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Hübner MP, Shi Y, Torrero MN, Mueller E, Larson D, Soloviova K, Gondorf F, Hoerauf A, Killoran KE, Stocker JT, Davies SJ, Tarbell KV, Mitre E. Helminth protection against autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice is independent of a type 2 immune shift and requires TGF-β. J Immunol 2011; 188:559-68. [PMID: 22174447 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leading hypotheses to explain helminth-mediated protection against autoimmunity postulate that type 2 or regulatory immune responses induced by helminth infections in the host limit pathogenic Th1-driven autoimmune responses. We tested these hypotheses by investigating whether infection with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis prevents diabetes onset in IL-4-deficient NOD mice and whether depletion or absence of regulatory T cells, IL-10, or TGF-β alters helminth-mediated protection. In contrast to IL-4-competent NOD mice, IL-4-deficient NOD mice failed to develop a type 2 shift in either cytokine or Ab production during L. sigmodontis infection. Despite the absence of a type 2 immune shift, infection of IL-4-deficient NOD mice with L. sigmodontis prevented diabetes onset in all mice studied. Infections in immunocompetent and IL-4-deficient NOD mice were accompanied by increases in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell frequencies and numbers, respectively, and helminth infection increased the proliferation of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells. However, depletion of CD25(+) cells in NOD mice or Foxp3(+) T cells from splenocytes transferred into NOD.scid mice did not decrease helminth-mediated protection against diabetes onset. Continuous depletion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, but not blockade of IL-10 signaling, prevented the beneficial effect of helminth infection on diabetes. Changes in Th17 responses did not seem to play an important role in helminth-mediated protection against autoimmunity, because helminth infection was not associated with a decreased Th17 immune response. This study demonstrates that L. sigmodontis-mediated protection against diabetes in NOD mice is not dependent on the induction of a type 2 immune shift but does require TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Hübner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Huebner M, Therneau T, Larson D. Estimating underreported N2 disease in rectal cancer patients with low lymph node counts. J Surg Oncol 2011; 106:248-53. [PMID: 22134955 DOI: 10.1002/jso.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variability in the number of lymph nodes examined needs to be taken into account for adequate staging. The definition of nodal staging was refined by quantifying the likelihood of N2 disease when the patient had fewer than four positive LN. METHODS In a retrospective study a total of 548 patients with node positive rectal cancer and curative surgery between 1990 and 2006 were identified. The misclassification of pN staging was estimated with a Bayesian computation. The prognostic value of the calculated probability, lymph node ratio (LNR), and nodal stage was assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS A probability of understaging of 40% or more indicated worse prognosis of cancer-specific survival (CSS) with hazard ratio 2.6 (95%CI: 1.8-3.9, P < 0.001). The concordance index of a multivariate model with probability of N2 disease as a prognostic factor for survival was 0.68 for all patients and 0.75 for patients with less than 10 lymph nodes examined. CONCLUSION Utilizing estimated probabilities of N2 disease improves our ability to predict survival, in particular in patients with low LN count. These probabilities allow for a simple rule in patient counseling and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Huebner
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Larson
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-6664, USA.
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104
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Haydon ML, Larson D, Reed E, Shrivastava VK, Preslicka CW, Nageotte MP. Obstetric outcomes and maternal satisfaction in nulliparous women using patient-controlled epidural analgesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:271.e1-6. [PMID: 22071061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare obstetric outcomes and maternal satisfaction in nulliparous women in spontaneous labor who used patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) vs continuous epidural infusion (CEI). STUDY DESIGN We conducted a double-masked trial of 270 nulliparous women who were assigned randomly to 3 groups (with a concentration 0.1% bupivacaine and 2 μg/mL fentanyl): group I, CEI-only (10 mL/h); group II, CEI + PCEA (CEI 10 mL/h plus PCEA 10 mL, at 20 minutes); group III, PCEA-only (10 mL, at 20 minutes). A PCEA bolus button was given to each subject. The primary outcome was the dosage of local anesthetic that was used. RESULTS The total milligrams of bupivacaine that were used was less in the PCEA-only group compared with CEI: group I. 74.8 ± 36 mg; group II, 97.3 ± 53 mg; group III, 52.4 ± 42 mg (P < .001). Pain with pushing, however, was worse in the PCEA-only group. Median satisfaction scores were similar (scale, 0 [best] to 100 [worst]: group I, 0; group II, 0; group III, 0 (P = .23). CONCLUSION PCEA results in less anesthetic used, and maternal satisfaction remains high without a continuous infusion. Pain with pushing, however, was worse with the PCEA alone.
