembling human aging. The transport of axonal cytoskeletal proteins, including NFs, tubulin and actin, was decreased at the leading portion of the peak of transported proteins in Klotho during the process of premature aging. The nearest neighbor inter-NF distance in Klotho axons (35-39 nm) was shorter than that of the wild-type mouse (48-49 nm), indicating the packing of NFs in Klotho. The ratio of NF-M to NF-L was slightly decreased in cytoskeletons from the spinal cords of Klotho. These changes are similar, though not identical, to those observed in aged rats, and are the first evidence of age-related changes in the neurons of Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachiohji, Japan
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132
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Kusumoto R, Masutani C, Sugasawa K, Iwai S, Araki M, Uchida A, Mizukoshi T, Hanaoka F. Diversity of the damage recognition step in the global genomic nucleotide excision repair in vitro. Mutat Res 2001; 485:219-27. [PMID: 11267833 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-8777(00)00082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The XPC-HR23B complex, a mammalian factor specifically involved in global genomic nucleotide excision repair (NER) has been shown to bind various forms of damaged DNA and initiate DNA repair in cell-free reactions. To characterize the binding specificity of this factor in more detail, a method based on immunoprecipitation was developed to assess the relative affinity of XPC-HR23B for defined lesions on DNA. Here we show that XPC-HR23B preferentially binds to UV-induced (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs) as well as to cholesterol, but not to the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G), O6-methylguanine (O6-Me-G), or a single mismatch. Human whole cell extracts could efficiently excise 6-4PPs and cholesterol in an XPC-HR23B-dependent manner, but not 8-oxo-G, O6-Me-G or mismatches. Thus, there was good correlation between the binding specificity of XPC-HR23B for certain types of lesion and the ability of human cell extracts to excise these lesions, supporting the model that XPC-HR23B initiates global genomic NER. Although, XPC-HR23B does not preferentially bind to CPDs, the excision of CPDs in human whole cell extracts was found to be absolutely dependent on XPC-HR23B, in agreement with the in vivo observation that CPDs are not removed from the global genome in XP-C mutant cells. These results suggest that, in addition to the excision repair pathway initiated by XPC-HR23B, there exists another sub-pathway for the global genomic NER that still requires XPC-HR23B but is not initiated by XPC-HR23B. Possible mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kusumoto
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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133
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Uchida A, Fukushima M, Rothenberg ML, Coltman CA. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas: summary of the Third United States/Japan Clinical Trials Summit (Seattle, Washington). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001; 123:674-7. [PMID: 9620228 DOI: 10.1007/s004320050123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Japan
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134
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Sako Y, Nunoura T, Uchida A. Pyrobaculum oguniense sp. nov., a novel facultatively aerobic and hyperthermophilic archaeon growing at up to 97 degrees C. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:303-309. [PMID: 11321074 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-2-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hyperthermophilic, heterotrophic, rod-shaped archaeon was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring at Oguni-cho, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The new isolate, strain TE7T, grew under aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Isolate TE7T grew optimally at 90-94 degrees C and pH 7.0-7.5 (adjusted at 25 degrees C) under atmospheric air with vigorous shaking. Strain TE7T cells were motile rods 2-10 microm in length and covered with a surface-layer lattice. Cell yields at 90 degrees C under aerobic conditions were twice that under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, growth was inhibited by elemental sulfur, but thiosulfate stimulated growth. Under anaerobic conditions, no growth was observed in the presence of nitrate and nitrite, but elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, L-cystine and oxidized glutathione stimulated growth. The 16S rDNA sequence of TE7T exhibited a close relationship to the sequences of Pyrobaculum aerophilum and Thermoproteus neutrophilus, which belong to the cluster of the genus Pyrobaculum. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis showed a low level of DNA similarity between TE7T and previously described Pyrobaculum species. As TE7T is phenotypically and phylogenetically different from the other members of this genus, it is described as a new species named Pyrobaculum oguniense (type strain TE7T = JCM 10595T = DSM 13380T).