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Hübner MP, Larson D, Torrero MN, Mueller E, Shi Y, Killoran KE, Mitre E. Anti-FcεR1 antibody injections activate basophils and mast cells and delay Type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice. Clin Immunol 2011; 141:205-17. [PMID: 21920822 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that helminth infections protect against autoimmune diseases. As helminths cause chronic IgE-mediated activation of basophils and mast cells we hypothesized that continuous activation of these cells could prevent diabetes onset in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice in the absence of infection. Anti-FcεR1 activated basophils and mast cells and resulted in the release of IL-4 and histamine into the bloodstream. Anti-FcεR1-treated NOD mice showed a type 2 shift in insulin-specific antibody production and exhibited significant delays in diabetes onset. IL-4 responses played a partial role as the protective effect of anti-FcεR1 therapy was diminished in IL-4-deficient NOD mice. In contrast, histamine signaling was not required as anti-FcεR1-mediated protection was not reduced in mice treated with histamine receptor blockers. These results demonstrate that anti-FcεR1 therapy delays diabetes onset in NOD mice and suggest that chronic basophil and mast cell activation may represent a new avenue of therapy for Th1-associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Hübner
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Ma L, Li K, Hwang A, Sahgal A, McDermott M, Sneed P, Larson D. SU-C-BRB-06: High-Precision Volume-Staged Treatments with Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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108
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Wallner PE, Steinberg ML, Larson D. [Not Available]. Pract Radiat Oncol 2011; 1:139. [PMID: 24673928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Short KD, Rajkumar SV, Larson D, Buadi F, Hayman S, Dispenzieri A, Gertz M, Kumar S, Mikhael J, Roy V, Kyle RA, Lacy MQ. Incidence of extramedullary disease in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of novel therapy, and the activity of pomalidomide on extramedullary myeloma. Leukemia 2011; 25:906-8. [PMID: 21350560 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied 174 consecutive patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM) enrolled on a phase II clinical trial of pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone at Mayo Clinic. Extramedullary disease (EMD) was present at the time of trial entry in 7.5% (13 of 174 patients). The rate of EMD in the first 3 years following diagnosis of MM was 3%. The response of EMD to pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone included two complete and two partial responses among the 13 patients (response rate, 31%). Overall survival measured from trial entry was significantly shorter for patients with treatment-emergent EMD compared with those who did not have EMD, (median 16 months versus not reached, P=0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Detweiler Short
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kline JL, Glenzer SH, Olson RE, Suter LJ, Widmann K, Callahan DA, Dixit SN, Thomas CA, Hinkel DE, Williams EA, Moore AS, Celeste J, Dewald E, Hsing WW, Warrick A, Atherton J, Azevedo S, Beeler R, Berger R, Conder A, Divol L, Haynam CA, Kalantar DH, Kauffman R, Kyrala GA, Kilkenny J, Liebman J, Le Pape S, Larson D, Meezan NB, Michel P, Moody J, Rosen MD, Schneider MB, Van Wonterghem B, Wallace RJ, Young BK, Landen OL, MacGowan BJ. Observation of high soft x-ray drive in large-scale hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:085003. [PMID: 21405579 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.085003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The first soft x-ray radiation flux measurements from hohlraums using both a 96 and a 192 beam configuration at the National Ignition Facility have shown high x-ray conversion efficiencies of ∼85%-90%. These experiments employed gold vacuum hohlraums, 6.4 mm long and 3.55 mm in diameter, heated with laser energies between 150-635 kJ. The hohlraums reached radiation temperatures of up to 340 eV. These hohlraums for the first time reached coronal plasma conditions sufficient for two-electron processes and coronal heat conduction to be important for determining the radiation drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Haydon M, Larson D, Reed E, Shrivastava V, Preslicka C, Nageotte M. 28: Obstetric outcomes and maternal satisfaction using patient controlled epidural analgesia in nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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112
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Torrero MN, Hübner MP, Larson D, Karasuyama H, Mitre E. Basophils amplify type 2 immune responses, but do not serve a protective role, during chronic infection of mice with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis. J Immunol 2010; 185:7426-34. [PMID: 21057084 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic helminth infections induce a type 2 immune response characterized by eosinophilia, high levels of IgE, and increased T cell production of type 2 cytokines. Because basophils have been shown to be substantial contributors of IL-4 in helminth infections, and because basophils are capable of inducing Th2 differentiation of CD4(+) T cells and IgE isotype switching in B cells, we hypothesized that basophils function to amplify type 2 immune responses in chronic helminth infection. To test this, we evaluated basophil function using the Litomosoides sigmodontis filaria model of chronic helminth infection in BALB/c mice. Time-course studies showed that eosinophilia, parasite Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell production of IL-4 and IL-5 and basophil activation and IL-4 production in response to parasite Ag all peak late (6-8 wk) in the