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135
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Gong MC, Chang SS, Watt F, O'Keefe DS, Bacich DJ, Uchida A, Bander NH, Reuter VE, Gaudin PB, Molloy PL, Sadelian M, Heston WD. Overview of evolving strategies incorporating prostate-specific membrane antigen as target for therapy. Mol Urol 2001; 4:217-22;discussion 223. [PMID: 11062377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a potential target in prostate cancer patients because it is very highly expressed and because it has been reported to be upregulated by androgen deprivation. This overview addresses the expression of the PSMA gene in terms of the promoter and enhancer and how that may play a role in gene therapy. We also review PSMA as a target for antibodies for imaging and treatment and the development of a novel hybrid T-cell receptor that combines the specificity of anti-PSMA antibodies with that of T-cell receptor activation when introduced into primary lymphocytes by retroviral-mediated gene transfer. We also discuss our recent findings on the expression of a PSMA-like gene and how that understanding allows specific targeting of PSMA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carboxypeptidases/genetics
- Carboxypeptidases/immunology
- Carboxypeptidases/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Genetic Therapy
- Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II
- Humans
- Male
- Prodrugs/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Prostatic Neoplasms/blood supply
- Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gong
- Urology Department, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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136
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Abstract
Significant progress has occurred in the molecular analyses of bone and soft-tissue tumors, and genetic studies have led to the development of important new diagnostic tools for the clinical management of patients with sarcomas. The detection of fusion genes induced by tumor-specific translocations, such as EWS-FLI1 in Ewing's sarcoma, SYT-SSX in synovial sarcoma, and CHOP-FUS in myxoid liposarcoma, is becoming significant for clinical diagnosis, because these sarcomas are often indistinguishable from other bone and soft-tissue tumors. Gene therapies with several gene transfer systems have been employed for some incurable cancers. It has been demonstrated that a Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene can convert certain nucleoside analogs, such as ganciclovir, which disrupt DNA synthesis and are toxic to nucleosides. Human chondrosarcoma cells transduced with the HSV-tk gene were more sensitive to the cytotoxity of ganciclovir than non-transduced cells. Coculture of chondrosarcoma cells with and without the HSV-tk gene showed a bystander effect. The local injection of gene transduced cells into the chondrosarcoma implanted in nude mice markedly reduced tumor size after the administration of ganciclovir. These results suggested the possibility of gene therapy for chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Medical School, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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137
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Viviani V, Uchida A, Suenaga N, Ryufuku M, Ohmiya Y. Thr226 is a key residue for bioluminescence spectra determination in beetle luciferases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:1286-91. [PMID: 11162668 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of click beetle and railroadworm luciferases (pH-insensitive) with firefly luciferases (pH-sensitive) showed a set of conserved residues differing between the two groups which could be involved with the bioluminescence spectra pH sensitivity. The substitution C258V in Pyrocoelia miyako (Pml) firefly luciferase and V255C in Ragophthalmus ohbai railroad worm luciferase (Rol) had no effect on the bioluminescence spectra. Substitution of Thr226 in the green-light-emitting luciferases of Rol and Pyrearinus termitilluminans (Pyt) click beetle luciferases resulted in red-shifts (12 to 35 nm), whereas the substitution T226N in the red-light-emitting luciferase of Phrixothrix hirtus (PhRE) railroadworm resulted in a 10 nm blue-shift. In PmL the substitution N230S resulted in a typical red mutant (lambda(max) = 611 nm). The bioluminescence spectrum of all these luciferase mutants did not show altered pH-sensitivity nor considerably changed half-bandwidth in relation to the wild-type luciferases. Altogether present data suggest that Thr226 is an important residue for keeping active-site core in both groups of beetle luciferases. The mechanism for bioluminescence color determination between pH-sensitive and pH-insensitive luciferases could be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Viviani
- Department of Biochemistry, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka-shi, Japan.