course of L. sigmodontis infection, after parasite-specific IgE has become detectable. Mixed-gender and single-sex worm implantation experiments demonstrated that the relatively late peak of these responses was not dependent on the appearance of circulating microfilariae, but may be due to initial low levels of parasite Ag load and/or habitation of the developing worms in the pleural space. Depletion of basophils throughout the course of L. sigmodontis infection caused significant decreases in total and parasite-specific IgE, eosinophilia, and parasite Ag-driven CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-4 production, but did not alter total worm numbers. These results demonstrate that basophils amplify type 2 immune responses, but do not serve a protective role, in chronic infection of mice with the filarial nematode L. sigmodontis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Torrero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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113
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Kline JL, Widmann K, Warrick A, Olson RE, Thomas CA, Moore AS, Suter LJ, Landen O, Callahan D, Azevedo S, Liebman J, Glenzer SH, Conder A, Dixit SN, Torres P, Tran V, Dewald EL, Kamperschroer J, Atherton LJ, Beeler R, Berzins L, Celeste J, Haynam C, Hsing W, Larson D, MacGowan BJ, Hinkel D, Kalantar D, Kauffman R, Kilkenny J, Meezan N, Rosen MD, Schneider M, Williams EA, Vernon S, Wallace RJ, Van Wonterghem B, Young BK. The first measurements of soft x-ray flux from ignition scale Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility using DANTE (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10E321. [PMID: 21034019 DOI: 10.1063/1.3491032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The first 96 and 192 beam vacuum Hohlraum target experiments have been fielded at the National Ignition Facility demonstrating radiation temperatures up to 340 eV and fluxes of 20 TW/sr as viewed by DANTE representing an ∼20 times flux increase over NOVA/Omega scale Hohlraums. The vacuum Hohlraums were irradiated with 2 ns square laser pulses with energies between 150 and 635 kJ. They produced nearly Planckian spectra with about 30±10% more flux than predicted by the preshot radiation hydrodynamic simulations. To validate these results, careful verification of all component calibrations, cable deconvolution, and software analysis routines has been conducted. In addition, a half Hohlraum experiment was conducted using a single 2 ns long axial quad with an irradiance of ∼2×10(15) W/cm(2) for comparison with NIF Early Light experiments completed in 2004. We have also completed a conversion efficiency test using a 128-beam nearly uniformly illuminated gold sphere with intensities kept low (at 1×10(14) W/cm(2) over 5 ns) to avoid sensitivity to modeling uncertainties for nonlocal heat conduction and nonlinear absorption mechanisms, to compare with similar intensity, 3 ns OMEGA sphere results. The 2004 and 2009 NIF half-Hohlraums agreed to 10% in flux, but more importantly, the 2006 OMEGA Au Sphere, the 2009 NIF Au sphere, and the calculated Au conversion efficiency agree to ±5% in flux, which is estimated to be the absolute calibration accuracy of the DANTEs. Hence we conclude that the 30±10% higher than expected radiation fluxes from the 96 and 192 beam vacuum Hohlraums are attributable to differences in physics of the larger Hohlraums.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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114
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Larson D, van der Maazen R. Letter to the Editor. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/153303461000900401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- University of California San Francisco Department of Radiation Oncology San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Princess Margaret Hospital Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Larson
- University of California San Francisco Department of Radiation Oncology San Francisco, CA 94143
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Larson D, Bradford-Wilcox J, Young LS, Sprague KU. A short 5' flanking region containing conserved sequences is required for silkworm alanine tRNA gene activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 80:3416-20. [PMID: 16593326 PMCID: PMC394054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.11.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using partially deleted genes, we have identified an upstream control signal required for transcription of a Bombyx mori (silkworm) tRNA(2) (Ala) gene. The 5' boundary of this essential region lies between 34 and 11 nucleotides preceding the transcription initiation site. Sequences in the 5' half of the tRNA(2) (Ala) coding region are also important. Both regions contain oligonucleotides that are conserved among several Bombyx genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III, suggesting that these sequences may have a general control function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Larson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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116
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Scala A, Squillace A, Monetta T, Mitton DB, Larson D, Bellucci F. Corrosion fatigue on 2024T3 and 6056T4 aluminum alloys. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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117
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Cuiffi J, Soong R, Manolakos S, Mohapatra S, Larson D. Nanohole Array Sensor Technology: Multiplexed Label-Free Protein Binding Assays. IFMBE Proceedings 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14998-6_146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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118
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Sahgal A, Ma L, Gibbs I, Chao S, Chang U, Weinberg V, Soltys S, Fowler J, Wong S, Larson D. Re-treatment Spinal Cord Tolerance for Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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119
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Sahgal A, Ma L, Gibbs I, Gerszten P, Ryu S, Weinberg V, Wong S, Chang E, Fowler J, Larson D. 104 SPINAL CORD TOLERANCE FOR STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIOTHERAPY. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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120
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Follwell M, Davidson M, Moseley D, Tsao M, Davey P, Laperriere N, Perry J, Ma L, Larson D, Sahgal A. 172 IS THERE AN ADVANTAGE TO IMRT FOR HARD TO TREAT PRIMARY BRAIN CANCER? Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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121
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Cho Y, Descovich M, Chuang C, Huang K, Laperriere N, Shrieve D, Larson D. SU-FF-T-535: Effects of Peripheral Dose Fall-Off On Biologically Equivalent Dose to Normal Brain for Intracranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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122
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Hossain S, Chuang C, Descovich M, Huang K, Gottschalk A, Larson D. TH-D-303A-02: Correction Strategy to Overcome Non-Random Target Motions for Hypofractionated Spine Body Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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123
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Hossain S, Huang K, Chuang C, Descovich M, Gottschalk A, Larson D, Ma L. SU-FF-J-100: Margins for Hypofractionated Lung SBRT Using CyberKnife Synchrony. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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124
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Larson D, Sahgal A. Adjuvant whole brain radiotherapy: strong emotions decide but rationale studies are needed: in regard to Brown et al. (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;70:1305-1309). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 72:959. [PMID: 19014787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils are increasingly recognized as playing important roles in the immune responses of allergic diseases and helminth infections. One of the main obstacles to studying basophils has been the lack of a simple and rapid assay to measure basophil activation in mice. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop an assay to measure murine basophil activation. METHODS Mouse blood cells were stained with various combinations of positive and negative markers for basophils--sorted and then assessed for basophil purity by May-Grünwald staining of cytospins. Once a flow cytometric strategy for staining basophils was determined, basophil surface expression of CD200R was assessed by multi-colour flow cytometry after stimulation of whole blood with anti-IgE, ionomycin or N-formyl MetLeuPhe (fMLP). Confirmation of basophil activation was assessed by concomitant staining of cells for intracellular IL-4. To test the ability of flow cytometric basophil CD200R measurements to assess for antigen-specific IgE-mediated activation of basophils, surface CD200R expression in response to in vitro stimulation with media alone, helminth antigen or ovalbumin was measured on basophils obtained from control mice, mice infected with helminths and mice sensitized to ovalbumin. RESULTS Using anti-IgE-FITC as a positive marker and a combination of anti-CD4-PERCP and anti-B220-PERCP as negative markers resulted in a well-separated basophil population. Additional staining with anti-CD200R-PE demonstrated that (1) basophil CD200R expression increases in response to anti-IgE, ionomycin and fMLP, (2) most CD200R-positive basophils also stain positively for IL-4 and (3) CD200R expression increases after antigen-specific activation of basophils in murine models of helminth disease and allergy. CONCLUSION We developed a multi-colour flow cytometry assay that measures murine basophil activation by utilizing CD200R as an activation marker. This assay is straightforward and rapid, taking approximately half a day for obtaining blood, in vitro stimulation and flow cytometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Torrero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Aiken AH, Chang SM, Larson D, Butowski N, Cha S. Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Glioblastoma Multiforme Treated With Radiotherapy With or Without Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 72:1340-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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127
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Sahgal A, Gibbs I, Ryu S, Ma L, Gerszten P, Soltys S, Weinberg V, Fowler J, Chang E, Larson D. Preliminary Guidelines for Avoidance of Radiation-induced Myelopathy Following Spine Stereotactic Body Radiosurgery (SBRS). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sahgal A, Chuang C, Larson D, Huang K, Petti P, Weinstein P, Ma L. Split-Volume Treatment Planning of Multiple Consecutive Vertebral Body Metastases for Cyberknife Image-Guided Robotic Radiosurgery. Med Dosim 2008; 33:175-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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129
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130
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Yousif N, Larson D. Evolution of the Revolution in Head and Neck Reconstruction. Semin Plast Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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131
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Yousif N, Larson D. The Last Word. Semin Plast Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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132