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138
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Mori K, Miyamoto N, Higuchi Y, Nanba K, Ito M, Tsurudome M, Nishio M, Kawano M, Uchida A, Ito Y. Cross-talk between RANKL and FRP-1/CD98 Systems: RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis is suppressed by an inhibitory anti-CD98 heavy chain mAb and CD98-mediated osteoclastogenesis is suppressed by osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. Cell Immunol 2001; 207:118-26. [PMID: 11243701 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2000.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The two pathways to osteoclastogenesis, RANKL-mediated and CD98-mediated osteoclastogenesis, have recently been reported. RANKL, OCIF, and TIMP-3 mRNAs are not found in monocytes freshly isolated or incubated with anti-FRP-1/CD98hc antibody. RANK, TACE, and M-CSF mRNAs can be detected in these cells. Interestingly, the expressed amount of RANK mRNA increases by cultivation of monocytes with anti-CD98hc antibody and maximal expression is observed in osteoclast-like cells. CD98-mediated cell aggregation and multinucleated giant cell formation are blocked by OCIF. OCIF also suppressed the CD98-mediated induction of Sp1 and c-src mRNAs in monocytes. Soluble RANK shows no effect on CD98-mediated cell aggregation and multinucleated giant cell formation. When blood monocytes were incubated with RANKL and M-CSF, c-src and Sp1 mRNAs were first found in blood monocytes incubated with these cytokines for 7 days. On the contrary, c-src mRNA could be detected 3 h after treatment of blood monocytes with anti-CD98hc mAb. LAT-1 mRNA was not found, and the expression levels of Y(+)LAT-1 and Y(+)LAT-2 mRNAs were not changed in monocytes stimulated without or with anti-CD98hc mAb or RANKL and M-CSF. An inhibitory mAb directed against CD98hc, HBJ 127, shows a suppressive effect on RANKL-mediated cell aggregation and cell fusion. Thus, there is cross-talk between these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mori
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu-Shi, Mie Prefecture, 514-8507, Japan
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139
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Imamura Y, Uchida A, Takada H, Otagiri M, Tsuchiya K. [Strain-, sex- and species-related differences of acetohexamide reductase and 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in liver microsomes of experimental animals]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2001; 121:85-91. [PMID: 11201165 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.121.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined physiological and genetic factors affecting acetohexamide reductase (AHR) and 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 beta-HSD) activities in liver microsomes of experimental animals. Pronounced strain-related differences were found in both activities of AHR and 20 beta-HSD present in liver microsomes of male rats. Among rat strains tested in this study, even though a Wistar-Imamichi (WIM) rat strain was taken to lack AHR activity, it exhibited a significant 20 beta-HSD activity. These findings appeared to be in conflict with our conclusion reported so far, which AHR and 20 beta-HSD present in liver microsomes of male rats are identical enzymes. Thus the reason for this discrepancy was discussed. Furthermore, AHR and 20 beta-HSD activities were little or not observed in liver microsomes of female rats or male experimental animals other than the rat, indicating the existence of sex- and species-related differences in these two enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Imamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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140
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Yokoyama T, Matsukado Y, Uchida A, Motomura Y, Watanabe K, Izawa E. Uptake of Au(III) Ions by Aluminum Hydroxide and Their Spontaneous Reduction to Elemental Gold (Au(0)). J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 233:112-116. [PMID: 11112313 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of AuCl(4)(-) ions during the formation of aluminum hydroxide at pH 6 was examined. With an increase in NaCl concentration, the content of gold taken up by aluminum hydroxide decreased, suggesting that chloro-hydroxy complexes of Au(III) ion were taken up due to the formation of Al-O-Au bonds. It was found unexpectedly that the Au(III) ions taken up were spontaneously reduced to elemental gold without addition of a specific reducing reagent and then colloidal gold particles were formed. The mechanisms for the uptake of Au(III) ions by aluminum hydroxide and for their spontaneous reduction are discussed. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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141
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Abstract
We report a fetus with a giant neck hemangioma which was examined by MRI in utero. The initial diagnosis was made by ultrasonography. The sonolucent aspect of the mass, together with the presence of pulsating Doppler flow signals, was highly suggestive of a fetal hemangioma. In late pregnancy, fetal MRI revealed the location, size and characteristics of the neck tumor. Following prenatal corticosteroid treatment and premature delivery of the pregnancy due to fetal cardiac failure, the newborn received angiography and coil embolization of the tumor vessels. Despite vigorous treatments, the newborn died 12 h after birth. Evaluation of a fetal neck hemangioma by MRI is recommended late in pregnancy for precise information on the tumor and adjacent organs since the image is valuable for planning optimal perinatal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Radiology, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi, Japan.
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142
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Uchida A, Tachibana M, Miyakawa A, Nakamura K, Murai M. Microsatellite analysis in multiple chromosomal regions as a prognostic indicator of primary bladder cancer. Urol Res 2000; 28:297-303. [PMID: 11127706 DOI: 10.1007/s002400000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated gene abnormalities in bladder cancer patients and the relationship between chromosomal alteration and the clinical outcome using microsatellite analysis. A total of 45 human bladder tumor patients were analyzed. The microsatellite markers for 18q21.1 (D18S46, D18S363, and D18S474), 9p21-22 (D9S171, D9S747, D9S1747, and IFNA), and 17p13.1 (TP53) were used for the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) detection. The clinical outcomes were estimated with univariate and multivariate analyses. The results show that patients with LOHs in 18q21.1 and 9p21-22 exhibited a significantly poor prognosis. LOHs of these chromosomal regions had the most predictable potential compared with the other known prognostic factors, such as tumor grade, TNM stage, and age. It is concluded that microsatellite analysis for 18q21.1 and 9p21-22 is capable of predicting the clinical outcome of bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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143
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is abundantly expressed in virtually 100% of prostate cancers and metastases. In addition, unlike prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSMA is upregulated under conditions of androgen deprivation. Therefore, PSMA is an attractive therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer. Recently, both the promoter and the enhancer driving prostate-specific expression of the PSMA gene were cloned. We describe here our analysis of the PSMA enhancer for the most active region(s) and present a way of using the enhancer in combination with the E. coli cytosine deaminase gene for suicide-driven gene therapy that converts the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Deletion constructs of the full-length PSMA enhancer were subcloned into a luciferase reporter vector containing either the PSMA or SV-40 promoter. The most active portion of the enhancer was then determined via luciferase activity in the C4-2 cell line. We then replaced the luciferase gene with the E. coli cytosine deaminase gene in the subclone that showed the most luciferase activity. The specificity of this technique was examined in vitro, using the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, its androgen-independent derivative C4-2, and a number of nonprostatic cell lines. The toxicity of 5-FC and 5-FU on transiently transfected cell lines was then compared. RESULTS The enhancer region originally isolated from the PSMA gene was approximately 2 kb. Deletion constructs revealed that at least two distinct regions seem to contribute to expression of the gene in prostate cancer cells, and therefore the best construct for prostate-specific expression was determined to be 1, 648 bp long. The IC(50) of 5-FC was similar in all cell lines tested (>10 mM). However, transfection with the 1648 nt PSMA enhancer and the PSMA promoter to drive the cytosine deaminase gene enhanced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner more than 50-fold, while cells that did not express the PSMA gene were not significantly sensitized by transfection. CONCLUSIONS Suicide gene therapy using the PSMA enhancer may be of benefit to patients who have undergone androgen ablation therapy and are suffering a relapse of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S O'Keefe
- George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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144
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Kosuge S, Ohkuchi A, Minakami H, Matsubara S, Uchida A, Eguchi Y, Honma Y, Sato I. Influence of chorioamnionitis on survival and morbidity in singletons live-born at < 32 weeks of gestation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000; 79:861-5. [PMID: 11304970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chorioamnionitis (CAM) may accelerate lung maturation in fetuses. It is possible that CAM prevents infant death after live birth. METHODS A retrospective study of live-born singletons at < 32 weeks of gestation between 1993 and 1997. Perinatal risk factors for adverse outcomes were analyzed using a logistic regression model, with special reference