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Yousif N, Larson D. The Last Word. Semin Plast Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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133
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Ma L, Hossain S, Descovich M, Chuang C, Verhey L, Shrieve D, Larson D. SU-EE-A2-01: A General Formula Predicting Near-Target Dose Fall-Off Characteristics for Different Isocentric and Non-Isocentric Delivery Modalities. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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134
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135
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Chuang CF, Chan AA, Larson D, Verhey LJ, McDermott M, Nelson SJ, Pirzkall A. Potential value of MR spectroscopic imaging for the radiosurgical management of patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2008; 6:375-82. [PMID: 17877425 DOI: 10.1177/153303460700600502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that metabolic information provided by 3D Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) could affect the definition of target volumes for radiation treatments (RT). This study aimed to (i) investigate the effect of incorporating spectroscopic volumes as determined by MRSI on target volume definition, patient selection eligibility, and dose prescription for stereotactic radiosurgery treatment planning; (ii) correlate the spatial extent of pre-SRS spectroscopic abnormality and treatment volumes with areas of focal recurrence as defined by changes in contrast enhancement; and (iii) examine the metabolic changes following SRS to assess treatment response. Twenty-six patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent both MRI and MRSI studies prior to SRS. Follow-up MRI exams were available for all 26 patients, with MRI/MRSI available in only 15/26 patients. We observed that the initial CNI 2 contours extended beyond the pre-SRS CE in 25/26 patients ranging in volume from 0.8 cc to 18.8 cc (median 5.6 cc). The inclusion of the volume of CNI 2 extending beyond the CE would have increased the SRS target volume by 5-165% (median 23.4%). This would have necessitated decreasing the SRS prescription dose in 19/26 patients to avoid increased toxicity; the resultant treatment volume would have exceeded 20cc in five patients, thus possibly excluding those from RS treatment per our institutional practice. MRSI follow-up studies showed a decrease in Choline, stable Creatine, and increased NAA indicative of response to SRS in the majority of patients. When combined with patient survival data, metabolic information obtained during follow-up MRSI studies seemed to indicate the potential to help to distinguish necrosis from new/recurrent tumor; however, this should be further verified by biopsy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia F Chuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0226, San Francisco, CA 94143-0226, USA.
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136
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Sahgal A, Chou D, Ames C, Ma L, Chuang C, Lamborn K, Huang K, Chin C, Weinstein P, Larson D. Proximity of Spinous/Paraspinous Radiosurgery Metastatic Targets to the Spinal Cord Versus Risk of Local Failure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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137
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Chuang C, Sahgal A, Lee L, Larson D, Huang K, Petti P, Verhey L, Ma L. Effects of residual target motion for image-tracked spine radiosurgery. Med Phys 2007; 34:4484-90. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2790587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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138
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139
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Ma L, Larson D, Petti P, Chuang C, Verhey L. Boosting Central Target Dose by Optimizing Embedded Dose Hot Spots for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2007; 85:259-63. [PMID: 17709977 DOI: 10.1159/000107357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a boost technique for Gamma Knife radiosurgery by embedding and optimizing dose hot spots inside a conventional Gamma Knife plan. METHODS An optimization algorithm was developed to automatically arrange the pattern and adjust the intensities of the embedded dose hot spots. We compared the treatment plans of the optimized boost technique with the conventional Gamma Knife treatment plans, where dose hot spots were scattered randomly within the target volume. RESULTS We found the embedded boost plans significantly increased the maximum dose of the target (on average 31% or 5-6 Gy). The mean dose to the target was increased by an averaged 7.1% (1.5-2 Gy). In contrast, the dose to the adjacent normal brain was strictly maintained with the dose volume histograms differing less than 0.5% between the boost treatment plans and the conventional treatment plans. The planning effort and treatment time was comparable between the two techniques. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated a simple and an effective technique for increasing the central target dose without affecting the normal brain sparing for Gamma Knife radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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140
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Ellrodt G, Sadwin LB, Aversano T, Brodie B, O'Brien PK, Gray R, Hiratzka LF, Larson D. Development of Systems of Care for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. Circulation 2007; 116:e49-54. [PMID: 17538040 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.184048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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141
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Larson D, Chuang C, Petti P, Verhey L. SU-FF-T-13: A Generalized Biologically Equivalent Dose (gBED) Model and Its Application for Radiosurgery and Hypofractionated Body Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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142