to the presence of histologically confirmed CAM. Adverse outcomes included infant death before 1 year of age, and survival with cerebral palsy and/or mental retardation. RESULTS A total of 81 infants, weighing 1181 +/- 426 g, were born at 28.1 +/- 2.3 weeks of gestation. Of those, 15 (19%) died before 1 year of age, while 16 (20%) infants developed major handicaps by 1.5 years of age (six with cerebral palsy, eight with mental retardation, and two with both cerebral palsy and mental retardation). CAM, present in 44 women, was significantly associated with a reduced risk of death after live birth, with an odds ratio of 0.11 (p = 0.01). Only the presence of such intracranial lesions as periventricular leukomalacia and intraventricular hemorrhage were significantly associated with an increased risk of major handicaps (odds ratio of 11.0, p = 0.04). Adverse outcomes occurred in a similar proportion of infants in groups without CAM (14/37) and with CAM (17/44). However, among infants with adverse outcomes, the number of deaths was significantly higher in the group without CAM (10/14) vs. with CAM (5/12) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The presence of CAM may somehow prevent infant death after live birth. Larger studies are required to confirm this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kosuge
- Center for Perinatal Medicine, Jichi Medical School Hospital, Minamikawachi-machi, Tochigi, Japan
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145
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Takada H, Uchida A, Kamizono R, Otagiri M, Imamura Y. Further studies on 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with carbonyl reductase-like activity present in liver microsomes of male rats. Life Sci 2000; 67:2075-82. [PMID: 11057757 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Further characterizations of 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-HSD) present in liver microsomes of male rats were examined. A significant relationship was observed between 20beta-HSD and acetohexamide reductase (AHR) activities in liver microsomes of male rats. The hepatic microsomal 20beta-HSD and AHR preferentially required NADPH as a cofactor. When NADPH was replaced by NADH, NADP or NAD at the same concentration, these reductase activities were little detected. The hepatic microsomal 20beta-HSD and AHR activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were much lower than those in the corresponding controls. The hepatic microsomal 20beta-HSD and AHR activities appeared as one main peak, respectively, on DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography, and the peak of 20beta-HSD activity was in good agreement with that of AHR activity. Based on these results, we conclude that 20beta-HSD present in liver microsomes of male rats functions as AHR, and exhibits a carbonyl reductase-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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146
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Miyamoto N, Higuchi Y, Tsurudome M, Ito M, Nishio M, Kawano M, Sudo A, Kato K, Uchida A, Ito Y. Induction of c-Src in human blood monocytes by anti-CD98/FRP-1 mAb in an Sp1-dependent fashion. Cell Immunol 2000; 204:105-13. [PMID: 11069718 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2000.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Freshly isolated human blood monocytes expressed neither c-src mRNA nor c-Src. However, when monocytes were incubated with anti-CD98 heavy chain (HC) mAb, expression of c-src mRNA, c-Src, and activated c-Src was induced. Many binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factor Sp1 were identified in the promoter region of the c-src gene. Surprisingly, Sp1 and Sp1 mRNA were not found in monocytes that were freshly isolated or incubated with control antibody. Stimulation with anti-CD98HC mAb also resulted in the expression of Sp1 and its translocation to the nucleus. Herbimycin A, genistein, manumycin A, PD-98059, SB203580, and HBJ127 suppressed CD98HC-mediated c-src and Sp1 mRNA induction. On the contrary, H-7, Wortmannin, HA1077, and Y-27632 showed no effect on c-Src and Sp1 induction. Furthermore, anti-CD98HC mAb induced activation of tyrosine kinases and ERK kinases. These findings suggest that the tyrosine kinase(s)-Ras-MAPK-Sp1 pathway(s) is involved in CD98HC-mediated induction of c-Src in human blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Orthopedics, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu-Shi, Mie Prefecture, 514-8507, Japan.