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Menssen K, Henry T, Unger B, Oelfke J, Kapsner C, Larson D. Use of Emergency Medical Services by Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Regional Network. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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143
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Larson D, Menssen K, Herold M, Henry T, Unger B, Parpart M, Sharkey S. Stress Cardiomyopathy Mimicking Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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144
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Stewart VA, McGrath SM, Dubois PM, Pau MG, Mettens P, Shott J, Cobb M, Burge JR, Larson D, Ware LA, Demoitie MA, Weverling GJ, Bayat B, Custers JHHV, Dubois MC, Cohen J, Goudsmit J, Heppner DG. Priming with an adenovirus 35-circumsporozoite protein (CS) vaccine followed by RTS,S/AS01B boosting significantly improves immunogenicity to Plasmodium falciparum CS compared to that with either malaria vaccine alone. Infect Immun 2007; 75:2283-90. [PMID: 17307942 PMCID: PMC1865796 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01879-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The RTS,S/AS02A protein-based vaccine consistently demonstrates significant protection against infection with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and also against clinical malaria and severe disease in children in areas of endemicity. Here we demonstrate with rhesus macaques that priming with a replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) vector encoding circumsporozoite protein (CS) (Ad35.CS), followed by boosting with RTS,S in an improved MPL- and QS21-based adjuvant formulation, AS01B, maintains antibody responses and dramatically increases levels of T cells producing gamma interferon and other Th1 cytokines in response to CS peptides. The increased T-cell responses induced by the combination of Ad35.CS and RTS,S/AS01B are sustained for at least 6 months postvaccination and may translate to improved and more durable protection against P. falciparum infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ann Stewart
- Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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145
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Ronsheim P, McMurray J, Flaitz P, Parks C, Thompson K, Larson D, Kelly TF, Seiler DG, Diebold AC, McDonald R, Garner CM, Herr D, Khosla RP, Secula EM. Analysis of Nickel Silicides by SIMS and LEAP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2799356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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146
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Ma L, Larson D, Petti P, Chuang C, Verhey L. SU-FF-T-348: Optimize Spike Patterns For An Embedded Boost Technique For Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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147
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McDermott MW, Larson D. Conformal Radiation for Benign Intracranial Tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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148
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Petti P, Coleman J, McDermott M, Larson D. Anatomic Landmarks vs Fiducials for Staged Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Large Arteriovenous Malformations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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149
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Hassan I, Nelson H, Larson D, Cima R, Dozois E, Young-Fadok T. Expansion of a laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery practice does not adversely affect patient and practice outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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150
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Miller K, Larson D. Angels and artifacts: Moral agents in the age of computers and networks. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 2005. [DOI: 10.1108/14779960580000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, philosophers have ascribed moral agency almost exclusively to humans (Eshleman, 2004). Early writing about moral agency can be traced to Aristotle (Louden, 1989) and Aquinas (1997). In addition to human moral agents, Aristotle discussed the possibility of moral agency of the Greek gods and Aquinas discussed the possibility of moral agency of angels. In the case of angels, a difficulty in ascribing moral agency was that it was suspected that angels did not have enough independence from God to ascribe to the angels genuine moral choices. Recently, new candidates
have been suggested for non‐human moral agency. Floridi and Sanders (2004) suggest that artificially intelligence (AI)
programs that meet certain criteria may attain the status of moral agents; they suggest a redefinition of moral agency to clarify the relationship between artificial and human agents. Other philosophers, as well as scholars in Science and Technology Studies, are studying the possibility that artifacts that are not designed to mimic human intelligence still embody a kind of moral agency. For example, there has been a lively discussion about the moral intent and the consequential effects of speed bumps (Latour, 1994; Keulartz et al., 2004). The connections and distributed intelligence of a network is another candidate being considered for moral agency (Allen, Varner & Zinser, 2000). These philosophical arguments may have practical consequences for software developers, and for the people affected by computing. In this paper, we will examine ideas about artificial moral agency from the perspective of a software developer.
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