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147
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Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of persistent proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synoviocytes in situ, we examined the activity of telomerase enzyme and the expression of telomerase related factors in cultured synoviocytes. Cultured synoviocytes obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 29), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 18), and traumatic joint disease (TJD, n = 4) were examined. Telomerase activity was detected by TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) assay, and 12 out of 29 samples of synoviocytes (41%) from RA patients showed a positive telomerase activity, whereas none of the samples from OA and TJD patients showed this activity. Results were confirmed by PCR-ELISA. The telomerase activity was enhanced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The mRNA expression of telomerase related factors, such as hTERC, TRF2, and TEP-1, showed no difference between RA and OA synoviocytes. Our results suggest that telomerase is activated in rheumatoid synoviocytes, and that bFGF upregulates the activity of this enzyme in RA synoviocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsumuki
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Genetics Program, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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148
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Uchida A, Ogawa T, Shinozuka M, Kannari F. Accuracy of chaos synchronization in Nd:YVO(4) microchip lasers. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:1960-1971. [PMID: 11088660 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization of chaotic oscillations generated in two Nd:YVO(4) microchip lasers is experimentally and numerically demonstrated with master-slave coupling schemes. The synchronization performance under some parameter mismatch between the two lasers is quantitatively characterized. Synchronization is always achieved when the lasing frequency of the slave laser is matched to that of the master laser through injection locking. Accurate synchronization of chaos at an average intensity error of less than 2% is attained and maintained for tens of hours. The modulation parameters of the two lasers do not need to be matched for synchronization when the injection power is at a sufficiently high level, because chaos synchronization is based on its injection-locking performance. For accurate synchronization in multimode lasers, the power distribution among longitudinal modes needs to be matched.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uchida
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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149
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Abstract
We have found previously that expansion of the Wallerian degenerated nerve was accompanied by accelerated Schwann cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of the elongation of Wallerian degenerated nerve for the repair of short nerve gap. Male Wistar rats were used. After the left sciatic nerve was transected the rats were divided into 4 groups. In the control group, nerve coaptation was not performed. In group 1, tensionless coaptation was performed immediately. In group 2, delayed tensionless coaptation was performed with the elongation of Wallerian degenerated nerve. In group 3, coaptation was performed immediately with autologous interposition nerve graft. The ideal tensionless nerve repair of group 1 was considered to produce the best result. Rats in group 2 showed functional recovery as good as rats in group 1. On histologic assessment, in group 2, a fibrous capsule that was very rich in vascularity was formed around the tissue expander. After 14 weeks, the capsule was diminished markedly in size, but the vascularity was rich around the sciatic nerve. We think that the excellent functional recovery seen in group 2 can be attributed to the increased activity of Schwann cell proliferation and increased vascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University of Medicine, Japan
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150
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Miyamoto N, Higuchi Y, Tajima M, Ito M, Tsurudome M, Nishio M, Kawano M, Sudo A, Uchida A, Ito Y. Spindle-shaped cells derived from giant-cell tumor of bone support differentiation of blood monocytes to osteoclast-like cells. J Orthop Res 2000; 18:647-54. [PMID: 11052502 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100180418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spindle-shaped cells were established from four giant-cell tumors of bone. When human blood monocytes were co-cultured with these cells, multinucleated giant-cell formation of monocytes was induced. Intriguingly, even when a filter (pore size: 0.45 microm) was interposed between monocytes and the spindle-shaped cells, polykaryocytes also appeared. These multinucleated giant cells were positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, expressed calcitonin receptor, and showed bone-resorption activity, characteristics of osteoclast-like cells. These findings indicate that soluble factors secreted from these cells play an important role in osteoclast-like cell formation from blood monocytes. These data additionally suggest that these cells support osteoclast-like cell formation in giant-cell tumors of bone. The cells also expressed mannose receptor, fibronectin, receptor activator of nuclear factorkappaB, and several cytokine mRNAs, including interleukin-6, receptor activator of nuclear factorkappaB ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor/osteoprotegerin ligand, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, all of these molecules except receptor activator of nuclear factorkappaB ligand mRNA could also be detected in control HeLa and CV-1 cells. Although the soluble receptor activator of nuclear factorkappaB ligand has not been found under physiological conditions, it is possible that it is cleaved by cellular proteases and the truncated receptor activator of nuclear factorkappaB is released from cells. Identification of the soluble factors capable of inducing osteoclast formation from blood monocytes is a pressing problem to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan
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